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DE1214711B - Heat-insulated container - Google Patents

Heat-insulated container

Info

Publication number
DE1214711B
DE1214711B DEU4645A DEU0004645A DE1214711B DE 1214711 B DE1214711 B DE 1214711B DE U4645 A DEU4645 A DE U4645A DE U0004645 A DEU0004645 A DE U0004645A DE 1214711 B DE1214711 B DE 1214711B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
heat
insulated container
wall
layers
fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEU4645A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Ladislas Charles Matsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Union Carbide Corp
Original Assignee
Union Carbide Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Publication of DE1214711B publication Critical patent/DE1214711B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J41/00—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars
    • A47J41/02—Vacuum-jacket vessels, e.g. vacuum bottles
    • A47J41/022—Constructional details of the elements forming vacuum space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0308—Radiation shield
    • F17C2203/032—Multi-sheet layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/01—Radiant cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/13—Insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49874—Prestressing rod, filament or strand
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49879—Spaced wall tube or receptacle

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Description

BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLANDFEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

DEUTSCHESGERMAN

PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE

AUSLEGESCHRIFTEDITORIAL

Int. α.:Int. α .:

F25jF25j

Deutsche Kl.: 17g-4German class: 17g-4

Nummer: 1214 711Number: 1214 711

Aktenzeichen: U 46451 a/17 gFile number: U 46451 a / 17 g

Anmeldetag: 16. Juli 1957 Filing date: July 16, 1957

Auslegetag: 21. April 1966Opening day: April 21, 1966

Die Erfindung betrifit einen wärmeisolierten Behälter zur Speicherung und zum Transport von Stoffen, insbesondere von verflüssigten Gasen, bei der Siedetemperatur niedrigsiedender verflüssigter Gase. Der Behälter soll Wärmeverluste aller Art, nämlich durch Strahlung, Leitung und Konvektion, möglichst niedrig halten.The invention relates to a thermally insulated container for the storage and transport of substances, in particular liquefied gases, in the Boiling temperature of low-boiling liquefied gases. The container is supposed to heat losses of all kinds, viz by radiation, conduction and convection, keep it as low as possible.

Für diesen Zweck sind Behälter bekannt, die aus einem inneren und einem äußeren Gefäß bestehen, welche durch einen evakuierten Zwischenraum voneinander getrennt sind.For this purpose, containers are known which consist of an inner and an outer vessel, which are separated from each other by an evacuated space.

Nach der französischen Patentschrift 1070 447 ist es ferner bekannt, in derartigen Behältern im evakuierten Zwischenraum Schichten aus dünnen wärmeisolierenden Fasern anzuordnen, wobei die Fasern im wesentlichen in Ebenen senkrecht zum Temperaturgradienten liegen. In dieser Veröffentlichung sind auch Untersuchungen darüber enthalten, welchen Einfluß die Durchmesser der wärmeisolierenden Fasern und die Höhe des Vakuums im evakuierten Zwischenraum auf die Güte der Isolierung haben. Nach der Entgegenhaltung kommt man zum Schluß, daß selbst bei Auswahl der optimalen Faserdurchmesser eine Erhöhung des Vakuums im evakuierten Zwischenraum unter einen Druck von etwa 25 Mikrön Quecksilbersäule keine Verbesserung der Isolierwirkung bringt. Die Fig. 6 der Entgegenhaltung zeigt deutlich diese Verhältnisse.According to the French patent specification 1070 447, it is also known in such containers in the evacuated Space layers of thin heat insulating fibers to be arranged, the fibers lie essentially in planes perpendicular to the temperature gradient. In this publication are also contain studies on the influence of the diameter of the heat-insulating fibers and the level of vacuum in the evacuated space on the quality of the insulation. According to the citation one comes to the conclusion that even with the selection of the optimal fiber diameter increasing the vacuum in the evacuated space to a pressure of about 25 microns Mercury column does not improve the insulating effect. Figure 6 of the citation clearly shows these relationships.

Es wurde nun überrachenderweise gefunden, daß eine Erniedrigung des Druckes im evakuierten Zwischenraum unter 25 Mikron Quecksilbersäule eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Isolierwirkung mit sich bringt, wenn man zwischen den einzelnen Schichten des Fasermaterials abwechselnd an sich bekannte, Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Metallfolien schichtenförmig um das innere Gefäß herum anordnet.It has now been found, surprisingly, that a lowering of the pressure in the evacuated space below 25 microns of mercury a significant improvement in the insulating effect brings, if you alternately known per se between the individual layers of the fiber material, Metal foils reflecting heat rays are arranged in layers around the inner vessel.

Die Doppelschichten aus dünnen wärmeisolierenden Fasern und Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Metallfolien können spiralig um das innere Gefäß gewunden sein. Vorzugsweise steht hierbei das innere Ende der spiralig gewundenen Doppelschicht mit der äußeren Oberfläche des inneren Gefäßes und ihr äußeres Ende mit der inneren Oberfläche des äußeren Gefäßes in Berührung.The double layers of thin heat-insulating fibers and metal foils reflecting heat rays can be spirally wound around the inner vessel. Preferably the inner one is here End of the spirally wound bilayer with the outer surface of the inner vessel and her outer end in contact with the inner surface of the outer vessel.

Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Metallfolien können aus verschiedenen Metallen, wie Zinn oder Metallegierungen bestehen. Gut bewährt haben sich Folien aus Aluminium. Die Folien können gegebenenfalls auch einen Überzug aus einem Metalloxyd, z. B. aus Aluminiumoxyd, haben. An Stelle einer Metallfolie kann auch eine Folie aus einem mit Metall beschichteten Kunststoff verwendet werden.The heat rays reflecting metal foils can be made of various metals, such as tin or Metal alloys exist. Foils made of aluminum have proven themselves well. The foils can optionally also a coating of a metal oxide, e.g. B. made of aluminum oxide. Instead of one Metal foil can also be a foil made of a plastic coated with metal.

Wärmeisolierter BehälterThermally insulated container

Anmelder:Applicant:

Union Carbide Corporation,Union Carbide Corporation,

New York, N. Y. (V. St. A.)New York, N.Y. (V. St. A.)

Vertreter:Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. H. Görtz, Patentanwalt,Dipl.-Ing. H. Görtz, patent attorney,

Frankfurt/M., Schneckenhofstr. 27Frankfurt / M., Schneckenhofstr. 27

Als Erfinder benannt:
Ladislas Charles Matsch,
Kenmore, N. Y. (V. St. A.)Named as inventor:
Ladislas Charles Matsch,
Kenmore, NY (V. St. A.)

Beanspruchte Priorität:Claimed priority:

V. St. v. Amerika vom 16. Juli 1956 (597 947) - -V. St. v. America July 16, 1956 (597 947) - -

Besonders geeignet sind solche Behälter, bei denen die wärmeisolierenden Schichten aus Glasfasern bestehen. Those containers in which the heat-insulating layers consist of glass fibers are particularly suitable.

Die Fasern, insbesondere Glasfasern in den wärmeisolierenden Schichten, können Durchmesser haben, die innerhalb eines weiten Bereiches schwanken, z. B. Durchmesser von 10 oder 50 Mikron. Besonders gute Isolierungen enthalten Schichten aus Glasfasern mit einem Durchmesser von 1 Mikron oder darunter.The fibers, in particular glass fibers in the heat-insulating layers, can have diameters that vary within a wide range, e.g. B. 10 or 50 micron diameter. Particularly good insulation contains layers of glass fibers with a diameter of 1 micron or below.

Die Dicke der Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Metallfolien kann ebenfalls innerhalb eines weiten Bereiches schwanken und z. B. zwischen 0,002 und 2 mm liegen.The thickness of the metal foils reflecting heat rays can also be within a wide range sway and z. B. between 0.002 and 2 mm.

Die als Isolierung dienenden Doppelschichten aus dünnen wärmeisolierenden Fasern und Metallfolien können verschieden dick und verschieden eng zusammengepackt sein. In der Regel sollen auf 1 cm etwa eine bis achtzig, vorzugsweise bis etwa vierzig solcher Schichten entfallen. Die Dicke und Anzahl der Isolierschichten hängen auch von den Abmessungen des Behälters ab. Für kleine Behälter mit einem Durchmesser unter 60 cm verwendet man eine Schicht mit einer Gesamtdicke von etwa 7,5 cm, wobei auf jeden Zentimeter etwa sechs Doppelschichten entfallen und der Durchmesser der Einzelfasern unter 1 Mikron liegt. Bei größeren Behältern können auch die Gesamtdicke der Isolierschicht und der Durchmesser der Einzelfasern höher sein. Vorzugsweise sollen die einzelnen Metallfolien nicht weiter alsThe double layers of thin heat-insulating fibers and metal foils that serve as insulation can be of different thicknesses and packed together differently. As a rule, 1 cm about one to eighty, preferably up to about forty, such layers are omitted. The thickness and number the insulating layers also depend on the dimensions of the container. For small containers with With a diameter of less than 60 cm, a layer with a total thickness of about 7.5 cm is used, whereby there are about six double layers for every centimeter and the diameter of the individual fibers is less than 1 micron. In the case of larger containers, the total thickness of the insulating layer and the The diameter of the individual fibers can be higher. The individual metal foils should preferably not be wider than

609 559/80609 559/80

I 214711I 214711

in einem Abstand von weniger als 5% des Durchmessers des inneren Gefäßes von dessen Außenwandung angeordnet sein.at a distance of less than 5% of the diameter of the inner vessel from its outer wall be arranged.

Der im evakuierten Zwischenraum herrschende Druck soll erfindungsgemäß unter 25 Mikron Quecksilbersäule liegen. Eine besonders gute Isolierwirkung wird aber erreicht, wenn der Druck noch erheblich darunter liegt, z. B. bei 1 Mikron oder 0,1 Mikron oder in einigen Fällen sogar bei 0,01 Mikron Quecksilbersäule. Gerade bei den tiefen Siedetemperaturen von niedrigsiedenden verflüssigten Gasen kann die Höhe des Vakuums von besonderer Bedeutung sein.According to the invention, the pressure prevailing in the evacuated space should be below 25 microns of mercury lie. A particularly good insulating effect is achieved if the pressure is still considerable is below, e.g. At 1 micron or 0.1 micron or in some cases even at 0.01 micron of mercury. Especially at the low boiling temperatures of low-boiling liquefied gases, the The level of vacuum may be of particular importance.

Die Zeichnung stellt beispielsweise einige Ausführungsformen der Erfindung dar.The drawing shows, for example, some embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen doppelwandigen wärmeisolierten Behälter mit parallelen innneren und äußeren Wänden 10 α und 10 b. Der zwischen diesen Wänden befindliche Zwischenraum 11 ist evakuiert. Innerhalb des Zwischenraums 11 ist das zusammengesetzte Isoliermaterial 12 nach der Erfindung angeordnet. Fig. 1 shows a double-walled thermally insulated container with parallel inner and outer walls 10 α and 10 b. The space 11 located between these walls is evacuated. The composite insulating material 12 according to the invention is arranged within the space 11.

Der Aufbau dieses Materials ist in Fi g. 2, 3, 4 und 5 gezeigt. Es besteht aus wärmeisolierenden Glasfaserschichten 13 und zwischen diesen Schichten angeordneten Metallfolien 14. Die Doppelschichten sind etwa parallel zur Wandung des inneren Behälters angeordnet. . - ,The structure of this material is in Fi g. 2, 3, 4 and 5 shown. It is made of heat insulating Glass fiber layers 13 and metal foils 14 arranged between these layers. The double layers are arranged approximately parallel to the wall of the inner container. . -,

F i g. 6 zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei welcher die beschriebenen Doppelschichten nur in dem Zwischenraum lla um die senkrecht verlaufenden Wände des inneren Behälters angeordnet sind. Am Kopfteil ist in dem Zwischenraum lifeF i g. 6 shows another embodiment of the invention in which the double layers described arranged only in the intermediate space 11a around the vertically extending walls of the inner container are. On the headboard there is life in the space in between

ίο zwischen dem inneren und dem äußeren Behälter ein anderes Isoliermaterial 16 vorgesehen, das z. B. aus einem feinen Pulver mit eingearbeiteten kleinen Teilchen von Wärmestrahlen reflektierendem Material besteht.ίο between the inner and outer container other insulating material 16 is provided which, for. B. from a fine powder with incorporated small particles consists of material reflecting heat rays.

Die nachstehende Tabelle 1 zeigt die gesamte thermische Leitfähigkeit von erfindungsgemäßem Isoliermaterial in einem bis auf einen Druck von 0,1 Mikron Quecksilbersäule evakuierten Zwischenraum bei verschiedenen Temperaturen der inneren und der äußeren Wandung. Zum Vergleich sind in diese Tabelle auch die Leitfähigkeiten von Isolierungen aufgenommen, die aus feinverteilter Kieselerde mit eingelagerten Aluminiumfolien bestanden.Table 1 below shows the total thermal conductivity of insulating material according to the invention in a space evacuated to 0.1 micron mercury pressure at different Temperatures of the inner and outer walls. This table provides a comparison the conductivities of insulation were also recorded, which consist of finely divided silica with embedded Aluminum foils passed.

TabelleTabel

Isoliermaterialinsulating material Wandtem]
O1
außenWandtem]
O 1
Outside aeraturen
innenaeratures
Inside Wärmeleitfähigkeit K
10« gkal/cm · Sek. ° CThermal conductivity K
10 «gcal / cm · sec. ° C Je Zentimeter 30 Glasfasermatten aus Fasern mit
0,2 bis 0,5 Mikron Durchmesser, dazwischen
30 Aluminiumfolien30 fiberglass mats made of fibers per centimeter
0.2 to 0.5 microns in diameter, in between
30 aluminum foils 49,1
20,049.1
20.0 -183,2
-183,2-183.2
-183.2 0,095
0,0810.095
0.081 Je Zentimeter 38 Glasfasermatten aus Fasern mit
0,5 bis 0,75 Mikron Durchmesser, dazwischen
19 Aluminiumfolien38 fiberglass mats made of fibers per centimeter
0.5 to 0.75 microns in diameter, in between
19 aluminum foils 49,5
20,049.5
20.0 -183,2
-183,2-183.2
-183.2 0,150'
0,1330.150 '
0.133 Je Zentimeter 3,7 Glasfasermatten aus Fasern mit
2,5 bis 3,8 Mikron Durchmesser, dazwischen
ebenso viele Aluminiumfolien3.7 fiberglass mats made of fibers with each centimeter
2.5 to 3.8 microns in diameter, in between
as many aluminum foils 22,022.0 -195,9-195.9 0,3100.310 Feinverteilte Kieselerde, dazwischen je Zentimeter
9,5 AluminiumfolienFinely divided silica, in between every centimeter
9.5 aluminum foils 47,0
21,547.0
21.5 -183,2
-183,2-183.2
-183.2 1,132
0,9991,132
0.999

Die Zahlen zeigen, daß die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Isoliermaterials geringer ist als die von anderem bisher als gut angesehenem Isoliermaterial. Die Zahlen zeigen ferner, daß die Wärmeleitfähigkeit mit der Abnahme der Durchmesser der Glasfasern ebenfalls abnimmt.The numbers show that the thermal conductivity of the insulating material according to the invention is less than that of other insulating material that has hitherto been regarded as good. The figures also show that the thermal conductivity with the decrease in the diameter of the Glass fibers also decreases.

Die Tabelle 2 zeigt die Abhängigkeit der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von dem im evakuierten Zwischenraum herrschenden Druck. Hierbei wurde ein Isoliermaterial verwendet, daß je Zentimeter 3,7 Glasfasermatten mit einem Faserdurchmesser von 2,5 bis 3,7 Mikron und ebenso viele abwechselnd mit den Glasfasermatten angeordnete Aluminiumfolien enthielt. Die Wandtemperatur innen betrug —195,9° C, außen 20° C. .Table 2 shows the dependence of the thermal conductivity on that in the evacuated space prevailing pressure. An insulating material was used that had 3.7 glass fiber mats per centimeter with a fiber diameter of 2.5 to 3.7 microns and as many alternating with the glass fiber mats contained arranged aluminum foils. The wall temperature inside was -195.9 ° C, outside 20 ° C.

60 Tabelle 2 60 Table 2

Druck
Mikron Hgpressure
Micron ed Wärmeleitfähigkeit K
10« gkal/cm · Sek. ° CThermal conductivity K
10 «gcal / cm · sec. ° C 0,1
7
250.1
7th
25th 0,310
0,409
0,6200.310
0.409
0.620

Diese Zahlen zeigen, daß es entgegen den bisherigen Anschauungen gelingt, durch Verbesserung des Vakuums im evakuierten Zwischenraum eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Isolierwirkung zu erreichen.These figures show that, contrary to previous beliefs, it is possible to improve the Vacuum in the evacuated space to achieve a significant improvement in the insulating effect.

Die Tabelle 3 zeigt beispielsweise die Unterschiede der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von bekannten Isolierungen und von Isolierungen nach der Erfindung.Table 3 shows, for example, the differences in the thermal conductivity of known insulation and of insulations according to the invention.

Tabelle 3Table 3

Isolierunginsulation

Feinverteiltes Pulver ., Finely divided powder. ,

Strahlungsschirme, die
mit Stegen an den
Wänden des evakuiertenZwischenraums
befestigt sind Radiation screens that
with bars on the
Walls of the evacuated space
are attached

Material nach der Erfindung Material according to the invention

Druckpressure

Mikronmicron

HgEd

0,10.1

0,010.01

0,10.1

Wärmeleitfähigkeit K
10»gkal/cm-Sek.°CThermal conductivity K
10 »gcal / cm-sec. ° C

3,803.80

0,785
0,0830.785
0.083

Auch diese Zahlen zeigen die Überlegenheit des erfindungsgemäßen Isoliermaterials.These figures also show the superiority of the insulating material according to the invention.

Claims (4)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Wärmeisolierter Behälter zur Speicherung und zum Transport von Stoffen, insbesondere von verflüssigten Gasen, bei der Siedetemperatut niedrigsiedender verflüssigter Gase mit einer inneren und einer äußeren Wand, die durch einen evakuierten Zwischenraum voneinander getrennt sind, welcher Schichten aus dünnen wärmeisolierenden Fasern enthält, die im wesentlichen in Ebenen senkrecht zum Temperaturgradienten liegen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an sich bekannte Metallfolien (14) abwechselnd mit den Faserschichten (13) um die innere Wand (10 α) herum angeordnet sind, wobei der Druck im Zwischenraum (11) weniger als 25 Mikron Quecksilbersäule beträgt.1. Heat-insulated container for storing and transporting substances, in particular of liquefied gases, at the boiling temperature of low-boiling liquefied gases with an internal and an outer wall separated by an evacuated space are, which contains layers of thin heat insulating fibers, which are essentially in Planes are perpendicular to the temperature gradient, characterized in that on known metal foils (14) alternate with the fiber layers (13) around the inner wall (10 α) are arranged around, the pressure in the space (11) being less than 25 microns Mercury is. 2. Wärmeisolierter Behälter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Doppelschichten aus Fasern (13) und Metallfolien (14) spiralig um die innere Wand (10 a) gewunden sind, wobei vorzugsweise das innere Ende der Doppelschicht mit der äußeren Oberfläche der inneren Wand (10 a) und ihr äußeres Ende mit der inneren Oberfläche der äußeren Wand (10 δ) in Berührung stehen.2. Heat-insulated container according to claim 1, characterized in that the double layers of fibers (13) and metal foils (14) are spirally wound around the inner wall (10 a), wherein preferably the inner end of the bilayer with the outer surface of the inner Wall (10 a) and its outer end with the inner surface of the outer wall (10 δ) in contact stand. 3. Wärmeisolierter Behälter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallfolien (14) aus einem metallbeschichteten Kunststoff bestehen.3. Heat-insulated container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal foils (14) consist of a metal-coated plastic. 4. Wärmeisolierter Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Faserschichten (13) aus Glasfasern bestehen.4. Heat-insulated container according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fiber layers (13) consist of glass fibers. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften:Considered publications: Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 371266, 382 355,
985, 548 030, 641395, 665 319, 833 052,
840786, 885 800;German patent specifications No. 371266, 382 355,
985, 548 030, 641395, 665 319, 833 052,
840786, 885,800; französische Patentschrift Nr. 1070 447.French patent specification No. 1070 447. Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen 1 sheet of drawings 609 559/80 4. 66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin609 559/80 4. 66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin
DEU4645A 1956-07-16 1957-07-16 Heat-insulated container Pending DE1214711B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1178908A (en) 1959-05-19
GB853585A (en) 1960-11-09
BE559232A (en)
US3007596A (en) 1961-11-07

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