CN86100979A - 疟疾疫苗的制备方法 - Google Patents
疟疾疫苗的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是将具有4或4以上镰状疟虫CS蛋白质衔接重复单位的多肽与药用合格载剂结合以制备保护人体及动物体不受镰状疟虫感染的疫苗的方法。
Description
疟疾是常见的重症,虽然多年已有广泛的研究,但却未开发其疫苗例如参见“科学”226卷679页(1984年11月9日)。就实验上而言,哺乳动物包括人类曾以经过光照之裂殖体免疫而保护对抗疟疾病原一疟原虫的感染。Clyde等人Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg.,24卷397页(1975)及Rieckman等人Bull,WHO,57卷(Supp.1)261页(1979)。及良田等人“科学”207卷71页(1980)报告:此种保护作用至少部分经由针对裂殖体表面上的蛋白质一裂殖体周围(CS)蛋白质其抗体所媒介。对抗CS蛋白质诱出的单源抗体可於活体外中和感染能力并於活体内保护动物。CS蛋白质在演化上显然可高度保留於种属内,但各种属间又有相当大差异。
已知有四种疟原虫可感染人体:镰状、间日、卵圆及四日疟原虫,后二者出现频度远为低。其它科学上感兴趣的种属有伯吉疟原虫(P.berghei)及诺里西疟原虫(P.knowlesi),而其宿主分别为啮齿类及猴类。
诺里西疟虫的CS蛋白质含有12个氨基酸序列的12个衔接重复段。Zavala等人J.Exp.Med.,157卷1947页(1983)报告:重复单位为诺里西疟虫的主要免疫原,是基于实验显示:对重复单位的单源抗体可阻止抗一裂殖体抗血清接近已溶解的裂殖体蛋白质。Gysin等人J.Exp.Med.,160卷935页(1984)报告代表诺里西疟虫CS蛋白质衔接重复单位合成的24残基肽可中和毒力裂殖体对猴类的咸染能力。
Colman等人WO84-2922-A(1984年8月2日出版)报告选殖诺里西疟虫CS蛋白质重复单位的部分编号区,及在大肠杆菌体内表现其β-内醯胺酶及β-半孔糖苷酶融合体。Nussenzweig等人美国4,466,917揭示称为P44蛋白质的裂殖体蛋白质及其在大肠杆菌体内的选殖及表现。
Enea等人Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA81卷7520页(1984)报告在西诺疟虫(P.cynomlolgi)CS蛋白质内有类似重复单位结构。
Kemp等人WO.84-02917-A揭示镰状疟虫c DNA在大肠杆菌体内之选殖及表现。
Dame等人“科学”,225卷593页(1984)报告镰状疟虫CS蛋白质在大肠杆菌体内的选殖及表现。蛋白质描述为包含约412氨基酸,分子量约为44,000;包含41个四肽衔接重复段-系从与针对CS蛋白质诱生的单源抗体结合的重复区衍生而得的合成的7-,11-及15-残基肽。
一方面,本发明为可赋予哺乳动物对抗镰状疟原虫感染的免疫能力的免疫原多肽,刨含镰状疟虫CS蛋白质4或4个以上衔接重复单位。
另一方面,本发明为保护人不受镰状疟原虫裂殖体感染的疫苗,包含免疫保护用量的本发明多肽及药用合格载剂。
附图的简单说明
图1a为携有CS蛋白质编码序列的镰状疟虫基因组DNA之一区的部分鉴识内核酸酶切割拼图。
图1b为pAS1部分鉴识内核酸酶切割拼图。
本发明的多肽包含4或多个在大肠杆菌体内产生的衔接CS蛋白质重复单位。非CS蛋白质,唯包含CS蛋白质的非重复单位部分。镰状疟虫重复单位为四肽,其序列如下:
天冬素(asn)-丙氨酸(ala)-asn-脯氨酸(pro)-。
本发明多肽内,可存在有四肽变化,规定不可对其抗体与镰状疟虫CS蛋白质的反应性有显著不良影响;举例来说,如Dame等人“科学”225卷593页(1984)所揭示者(并入本文以资参照),天然镰状疟虫CS蛋白质的41四肽重复段中,有37段为asn-ala-asn-pro及4段为asn-缬氨酸(val)-天冬酸(asp)-pro。比较好的是,本发明多肽中的四肽重复单位有超过半数为所谓的常见序列-asn-ala-asn-pro。
较好的是,本发明多肽包含约8重复段(即32个氨基酸),至多约148重复段;更好的是,多肽包含约16至112重复段。
本发明多肽可为具有非CS蛋白质重复单位序列的混成体,亦即融合多肽。此种非CS蛋白质重复序列可作为载剂分子而促进免疫原性,及有助於在重组微生物体内选殖及表现。另外,如此额外序列可携带有1个或多个亲和基而亲和其他裂殖体免疫原,其他疟原虫免疫原及/或其他非疟原虫免疫原。本发明特别排除其外者为无法以实用量在大肠杆菌体内安定地表现的CS蛋白质,及对镰状疟原虫免疫不需要CS蛋白质。
本发明各型多肽的特殊具体例例示於本文者有:
Rtet32多肽,包含至少4个重复段,而有来自pBR322抗四环素(tet R)基因的约32N端氨基酸融合至重复段的C端;
Rtet86多肽,包含至少4个重复段,而有tet R基因产物融合至重复段C端;
RNS1多肽,包含至少4个重复段,而有227NS1氨基酸融合至重复段C端;
NS1R多肽,包含至少4个重复段,而有81NS1N端氨基酸融合至重复段N端;
RG多肽,包含至少4个重复段,接著为-甘氨酸残基位在重复段的C端;
RLA多肽,包含至少4个重复段,接著为-白氨酸-精氨酸位在重复段C端;
RN多肽,包含至少4个重复段,接著为-asn-thr-val-ser-ser位在重复段C端。
CS蛋白质重复单位的遣传编码序列可藉已知技术获得。包括合成法,较好,从镰状疟虫藉著逆转录信使RNA而得,例如,由Ellis等人“自然”,302卷,536页(1983)所揭露者,或者直接选殖得自镰状疟原虫基因组DNA的完整基因,例如,Dame等人如前文摘述者而揭露。图中例示CS蛋白质编码区。镰状疟虫及其裂殖体可从受感染的人及蚊而得。
已经选殖所有或部份CS蛋白质的编码序列,则编码有所有或部份重复单位的次片段可藉已知技术制得。图1显示CS蛋白质基因内特选有用的鉴识址。较佳为XhoⅡ址。
以XhoⅡ切割可释放出16重复段编码序列如下:
N-asp-pro〔(asn-ala-asn-pro)15(asn-val-asp-pro)1〕nC.
式中n为1。使用取向适当的多重衔接XhoⅡ片段,可获得较长重复段,换言之,n大於1。
合成技术为咸知,可使用商业DNA合成机而完成;可合成合成的寡核苷酸,具有实质相同的氨酸字码子,并具有相同XhoⅡ端或在各端有不同切割址。此种合成寡核苷酸可与天然64字码子有差异,且可编码有相同氨基酸,或具有较少数目,较好的少於8左右,不同氨基酸的多肽规定对於多肽的免疫保护功效无显著不良影响者。举例来说,合成编码序列编码有常见序列(asn-ala-asn-pro-)n,其中n至少为4的整体编码。
多肽的编码序列可插入任何大肠杆菌媒介内,其中有许多为已知且可得。本发明多肽於大肠杆菌体内表现位准高-当有鉴於产物不寻常氨基酸组成时,此系出人意表者一约50%天冬素(asn),25%丙氨酸(ala)及25%脯氨酸(pro)。如下文进一步描述者,已经发现使用一种调节元体可将编码序列表现良好,调节元体包含λ的PL启动子及λ的cⅡ核醣体结合址,如同由质体pAS1所包含者,描述於Rosenberg等人,Meth,Enzym.,101卷,123页(1983)及Shatzman等人於“基因表现之实验操作”一书,M.Inouye编辑,学术印刷社,纽约,1982.p AS1携带有p BR322复制起点,安比西林抗药性标记子及一系列得自λ的片段,包括PL,N抗终结功能辨识址(Nut L及Nut R),rho-相关转录终结信号(t R1)及cⅡ核醣体结合址,包括cⅡ转译启始址,其G残基立即接有BamHⅠ切割址。p AS1可从p KC30cⅡ衍生而得,系删去位在p KC30cⅡ的c Ⅱ-p BR322接头的BamHⅠ址於cⅡATG中间的核苷酸,并将分子重新接合而再生恰位在ATG下游的BamHⅠ址。p KC30cⅡ之构成方式系将携带有cⅡ基因得自n之1.3kb HaeⅢ片段,插入p KC30的HpaⅠ址;参见Shatzman等人之上文及Rosenberg等人之上文。p KC30描述於Shimitake等人“自然”,292卷,128页(1981),为p BR322衍生物具有λ2.4kb HindⅢ-BamHⅠ片段,插於p BR322tet R基因的HindⅢ与BamHⅠ址中间。类似p AS1的构成体描述於Courtney等人“自然”,313卷,149页(1985)。p AS1以新增编号ATCC贮存於马里兰州,洛克维尔市,美国种型培养收集汇,系根据布达佩斯条款的规定。编码序列可操作联结,系在正确的取向且在合宜的解读框架内,经由标准技术联结至大肠杆菌表现媒介之调节元体而构成本发明之表现媒介。
如此表现之多肽利用标准蛋白质单离技术从生产培养液中单离并纯化,其中多种技术为技艺界所已知者。举列来说,有用的纯化方案包括:(1)破坏细胞;(2)澄清细胞碎屑;(3)从存在於澄清细胞萃液内的其他多肽中,分离本发明多肽;及(4)最终纯化而去除残余污染物,包括残余多肽,碳水化合物,核酸及/或脂多醣。
可完成第一步骤之方式例如有,加入溶菌酶或其他溶解或渗透剂,或者经由机械或超声波崩解。在离心或过滤澄清萃液之前,加入界面活性剂以保持本发明多肽呈溶液状态。
本发明一方面已发现某些本发明多肽可经由如下方式从其他多肽中有效地分离:将澄清萃液加热至约80℃,接著加入清洁剂而保持蛋白质溶解度。已发现加热至80℃至少约4分钟可造成几乎所有细菌多肽沉淀,而不使包含下列的多肽变性:实质重复段或重复段融合至其他非热可变性序列。变性细菌多肽可经离心制粒而去除。此程序可用以纯化Rtet32、RG、RLA及Rtet86多肽。尤其,此程序用以成功地纯化R16tet32、R32tet32、R48tet32、R64tet32、R48G、R32LA及R16tet86,如下实例所述;但加热R16NS1及R32NS1导致此等多肽沉淀。
本发明多肽可进一步纯化,例如加入选择性沉淀剂,接着为最终层析步骤,例如离子交换层析或逆相HPLC。
本发明疫苗中,本发明多肽水溶液较好缓冲於生理pH,可直接使用。另外,有或无事先冻乾的多肽可混合或吸附有任何各种已知佐药。此等佐药包括氢氧化铝,胞壁酰(muramyl)二肽及皂素如Quil A。进一步举例取代之道,多肽可包囊於微粒内如脂小体。又一另一举例用取代之道,多肽可接合至免疫刺激大分子,如杀死的鲍台氏菌(Bordetella)或破伤风类毒素。
疫苗制剂概括描述於“疫苗之新趋向及发展”Voller等人编辑,美国马里兰州,巴尔第摩,公园印刷大学1978。包囊於脂小体内,描述於,例如Fullerton,美国专利案4,235,877。蛋白质接合至大分子揭示於,例如,Likhite,美国专利案4,372,945及Armor等人,美国专利案4,474,757。Quil A的用途揭示於,例如Dalsgaard等人,Acta.Vet.Scand.,18卷,349页(1977)。
各疫苗剂量之内存在的多肽量可选择为可在典型接受疫苗者身上诱发免疫保护反应而无不良显著副作用者。此量依据所用特定多肽及疫苗是否经过辅佐而异。概括言之欲期各剂量包含1~1000ug多肽,较好10~200ug。特定疫苗之最适合量可由标准研究涉及观察抗体效价,及该人其他反应而确定。在最初注射之后,该个体较好约4周接受一次追加,接着只要有感染的危险存,在即每6个月重覆追加一次。
如下实例供例示,但并不限制本发明。CS蛋白质编码序列由James Weber,华特李德陆军研究所所提供,呈现2337bp EcoRⅠ片段(参见图1)属於λm PF1(Dame等人,上文)位於p UC8的EcoRⅠ址,标准大肠杆菌选殖媒介(例如可得自马里兰州,盖次堡贝斯拉研究所)。结果所形成的p UC8衍生物称之为p UC8纯株1。
实例1蛋白质衍生物
纯p UC8纯株1质体DNA(40ug)以鉴识内核酸酶StuⅠ及RsaⅠ(各酶为100单位)消化,系在400ul介质缓冲液内(50mM Tris,pH7.5,50mM NaCl,1mM二硫赤丝醇(DTT),10mM MgCl2)於37℃消化1.5小时。所得1216bp片段,编码有所有CS蛋白质(头18个氨基酸除外)於5%聚丙烯酰胺胶(PAGE上电泳而单离。表现媒介pAS1(10ug)以鉴识内核酸酶BamHⅠ(25单位)於200ul介质缓冲液内37℃消化1.5小时。然后切割质体,以DNA聚合酶大片段处理(Klenow,5单位;20mMTris-HCl pH7.5,7mM MgCl2,60mM NaCl,6mM2-氯硫乙醇及0.25mM四种去氧核苷酸三磷酸;25℃,15分钟)而终端填入BamHⅠ址。然后CS基因片段(1ug)接合入此媒介(100ng),系於30ul接合缓冲液(50mM Tris,pH7.5,1mM DTT,10mM MgCl2,100uM r ATP)以一单位T4-DNA接合酶於4℃经历16小时而完成。接合混合物转形入大肠杆菌菌株MM294 CI+内,安比西林抗药性菌落经获得,并筛检CS基因片段是否插入p ASl。具有正确构成之质体(p CSP)经辨别出转形入大肠杆菌菌株N5151(c Its857)内,并试验是否表现全长CS蛋白质切割信号肽)。细胞在32℃Luria-Bertani营养汁(LB)内生长至650nM吸光度(A650)为0.6,於42℃经温度诱发2小时而转为转录表现质体PL启动子,接着转译蛋白质的衍生物。细胞以1ml液分采样制例,重新悬浮於溶解缓冲液内(10mM Tris-HCl,pH7.8,25%(v/v)甘油,2%2-氢硫乙醇,2%硫酸十二烷酯钠(SDS),0.1%溴酚蓝)并於105℃加热段内培育5分钟。蛋白质由SDS-PAGE分离(13%丙烯醯胺,30∶0.8丙烯醯胺∶双-丙烯醯胺之比)。蛋白质转至硝基纤维素,大肠杆菌体内产生的CS蛋白质由西方吸渍法分析而侦检,使用5个单原抗体汇集物而与镰状疟虫CS蛋白质四肽重复领域具反应性者(Dame等人,前文)。
实例2 R16tet86
纯p UC8纯株1质体DNA(100ug)以鉴识内核酸酶XhoⅡ(40单位)於400ul介质缓冲液内37℃消化16小时。然后藉着PAGE单离出编码有CS蛋白质16个四肽重复段的192bp片段。表现媒介p AS1如例1所述,以鉴识内核酸酶BamⅡ切割。192bp XhoⅡ片段(1ug)如例1所述,接合至p AS1 BamHⅠ址(100ng)。接合混合物转形入大肠杆菌菌株MM294 CI+。鉴别出纯株含有经由聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析BamHⅠ-HindⅡ质体片段,而在p AS1 BamHⅠ址为正确取向的单一192bp XhoⅡ片段;HindⅡ址位在tet R基因下游,BamHⅠ址位在cⅡATG接头,位在取向正确的质体内。此质体p R16tet86例示於如下:
式中BH代表BaMHI址,B代表BanⅡ址,S为终结字码子。p R16tet86用以转形大肠杆菌菌株N5151(c Its857),并经由西方吸渍分析检查CS蛋白质四肽重复段之生长。如此产生之蛋白质序列如下:
N-met-asp-pro(asn-ala-asn-pro)15(asn-val-asp-pro)1T86-C
式中T86为从p AS1上存在之四环素抗药性基因衍生而得之86氨基酸。N端蛋氨酸(met)残基亦从媒介衍生而得,特定言之,从cⅡ蛋白质启始字码子而得。
实例2 A.R32tet86及R48tet86
纯p R16tet86质体DNA(10ug)以25单位BamHⅠ於200ul介质缓冲液内37℃消化2小时。然后100ng此DNA以如上述1ug19bp XhoⅡ片段接合。制得质体表现媒介p R32tet86及p R48tet86,编码有如下多肽并於大肠杆菌体内表现。
N-met-asp-pro[(asn-ala-asn-pro)15-(asn-val-asp-pro)1]n-T86-C
式中n为2(R32tet86)或n为3(R-48tet86)。n为2或3之p AS1纯株系从n非2或3之纯株如上述而选出。所有检查的纯株都具有取向正确的插子。R32tet86及R48tet86二者约在R16tet86相同位准表现,由免疫吸渍法所估计。
免疫吸渍分析若干Rtet86蛋白质显示一组异原产物无法由库马西亮蓝R-250染色所见证。此等蛋白质显然积聚至如下述Rtet32多肽之粗略半量。显然最小分级产物之大小与纯株内四肽重复段数目成比例。此等蛋白质的安定性归因于异原COOH-终端尾部之分解所致。
实例3.R16tet32
纯pR16tet86DNA(10ug)以25单位鉴识内核酸酶BanⅡ于200ul介质缓冲液内37℃切割2小时。然后100ng切割DNA接合封闭。如此操作可删去14bp BanⅡ片段,生成终结字码子恰好位在残余BanⅡ址之下游;所形成的质体pR16tet32用以在大肠杆菌菌株N5151内表现R16tet32从其中纯化。30g(湿重)含R16tet32的大肠杆菌再度悬浮于200ml缓冲液A内(50mMTris HCl,pH8.0,2mM次乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),0.1mM二硫赤丝醇,5%(v/v)甘油)。溶菌酶添加成终浓度0.2mg/ml,混液在冰上培育30分钟而溶解细胞。然后混合物在华宁掺合机内高设定之下处理3分钟,接着以布郎森350音振机音振1分钟以剪切细菌DNA。去氧氯酸钠加成最终浓度为0.1%(W/V),此混合物于4℃搅拌30分钟。然后悬浮液于12,000×g离心30分钟而去除细胞屑。上清液收集烧瓶内,在沸水浴中培育10分钟,于12,000×g离心30分钟。发现加热步骤中,几乎所有大肠杆菌蛋白质皆沉淀,在离心中,皆成粒,而R16tet32蛋白质可溶且含在上清液内。收集上清液,将硫酸铵徐缓加成最终浓度为20%饱和。如此导致选择性沉淀R16tet32蛋白质然后离心收集(12000×g)30分钟,此时,R16tet32蛋白质就其他污染细菌蛋白质而言,大约于95%纯度。
然后进行最终层析步骤(例如,离子交换,逆向高效液相层析,苯基西法糖层析,大小分离等)而去除其他物质例如蛋白质,碳水化合物,核酸或脂多醣的残余物污染。R16tet32以约略等于5%大肠杆菌总体蛋白质的位准表现及纯化,换言之,约30~60mg/L,如同库马西蓝染色所显示者。
R16tet32其序列如下:
N-met-asp-pro[(asn-ala-asn-pro)15(asn-val-asp-pro)1]nT32-C
式中n为,T32为从四环素抗药性基因衍生而得的32氨基酸。特定言之,T32其序列如下:
-leu-arg-arg-thr-his-arg-gly-arg-his-his-arg-arg-his-arg-cys-gly-cys-trp-arg-leu-tyr-arg-arg-his-his-arg-trp-gly-arg-ser-gly-ser-C
其余BanⅡ址位残基30及31之间。
实例3 A.R32tet32,R48tet32
实质如上实例3所述,R32tet32及R48tet32(R16tet32其中n分别为2及3者)在大肠杆菌体内表现并单离至如同R16tet32相同位准及程度之纯度。开始之媒介分别为pR32tet86及pR48tet86。
实例3 B.R64tet32,R80tet32
纯R48tet32质体DNA(10ug)以25单位BamH1于200ul介质缓冲液内37℃消化2小时。然后100ng此DNA与1ug192bp XhoⅡ片段如上述接合。制得如下多肽编码之质体表现媒介,并于大肠杆菌内表现。
N-met-asp-pro[(asn-ala-asn-pro)15(asn-val-asp-pro)1]n-T32-C
式中n为4(R64tet32)或n为5(R80tet32)。n为4或5之pAS1纯株如上述从n分别非4或5之纯株中选择出来。在如同R48tet32.R64tet32约略相同位准表现之R64tet32及R80tet32二者如上述以如同R16tet32,R32tet32及R48tet32之实质相同方式纯化。
实例3 C.R96tet32及R112tet32
实质如上实例3B所述,R96tet32及R112tet32(其中n分别为6及7)以如同R48tet32的约略相同位准在大肠杆菌体内表现。开始之媒介为pR80tet32。
虽然由免疫吸渍分析观察得纯Rtet32多肽中有若干不均匀,但是主要反应种类与蛋白质染色所见的带间有交互关系。SDA-PAGE观察所得的分子量约为预期的两倍。唯各种蛋白质迁移与各个构成体内四肽重复单位数目呈比例。若干Rtet32之多肽上氨基酸组成之测定与预期值一致。
实例4.R16G
p Term其制法系将如下序列的合成联结子:
5′-GATCCCGGGTGACTGACTGA -3′
3′- GGCCCACTGACTGACTCTAG-5′
插入p AS1 Bam HⅠ址。p AS1(10ug),以25单位Bam HⅠ消化。100ng Bam HⅠ切割p AS1与20ng合成联结子结合,质体p Term以一个联结子插入p AS1 Bam HⅠ址而鉴别出来。此媒介保有Bam HⅠ址,并导致TGA终结字码插入所有3个解读框架内,cⅡ蛋白质ATG启动字码子下游。
p R16G其制法系将得自p UC8纯株1的192bp XhoⅡ片段插入p Term Bam HⅠ址内,实质如前述选择出在适当取向具有单一XhoⅡ插子的纯株。
p R16G实质如上述在大肠杆菌菌株N5151内选殖及表现。
R16G具有如下序列:
N-met-asp-pro[(asn-ala-asn-pro)15-(asn-val-asp-pro)1]n-gly-C式中n为1。
因为此种蛋白质不含有任何芳香残基,故无法由库马西亮蓝R-250染色观察而定量表现位准。经由使用CS蛋白质特异性5单源抗体作免疫吸渍分析(Dam等人,前文)估计位准为约1%,总细胞蛋白质,与R16tet32比较,后者由库马西亮蓝R-250染色可以观察。
实例4 A.R32G,R48G,R64G,R80G及R112G
R32G,R48G,R64G,R80G及R112G(R16G其中n分别为2,3,4,5或7)如上例4所述在大肠杆菌菌株N5151内表现。多状以如同R16G之相同位准表现。R48G实质如例3所述纯化。
实例5.R16LA及R32LA
PTerm2其制法系将具有如下序列的合成联结子:
5′-GATCCGCTGCGTT -3′
3′- GCGACGCAACTAG-5′
插入p AS1 Bam HⅠ址1,实质如例4所述。p Term2保有BamHⅠ址。得自p UC8纯株1的192bp XhoⅡ片段如上述插入。分别具有1或2个适当取向XhoⅡ插子的纯株p R16LA及p R32LA实质如前述选出。R32LA实质如例3所述纯化。
p R16LA及p R32LA实质如前述在大肠杆菌菌株N5151内选殖及表现。
R16LA及R32LA具有如下序列:
N-met-asp-pro[(asn-ala-asn-pro)15(asn-val-asp-pro)1]n-leu-arg-C
式中n分别为1及2。C端白胺酸及精胺酸系从p Term2合成联结子衍生而得。R16LA以占大肠杆菌总蛋白质约1%而表现,而R32LA占总细胞蛋白质约5%而表现。
实例6. R16NS1
p AS1△EH其制法系从p AS1中删去PBR322来源之非必要Eco RⅠ-HindⅡ区。10ug p AS1以Eco RⅠ及HindⅢ(各20单位)在200ul介质缓冲液内切割,以DNA聚合酶(Klenow)处理,接合封闭并实质如上述转形入大肠杆菌体内。鉴别出删去29bp Eco RⅠ-HindⅢ片段的纯株。p APR801之1236bp Bam HⅠ片段(杨氏等人;Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.美国,80卷,6105页(1983))在861bp病毒来源及375bp p BR322来源之内含有流行性感冒病毒(A/p R/8/34)NS1编码区者插入p AS1△EH之Bam HⅠ址。所得之质体p AS1△EH/801可表现真实NS1(230氨基酸)。此质体在cⅡ转译开始址与NS1编码序列中间保有Bam HⅠ址。
p AS1△EH/801(10ug)以Eco RⅠ(20单位)及SalⅠ(20单位)於200ul高缓冲液(50mM Tris-HCl,pH7.5 1mM DTT,10mM MgCl2,100mM NaCl)37℃切割2小时,以DNA聚合酶大片段(Klenow)处理,接合封闭,实质如上述。单离出已删去650bp Eco RⅠ-SalⅠ区之纯株。此质体p NS1△ES可表现真实NS1。
p R16NS1的制法系将得自p UC8纯株1的192bp XhoⅡ片段插入p NS1△ES的Bam HⅠ址,具有适当取向单一XhoⅡ插子的纯株实质如前述选择。
p R16NS1在大肠杆菌体内选殖及表现,R16NS1实质如上述纯化,但删去沸腾步骤。
R16NS1具有如下序列:
N-met-asp-pro[(asn-ala-asn-pro)15(asn-val-asp-pro)1]n-N227
式中n为1,N227为NS1来源之227胺基酸。
在R16NS1制品中之R16NS1估计包含大於80%蛋白质,而不含沸腾或离子交换步骤。R16NS1代表出乎意料之高比例,约为25%总细胞蛋白质。
实例6 A.R32NS1,R48NS1及R64NS1
R32NS1(R16NS1其中n为2)在大肠杆菌体内表现及纯化,实质如此例3所述,但删去沸腾步骤。R32NS1以约略如同R16NS1的位准表现,并纯化至约略相同程度。
R48NS1(R16NS1其中n为3)及R64NS1(R16NS1其中n为4)者实质如上述于大肠杆菌体内表现。R48NS1及R64NS1分别以点总大肠杆菌蛋白质约10%及5%表现。
实例7. NS1 R48
p R48tet68以BamHⅠ切割,实质如上述终端填有DNA聚合酶(Klenow)。然后质体如上述以BanⅡ切割而放出携带有3 XhoⅡ片段及得自四环素抗药性基因96bp之672bp片段。
10ug p AS1△EH/801以NcoⅠ(20单位)于200ul高缓冲液内于37℃切割2小时,实质如上述终端填有DNA聚合酶大片段(Klenow)。NcoⅠ址位在NS1残基81字码子内。然后质体如上述以BanⅡ切割而删去其余NSⅠ字码子,及部份四环表抗药性基因而产生p AS1△EH/801-1。
672bp,BamHⅠ(端填充)-BanⅡ片段插入p AS1△EH/801-1内而制得p NS1 R48。此质体实质如上述在大肠杆菌体内表现。NS1 R48具有如下序列:
N-81N-asp-pro[(asn-ala-asn-pro)15(asn-val-asp-pro1]nT32-C
式中81N为NS181N端胺基酸,n为3,T32如上述。NS1 R48表现呈总细胞蛋白质之约5%。
实例8. R32N
10ug p R32N S1以HindⅢ(25单位)于200ul介质缓冲液内37℃切割2小时,实质如上述端填有DNA聚合酶而产生p R32N S1-1。HindⅢ址位在NS1编码区残基5字码子内。然后p R32NS1-1(100ng)实质如上述接合封闭。所形成之质体现在含有TAA终结字码子在NS1编码序列第15字码了之后。p R32N实质如前述在大肠杆菌体内表现R32N。
R32N具有如下序列:
N-met-asp-pro〔(asn-ala-asn-pro)15-(asn-val-asp-pro)1〕n-N5-C
式中n为2,N5为从NS1基因衍生得5胺基酸。特定言之,N5具有如下序列:
-asn-thr-val-ser-ser-C
R32N以占大肠杆菌总蛋白质约5%而表现。
实例9.抗体反应-ELISA
重组蛋白质之R16tet32R32tet32及R48tet32实质如上述纯化,对著0.01M磷酸盐缓冲盐水,pH7.0(PBS)渗析,取出一部份贮存于-80℃。构成体与PBS,氢氧化铝(矾土)或完整佛兰氏佐药(CFA)混合而得0.5ml剂量含有50ug蛋白质。CFA(纽约州,大岛城,GIBCO公司)加上抗原于PBS以1∶1的比例在机械旋转机上搅拌30分钟而乳化。矾土从美国专利氢氧化铝胶在PBS内稀释而成。抗原在旋转混合机内吸收至4℃矾土中12小时。令悬浮液又静置12小时,抛弃足量上清液而得0.80mg Al及50ug重组蛋白质/每剂量。6至8周。C57B1/6鼠合计皮下及腹膜注射以50ug蛋白质免疫(每组5头)。在初次免疫之后4周追加接种,皆遵照第一次注射之相同剂量,唯接受免疫源于CFA之该组追加有蛋白质乳化于不完全佛兰氏佐药(IFA)内。一周后,尾部放血所得的全血经汇集于4℃凝块过夜,离心而分离血清。血清贮存于-80℃至需要时为止。
酵素联结的免疫吸附检测法(ELISA)用以测试所有血清是否有能力与包含镰状疟虫CS蛋白质(asn-ala-asn-pro)4 4之4重复段16氨基酸合成肽反应,Dame等人(科学,225卷,593页(1984)。合成肽抗源偶合至牛血清白蛋白(BSA)用以涂覆微效价平板之凹槽。50ul(0.1ug)筛检抗原以0.01M磷酸盐缓冲盐水,pH7.4(PBS)稀释,吸量入聚苯乙烯微效价平板凹槽内(维吉尼亚州,亚历山大市,Immunlon 2 Dynatech实验室)于室温(约22℃)(RT)维持过夜然后吸出凹槽内含物,填有阻断缓冲液(BB=1.0%BSA,0.5%酪蛋白,0.005%乙基汞硫水杨酸钠(thimersol)及0.0005%酚红于PBS)于室温保持1小时。鼠血清于BB内一系列稀释,50ul加入各凹槽内。室温培育2小时后,吸出凹槽内容物,以PBS-0.05%Tween20(PBS-TW20(内洗3次,50ul焊菜过氧化酶接合至山羊抗鼠IgG(H+L)(加州利吉蒙市,拜雷实验室)以10%热钝化人血清于PBS稀释1/500加入各凹槽内。1小时后,吸出凹槽内容物,以PBS-TW20洗3次,然后150ul基质〔1mg2,2′-嗪基-2-(3-乙基-苯噻唑啉磺酸-6)/ml 0.1M柠檬酸盐磷酸盐缓冲液,PH4.0,在用前立即加入0.005%过氧化氢〕加入各凹槽内。1小时后以ELISA平板阅读机(维尼亚州,麦林市,流动实验室,Titer ekMultiskan)测定414nm的吸光度。R16tet32,R32tet32及R48tet32构成体皆可生产单独给药时可于ELISA.R16tet32反应之抗体,而与R32tet32及R48tet32比较时,免疫原性质不良。矾土及CFA皆促进所有3种蛋白质的免疫原性,抗体在至少一检品中以102,000之效价侦检。
实例10.抗体反应-IFA
得自实例9的抗血清显示可与真实镰状疟虫CS蛋白质强力反应,在间接免疫萤光抗体检测(IFA)中试验。未检测得对诺里西疟虫,西诺疟虫,间日疟虫及鸡疟虫的反应性。对伯吉疟虫观察得抗血清对R32tet之略为反应性。如此观察与Hockmeyer等人在Proc第3届国际免疫蛋白肽会议Atassi,M.Z.编辑,纽约州拜南城(印刷物)之前述资料一致,显示镰状疟虫之若干Mabs,可由IFA与伯吉疟虫裂殖体反应。
裂殖体从感染蚊的唾腺切割处,实质如Bosworth,寄生虫杂志,61卷,769页(1975)所述,于盐水或含有0.5%BSA的介质199(GIBCO)内稀释,使用血球剂计算并稀释至每10ul有2,000-5,000裂殖体。10ul液份敷于多凹槽印刷IFA薄片各凹槽内,于室温风干,贮存于-80℃。
IFA之开始为将20ul体积血清以BB稀释1/100,平敷于含有干燥裂殖体IFA玻璃片凹槽上。在潮湿室室温培育20分钟后,吸出血清溶液,各个点以2滴PBS洗涤。20ul液份山羊抗鼠抗体接合至萤光束异硫氰酸酯(Kirkegard及Perry公司,马里兰州盖兹堡)以BB稀释1∶40,然后加入各点中。第2次培育20分钟(于室温)各点再度以2滴PBS洗涤,在于甘油上在500倍放大紫外光之下检查萤光。
实例11. CSP反应
从R16tet32,R32tet32,及R48tet32免疫鼠所得之血清,可产生强烈CSP阳性反应(表1)。当不含佐药给药时,仅有R16tet\无法产生,可得阳性CSP反应的抗体,而当与CFA或矾土一起给药时,3种构成体皆可诱出抗体,产生强烈CSP反应。
表1.抗血清的CSP反应性R16tet32,R32tet32及R48tet32
抗血清
佐药 R16tet32R32tet32R48tet32
无 0/25(-) 17/25(2+) 21/25(4+)
CFA 23/25(4+) 21/25(4+) 21/25(4+)
矾土 25/25(4+) 25/25/(4+) 16/27(2+-4+)
CSP反应实质如同Vanderberg等人,Mil,Med,134卷(补充1),1183页(1969)所述而进行。5微升含有500-1,000镰状疟虫唾腺裂殖体再度悬浮于介质199,与5ul血清在显微镜玻璃片上混合,在盖玻片上以凡士林将边缘封密,于37℃培育1小时。由相对比显微镜以400倍放大而评估反应。对各个血清样品检查25随机裂殖体,捐出CSP阳性生物体数目。如同Vanderberg等人(前文)所述的CSP反应性程度示于括弧内。A(-)表示无可侦检的CSP反应性;(2+)表示裂殖体表面出现颗粒状沉淀;(4+)代表出现长的线状纤丝位在裂殖体一端。正常鼠血清及得自仅以CFA免疫鼠血清在平行检测中皆未产生可侦检的CSP反应性。
实例12肝细胞阻碍
得自如上例9的血清在活体外抑制侵入检测(表2)而检查。资料显示R32tet32及R48tet32蛋白质可诱生抗体,甚至在佐药不存在之下皆具有强烈阻碍活性。R16tet32在诱生强烈阻碍抗体上较无效,但吸附至矾土时除外。此种观察与由R16tet32蛋白质所诱生的抗血清观察得到的CSP反应性差及ELISA效价低符合一致。表2.活体外抑制镰状疟虫裂殖体入侵HepG2-A16肝瘤细胞
抗血清
佐药 R16 R32 R48
无 46 95 92
CFA 76 92 94
矾土 100 100 96
裂殖体入侵培养中细胞的抑制,实质如前述进行Hollingdale等人,J.Immunol.32卷,909页(1984)。以R16tet32,R32tet32,及R48tet32构成体免疫鼠所得到的血清,试验期抑制镰状疟虫裂殖体入侵培养细胞的能力。血清在培养介质内稀释,加入HepG2-A16细胞培养物内,得到最终稀释度1∶20(V/V)。然后培养液接受12,000至40,000蚊唾腺镰状疟虫裂殖体,并于37℃5%CO2蒙气下培育3小时,以Dulbecco磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤,固定于甲醇内以PBS清洗2次。
进入细胞的裂殖体由免疫过氧化酶抗体检测(IPA)可见(Hollingdale等人,前文)。IPA进行方式首先以对镰状疟虫之Mad(2F1.1)参见Dame等人,前文)处理固定培养物,接着与接合有蔊菜过氧化酶兔抗鼠免疫球蛋白一起培育,并以3,3-二胺基联苯胺染色。侵入培养细胞的裂殖体数系在雷茨(Leitz)显微镜250倍放大以暗蓝色滤片计算整体制品内存在的细胞内寄生虫而测定。实验重复2次或3次,实验中各个细胞培养物接受等数目裂殖体。抑制能力为(抗构成体免疫血清)比较(正常鼠血清对照组)可减少裂殖体入侵的百分率,对照组之CS反应性Mab 2F1.1在1/20稀释度可得100%抑制裂殖体入侵。
实质如上述制备的重组蛋白质RLA,R16NS1及R32NS1经由ELISA及IFA检测法类似地试验,同样显示可诱发抗体,可与16残基合成肽反应者,并得阳性CSP反应。以R32tet32及R32LA较佳,因为其相当均匀的表现位准及容易制备。
任何合成产生的疫苗中,主要感兴趣者为对合成免疫原所产生的抗体是否可辨别真实分子,以及抗体是否具有保护所需的生物性质。实验显示免疫萤光检测及CSP反应皆验证对大肠杆菌构成体所产生的抗体皆可与裂殖体表面反应如此辨认真实CS蛋白质。存在有CSP抗体在动物及人皆显示于保护免疫性有重大关联,抗构成体抗体于活体外显然可抑制裂殖体入侵人肝瘤细胞的事实有意义。Hollingdale等人上文显示对镰状疟虫及间日疟虫之Mabs以及从人对此疟疾种属免疫,所得的多元血清皆可阻断裂殖体的入侵。如此在活体外阻断裂殖体入侵考虑为保护性抗体的检测法。因而,资料集体验证入侵疫苗可用以保护人类不受镰状疟虫裂殖体的感染。
由ELISA效价表面反应性(如IFA及CSP所示)及阻断裂殖体入侵而评估得对此等重组蛋白质的免疫反应可因使用完全佛兰氏佐药或矾土而促进。完全佛兰氏佐药未曾用于人类,因为会造成发烧,产生粒状瘤,导致结核菌素过敏。矾土近来用作疫苗的佐药,例如白喉及破伤风类毒素,及一种最新疫苗-B型肝炎。已证实用于人类有功效且安全时间长。
实例13.疫苗之制备
疫苗例示性的制备如下。3%氢氧化铝的缓冲水溶液(10mM磷酸钠,150mMNaCl,pH6.8;过滤灭菌)中以搅拌加入本发明多肽于类似缓冲液内,至终浓度为100ug/ml多肽及1.0mg/ml铝(Al3+\。pH维持6.6。混合物于0℃静置过夜。乙基汞硫水杨酸钠(Thimersol)加至终浓度0.005%。检查pH,若有所需,调整至6.8。
虽然如上完整地描述本发明及其所有较佳具体实例,但需了解本发明不限于特定描述之具体实例,而系含括落于如下权利要求范围内的所有修饰例。
Claims (10)
1、制造多肽的方法,这种多肽可用于疫苗中,以保护人体不受镰状疟虫感染;本法包含将所有或部份镰状疟虫CS蛋白质重复单位的编码序列插入大肠杆菌表现媒介内,令编码序列可操作地联结至调节元件,培养经转形的大肠杆菌因而产生多肽,并由其中纯化多肽。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中该重复单位或部份重复单位的编码序列为CS蛋白质编码序列之XhoⅡ-XhoⅡ区域其衔接重复本。
3、按照权利要求1所述的方法,包含将至少4衔接重复单位的编码序列插入表现媒介内。
4、按照权利要求3所述的方法,包含插入16至148衔接重复单位的编码序列。
5、按照权利要求4所述的方法,其中该多肽的编码序列可为Rtet32多肽,Rtet86多肽,RNS1多肽,NS1R多肽,RG多肽,RLA多肽,或RN多肽。
6、按照权利要求4所述的方法,其中该多肽的编码序列可为:
R16tet86R32G
R32tet86R48G
R48tet86R64G
R16tet32R80G
R32tet32R112G
R48tet32R16LA
R64tet32R32LA
R80tet32R16NNS1
R96tet32R32NS1
R112tet32R48NS1
R16G R64NS1
7、按照权利要求4所述的方法,其中该多肽为R32tet32或R32LA。
8、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中该调节元件包含PL启动子及cⅡ核醣结合址,包含cⅡ转译起始址。
9、按照权利要求8所述的方法,其中该调节元件为p AS-1之调节元件。
10、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中该多肽的纯化方式是将清洁剂加入大肠杆菌转形体的细胞萃液内,加热萃液以沉淀细菌性蛋白质,继而复藉标准蛋白质纯化技术自上清液中纯化多肽。
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GR860351B (en) | 1986-06-05 |
JPS61181387A (ja) | 1986-08-14 |
DE3687071T2 (de) | 1993-03-25 |
EG17878A (en) | 1991-06-30 |
JPH0698005B2 (ja) | 1994-12-07 |
IL77788A0 (en) | 1986-07-31 |
ES551656A0 (es) | 1987-04-16 |
DK62486A (da) | 1986-08-08 |
AU603054B2 (en) | 1990-11-08 |
PT81967A (en) | 1986-03-01 |
ES8704975A1 (es) | 1987-04-16 |
MY102249A (en) | 1992-05-15 |
HUT40917A (en) | 1987-03-30 |
YU18186A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
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