Rotary loosening integrated tillage machine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil preparation machines and tools, and particularly relates to a rotary loosening integrated tillage machine and tool.
Background
At present, shallow rotary tillage is the most used tillage technology in the process of agricultural land preparation, but long-term rotary tillage causes the thickness of a soil plough layer to be thinner and a plough bottom layer to move upwards, so that the root growth of crops and the utilization of nutrient and moisture resources are limited. For this reason, deep scarification cultivation techniques have been proposed and popularized. The deep scarification cultivation can break the plough bottom layer, improve the soil moisture infiltration rate, enlarge the soil moisture storage capacity and promote the root system of the crops to be pricked down, thereby improving the crop yield. However, the deep scarification operation has large resistance, so that the energy consumption of the deep scarification operation is 2-4 times higher than that of a common harvesting machine; meanwhile, after single subsoiling operation, the ground is uneven, the soil ridges, the soil ditches and the soil blocks are large, tillage and soil preparation are usually completed by subsoiling and rotary tillage twice, and time and energy are consumed.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN 108668612 a discloses a stubble-cleaning, subsoiling, fertilizing and tilling combined machine, which comprises a frame, wherein a central reversing reduction gear box is arranged on the frame, a stubble-cleaning device is arranged below the front of the frame, a rotary tillage device is arranged on the frame at the rear of the stubble-cleaning device, a subsoiling shovel is arranged on the frame between the stubble-cleaning device and the rotary tillage device, a fertilizing mechanism is arranged above the frame, and a compacting and depth-limiting roller is hinged at the rear of the frame; the central reversing reduction gear box is provided with two-stage output shafts of an upper output shaft and a lower output shaft, the upper output shaft is linked with the stubble cleaning device through the side transmission gear box, the lower output shaft is linked with the rotary tillage device, and the pressing depth-limiting roller is linked with the fertilizing mechanism. The invention integrates the operation procedures of stubble cleaning, deep scarification, rotary tillage, fertilization, soil suppression and the like into a whole, has high production efficiency, is suitable for carrying out compound operation on the soil with the stubble left before sowing, and avoids the rolling of the tractor on the field soil caused by multiple ground feeding operations of the machine. However, the total energy required by the design of the deep scarification before rotary tillage and after rotary tillage is the sum of the rotary tillage and the deep scarification, and the energy consumption is large; the adopted common deep scarification plough has relatively low scarification degree and relatively poor soil crushing quality; the stubble cleaning device is limited by other parts and can only clean stubble once, the crushing quality of stubble straw is poor, the machine is easy to block in the using process, an ideal seeding state is difficult to achieve (the conventional operation is stubble cleaning for 2 times), and the seed germination rate is reduced due to the fact that too large straw is returned to the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a rotary-loosening integrated tillage machine which can effectively reduce the resistance of deep loosening tillage, and can complete two soil preparation operations of deep loosening and rotary tillage at one time, so that the soil is loosened and finely crushed, the surface is smooth, the soil and the fertilizer are uniformly mixed to reach a state to be sowed, the tillage efficiency can be improved, the energy consumption can be saved, the times of the machine entering the ground can be reduced, and the soil compaction degree can be reduced.
The technical scheme is as follows: a rotary loosening integrated tillage machine, the power source is a tractor, including rotary cultivator attachment, deep loosening apparatus and soil breaking and clearing device, the said rotary cultivator attachment includes rotary cultivator, change-speed gear box and stander, the said rotary cultivator includes rotary cultivator organism, rotary blade shaft and rotary blade, the rotary blade shaft and rotary cultivator organism bottom rotate and connect, the rotary blade is evenly distributed on the external surface of rotary blade shaft, the rotary blade does not contact with rotary cultivator organism when the rotary blade shaft rotates, the bottom of rotary blade is used for the deep soil loosening, the said change-speed gear box locates the upper surface of rotary cultivator, the input shaft of the change-speed gear box is connected with engine of the tractor, the output shaft is linked with rotary blade shaft, the rotational speed used for controlling the rotary blade shaft of the rotary cultivator, one end of the said stander is connected with upper surface of rotary cultivator, another end is connected with the tractor, the stander is used for towing the rotary cultivator;
the subsoiler comprises a rotary cultivator, a subsoiler body and a subsoiler body, wherein the subsoiler body comprises at least four groups of subsoiler connecting arms and subsoilers which correspond one to one, the at least four groups of subsoiler connecting arms are uniformly distributed at the tail end of the rotary cultivator, the top of each subsoiler is movably connected with the corresponding subsoiler connecting arm, and the bottom of each subsoiler is used for deeply loosening soil;
the device of clearing up hack includes hack roller and hack roller connecting piece, the hack roller includes cage form roll stand and a plurality of groups cylinder, two circular terminal surfaces of cage form roll stand are sealed, a plurality of groups cylinder axial evenly distributed are described roll stand surface in the cage, and every cylinder both ends are described roll stand two circular terminal surfaces with the cage and are rotated and be connected, and every cylinder includes a plurality of groups hack tooth, a plurality of groups hack tooth are crisscross to be welded in cylinder surface, and the hack roller passes through hack roller connecting piece and rotary cultivator organism afterbody both sides swing joint, the similar thorn iron cage of hack roller shape.
Preferably, the soil crushing roller connecting piece comprises two groups of connecting pulley blocks and corresponding pulley hinges which are axially symmetrically distributed, one group of the connecting pulley blocks comprises two pulleys, one pulley is arranged on one side of the soil crushing roller, the other pulley is arranged on one side of the rotary cultivator body, the same group of the pulleys is arranged on the same side, and the two ends of the corresponding pulley hinges are movably connected with the two pulleys on the same side respectively.
Preferably, the subsoiler is a curved surface subsoiler, and the curved surface of the blade tip is bent forwards by 15-30 degrees.
Preferably, the subsoiler connecting arm is two axisymmetric depth-adjustable lifting lugs, and the subsoiler is embedded between the two lifting lugs when connected with the subsoiler connecting arm.
Preferably, a plurality of groups of bolt holes with the same aperture are uniformly distributed in the vertical direction of the lifting lugs, the bolt holes with the same aperture are formed in the top of the subsoiler, and the subsoiler is hinged with the two axially symmetric lifting lugs through bolts.
Preferably, the soil crushing teeth are rhombic.
Has the advantages that: 1. according to the rotary tillage device, on one hand, the upper layer of soil is smashed to reduce the resistance of the soil to the subsoiling shovel, on the other hand, a forward traction force is provided for the subsoiling device, and compared with an integrated machine which is used for subsoiling, rotary tillage or subsoiling before and after rotary tillage, energy consumption can be saved, and tests show that the harder the soil, the more the energy consumption is saved.
2. The subsoiling shovel at the lower part of the subsoiling device imitates a subsoiling plough to incline inwards by 15-30 degrees, and the soil loosening degree is larger than that of a vertical soil-entering type subsoiling shovel, and meanwhile, lower soil cannot be overturned to the surface layer, low-fertility bottom soil cannot be brought to the surface layer, and the growth of crops in the season is influenced.
3. The tail soil crushing and flattening device can perform secondary crushing and pressing on soil after deep scarification and rotary tillage operation, so that the ground is finely crushed and flattened, and sowing and plant seedling growth are facilitated.
4. The whole machine of the invention can complete the operations of deep scarification and rotary tillage at one time, thus reducing the time and energy consumption for tillage and soil preparation, reducing the times of mechanical soil feeding and reducing the soil compaction.
5. The machine has high soil breaking quality, large tillage depth and uniform soil and fertilizer mixing, is beneficial to soil moisture infiltration and maintenance, and can improve the crop yield by 7-11%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the loosening and tilling implement;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the integrated unscrewing tool of the present invention;
the numerical designations in the drawings represent the following: 1. a rotary cultivator; 2. a deep scarification device; 3. a soil crushing roller; 4. a gearbox; 5. a rotary tillage blade; 6. a rotary tillage cutter shaft; 7. a subsoiling shovel; 8. soil crushing teeth; 9. a cylindrical drum; 10. a pulley; 11. a pulley hinge; 12. subsoiler linking arm.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A rotary-loosening integrated tillage machine, the power source is a tractor, see figure 1 and figure 2, and comprises a rotary tillage device, a deep-loosening device 2 and a soil-breaking and leveling device, the rotary tillage device comprises a rotary cultivator 1, a gearbox 4 and a frame, the rotary cultivator 1 comprises a rotary cultivator body, a rotary cultivation blade shaft 6 and a rotary cultivation blade 5, the rotary cultivation blade shaft 6 is rotatably connected with the bottom of the rotary cultivator body, the rotary cultivation blade 5 is uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the rotary cultivation blade shaft, the rotary cultivation blade 5 is not contacted with the rotary cultivator body when the rotary cultivation blade shaft 6 rotates, the bottom of the rotary cultivation blade 5 is used for deeply loosening soil, energy consumption is saved for the whole machine, the rotary direction of the rotary cultivation blade shaft is always forward, resistance borne by part of the rotary cultivation blade is converted into power of the deep-loosening device 2, the whole machine is enabled to generate a forward traction force, the gearbox 4 is arranged on the upper surface of the rotary cultivator 1, and an input shaft of the gearbox 4 is connected with a tractor engine, the output shaft links with rotary tillage arbor 6 for the rotational speed of control rotary tillage arbor 6, the control gearbox 4 of operator's accessible tractor throttle and then change the rotational speed of rotary tillage blade 5 in order to abolish hard soil layer, frame one end and 1 upper surface connections of rotary cultivator, the other end is connected with the tractor, and the frame is used for pulling rotary cultivator 1.
Subsoiler 2 includes subsoiler linking arm 12 and subsoiler 7 of four group one-to-one, four group subsoiler linking arm 12 evenly distributed are in 1 tail end of rotary cultivator, subsoiler 7 top and subsoiler linking arm 12 swing joint, and subsoiler 7 bottom is used for the soil that loosens deeply.
The clear flat device of hack includes hack roller 3 and hack roller connecting piece, hack roller 3 includes cage form roll rack and a plurality of groups cylinder 9, two circular terminal surfaces of cage form roll rack are sealed, a plurality of groups cylinder 9 axial evenly distributed are described roll rack surface in the cage, and every cylinder 9 both ends are described roll rack two circular terminal surfaces with the cage and are rotated and be connected, and every cylinder 9 includes a plurality of groups hack tooth 8, a plurality of groups hack tooth 8 are crisscross to be welded in cylinder 9 surface, can improve the hack quality, and hack roller 3 passes through hack roller connecting piece and rotary cultivator organism afterbody both sides swing joint.
The rotary tillage device is arranged in front of the subsoiling device 2, and rotary tillage operation is firstly carried out to break the upper soil layer, so that the obstruction of the soil layer on subsoiling cultivation is eliminated, and the resistance can be reduced by about half.
The working principle of the unscrewing and loosening integrated tillage machine is as follows:
when the subsoiler works, the frame is connected with a high-horsepower tractor, an input shaft of a gearbox 4 is connected with a tractor engine, power is transmitted to a rotary tillage blade 5 through the gearbox 4, the rotary tillage blade 5 rotates rapidly to cut surface soil and generate forward traction force, the traction force of the high-horsepower tractor and the rotary tillage blade 5 generate the forward traction force to jointly drag the subsoiler 2, the subsoiler 7 of the subsoiler 2 cuts and loosens the soil deeply, the right broken soil teeth 8 of large soil blocks generated after rotary tillage and subsoiling are crushed for the second time, the soil blocks entering the cage-shaped soil crushing rollers 3 are crushed for the third time, and furrows generated by farming are leveled by the soil crushing rollers 3 to achieve a state suitable for sowing.
Example 2
The difference is that, like embodiment 1, the hack roller connecting piece includes two sets of axisymmetrically distributed's connecting pulley group and the pulley hinge 11 that corresponds, and a set of connecting pulley group includes two pulleys 10, and a pulley is located hack roller 3 one side, and another pulley is located rotary cultivator body one side, and same one set of pulley is located with one side, and its both ends that correspond pulley hinge 11 respectively with the pulley swing joint of two homonymies. The subsoiler 7 is a curved surface subsoiler, and the arc-shaped curved surface of the shovel tip is bent forward by 15-30 degrees. Subsoiler linking arm 12 is two axisymmetric adjustable lugs of depth, and subsoiler 7 is embedded in the middle of two lugs when being connected with subsoiler linking arm 12. The vertical direction evenly distributed of lug a plurality of bolt holes that the aperture is the same, subsoiler 7 top is equipped with the bolt hole in same aperture, and subsoiler 7 is articulated with two axisymmetric lugs through the bolt, and the regulation of the subsoiling degree of depth is according to agricultural soil preparation needs height-adjusting after-fixing. The soil crushing teeth 8 are diamond-shaped, so that the soil crushing quality is improved conveniently.
Application example 1
In 10 months in 2019, the applicant applies the all-in-one rotary-pine tillage machine to the moisture soil to plant winter wheat, wherein the rotary-pine depth is 50 cm, 10-12 mu of cultivation is carried out per hour, the average oil consumption per hour is 25 liters and is about 20 yuan/mu, and the crop yield is increased by 9.03-11.35%. The local conventional farming is rotary tillage twice, and the cost is about 12 yuan/mu.
Application example 2
In 10 months 2019, the applicant applies the rotary-loosening integrated tillage machine to the hard sand ginger black soil to plant winter wheat in Unionidae, Anhui province, wherein the rotary-loosening depth is 30-40 cm, the rotary-loosening depth is 1 time of 15 cm higher than that of conventional rotary tillage, the comprehensive cost is 100 yuan/mu, and the wheat yield is improved by 7.13%. The conventional local cultivation is carried out by deep ploughing and rotary tillage twice, and the cost is 109 yuan/mu.
The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and any obvious alternative is within the scope of the present invention without departing from the inventive concept thereof.