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CN213811330U - 一种lng制备液氢的装置 - Google Patents

一种lng制备液氢的装置 Download PDF

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CN213811330U
CN213811330U CN202022694964.4U CN202022694964U CN213811330U CN 213811330 U CN213811330 U CN 213811330U CN 202022694964 U CN202022694964 U CN 202022694964U CN 213811330 U CN213811330 U CN 213811330U
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hydrogen
lng
natural gas
cooler
liquefier
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王秀林
李又武
张瑜
侯海龙
张丹
宋鹏飞
姚辉超
穆祥宇
隋依言
王斯
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
CNOOC Gas and Power Group Co Ltd
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CNOOC Gas and Power Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种LNG制备液氢的装置。所述装置包括LNG升温单元、天然气转换单元和氢气液化单元；LNG升温单元包括依次连接的LNG换热器和LNG汽化器；天然气转换单元包括依次连接的天然气转化器、天然气变换器和变压吸附器；LNG汽化器与天然气转化器连通；氢气液化单元包括氢气冷却器和氢气液化器；氢气冷却器的氢气入口与变压吸附器的富氢气体出口连通，氢气冷却器的氢气出口与氢气液化器连通，氢气液化器的出口得到液氢；氢气冷却器和LNG汽化器均与氮气或混合冷剂进行换热；LNG换热器和氢气液化器均与He/Ne混合物进行换热。本实用新型将LNG气化工艺与氢气液化工艺能量相互利用，所采用的设备可靠，提高氢气的制备成本和液化成本，经济效益显著。

Description

一种LNG制备液氢的装置
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种LNG制备液氢的装置。
背景技术
氢能是公认的清洁能源，因具有高能量密度以及零碳排放等优点被认为是未来最有潜力的化石燃料替代者，其被看作是以氢燃料电池汽车为代表的移动能源领域的“终极方案”，绿色的氢气也可以作为化石资源加氢过程的氢气来源，实现碳的减排。预计到2020年氢能将以产业链示范为主，到2030年氢能产业链(包括制氢、氢储运、加氢站、燃料电池车、分布式能源等)将初具规模，建设加氢站1000座，到2050年国内氢能基础设施完善，氢能和燃料电池在交通、分布式能源等领域得到普及应用，建设加氢站10000座，氢能成为我国能源结构的重要组成部分。。
由于燃料电池技术的重大突破和成本的迅速降低，近几年全球氢能产业快速发展，世界主要国家相继出台氢能产业发展战略，对氢能各产业链环节有针对性发布国家型的补贴政策。目前，影响氢能产业发展的关键因素是氢气的价格，氢气价格决定氢气利用的经济性，进而决定了整个产业的经济性和可行性。氢能产业包括制氢、氢气储运和氢气利用三个主要环节，其中高效制氢技术和降低氢气运行成本是实现氢能产业发展的关键。
发明内容
针对氢气液化能耗高、液氢制造成本的问题，本实用新型提供了一种LNG制备液氢的装置，利用LNG冷能进行氢气液化，得到的氢气浓度大于99.9％；本实用新型将LNG气化工艺和氢气液化工艺能量相互利用，工艺简单、自动化程度高、操作方便，能够很好地解决氢气液化能耗的问题。
具体地，本实用新型所提供的LNG制备液氢的装置，包括LNG升温单元、天然气转换单元和氢气液化单元；
所述LNG升温单元包括依次连接的LNG换热器和LNG汽化器；
所述天然气转换单元包括依次连接的天然气转化器、天然气变换器和变压吸附器；所述LNG汽化器与所述天然气转化器连通；
所述氢气液化单元包括氢气冷却器和氢气液化器；所述氢气冷却器的氢气入口与所述变压吸附器的富氢气体出口连通，所述氢气冷却器的氢气出口与所述氢气液化器连通，所述氢气液化器的出口得到液氢；
所述氢气冷却器和所述LNG汽化器均与氮气或混合冷剂进行换热，所述混合冷剂可为N2、C2H4和CH4的混合气，浓度分别为10％～90％、5％～50％和5％～40％；
所述LNG换热器和所述氢气液化器均与He/Ne混合物进行换热；
所述He/Ne混合物中Ne的浓度范围可为5％～30％。
所述LNG升温单元中，所述LNG换热器的入口端连接LNG增压泵，以将低温LNG增压至0.3～10MPaG；
在所述LNG升温单元，经过与氮气或混合冷剂进行换热，LNG升温至-100～0℃。
所述天然气转换单元中，所述天然气转化器的入口端连接燃烧炉，以将天然气加热至600℃～1000℃；
所述天然气转换单元制得的富氢气体中氢气的浓度大于99.9％。
所述氢气液化单元中，所述氢气冷却器的氢气入口端依次连接冷却器、气体缓冲罐和压缩机；
所述氢气液化单元中，氮气或混合冷剂增压至0.5～5MPAG后与LNG换热被冷却至-180～10℃，经冷却后的氮气或混合冷剂节流后与氢气换热后继续增压而循环使用。
所述氢气液化单元中，He/Ne混合物增压后与低温LNG换热后进行冷却，冷却后的He/Ne混合物节流至0.1～2MPaG后，与氢气换热，将氢气冷却至-254℃～-170℃，压力为0.02～4MPAG。
本实用新型装置直接将LNG气化工艺与氢气液化工艺能量相互利用，制备的液氢可方便进行运输和利用，提高氢气的运输消耗和氢气经济性，本实用新型装置自动化程度高，所采用的设备可靠，提高氢气的制备成本和液化成本，经济效益显著。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型LNG制液氢的装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本实用新型做进一步说明，但本实用新型并不局限于以下实施例。
如图1所示，按照制备液氢的过程说明本实用新型装置的结构：
1、LNG储罐V100内的LNG经LNG增压泵P-100增压后的LNG(7.0MPaG)，进入LNG换热器E-100中与He/Ne混合物换热，然后进入LNG汽化器LNG-100与氮气或低温冷剂进行换热(物流2-4-5-6)。
2、升温后的天然气经燃烧炉E-101加热到820℃后进入天然气转化器GBR-100(物流6-7-9)。
3、天然气分别通过转化器GBR-100、变换器GBR-101和变压吸附器X-100提浓后，制备氢气浓度大于99.9％的富氢气体混合物(物流9-10-12-14)。
4、富氢气体混合物经冷却器E-102冷却后，经气体缓冲罐V-101缓冲，压缩机K-100增压(3.0MPaG)后，在氢气冷却器LNG-101冷却(物流14-16-17-10-20)。
5、氢气冷却器LNG-101出口的氢气进入氢气液化器LNG-102中与He/Ne混合物(Ne的浓度为40％)换热冷却，冷却温度-248℃(物流20-21)，经节流阀节流后，制备液氢(物流21-22)。

Claims (4)

1.一种LNG制备液氢的装置，其特征在于：所述装置包括LNG升温单元、天然气转换单元和氢气液化单元；
所述LNG升温单元包括依次连接的LNG换热器和LNG汽化器；
所述天然气转换单元包括依次连接的天然气转化器、天然气变换器和变压吸附器；所述LNG汽化器与所述天然气转化器连通；
所述氢气液化单元包括氢气冷却器和氢气液化器；所述氢气冷却器的氢气入口与所述变压吸附器的富氢气体出口连通，所述氢气冷却器的氢气出口与所述氢气液化器连通，所述氢气液化器的出口得到液氢；
所述氢气冷却器和所述LNG汽化器均与氮气或混合冷剂进行换热；
所述LNG换热器和所述氢气液化器均与He/Ne混合物进行换热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述LNG升温单元中，所述LNG换热器的入口端连接LNG增压泵。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于：所述天然气转换单元中，所述天然气转化器的入口端连接燃烧炉。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于：所述氢气液化单元中，所述氢气冷却器的氢气入口端依次连接冷却器、气体缓冲罐和压缩机。
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