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CN110487023B - 一种利用lng冷能生产液氮的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用lng冷能生产液氮的方法 Download PDF

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CN110487023B
CN110487023B CN201910739821.XA CN201910739821A CN110487023B CN 110487023 B CN110487023 B CN 110487023B CN 201910739821 A CN201910739821 A CN 201910739821A CN 110487023 B CN110487023 B CN 110487023B
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liquid nitrogen
nitrogen
lng
sent
heat exchanger
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CN110487023A (zh
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王军辉
施俊丰
张菁菁
彭荣梅
杨荣
周雯
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Yingde Gas Engineering Zhejiang Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

一种利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法，该方法是：LNG经过液体泵压缩后送入换热器与氮气换热，复热至较低温度后送入BOG压缩机增压最终送入NG管网，来自管网或循环压缩机的氮气分为两股：一股先经过膨胀机增压端增压冷却，然后进入主换热器中冷却至一定温度后抽出至膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的氮气经过复热至常温后再次进入膨胀机增压端增压冷却，并返回液化器中的主换热器冷却，待降低至一定温度后中抽送入膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的低压氮气回换热器复热，在出冷箱后直接放空或送入氮气循环压缩机循环；一股直接送入换热器与LNG换热，冷却至目标温度并冷凝成液氮后，液氮分为二部分：其一液氮节流至低压后送入过冷器中对液氮进行过冷，蒸发后的低压液氮经主换热器复热放空或回循环氮气压缩机循环；其二经过过冷的液氮直接节流送入液氮贮槽。

Description

一种利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法，主要适用于将空气及液氮进行液化，生产诸如液氮等液体产品，属于低温空气分离技术领域。
背景技术
随着国家能源结构调整及节能减排政策的实施，采用更加高效清洁的能源来代替传统能源已经大力开展。天然气作为清洁能源之一，因其能量密度高，使用便利，污染小，其消费量越来越大。根据国家的经济发展趋势，以及相关的法律和政策，今后我国天然气需求潜力仍将进一步扩大。通过近十几年的发展，目前国内天然气供应已形成多气源供应格局，已经基本形成了较为完整的LNG产业链，近些年特别在LNG接收站方面发展十分迅猛，LNG进口量快速增长，年均增长52％。
天然气在大气压下冷却至约一162℃时，由气态转变成液态，即LNG。LNG是一种无色透明液体，主要成分为甲烷，LNG体积约为同质量标准气态天然气体积的l／625，密度为450kg／nf，具有能源储存率高、占地少、投资省的特点。LNG包含30%的高品位冷能，随着LNG规模的不断扩大，其LNG蕴含冷能的充分利用具有极其重大的经济价值及社会意义。
当前国内外LNG冷能利用主要依靠空气分离、轻烃分离、低温发电、海水淡化、二氧化碳捕集、废旧橡胶低温粉碎、制冷等。其中LNG冷能与低温空气分离技术的冷能品质最为接近，是公认的较好方式，如合理的利用可以大幅度的降低空分装置液体产品（液氮等）的生产能耗，可以大幅度降低液氮、液氧等低温液体产品的成本。
专利ZL200810121860.5提出了一种由低温氮气循环机、氮气透平压缩机、天然气换热器、高温增压透平膨胀机、低温增压透平膨胀机、汽液分离器以及液氮过冷器组成液氮生产装置与方法，生产1kg液氮的电消耗仅为0.24kwh。方法中所述的方法及装置虽然具有较高的LNG冷能利用效率，但因压缩机、增压机等都采用低温进气方式，导致技术远不够成熟，且设备成本极其昂贵。
专利ZL201410616943.7提出了一种回收利用LNG 冷能的氮气液化系统，该系统采用一台氮气循环压缩机旨在提供一种结构简单，冷能利用率高，可降低氮气压缩机压力等级和换热器压力等级，节约能耗的氮气液化系统。该系统设备简单，技术成熟可靠，但在实际应用中存在LNG冷能利用率低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种技术成熟，设备便宜，而且LNG冷能利用率极高的利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的， 一种利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法，该方法是：LNG经过液体泵压缩后送入换热器与氮气换热，复热至较低温度后送入BOG压缩机增压最终送入NG管网，来自管网或循环压缩机的氮气分为两股：一股先经过膨胀机增压端增压冷却，然后进入主换热器中冷却至一定温度后抽出至膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的氮气经过复热至常温后再次进入膨胀机增压端增压冷却，并返回液化器中的主换热器冷却，待降低至一定温度后中抽送入膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的低压氮气回换热器复热，在出冷箱后直接放空或送入氮气循环压缩机循环；一股直接送入换热器与LNG换热，冷却至目标温度并冷凝成液氮后，液氮分为二部分：其一液氮节流至低压后送入过冷器中对液氮进行过冷，蒸发后的低压液氮经主换热器复热放空或回循环氮气压缩机循环；其二经过过冷的液氮直接节流送入液氮贮槽。
本发明利用低温BOG压缩机对低温NG进行压缩，确保LNG的冷能品质，大幅度得BOG压缩机电耗。
本发明利用高、低温膨胀机的增压膨胀串联，使得换热器换热温差合理最大限度提高LNG冷能利用效率，且能自适应LNG组分变化的能力，使变工况效率大幅提高；
本发明利用常规产品氮气压缩机作为循环压缩机，避免了昂贵且可靠性差的低温氮气离心压缩机的使用，使设备投资大幅度降低，可靠性大幅度提高；
本发明利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法中，其生产获得液氮单位能耗较优为0.3kwh/Nm3，比常规液化装置生产的液氮单位能耗低50%以上；本发明的方法不仅大幅降低了液氮单位能耗，而且能够大幅度降低设备投资，提高设备可靠性。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述，一种利用LNG生产液氮的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作详细的说明，本发明所述的一种利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法，该方法是：LNG经过液体泵压缩后送入换热器与氮气换热，复热至较低温度后送入BOG压缩机增压最终送入NG管网，来自管网或循环压缩机的氮气分为两股：一股先经过膨胀机增压端增压冷却，然后进入主换热器中冷却至一定温度后抽出至膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的氮气经过复热至常温后再次进入膨胀机增压端增压冷却，并返回液化器中的主换热器冷却，待降低至一定温度后中抽送入膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的低压氮气回换热器复热，在出冷箱后直接放空或送入氮气循环压缩机循环；一股直接送入换热器与LNG换热，冷却至目标温度并冷凝成液氮后，液氮分为二部分：其一液氮节流至低压后送入过冷器中对液氮进行过冷，蒸发后的低压液氮经主换热器复热放空或回循环氮气压缩机循环；其二经过过冷的液氮直接节流送入液氮贮槽。
本发明配置了低温BOG压缩机，LNG泵压缩后送入液化冷箱中的主换热器复热，复热至温度范围0—-130℃低温后送入BOG压缩机压缩，并最终送入NG管网；当LNG流量较大导致冷量较多时，降低NG送入BOG压缩机的温度以降低BOG压缩机的消耗，同时降低氮气压缩机及膨胀机的负荷，以降低液氮单位能耗。
本发明配置了常规产品氮气压缩机及高低温膨胀机，且膨胀机流程为串联式的增压、膨胀、增压、膨胀，其各机组的负荷调节是根据LNG冷量是否充足确定，如流量或组分变化导致的LNG冷量充足，则可以适当降低各个机组的负荷，以降低液氮单位能耗，反之LNG冷量不足，则应加大各个机组负荷以补充液氮产品的冷量。
所述的方法中，低温BOG压缩机入口温度范围是20~-130℃，较优值为-40℃，具体根据LNG的冷量进行匹配；入口压力范围是1-3bar，较优值为1.6bar；排气压力根据终端用气情况匹配；
所述的方法中，循环氮气压缩机的排气压力范围为24-30bar，较优值为27bar，入口压力及排气量根据LNG冷量及液体产量匹配；
所述的方法中，高低温膨胀机各级压力、温度及流量根据LNG冷量及液体产量进行匹配；
所述的方法中，LNG组分、流量发生变化时，通过调整膨胀机、氮压机参数进行匹配，变化较大时可以通过开停膨胀机进行公开调节。
实施例：图1所示，本发明所述的一种利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法，该方法是：LNG经过液体泵P1压缩至1.6bar后送入换热器与氮气换热，复热至较低温度约-40摄氏度后送入BOG压缩机增压最终送入NG管网。来自管网或循环压缩机压力为27bar的氮气分为两股：一股01先经过膨胀机增压端增压冷却，然后进入主换热器中冷却至一定温度后抽出至膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的氮气经过复热至常温后再次进入膨胀机增压端增压冷却，并返回液化器中的主换热器冷却，待降低至一定温度后中抽送入膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的低压氮气回换热器复热，在出冷箱后直接放空或送入氮气循环压缩机循环；一股02直接送入换热器与LNG换热，冷却至目标温度并冷凝成液氮后，液氮分为二部分：其一04液氮节流至低压后送入过冷器中对液氮进行过冷，蒸发后的低压液氮经主换热器复热放空或回循环氮气压缩机循环；其二03经过过冷的液氮直接节流送入液氮贮槽。
所述的方法中，如LNG流量变化导致冷量充足，则适当降低低温BOG压缩机入口温度，反之则适当提高BOG压缩机的入口温度；如LNG组分变化导致冷量充足，则只能适当降低氮气压缩机及膨胀机组的负荷，反之则需要增加对应负荷。
所述的方法中，采用的循环氮气压缩机入口温度为常温，必须确保入口温度在0℃以上，保证装置安全；氮气压缩机的出口压力可以适当调整；如工况发生较大变化时，可以适当的开停高、低温膨胀机以适应工况变化。

Claims (3)

1.一种利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法，其特征在于该方法是：LNG经过液体泵压缩后送入换热器与氮气换热，复热后送入BOG压缩机增压最终送入NG管网，来自管网或循环压缩机的氮气分为两股：一股先经过膨胀机增压端增压冷却，然后进入主换热器中冷却至一定温度后抽出至膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的氮气经过复热至常温后再次进入膨胀机增压端增压冷却，并返回液化器中的主换热器冷却，待降低至一定温度后中抽送入膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后的低压氮气回换热器复热，在出冷箱后直接放空或送入氮气循环压缩机循环；一股直接送入换热器与LNG换热，冷却至目标温度并冷凝成液氮后，液氮分为二部分：其一液氮节流至低压后送入过冷器中对液氮进行过冷，蒸发后的低压液氮经主换热器复热放空或回循环氮气压缩机循环；其二经过过冷的液氮直接节流送入液氮贮槽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法，其特征在于：配置了低温BOG压缩机，LNG泵压缩后送入液化冷箱中的主换热器复热，复热后送入BOG压缩机压缩，并最终送入NG管网；当LNG流量较大导致冷量较多时，降低NG送入BOG压缩机的温度以降低BOG压缩机的消耗，同时降低氮气压缩机及膨胀机的负荷，以降低液氮单位能耗。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用LNG冷能生产液氮的方法，其特征在于：配置了常规产品氮气压缩机及高低温膨胀机，且膨胀机流程为串联式的增压、膨胀、增压、膨胀，其各机组的负荷调节是根据LNG冷量是否充足确定，如流量或组分变化导致的LNG冷量充足，则适当降低各个机组的负荷，以降低液氮单位能耗，反之LNG冷量不足，则应加大各个机组负荷以补充液氮产品的冷量。
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