CN210168584U - A kind of double-layer arched cultivation greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a double-layered arched cultivation greenhouse, comprising: a greenhouse, which covers the planting ground, and is provided with a plurality of planting ridges; The arch shed includes an arch shed support and a covering film, the arch shed support is arranged in the middle of the planting ridge, the covering film covers the support, and a drip irrigation tape is laid in the arch shed; wherein, the two sides of the arch shed are Plant growing area. The double-layer arched cultivation greenhouse of the utility model can cultivate the main part of vegetable plants in the greenhouse, can reduce water vapor transpiration, maintain soil moisture, and has the advantages of convenient agricultural operation, moderate cost, and wide application of crops. Conducive to plant development and pest control.

Description

Double-deck cultivation big-arch shelter that encircles

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fruit vegetables field of planting, in particular to double-deck canopy cultivation big-arch shelter.

Background

In southern areas of China, the phenomena of frequent disease, deformed fruits, large-area fruit cracking and the like are easily caused when vegetables meet rainy weather in flowering, pollination, fruit setting and fruit ripening seasons, and the product quality and the economic benefit are seriously influenced. The utilization of the greenhouse is particularly important for vegetable planting. The equipment involved in the cultivation of existing vegetable facilities generally comprises a combination of 2 parts, namely a 'shed' and a 'frame'. The combination of the shed and the frame is very important for the growth, development, yield and the like of plants.

A double-layer arched shed melon and vegetable cultivation frame and vegetable greenhouse for reducing humidity in the greenhouse are vegetable cultivation greenhouses with two layers of arched sheds. The outer greenhouse is covered by a facility plastic film, so that the influence of rainfall, pests and the like on the growth and fructification of vegetables can be prevented, heat preservation and moisture preservation can be realized, and the greenhouse is a common cultivation mode.

The traditional facility vegetable greenhouse in the south has a general structure that the upper part is covered by a transparent plastic greenhouse, the middle part is provided with a herringbone frame or a rope hanging vine, and the lower part is provided with soil ridging. The cultivation method has the following defects for the current production: firstly, when the drip irrigation is carried out in the shed, water easily flows from the ridges to the space between the two ridges, so that inconvenience is brought to the operation of farm works; secondly, the effluent moisture is easy to evaporate at high temperature, but because the greenhouse film above is covered, the water vapor is gathered in the greenhouse, so that the high-temperature high-humidity state is caused, and diseases are easily induced; and thirdly, vegetable production belongs to shallow root system cultivation, and poor root system development is easily caused by direct sunlight irradiating soil at high temperature in summer. And fourthly, when a drip irrigation system is adopted in the greenhouse, water, medicaments or nutrients for drip irrigation directly enter the soil, so that unevenness is easily caused, and the phenomenon of seedling burning easily occurs at some positions away from the root system.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information constitutes prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a double-layer arched shed cultivation greenhouse, thereby overcoming the defects that the greenhouse is planted and the high-temperature and high-humidity state of the environment in the greenhouse is easy to induce diseases; and uneven irrigation.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a double-deck canopy cultivation big-arch shelter, include: the greenhouse covers the planting ground, and a plurality of planting ridges are arranged in the greenhouse; the arched sheds are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the planting ridges and comprise arched shed supports and covering films, the arched shed supports are arranged in the middle of the planting ridges, the covering films cover the supports, and drip irrigation belts are laid in the arched sheds; wherein, the both sides of arched shed are plant growing area.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the planting ridges include planting grooves, the planting grooves are filled with planting soil or/and a planting substrate, and the edges of the planting grooves are higher than the road surface.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the bottom and the side walls of the cultivation trough are covered with a film.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the drip hole of the drip irrigation tape faces upward.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the coating film is a silver gray film.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the plant planting area is correspondingly provided with a plurality of vine hanging ropes, and the vine hanging ropes are fixedly arranged on the greenhouse.

A method for cultivating vegetables, the cultivation method uses any one of the above double-layer arched shed cultivation greenhouse to cultivate; the kinds of vegetables include: balsam pear, segmented melon, towel gourd, bottle gourd, pumpkin, cucumber, tomato, cowpea, melon, watermelon, etc.

A cultivation method of balsam pear, the cultivation method uses any one of the above-mentioned double-deck arched shed to cultivate the greenhouse and cultivate; the method comprises the following steps:

(1) seed treatment: placing fructus Momordicae Charantiae seed in 25-30 deg.C water for 10-30min, taking out, placing in 3 times of 50-60 deg.C water, stirring for 5-10min, soaking for 6-8 hr, taking out soaked seed, wrapping with wet towel, placing in 30-33 deg.C environment for accelerating germination, and keeping seed wet during accelerating germination;

(2) seedling raising and seedling exercising;

(3) planting: before field planting, soil or a culture medium on planting ridges is leveled and finely crushed, a base fertilizer is applied, melon seedlings are transplanted when 4-5 true leaves exist, and the melon seedlings are planted on two sides of an arched shed;

(4) field management: when the melon seedlings grow to 55-65cm, leading vines through the vine leading ropes, and when the plants reach more than 1.5m, knocking off lateral branches of the plants at 80cm and below; in the early stage of melon bearing, after first melon is harvested, all leaves of a plant with the length of less than 50cm are removed; in the full-bearing period, abnormal melons, diseased melons, insect melons, diseased leaves, old leaves and delicate lateral branches are removed in time;

(5) topdressing and moisture content: adopting a drip irrigation belt in an arched shed for water and fertilizer management, harvesting bitter gourds for a period of time, and then applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer, wherein the soil humidity is 80-90% during the plant growth period;

(6) managing plant diseases and insect pests;

(7) and (6) harvesting.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the seedling raising and training in step (2) includes:

a. mixing seedling substrate and pesticide bactericide, stirring, covering with film for 2-3d, lifting film, loading the substrate into seedling tray, spraying water on the seedling substrate one day before sowing, and covering with 0.3-1cm thick substrate;

b. seedling stage management: keeping the seedling raising plug tray moist, and placing the seedling raising plug tray in a seedling raising arched shed during seedling raising; when seedlings are raised in summer and autumn, a sunshade net with the concentration of 75 percent is covered above the seedling raising plug tray; in winter and spring seedling raising, lighting equipment is used for supplementing light; if the plants are found not to be robust in the later stage of seedling culture, applying compound fertilizer aqueous solution or spraying 400-500 times of amino acid liquid fertilizer on the leaf surfaces;

c. seedling exercising: and when 65-75% of seedlings emerge, removing the covering on the seedling raising tunnel.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the applying a base fertilizer in step (3) includes: 1500 + 3000kg/667m of decomposed organic fertilizer applied as base fertilizer²10-15kg/667m of high-concentration compound fertilizer²20-25kg/667m calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer²；

When the lateral branches of the plants are removed in the step (4), a lateral bud is reserved at the root of the plant beside the seedling lack, and the lateral bud is guided to the seedling lack position after the lateral bud grows into a vine;

in the step (5) of water and fertilizer management, after two weeks of harvesting, every 667m²Applying 15kg of urea high-concentration compound fertilizer 15 kg; spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaf surface after each harvest; after cold exposure, 300-400 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed in time.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

(1) the utility model discloses a double-deck canopy cultivation big-arch shelter is equipped with arched shed at the planting ridge middle part in the cultivation big-arch shelter, and outer big-arch shelter both can prevent rainfall, cooling etc. to vegetable growth and durable influence, can keep warm again and moisturize. The outer layer of the greenhouse film can effectively gather water vapor, so that the transpiration water vapor is condensed into drops and strands to leave the greenhouse edge. And the inner layer arched shed combines a facility water and fertilizer drip irrigation system to form a small arched shed covering the root system on the second layer, the small arched shed is matched with a high ridge or a cultivation groove to effectively reduce water transpiration in the land, reduce ponding flowing to a road between two planting ridges, reduce the occurrence of diseases and reduce the number of times of pesticide spraying. The greenhouse cultivation method can be used for greenhouse cultivation of the main body parts of the vegetable plants, can reduce water vapor transpiration and keep soil moisture, and has the advantages of convenience in farming operation, moderate manufacturing cost, wide application range of crops and the like.

(2) The small arched shed is covered by a silver gray film, the outer layer is silvery, the sunlight is isolated, the soil moisture is maintained, the shade and the cool are kept in summer, the heat is kept in winter, the inner part is black, and the development of root systems is promoted. Meanwhile, the small arched shed is combined with sprinkling irrigation, so that water, medicament or nutrition can be sprayed on the film and then flow into the soil, and the film is more uniform.

(3) The utility model discloses a big-arch shelter is established and is equipped with and hangs climing, and melon vegetables plant grows along the fine rule that hangs on the bearing rope, and upper portion can not cross like "people" word frame, and it is good to have guaranteed that the ventilation light transmissivity in the whole cultivation frame does benefit to plant development and plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control etc.. The support bearing steel wire rope can be repeatedly used.

(4) The utility model discloses the cultivation method of balsam pear can prevent effectively that phenomenons such as rotten melon, split melon from taking place. Improving the quality and yield of the balsam pear.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a double-layer arched greenhouse according to the utility model.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following detailed description.

Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.

As shown in fig. 1, a double-layer arched greenhouse according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises a greenhouse 1 and an arched greenhouse 2. The greenhouse 1 covers the planting field, plants are planted in the greenhouse, and a plurality of planting ridges 3 are arranged in the greenhouse 1. The planting ridges 3 are provided with arched sheds 2, and the arched sheds 2 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the planting ridges. Space (spaces for agricultural operations such as spraying medicine and the like, and for tourists to pick and take pictures) capable of walking is reserved between two adjacent rows of planting ridges 3, the ground is dry and comfortable, the illumination is sufficient, the ventilation and the air permeability are good, and the phenomena of rotten melons and cracked melons can be effectively prevented. The inner layer arched shed combines a facility water and fertilizer drip irrigation system to form a small arched shed covering the root system on the second layer, and the small arched shed is matched with a high ridge or a cultivation groove to effectively reduce water transpiration in the land, reduce the occurrence of diseases and reduce the pesticide spraying times.

The greenhouse 1 comprises a support frame 11, the support frame 11 is composed of a plurality of upright posts, and the lower ends of the upright posts are inserted into the planting ground for about 0.3m to play a supporting role. The upper end of the upright post support frame 11 is provided with a support beam 12, a steel frame large arch 13 is arranged above the support beam 12, and the two ends of the steel frame large arch are respectively connected with upright posts at the two sides to form an arch steel frame structure for supporting a PVC plastic transparent film of a ceiling with the span of 4-5 meters. The top support 14 is arranged in the center of the top of the greenhouse, the upper end of the top support is connected with the steel frame large arch 13, the lower end of the top support is connected with the support beam 12, and the top support 14 is made of round steel with the diameter of 10-12. And top auxiliary supports 15 are arranged on two sides of the top support 14, and the top auxiliary supports 15, the top support and the support cross beam are welded to form a whole and are in a triangular stable state for auxiliary support. The greenhouse steel frame structure is covered with a PVC plastic transparent film greenhouse film, and the side edge of the PVC plastic greenhouse film is fastened by a fastening pipe. The front and back sides of the greenhouse 1 are provided with doors for entering and exiting or ventilating. The side walls of the left side and the right side are provided with rat-proof nets 16 for preventing pests from entering the greenhouse.

The arched shed 2 comprises arched shed supports 21 and a covering film, the arched shed supports 21 are arranged in the center of the planting ridges 3, the arched shed supports 21 are made of bamboo, the width of each arched shed support is 0.30m, the height of each arched shed support is 0.30-0.40m, and small arches are arranged every 1.5-2.0 m. The covering film is a silver gray film, covers on the arched shed support 21, and is pressed at the bottom by a small amount of clay. The middle part of planting ridge 3 is equipped with drip irrigation zone 4, and drip irrigation zone 4 is located arched shed 2, and the apopore of drip irrigation zone 4 faces up. The two sides of the arched shed 2 are plant planting areas, namely plants to be planted are planted on the planting ridges 3 on the two sides of the arched shed. The arched shed is covered by a silver gray film, the outer layer is silvery, so that the arched shed can isolate sunlight, maintain soil moisture, keep cool in summer and keep warm in winter, and the inner part is black, so that the development of root systems is promoted. Meanwhile, the small arched shed is combined with sprinkling irrigation, so that water, medicament or nutrition can be sprayed on the film and then flow into the soil, and the film is more uniform.

Preferably, the planting ridges 3 comprise planting grooves 31, planting soil or a planting substrate is filled in the planting grooves 31, and the edges of the planting grooves are higher than the road surface. The planting groove 31 is arranged along the ridge, and is of a brick structure, replaces the traditional soil layer piled ridge surface, the width is 0.80-1.20 m, the depth is 0.40-0.45 m, and the height is 0.10-0.15 m higher than the road surface. The bottom and the side of the planting groove 31 are covered with a film 32 which is a black waterproof film, and the edge of the film extends out of the planting groove 31. When the cultivation soil or the cultivation substrate needs to be replaced, the cultivation soil or the cultivation substrate can be directly taken out of the planting groove through the film, and the method is convenient.

Preferably, when vegetables are planted, for example, balsam pear, loofah, tomato, gourd, cucumber, melon, watermelon, and jie melon are planted. A plurality of vine hanging ropes 17 are correspondingly arranged above plant planting areas on two sides of the arched shed 2, the upper ends of the vine hanging ropes 17 are fixed on bearing steel wire ropes 18, and the bearing steel wire ropes 18 are fixedly arranged on the shed 1. 1-2 support bearing steel wire ropes pulled by each ridge are arranged according to different crops and used for fixing vine hanging ropes. The vine hanging rope is used for binding crops to carry out vine hanging. Melon vegetable plants grow along the thin lines hung on the bearing ropes, the upper parts of the melon vegetable plants do not intersect like a herringbone frame, the ventilation and light transmission in the whole cultivation frame are guaranteed, and the melon vegetable plants are beneficial to plant development, pest control and the like. The support bearing steel wire rope can be repeatedly used.

Temperature and humidity comparison in vegetable facility greenhouse

The temperature and humidity in the greenhouse 1 hour after water spraying was performed on 3 vegetable greenhouses with different facilities in the same place and at the same time in summer, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 table for measuring temperature and humidity in greenhouse of different greenhouse

As shown in the table 1, the double-layer arched shed of the utility model can effectively reduce the humidity in the shed.

Use the utility model discloses a balsam pear is cultivated to double-deck canopy cultivation big-arch shelter, specific planting step as follows:

1. seed treatment

Putting the bitter gourd seeds into normal-temperature water for 15min, then taking out, putting into 55 ℃ hot water with the volume more than 3 times of that of the seeds, keeping the temperature and continuously stirring for 10min, and then naturally cooling and soaking the seeds for 6-8 h.

And (3) wrapping the soaked seeds with clean and wet cotton cloth, wherein the thickness of the seeds is not more than 4 cm, and accelerating germination under the environment of 30-33 ℃. During the germination accelerating process, the seeds are kept moist, and if the seeds are found to be slippery, the seeds are cleaned in time by warm water. The seeds can be sown when the seeds are exposed to the white.

2. Seedling raising

Selecting commercial seedling raising substrate, and adopting 50% carbendazim soluble powder of 40g/m³Uniformly mixing, covering for 2-3 days by using a plastic film, opening the plastic film, filling into a plug tray, and placing on a greenhouse cultivation groove for later use. The nutrient soil is drenched one day before sowing, one exposed seed is dibbled in each hole, and the seed is covered with a substrate with the thickness of 0.5 cm.

3. Management of seedling stage

Keeping the seedling raising plug tray moist, and timely watering when the surface of the ridge is white. If the seedlings are grown in summer and autumn, 75% of sunshade net is placed on the arched shed support; if the seedlings are grown in winter and spring, a small bulb (75 w/m) is hung on the arched shed support²) Adding transparent shed film for light supplement and cold protection. The width of the arch shed support is adjusted along with the change of use. If the growth is not strong in the later period of seedling culture, 0.3% of high-concentration compound fertilizer aqueous solution can be sprayed or 400-500 times of amino acid liquid fertilizer can be sprayed on the leaf surface.

4. Hardening off seedlings

And when 70% of seedlings emerge, removing the covering on the arched shed support in time. And during seedling raising in winter and spring, ventilating and ventilating at noon according to the change condition of weather. When the temperature is above 17 deg.C, the sealing is not required.

5. Planting

Before field planting, the cultivation soil or the cultivation substrate on the replaceable plastic film in the cultivation groove is leveled and finely crushed, and the base fertilizer is applied according to the soil nutrient determination result. Generally, the fertilizer is applied in a whole layer, and the base fertilizer is applied with decomposed organic fertilizer (1500-3000) kg/667m²10-15kg/667m of high-concentration compound fertilizer²20-25kg/667m of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer². Soil or culture medium on the replaceable plastic film can be replaced every 3 years of planting, so that the injury of crops caused by soil rotation is prevented. Transplanting 4-5 true leaves, drenching the soil of seedling tray one day before transplanting, burying the matrix in the cultivation tank, and then drenching sufficient root fixing water.

6. Management of field

Plant adjustment: when the melon seedlings grow to about 60 cm, the vine lifting ropes are adopted to guide vines in time. When the plant height is more than 1.5m, the lateral branches of the plant below 80cm are removed. And (4) reserving a lateral bud at the root of the plant beside the seedling shortage, and leading the lateral bud to the seedling shortage position after the lateral bud grows into a vine.

In the early stage of melon bearing: after the commercial melons are harvested for the first time, all leaves of the plants below 50cm are removed.

In the melon filling period: and removing malformed melons, diseased melons, insect melons, diseased leaves, old leaves and delicate lateral branches in time.

In the late stage of melon bearing: and (4) letting the vines grow, timely guiding the vines to the vine ropes, putting the vines on the vine ropes, and removing the deformed melons, the diseased melons, the insect melons, the diseased leaves and the old leaves.

7. Top dressing and moisture

Adopting 9 ○ drip belt to manage water and fertilizer, and every 667m after harvesting for two weeks²15kg of compound fertilizer with 15kg of urea and high concentration is applied. Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaf surface after each harvest. After cold exposure, 300-400 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed in time.

The soil humidity during the growth period is preferably kept at 85% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil.

8. Pest and disease prevention

Strong seedlings with proper age are cultivated, and the stress resistance is improved; controlling the temperature and the air humidity during greenhouse cultivation; proper rich water and sufficient illumination; good ventilation conditions; water accumulation is prevented strictly; and (3) timely cleaning the residual branches, the spoiled leaves and the weeds in the growth period, performing harmless treatment in a centralized manner, and keeping the field clean.

A strict rotation system is implemented, and the rotation with cucurbit crops is carried out for more than 2 years; if necessary, the soil or the substrate in the replaceable waterproof plastic film can be thoroughly sterilized or replaced.

If necessary, the particle virus can be used for preventing and treating the virus, and the Bt insecticide is used for preventing and treating pests; plant-derived pesticides such as matrine, azadirachtin, and Chloranthin; the biological pesticide such as KANGZHUANGSU, avermectin, agricultural streptomycin, and neophytomycin can be used for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests.

And (3) pest and disease management:

the diseased branches, diseased leaves, diseased fruits and the like are intensively buried or burnt down in combination with pruning, the disease source body is eliminated, the core is timely picked, the redundant branches and tendrils are removed, and ventilation and light transmission are enhanced; especially, the damage of melon pests including thrips, red spiders and moth larvae is noticed, and the diseases mainly prevent and treat powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold and the like.

9. Harvesting

The harvesting period is generally 12 d-15 d after flowering. Selecting the fruits with plump strip-shaped or tumor-shaped bulges, glossy pericarp and light top color for harvesting.

10. Packaging, transporting, storing

After harvesting, classifying and grading according to color, size and quality, and packaging respectively. Should be stored according to variety and specification. The storage temperature is 10-15 ℃. The relative humidity of air is kept between 90 and 95 percent. The stacking in the warehouse should ensure the even circulation of the air flow.

The balsam pear of planting this embodiment is contrasted with the balsam pear of planting of control example, and the contrast with the utility model discloses the method of planting the balsam pear is different in that, plants the balsam pear in ordinary facility big-arch shelter. The planting pair ratios are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 balsam pear yields for balsam pear planted in different ways

As shown in table 2, the yield of the balsam pear cultivated by the double-layer arched shed of the utility model is obviously higher than that of the balsam pear cultivated by a common facility shed.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a double-deck hunch canopy cultivation big-arch shelter which characterized in that includes:

the greenhouse covers the planting ground, and a plurality of planting ridges are arranged in the greenhouse; and

the arched sheds are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the planting ridges and comprise arched shed supports and covering films, the arched shed supports are arranged in the middle of the planting ridges, the covering films cover the supports, and drip irrigation belts are laid in the arched sheds; wherein, the both sides of arched shed are plant growing area.

2. The double-layer arched shed cultivation greenhouse of claim 1, wherein the planting ridges comprise cultivation grooves, cultivation soil or/and cultivation substrates are filled in the cultivation grooves, and the edges of the cultivation grooves are higher than the road surface.

3. The double-layer arched shed cultivation greenhouse of claim 2, wherein the bottom and side walls of the cultivation trough are covered with a film.

4. The double-layer arched shed cultivation greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation tape has its drip holes facing upward.

5. The double-layer arched shed cultivation greenhouse of claim 1, wherein the mulching film is a silver gray film.

6. The double-layer arched shed cultivation greenhouse of claim 1, wherein a plurality of vine hanging ropes are correspondingly arranged in the plant cultivation area, and the vine hanging ropes are fixedly arranged on the greenhouse.

Images