CN102577816A - Slope crop seeding raising method - Google Patents
Slope crop seeding raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102577816A CN102577816A CN2012100641425A CN201210064142A CN102577816A CN 102577816 A CN102577816 A CN 102577816A CN 2012100641425 A CN2012100641425 A CN 2012100641425A CN 201210064142 A CN201210064142 A CN 201210064142A CN 102577816 A CN102577816 A CN 102577816A
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Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel crop seeding raising method, belonging to the field of crop seeding raising. The seedling raising method is characterized in that a seedling raising matrix or porous seeding raising hole trays filled with the seedling raising matrix is/are placed on a slope nursery bed, which has a certain inclination angle and covered or not by a barrier material on the surface, a water and fertilizer supplying facility is erected at the high end of the slope nursery bed, water and fertilizer are provided for the seedling raising matrix by utilizing the inclined guiding action of the slope to promote the crop seeds transplanted in the seedling raising matrix to germinate, root and grow, seeding raising management is carried out, and seedlings are lifted and transplanted when the seedlings achieve proper transplanting seedling age. By adopting the method, the water and fertilizer are agilely managed, the inland inundation or drought is prevented, the disease and pest are reduced, the seedling forming rate is high, and seedling domestication is carried out by inverting the seedling raising hole trays or the nursery bed, thus the strong seedlings are effectively cultured and the seedling recovering stage is shortened; and the cultured seedlings have the characteristics of flourishing root systems, strong and trim seedlings, strong viability, few or no disease plants, short seedling recovering stage, convenience for seedling taking and seedling transport for transplanting, simplicity in operation, labor saving, cost saving, high survival rate and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agriculture and forestry technical field, be specifically related to crops slope seedling-cultivating method and supporting transplantation technique.
Background technology
At present; The crops seedling raising manners mainly contains two kinds, and a kind of is soilless-cultivated seedling, and for example substrate seedling, cave disk base material are grown seedlings, floating seedlings etc.; The main soilless substrate material that uses; Under the situation that temperature, illumination, air suit, through provide liquid manure to impel crop seeds possessing several key elements of germinating to seedling to it after, cultivate and to transplant seedling; A kind of is that seedlings and soil is arranged; For example feeding block seedlings raising, direct sowing and seedling, broadcast sowing and grow seedlings etc.; Mainly under temperature, illumination, the suitable situation of air; Crop seeds is broadcast in the alms bowl body that soil processes or directly broadcast in the soil, utilize moisture foster part of soil institute, cultivate the crops seedling that to transplant or not need to transplant once more.
More than two kinds of seedling raising mannerses, its seedling cultivation bed all with horizon keeping parallelism state, in the seedling management process; Moisture content or the nutrient solution that possesses nutrient all keep the state vertical with the horizon to be supplied to the crops seedling, under this mode, because the face of land, seedbed is uneven; When nursery stage supplies water, occur arid or waterlogging phenomenon easily, have a strong impact on seedling quality, meet the low temperature and high relative humidity weather environment; Also cause disease easily, cause the part seedling dead.Because seedling culture hole plate or alms bowl surface and the face of land are parastate, owing to the centripetal force reason, the straight downward growth of root system is when seedling reaches certain seedling age during the seed sprouting growth simultaneously; The seedling main root generally can penetrate seedling culture hole plate limbers, bottom or pot for growing seedlings body, when carrying out seedling refining seedling processing or transplanting, generally all can damage its bottom root system, i.e. main root tip of a root part of seedling; Cause the fracture of the seedling main root tip of a root, occur the main root damaged during crops further growth, root system buries shallow; The lateral root raised growth forms the root system bifurcation, and this phenomenon causes the influence of two aspects easily; The one, influence growing of crops, seedling-slowing stage elongates, and absorbs the liquid manure ability and is affected; Growth situation is not strong, and superfluous bud of crops or invalid branch increase, severe patient even influence crop yield; The 2nd, crops are in seedling stage or after transplanting the land for growing field crops; Various diseases, for example: anthracnose, damping off, the overworked pathogene of disease and eqpidemic disease etc., the root system wound from damage gets in the farming object easily; In a single day crops meet with the suitable condition of germ existence, and disease just can break out.
According to our test, take the slope seedling-cultivating method to grow seedlings, required water of crop growth and nutrient can be through the fertile facilities of the high-end water supply in seedbed; Through inclined-plane water conservancy diversion principle; The low side supply from the trend seedbed, the one, can effectively overcome other seedling-cultivating method and supply rich water through modes such as vertical spray, sprayings, the chemical fertilizer nutrient solution is prone to hinder leaf; Or level is irrigated, the casual mode of watering supplies rich water, the defective that nutrition can not evenly be supplied; The 2nd, in water supply process; The limbers, bottom, hole, cave and the chamber, limit, hole, cave of seedling culture hole plate or other cave type culture facilities, and the low side base angle can form a triangle water reserve bottom the hole, cave, different according to the seedbed ramp angles; The liquid manure that can keep cave pore volume size about 30%～50%; Add a part of liquid manure that seedling medium self keeps in the hole, cave, the liquid manure ratio is that soil humidity can maintain about 50%～70% in the hole, cave, thereby reaches the best liquid manure environment of crop growth.
According to our test, because tilting in the seedbed, seedling culture hole plate or other cave type culture facilities put, answer the centrifugal force effect; When crops were grown seedlings growth, stem and main root and horizon kept plumbness, and main root is straight downwards; The low side base angle growth towards bottom, hole, cave, rather than to the limbers growth of bottom, hole, cave, stem and cave panel surface form certain angle simultaneously; This seedling raising manners main root is difficult for penetrating the hole, cave, can effectively reduce injury and reservation main root to main root, and the two reaches refining seedling seedling age the crops seedling; Can through with seedling culture hole plate or other cave type culture facilities after the high-end and low side of seedling culture hole plate on the seedbed exchanges; Crops seedlings root and stem and horizon no longer keep plumbness, have certain angle, and root system is under the ground mental power function; Through the guiding of seedling culture hole plate or other cave type culture facility bottom cavities, it is the angle growth of trying to get to the heart of a matter of another cave that root system can turn to low side base angle, bottom, new hole, cave; The crops stem is for keeping vertical with the horizon simultaneously, and cane one lateral bending song is coerced, and stimulates the interior endogenous ethylene of farming object to increase; And farming object endogenous ethylene increases meeting promotion crops lignification and conduit differentiation; Add that ethene is to inspire the major hormone factor of taking root, the increase of endogenous ethylene helps promoting that crops take root, when the cane growth recovery is vertical with the horizon to stem; Increasing no longer appears in endogenous ethylene in the farming object, recovers the normal value state.
According to our test, put because seedling culture hole plate or other cave type culture facilities tilt in the seedbed simultaneously, crop seeds is breaking ground when emerging; The crops cotyledon launches the seed shell, and when coming off with it, on seed shell top; With the crops stem is intermediate point, and the top layer seedling medium weight that the left and right sides covered is different, helps the crops cotyledon of growing seedlings to raise one's hat; It is thorough because of raising one's hat effectively to solve crops, and behind the seedling arch soil that causes, cotyledon can't launch; Form the problem of dead seedling, thereby improve the planting percent that crops are grown seedlings.
In view of the above, we invent crops slope seedling-cultivating method, in the hope of solving some technical barriers in the crops seedling raising process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be intended to overcome existing crops grow seedlings produce in the influence that causes of liquid manure method of supplying to growth of seedling; Solve the current crops main root easy damaged of growing seedlings and cause influence crop growth; Crops refining seedling is to the injury of seedling in the elimination seedling raising process; The band cap influences the problem of planting percent when overcoming crops and growing seedlings, and a kind of slope method for culturing and transplanting seedlings is provided.This method is the basis to design the ramp type seedbed, can effectively realize the convenient fertilizer that supplies water in seedling stage, and elimination arid in seedling stage and waterlogging promote the crops growth of seedling; Automatically refine seedling through crops self chemical regulation reinforcement seedling lignification and conduit differentiation, impel seedling initiatively to take root, and effectively reduce the damage of crops seedling, seedling-slowing stage is transplanted in shortening, reduces corps diseases; Through various optimal design, fully improve planting percent, cultivate crops strong sprouts.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, we take following technical scheme:
Crops slope seedling-cultivating method is with the seedling medium of evenly laying or be filled with the porous seedling culture hole plate of seedling medium, is placed on to have certain angle of inclination; The surface is covered with or is not covered with on the seedbed, slope of barrier material; High-end water supply, the fertile facility of setting up in the seedbed, slope utilizes inclined-plane, slope guide functions, and water, fertilizer are provided in seedling medium; Impel wherein agronomic crop seed germination of implantation, take root, grow; Through seedling management, treat that the crops seedling reaches suitable transplanting seedling age, play transplantation of seedlings.
Seedbed upper surface and the surface water horizontal line that is adopted of growing seedlings has certain angle; Angular range is between 90～180 degree; Method is to determine according to the demand degrees to water between crops self nursery stage preferably, and is big more to seedling cultivation bed upper surface of the big crops of water demand and surface water horizontal line angle.
Seedbed, slope high-end of growing seedlings set up fixing or removable water supply, fertile facility; The required liquid manure of growing seedlings is through inclined-plane, slope water conservancy diversion; Required water, fertilizer are provided for growing seedlings; Said water supply, fertile facility can be water pipe, tank, drip irrigation pipe, drip irrigation groove, spray irrigation pipe or sprinkling irrigation groove, also can be permeable membrane, osmos tube, permeable tank.Water supply, fertile facility are drip irrigation pipe or drip irrigation groove preferably.
Seedling medium can be soil or non-soil formed material or its mixture, and one or more of bulk material, jointing material, rooting promoter, derivant, change control agent, water-loss reducer or disinfectant are added or do not added in the centre.Non-soil formed material can be vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, straw become thoroughly decomposed thing, perlite, sandy soil, husk, coconut shell flour and peanut hull meal etc. all can be used as in the non-soil formed material of seedling medium one or several.Seedling medium is the non-soil formed material of sponginess, moisture capacity, trophism, the suitable crop growth of growing seedlings of cohesive preferably, and adds in suitable bulk material, jointing material, rooting promoter, derivant, change control agent, water-loss reducer or the disinfectant one or more.
Said crops are grown seedlings and relate to crops and mainly comprise several kinds of typical crops such as cotton, paddy rice, corn, tobacco, vegetables, melon and fruit, flowers and Chinese herbal medicine; Below just list and lift some common crops, but the said crops of the inventive method are not limited thereto.The crops of common suitable this method are like paddy rice, cotton, rape, tobacco, corn; Vegetables are like eggplant, capsicum, onion, garlic, romaine lettuce, caraway, spinach, Chinese cabbage, a variety of Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage, cabbage mustard, celery, leek, artichoke, tomato etc.; Melon and fruit is like watermelon, wax gourd, cucumber, balsam pear, pumpkin, muskmelon etc.; Flowers are like kaffir lily, narcissus, bracketplant, tulip, chrysanthemum, Chinese rose, tree peony, Chinese herbaceous peony, cockscomb, Moth orchid, asparagus fern etc.; Chinese herbal medicine is like Korean ginseng, American Ginseng, genseng, safflower, pseudo-ginseng, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Codonopsis, the Radix Astragali, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS etc.
Said fertilizer is water-soluble fertilizer, and the nutrient solution prescription that its water-soluble back forms is: purity nitrogen concentration is 82mg/L～245mg/L or 305mg/L～950mg/L; Available phosphorus concentration is at 18mg/L～59mg/L or 152mg/L～480mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 18mg/L～59mg/L or 141mg/L～500mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.92mg/L～9.29mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 32mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.5mg/L～28.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.5mg/L～28.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.78mg/L～25.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～7, and one or more in rooting promoter, derivant, change control agent, water-loss reducer, conditioning agent, bactericide or the disinfectant are added or do not added in the centre.Conditioning agents such as gibberellin, ethrel, casing coupling peace, strong sprout element can be added or do not added in the centre; Method is according to the crops needs of each period to various nutrients of growing seedlings preferably; The corresponding nutrient solution of proportioning, and consider to use or do not use the associated adjustment agent in different seedling stages.
The used porous seedling culture hole plate of growing seedlings can be the cave cavernous structure facility that foam cave dish, plastics cave dish, activity or fixed mesh cave dish, the certain medium of use cut off; Can be in bottom, hole or the porose or atresia in chamber, limit, hole.Seedling culture hole plate is to select seedling culture hole plate size, pore size, cave pitch of holes and cave hole shape according to crop type and crops seedling size preferably, the general porose porous cave dish in bottom of selecting the little rectangular pyramid body in big bottom, use surface, pentagonal pyramid body, hole, hexagonal prism cave.
The seedbed of being adopted of growing seedlings can be seedbed, the face of land, also can be the frame single or multiple lift space frame structure facility of growing seedlings.Seedling cultivation bedly can directly use seedbed, the face of land, also can use the three-dimensional ramp type of the single or multiple lift frame structure facility of growing seedlings.Mode is to use the layer stereo ramp type framework Facilities Construction seedbed of growing seedlings preferably.
The crop seeds of implanting refers to crop planting material or propagating materials, comprises the one or more combination of seed, fruit and root, stem, seedling, bud, leaf, embryo, can be have dressing or not dressing, the vernalization or the seed of vernalization not.Be preferably the dressing seed of not vernalization or the not dressing seed after the vernalization.
Seedling management refers between nursery stage the management to growth key elements such as the sunlight that influences crop growth, water, temperature, air, nutrient, growth hormone.Management between nursery stage need be managed according to growth of seedling substantially, is preferably through progressively or directly on the seedbed, slope; High-end and the low side of seedling culture hole plate is partly or entirely exchanged, increase crops endogenous ethylene amount, thereby promote seedling lignification and conduitization; And promotion root growth; Change control refining seedling, take root thereby reach crops seedling self, thereby shorten the seedling-slowing stage behind the crops seedling replanting, improve survival rate.
Suitable transplanting seedling age scope at 1 leaf, 1 heart between 8 leaves, 1 heart.Different according to crop type, the best seedling age of transplanting of each crops has nothing in common with each other, and transplanting seedling age preferably is that 1 leaf, 1 heart is between 3 leaves, 1 heart.
The carrying substrates piece that can burrow during transplanting is transplanted, or naked transplanting, or the grouting transplanting, or the transplanting of sticking water-loss reducer, or the combination of one or more methods of sticking rooting promoter transplanting.Method is that burrow carrying substrates piece grouting is transplanted preferably, transplants the back and notices normal root water is watered or do not watered to ground soil moisture content situation decision whether or a water of living according to transplanting.
The crops seedling raise period is not limited only to crops and normally grows seedlings season, also can possess the anti-season of rearing condition.Be preferably crops and grow seedlings normal season, can growing seedlings according to crops at season seeding, growth needs adds or reduce the related facility that temperature, illumination are provided.
The environment that enforcement is grown seedlings can be the combination of one or more environment of shed, booth, greenhouse, open-air atmosphere.Normally grow seedlings be preferably season use little shed in the open environment grow seedlings, season seeding is preferably in greenhouse or booth the little shed environment of cover and grows seedlings.
Surface, seedbed barrier material can be the combination of one or more materials of plastic foil, sheet material, fragment of brick, cement flooring, scrim, nonwoven, woven.Be preferably the use plastic foil.
Water supply, fertile facility, the seedling medium of directly laying or porous seedling culture hole plate surface can cover or not covering and heat insulating, preserve moisture, waterproof material one or more.Be preferably according to the crops needs determine needs whether to cover or not covering and heat insulating, preserve moisture, waterproof material one or more.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following several obvious beneficial effects:
1, regulates supply liquid manure automatically through the slope action of gravity in seedbed, slope, can effectively solve incidental arid or waterlogging problem between the crops nursery stage, the disease that death that the dehydration of solution seedling causes and water logging problem cause.
2, the design in seedbed, slope, the crop kernels broadcast in the seedling medium is germinateed after, seed shell upper pressure is unbalanced during arch soil, helps the crops cotyledon to raise one's hat, and generally improves the crops planting percent 10～15% of growing seedlings.
3, through adjustment adjustment seedling culture hole plate placing direction; Influence crops growth of seedling direction through mechanism, implement crops and refine seedling automatically, coercing the crops endogenous ethylene increases; Help crops lignification and conduitization; Promote root growth, generally can improve survival rate 10～15%, and effectively shorten seedling-slowing stage 3～5 days.
4, through the slope angle advantage of growing seedlings, can protect crops seedling main root advantage as far as possible, reduce the passive damage of main root, and increase the root system amount, increase disease-resistant crops evil ability.
5, through setting up the seedbed, slope; Impel the surface, seedbed to form the inclined-plane state; Air channel, favourable formation top layer, cross-ventilation is effective, and top layer, seedbed matrix keeps certain drying regime; Be difficult for to form low temperature and high relative humidity be prone to take place disease the environment of growing seedlings, can effectively solve the problem of the relevant rhizome joint portion of crops seedling disease.
6, through the slope related advantages of growing seedlings; Fully keep crops main root advantage; Can effectively reduce crops guarantee self growth nutrient through the regeneration that increases lateral root and capillary root demand; Thereby reduce the generation of superfluous bud and invalid branch, coordinate corps nutrient growth and reproductive growth, generally save 3～5/mu of peasant household's cultivation management recruitments.
7, crops are coerced the refining seedling preferably through the slope, and main root keeps complete, well developed root system; Punching through appropriate depth is transplanted, and root system buries darker, and the crops lodging tolerance strengthens; Root system absorbs the liquid manure ability also to be strengthened, and nourishes and grows and reproductive growth strengthens synchronously, under the situation of crops liquid manure regular supply; Crops premature senescence resistance ability and raising the output ability are improved greatly, generally can make crops elongate 10～15 days effective breeding time, output improves about 10～15%.
Embodiment
To relate to the crops kind extremely many owing to grow seedlings in the crops slope; Be that example is set forth the inventive method only below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto with several kinds of typical crops such as cotton, paddy rice, corn, tobacco, vegetables, melon and fruit, flowers and Chinese herbal medicines.Correlation test of the present invention carries out in the period of 2007～2011, describes through following relevant embodiment, can be well understood to the object of the invention, and embodiment of the present invention:
Instance 1: cotton slope seedling-cultivating method
1, early-stage preparations
Select the general suitable sowing cotton seed season in spring of selecting season, promptly daily temperature season of being stabilized in about 18 ℃ and progressively heating up is general between the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May in every year.
The place is ready to do intends the place of doing the seedbed, generally select leeward on the sunny side, make things convenient for before the room of water and electricity supply the higher plot of physical features behind the house.
Material is ready to cotton slope grow seedlings necessary dedicated substrate, special-purpose seed manure, special-purpose cave dish, cotton seed, and is ready to relevant plastic sheeting for farm use and fertile irrigate band or the water pipe of supplying water.Wherein: the dedicated substrate preparation, mainly select vermiculite or perlite and peat composed of rotten mosses ratio to remain on about 1: 1～1.5; Special-purpose seed manure preparation, mainly according to cotton seedling needs in each period, according to following proportion preparing nutrient solution: purity nitrogen concentration is 112mg/L～245mg/L; Available phosphorus concentration is at 152mg/L～220mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 141mg/L～230mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.92mg/L～5.9mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 32mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.8mg/L～18.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.5mg/L～18.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.78mg/L～15.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is about 6.5; Special-purpose cave is coiled and is adopted 162 holes (18 * 9), and pore size is 3cm * 3cm * 5.2cm, and the hole, cave is the little down black plastic cave dish of big four prisms cylinder; But cotton seed market hybridization commonly used commodity cotton seed also can use conventional cotton seed, needs selected cotton seed before use, basks seeds then 3～4 days, promotes seed afterripening, and breaking dormancy improves cotton seed bud rate; The number needs of plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared suitable with the seedbed area, if need build shed, drip plastic sheeting for farm use and the bamboo that also need prepare respective numbers bent etc.; The drip irrigation that fertile irrigate band need be suitable with the seedbed width that supplies water is responsible for and capillary drip irrigation and the respective accessory suitable with seedbed length.
2, the seedbed is built
Carry out rotary tillage in the place of choosing the seedbed; After removing weeds and sharp object etc., use the rotovator ridging and the ridge, seedbed is processed about 2 meters wide, the seedbed, slope at certain angle of inclination is arranged; Require the surface, seedbed to possess 150～160 degree left and right sides angles with the horizon; Spread fertilizer over the fields red 2～3 grams of furans/square metre control soil insect then, repave plastic sheeting for farm use, use the soil block compacting all around.
3, insemination and emergence
Dedicated substrate is mixed in the cave dish of packing into behind the water, required that moisture reaches between 60～70% in the matrix, it is agglomerating that promptly hand is pinched matrix; Lose flowing water between finger, the state that scatters naturally in the whereabouts will pass through seed selection again and broadcast into dish aperture middle, cave with the cotton seed seed of handling of basking seeds; Require sowing depth 1.5～2 centimetres dark about; Cover 1.5～2 centimetres of left and right sides then on the top layer thick, and water content is put on the seedbed, slope of completing plastic sheeting for farm use broadcasting the cave dish of planting after the matrix about 80～85%; Dish covers the vernalization that is incubated, preserves moisture of one deck plastic sheeting for farm use and emerges in surperficial cave again, and the little shed heat and moisture preserving of plastic covering is also wanted in the outside under the not high situation of weather temperature.
4, seedbed management
The general temperature of temperature treatment is when 20 ℃ of left and right sides; Cotton seeds just began to germinate in 2～3 days; The main control of noting seedling culture hole plate mesostroma temperature and moisture, and in time watch the situation of emerging prevents that high temperature burning bud and excess moisture or very few from not emerging; When treating that seedling culture hole plate sprouts 60% left and right sides, the plastic sheeting for farm use that in time the seedling culture hole plate top layer is covered is progressively opened.To in time take off canopy when temperature of shed is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilate, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling, generally take off film refining seedling in the morning about 9; Must guard against and take off film noon during high temperature; Note in time building canopy when temperature is lower than 16 ℃, guarantee cotton seedling growth temperature more than 15 ℃, the seedbed ventilating air permeability is good in the time of more than 28 ℃; Must be when noticing simultaneously that rainy day, temperature was higher at the shed top epiphragma, the ventilation that punches all around meets with microthermal climate and need build canopy and keep a full stand of seedings.
After water and fertilizer management treats that seedling culture hole plate is put into the seedbed; Need be high-end on the slope, seedbed, the cave panel surface is set up the fertile facility that supplies water, and it is best generally using the capillary irrigate band; When seedling culture hole plate mesostroma water content or nutrient are not enough; The person in charge carries moisture and nutrient solution to the capillary irrigate band through drip irrigation, irrigates in each dish hole, cave through cave, slope dish to get final product again, and moisture is between 50～70% in the maintenance seedling culture hole plate.
The management of refining seedling is treated cotton seedling length after 1 leaf, 1 heart, according to the field-transplanting needs, and general the transplanting preceding about 7～10 days; When considering to reduce moisture and nutrient supply, cotton is refined seedling, the main method of refining seedling is; High-end and the low side of seedling culture hole plate on the seedbed divided progressively exchange for 2～3 times, through coercing cotton seedling is one-sided, endogenous ethylene increases in the cotton seedling body; Impel cotton nursery stock materialization and conduitization, and promote root growth, to cultivate strong sprout; Shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, improve cotton transplantation of seedlings survival rate.
The cotton seedling of pest management is the nurturing period in the seedbed, because of being in the seedling phase, the easy infection damage by disease and insect.The control of disease is mainly taked to sterilize in advance, do not create susceptible disease evil environment, reduce measures such as seedlings root wound; Promptly behind cotton young plant Ye Pingzhan; Spray the upright withered clever disinfection of methyl, when whole administration period meets with low temperature environment, reduce liquid manure supply in the dish hole, cave, seedbed, strengthen the insulation measure and reduce humidity; Do not form the low temperature and high relative humidity disease and be prone to the hair ring border, carrying out reducing damage when seedling dish refining seedling moves simultaneously as far as possible root system; To the management of insect pest, main note observing seedbed growth of seedling situation, take duty to check that duty controls the tactful pest control of worm, state is in the early stage eliminated in insect pest.Generally speaking: prevent and treat anthracnose, damping off with 800 times of liquid of mancozeb or 600 times of liquid of zineb; Prevent and treat balck shank, damping off, root rot with 500 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, 900 times of liquid of Propamocarb or 1200 times of liquid of Dong Wangheida; When finding aphid in the seedbed, 1500 times of liquid sprayings of available Imidacloprid control.
5, transplanting and management when cotton seedling seedling age be between 2 leaves, 1 heart～4 leaves, 1 heart, red shank when soil moisture content is good, after choosing cloudy day or fine afternoon, is got transplantation of seedlings at 4 than greater than 1/2 behind the refining seedling.Note being with substrate block during transplanting, with special-purpose transplant 8-10 centimetre of card punch punching dark after, put it into and transplant in the hole, fill tightly with peripheral fine earth then and urge, and in time water sufficient normal root water.Be also noted that in cotton transplantation of seedlings process the land for growing field crops can not apply fertilizer to the subsoil, can not use weed killer herbicide except that dicotyledon, transportation to try not to damage insects, cotton seedlings such as root system, anti-cutworm, snail and in time take to use measures such as carrying seed manure after becoming to live.
Instance 2: vegetables slope seedling-cultivating method
1, early-stage preparations
Select the general suitable sowing of vegetable season in spring of selecting season, promptly daily temperature season stable and that progressively heat up is general between the first tenday period of a month in mid-March to May in every year.
The place is ready to do intends the place of doing the seedbed, generally select leeward on the sunny side, make things convenient for before the room of water and electricity supply the higher plot of physical features behind the house.
Material is ready to vegetables slope grow seedlings necessary dedicated substrate, special-purpose seed manure, special-purpose cave dish, vegetables kind, and is ready to relevant plastic sheeting for farm use and fertile irrigate band or the water pipe of supplying water.Wherein: the dedicated substrate preparation, mainly select vermiculite or perlite and peat composed of rotten mosses ratio to remain on about 1: 1～1.5; Special-purpose seed manure preparation, mainly according to vegetable seedling needs in each, according to following proportion preparing nutrient solution: purity nitrogen concentration is 110mg/L～245mg/L in period; Available phosphorus concentration is at 160mg/L～480mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 160mg/L～500mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.93mg/L～9.29mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 18mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.5mg/L～25.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.8mg/L～28.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.88mg/L～15.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～6.8; Special-purpose cave is coiled and is adopted 162 holes (18 * 9), and pore size is 3cm * 3cm * 5.2cm, and the hole, cave is the little down black plastic cave dish of big four prisms cylinder; But vegetables kind market hybridization commonly used commodity vegetables kind also can be used conventional vegetables kind, needs selected vegetable seeds before use, basks seeds then 3～4 days, promotes seed afterripening, and breaking dormancy improves vegetables kind bud rate; The vegetable seeds that needs vernalization to sow need carry out vernalization in advance to be handled; The number needs of plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared suitable with the seedbed area, if need build shed, drip plastic sheeting for farm use and the bamboo that also need prepare respective numbers bent etc.; The drip irrigation that fertile irrigate band need be suitable with the seedbed width that supplies water is responsible for and capillary drip irrigation and the respective accessory suitable with seedbed length.
2, the seedbed is built
Carry out rotary tillage in the place of choosing the seedbed; After removing weeds and sharp object etc., use the rotovator ridging and 2 meters left and right sides are processed on the ridge, seedbed wide, the seedbed, slope at certain angle of inclination is arranged; Require the surface, seedbed to possess 160～165 degree left and right sides angles with the horizon; Spread fertilizer over the fields red 2～3 grams of furans/square metre control soil insect then, repave plastic sheeting for farm use, use the soil block compacting all around.
3, insemination and emergence
Dedicated substrate is mixed in the cave dish of packing into behind the water, required that moisture reaches between 60～70% in the matrix, it is agglomerating that promptly hand is pinched matrix; Lose flowing water between finger, the state that scatters naturally in the whereabouts will pass through seed selection again and broadcast into dish aperture middle, cave with the vegetables kind seed of handling of basking seeds; Require sowing depth 1.5～2 centimetres dark about; Cover 1.5～2 centimetres of left and right sides then on the top layer thick, and water content is put on the seedbed, slope of completing plastic sheeting for farm use broadcasting the cave dish of planting after the matrix about 80～85%; Dish covers the vernalization that is incubated, preserves moisture of one deck plastic sheeting for farm use and emerges in surperficial cave again, and the little shed heat and moisture preserving of plastic covering is also wanted in the outside under the not high situation of weather temperature.
4, seedbed management
The general temperature of temperature treatment is when 20 ℃ of left and right sides; Vegetable seeds just began to germinate in 2～3 days; The main control of noting seedling culture hole plate mesostroma temperature and moisture, and in time watch the situation of emerging prevents that high temperature burning bud and excess moisture or very few from not emerging; When treating that seedling culture hole plate sprouts 60% left and right sides, the plastic sheeting for farm use that in time the seedling culture hole plate top layer is covered is progressively opened.To in time take off canopy when temperature of shed is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilate, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling, generally take off film refining seedling in the morning about 9; Must guard against and take off film noon during high temperature; Note in time building canopy when temperature is lower than 16 ℃, guarantee the vegetable seedling growth temperature more than 15 ℃, the seedbed ventilating air permeability is good in the time of more than 28 ℃; Must be when noticing simultaneously that rainy day, temperature was higher at the shed top epiphragma, the ventilation that punches all around meets with microthermal climate and need build canopy and keep a full stand of seedings.
After water and fertilizer management treats that seedling culture hole plate is put into the seedbed; Need be high-end on the slope, seedbed, the cave panel surface is set up the fertile facility that supplies water, and it is best generally using the capillary irrigate band; When seedling culture hole plate mesostroma water content or nutrient are not enough; The person in charge carries moisture and nutrient solution to the capillary irrigate band through drip irrigation, irrigates in each dish hole, cave through cave, slope dish to get final product again, and moisture is between 50～70% in the maintenance seedling culture hole plate.
The management of refining seedling is treated vegetable seedling length after 1 leaf, 1 heart, according to the field-transplanting needs, and general the transplanting preceding about 7～10 days; When considering to reduce moisture and nutrient supply, vegetables are refined seedling, the main method of refining seedling is; High-end and the low side of seedling culture hole plate on the seedbed divided progressively exchange for 2～3 times, through coercing vegetable seedling is one-sided, endogenous ethylene increases in the vegetable seedling body; Impel vegetable seedling lignification and conduitization, and promote root growth, to cultivate strong sprout; Shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, improve the vegetable seedling transplanting survival rate.
The pest management vegetable seedling is the nurturing period in the seedbed, because of being in the seedling phase, the easy infection damage by disease and insect.The control of disease is mainly taked to sterilize in advance, do not create susceptible disease evil environment, reduce measures such as seedlings root wound; Promptly after the vegetable seedling cotyledon is open and flat; Spray the upright withered clever disinfection of methyl, when whole administration period meets with low temperature environment, reduce liquid manure supply in the dish hole, cave, seedbed, strengthen the insulation measure and reduce humidity; Do not form the low temperature and high relative humidity disease and be prone to the hair ring border, carrying out reducing damage when seedling dish refining seedling moves simultaneously as far as possible root system; To the management of insect pest, main note observing seedbed growth of seedling situation, take duty to check that duty controls the tactful pest control of worm, state is in the early stage eliminated in insect pest.
5, transplanting and management when the vegetable seedling seedling age be between 2 leaves, 1 heart～4 leaves, 1 heart, when soil moisture content is good, after choosing cloudy day or fine afternoon, get transplantation of seedlings at 4.Note being with substrate block during transplanting, with special-purpose transplant 8-10 centimetre of card punch punching dark after, put it into and transplant in the hole, fill tightly with peripheral fine earth then and urge, and in time water sufficient normal root water.Be also noted that in vegetable seedling transplanting process the land for growing field crops can not apply fertilizer to the subsoil, can not use weed killer herbicide, the transportation that can remove vegetable seedling try not to damage root system, control soil insect, vegetable seedling and in time take to use measures such as carrying seed manure after becoming to live.
Instance 3: tobacco slope seedling-cultivating method
1, early-stage preparations
Select the general suitable tobacco sowing season in spring of selecting season, generally speaking, be 60～70 days before transplanting the sowing time of spring cigarette, summer cigarette, and autumn cigarette, winter cigarette are about 50 days before transplanting.
The place is ready to do intends the place of doing the seedbed, generally select leeward on the sunny side, make things convenient for before the room of water and electricity supply the higher plot of physical features behind the house.
Material is ready to tobacco slope grow seedlings necessary dedicated substrate, special-purpose seed manure, special-purpose cave dish, tobacco kind, and is ready to relevant plastic sheeting for farm use and fertile irrigate band or the water pipe of supplying water.Wherein: the dedicated substrate preparation, mainly select vermiculite or perlite and peat composed of rotten mosses ratio to remain on about 1: 1～1.5; Special-purpose seed manure preparation, mainly according to cigarette seedling needs in each, according to following proportion preparing nutrient solution: purity nitrogen concentration is 305mg/L～950mg/L in period; Available phosphorus concentration is at 155mg/L～480mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 150mg/L～450mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.93mg/L～9.29mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 32mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.58mg/L～25.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.8mg/L～28.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.88mg/L～15.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～6.8; Special-purpose cave is coiled and is adopted 162 holes (18 * 9), and pore size is 3cm * 3cm * 5.2cm, and the hole, cave is the little down black plastic cave dish of big four prisms cylinder; But tobacco kind market convenience goods tobacco kind needs selected cigarette kind, before use then with selected full seed; 1/3～1/2 of the cloth bag capacity of packing into soaks and puts into 2% formalin solution (or copper-bath of 0.1% liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus or 1%) sterilization behind kind of the skin, takes out after soaking 10～15 clocks; Clean with flushing with clean water; Seed after the sterilization is put into 25～30 ℃ warm water together with cloth bag soaked 8～10 hours, gently rub kind of a bag, use flushing with clean water while rubbing with have gentle hands; Remove cutin and colloid on kind of the skin, infiltrate in order to moisture.In kind of bag, dripping becomes clear, and seed becomes faint yellow, and elimination kind bag excessive moisture dries slightly and can sow; The number needs of plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared suitable with the seedbed area, if need build shed, drip plastic sheeting for farm use and the bamboo that also need prepare respective numbers bent etc.; The drip irrigation that fertile irrigate band need be suitable with the seedbed width that supplies water is responsible for and capillary drip irrigation and the respective accessory suitable with seedbed length.
2, the seedbed is built
Carry out rotary tillage in the place of choosing the seedbed; After removing weeds and sharp object etc., use the rotovator ridging and 2 meters left and right sides are processed on the ridge, seedbed wide, the seedbed, slope at certain angle of inclination is arranged; Require the surface, seedbed to possess 150～160 degree left and right sides angles with the horizon; Spread fertilizer over the fields red 2～3 grams of furans/square metre control soil insect then, repave plastic sheeting for farm use, use the soil block compacting all around.
3, insemination and emergence
Dedicated substrate is mixed in the cave dish of packing into behind the water, required that moisture reaches between 60～70% in the matrix, it is agglomerating that promptly hand is pinched matrix; Lose flowing water between finger; The state that scatters naturally in the whereabouts will pass through 1～2 of tobacco kind seed that seed selection, sterilization and seed soaking handle again and broadcast into the cave and coil the aperture middle, require sowing depth 1～1.5 centimetre dark about; Cover water content then on the top layer after the matrix about 80～85%; Put on the seedbed, slope of completing plastic sheeting for farm use broadcasting the cave dish of planting, dish covers the vernalization that is incubated, preserves moisture of one deck plastic sheeting for farm use and emerges in surperficial cave again, and the little shed heat and moisture preserving of plastic covering is also wanted in the outside under the not high situation of weather temperature.Under low temperature condition, the outside, seedbed also will be set up the booth facility and implement the insulation measure.
4, seedbed management
The general temperature of temperature treatment needs 16～20 days from being seeded into the rough leaf birth approximately when 20 ℃ of left and right sides, mainly note the control of seedling culture hole plate mesostroma temperature and moisture; Guarantee temperature between 20～25 ℃, relative moisture must not continue more than 3 days greater than 90% number of days, and in time watches the situation of emerging; Prevent that high temperature from burning bud and excess moisture or very few and not emerging,, cover film completely from sowing to the cross phase; Airtight insulation, preserve moisture, create good conditions for emerging.The length of sealing time is looked climatic variation and tobacco seedling growth situation and is decided.The plastic film hut is grown seedlings, and on cold district is everlasting shed, adds a cover straw screen or mat or other insulation material, prevents that temperature of shed from descending too much.If temperature is too high, can be at two ends the short time aeration-cooling.
Seedling got into before and after the cross phase, and along with temperature gos up, photosynthesis strengthens gradually, and the seedbed should be strengthened ventilated, increases illumination, promoted assimilation to carry out.If when estimating that noon, temperature in the shed surpassed 30 ℃, should be o'clock aeration-cooling up to afternoon 4～5 in the morning 9～10.If mid-term, temperature was too high, cigarette seedling respiration is strengthened, and too much consumes organic substance, burn seedling when serious.Therefore behind the grand cross, according to Changes in weather, the film tube reason is opened two ends, is opened both sides to taking off the lid at night day, makes temperature of shed be controlled at 22～30 ℃, helps the cigarette seedling and steadily and surely grows.If be in for a long time more than 30 ℃ in the film, then cigarette seedling excessive growth, high pin, thin and weak, resistance against disadvantage is poor.Generally take off film about 9 in the morning, must guard against noon and take off film during high temperature, note in time building canopy when temperature is lower than 16 ℃, guarantee the tobacco seedling growth temperature more than 20 ℃, the seedbed ventilating air permeability is good in the time of more than 28 ℃; Must be when noticing simultaneously that rainy day, temperature was higher at the shed top epiphragma, the ventilation that punches all around meets with microthermal climate and need build canopy and keep a full stand of seedings.
After water and fertilizer management treats that seedling culture hole plate is put into the seedbed; Need be high-end on the slope, seedbed, the cave panel surface is set up the fertile facility that supplies water, and it is best generally using the capillary irrigate band; When seedling culture hole plate mesostroma water content or nutrient are not enough; The person in charge carries moisture and nutrient solution to the capillary irrigate band through drip irrigation, irrigates in each dish hole, cave through cave, slope dish to get final product again, and moisture is between 50～70% in the maintenance seedling culture hole plate.
The management of refining seedling according to the field-transplanting needs, was generally transplanted preceding about 10～15 days when 4～5 true leaves of cigarette seedling; When considering to reduce moisture and nutrient supply, tobacco is refined seedling, the main method of refining seedling is; High-end and the low side of seedling culture hole plate on the seedbed divided progressively exchange for 2～3 times, through coercing the cigarette seedling is one-sided, endogenous ethylene increases in the cigarette seedling body; Impel cigarette nursery stock materialization and conduitization, and promote root growth, to cultivate strong sprout; Shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, improve cigarette transplantation of seedlings survival rate.
Thinning and final singling management: should carry out the thinning final singling in the cigarette seedling little cross phase, promptly take out unnecessary cigarette seedling with tweezers, 1 seedling is stayed in every cave, and 1 seedling is mended at the place, hole.Stop preliminary seedling (2%～3%) simultaneously, in order to the usefulness of filling the gaps with seedlings.
Leaf-cutting management:,, every later at a distance from pruning in 5～7 days 1 time, up to Cheng Miao apart from growing point 3～4 centimeters straight snips when cigarette seedling length during to 5 leaves, 1 heart (about about 7 centimetres of plant height).Leaf-cutting requires after seedling leaf dew is done, to carry out, and should carry out disinfection to cut operation personnel and instrument simultaneously, and the broken leaf after the pruning should in time be cleaned out, and prevents infection process.
Pest management cigarette seedling is the nurturing period in the seedbed, because of being in the seedling phase, the easy infection damage by disease and insect.The control of disease is mainly taked to sterilize in advance, do not create susceptible disease evil environment, reduce measures such as seedlings root wound; Promptly behind cigarette young plant Ye Pingzhan; Spray the upright withered clever disinfection of methyl, when whole administration period meets with low temperature environment, reduce liquid manure supply in the dish hole, cave, seedbed, strengthen the insulation measure and reduce humidity; Do not form the low temperature and high relative humidity disease and be prone to the hair ring border, carrying out reducing damage when seedling dish refining seedling moves simultaneously as far as possible root system; To the management of insect pest, main note observing seedbed growth of seedling situation, take duty to check that duty controls the tactful pest control of worm, state is in the early stage eliminated in insect pest.Generally speaking: prevent and treat anthracnose, damping off with 800 times of liquid of mancozeb or 600 times of liquid of zineb; Prevent and treat balck shank, damping off, root rot with 500 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, 900 times of liquid of Propamocarb or 1200 times of liquid of Dong Wangheida; Prevent and treat wildfire with 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulphate; Prevent and treat mosaic disease with 1000 times of liquid of 8% bacterium gram poison gram or the eastern prosperous poison 900 times of liquid that disappear.When finding aphid in the seedbed, 1500 times of liquid sprayings of available Imidacloprid control.
5, transplanting and management when cigarette seedling seedling age be between 7 leaves, 1 heart～8 leaves, 1 heart, when soil moisture content is good, after choosing cloudy day or fine afternoon, get transplantation of seedlings at 4.Note being with substrate block during transplanting, with special-purpose transplant 8-10 centimetre of card punch punching dark after, put it into and transplant in the hole, fill tightly with peripheral fine earth then and urge, and in time water sufficient normal root water.In cigarette transplantation of seedlings process, be also noted that greatly by not applying fertilizer to the subsoil, can not use weed killer herbicide, the transportation that can remove the tobacco seedling try not to damage root system, control soil insect, tobacco seedling and in time take to use measures such as carrying seed manure after becoming to live.
Instance 4: paddy rice slope seedling-cultivating method
1, early-stage preparations
Select the general suitable rice growing season in spring of selecting season, i.e. daily temperature season of being stabilized in about 8～10 ℃ and progressively heating up, generally at the mid or late March in every year before and after Ching Ming Festival early April.
The place is ready to do intends the place of doing the seedbed, generally select leeward on the sunny side, make things convenient for before the room of water and electricity supply the higher plot of physical features behind the house.
Material is ready to paddy rice slope grow seedlings necessary matrix, special-purpose seed manure, seed rice, and is ready to relevant plastic sheeting for farm use and fertile irrigate band or the water pipe of supplying water.Wherein: matrix is prepared, and mainly selects vermiculite or perlite and peat composed of rotten mosses ratio to remain on about 1: 2～2.5, or directly uses through the even preferably fine deposit soil of sponginess, moisture capacity and gas permeability after the sterilization acid adjustment and do matrix; Special-purpose seed manure preparation, mainly according to rice seedling needs in each, according to following proportion preparing nutrient solution: purity nitrogen concentration is 305mg/L～950mg/L in period; Available phosphorus concentration is at 155mg/L～480mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 150mg/L～450mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.93mg/L～9.29mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 32mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.58mg/L～25.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.8mg/L～28.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.88mg/L～15.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～6.8; The seed per kilogram of removing unfilled gtains of will basking seeds and sort seed by salt water before the sowing restrains " strong chlorine oil " with 1 and adds water and stir, and soaks after 24 hours, changes the warm water cleaning again and soak to let seed fully suction moisture in 24～48 hours; Will change primary water every day at least during seed soaking; The number needs of plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared suitable with the seedbed area, if need build shed, drip plastic sheeting for farm use and the bamboo that also need prepare respective numbers bent etc.; The drip irrigation that fertile irrigate band need be suitable with the seedbed width that supplies water is responsible for and capillary drip irrigation and the respective accessory suitable with seedbed length.
2, the seedbed is built
Carry out rotary tillage in the place of choosing the seedbed; After removing weeds and sharp object etc.; Use the rotovator ridging and the seedbed, slope at certain angle of inclination is processed on the ridge, seedbed, require the surface, seedbed to possess 160～170 degree left and right sides angles, spread fertilizer over the fields red 2～3 grams of furans/square metre control soil insect then with the horizon; Repave plastic sheeting for farm use, use the soil block compacting all around.
3, insemination and emergence
At first plastic sheeting for farm use is routed on the seedbed, slope, directly evenly is laid on the seedbed, slope after again matrix being mixed water, keep thickness about 3～5 centimetres; Moisture reaches between 80～90% in the requirement matrix; It is agglomerating to be that hand is pinched matrix, and visible flowing water between finger will pass through seed selection, the paddy rice kind seed of the processing of basking seeds and soak seed evenly is sprinkled in the matrix again; Cover the matrix of water content about 80～85% then on the top layer; Thickness is with seed degree of being at present not, covers the vernalization that is incubated, preserves moisture of one deck plastic sheeting for farm use in stromal surface again and emerges, and the little shed heat and moisture preserving of plastic covering is also wanted in the outside under the not high situation of weather temperature.
4, seedbed management
Be main with the epiphragma insulation before temperature treatment rice shoot 2 leaves 1 heart, fine day will in time be taken off film refining seedling after 2 leaves, 1 heart, prevents that high temperature from burning seedling, generally takes off film behind the existing green grass or young crops in after planting 5-7 days, crosses when slow delicate seedling and meets with anomalous weather and be prone to cause dead seedling.Take off film fine noon, and seedling is withered easily.
After water and fertilizer management treats that seedling medium is routed on the seedbed, need be high-end on the slope, seedbed, stromal surface is set up the fertile facility that supplies water; General to use the capillary irrigate band be best, when water content of substrate or nutrient are not enough, are responsible for to the capillary irrigate band through drip irrigation and carry moisture and nutrient solution; Irrigate in the matrix through the slope again, keep in the seedling medium moisture between 50～70%, as matrix turn white, evening no dew or can supply water on a small quantity when noon, the blade clot appearred in rice shoot; After rice shoot was taken off film, it was too early unsuitable to water for the first time, and will irrigate for the first time; General not clot of rice shoot blade, blade tip has dew, and not lack of water of rice shoot is described; The whole seedling phase will be controlled the number of times that waters, and prevents rice shoot excessive growth.
The management of refining seedling is treated rice shoot length behind 2 leaves, 1 heart, when considering to reduce moisture and nutrient supply, paddy rice is refined seedling; The refining seedling main method be, with plastic foil drag make high-end and the low side of matrix on the seedbed carry out 2～3 times the exchange, through coercing to rice shoot is one-sided; Endogenous ethylene increases in the rice shoot body, impels lignification and conduitization, and promotes root growth; To cultivate strong sprout, shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, improve survival rate.
The pest management rice shoot is the nurturing period in the seedbed, because of being in the seedling phase, the easy infection damage by disease and insect.The control of disease is mainly taked to sterilize in advance; Do not create susceptible disease evil environment, reduce measures such as seedlings root wound, promptly after going out cotyledon; Select every square metre of afternoon to convert 1～2 kilogram of ratio even spraying of water or to sprinkle and execute with 70% " fenaminosulf " 5 grams; Soup is fully infiltrated in the matrix, when whole administration period meets with low temperature environment, reduce the supply of matrix liquid manure, strengthen the insulation measure and reduce humidity; Do not form the low temperature and high relative humidity disease and be prone to the hair ring border, when refining seedling and move, reduce damage simultaneously as far as possible root system; To the management of insect pest, main note observing seedbed growth of seedling situation, take duty to check that duty controls the tactful pest control of worm, state is in the early stage eliminated in insect pest.Major measure is: reach 3 leaves, 1 heart after emerging and in time with 70% fenaminosulf wetting powder 25 grams 30 kilograms of even spraying of water are prevented and treated rice seedling blight; If finding to have the root aphid to convert water with 50 milliliters of 5% imidacloprid wp missible oil carries out drip irrigation type through the fertile system that supplies water for 50 kilograms and irritates the root control; Rice shoot is being transplanted the previous day; Tricyclazole 20 grams of every mu of usefulness 75% are converted water and are sprayed for 50 kilograms, control rice warm disease.
5, the transplanting and management rice shoot is generally taked early to plant in good time, robs and plants middle seedling, and note the carrying substrates surface planting, is beneficial to early growth and quick tiller.
Instance 5: corn slope seedling-cultivating method
1, early-stage preparations
Select season the corn nursery stage to confirm harvest time in late autumn according to entering time in rainy season, previous crops.The mountain area that cools, corn growing season is longer, can grow seedlings the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in March to April, in, northern the greater part and irrigated land, just can grow seedlings the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in April to May, grows seedlings in the serious area of arid in May, the last ten-days period (finish in the climate and other natural phenomena of a season the Beginning of summer).The greater part, south requires not tight to the corn seeding phase, it is fixed to come according to the rainwater situation.
The place is ready to do intends the place of doing the seedbed, generally select leeward on the sunny side, make things convenient for before the room of water and electricity supply the higher plot of physical features behind the house.
Material is ready to corn slope grow seedlings necessary dedicated substrate, special-purpose seed manure, special-purpose cave dish, corn kind, and is ready to relevant plastic sheeting for farm use and fertile irrigate band or the water pipe of supplying water.Wherein: the dedicated substrate preparation, mainly select vermiculite or perlite and peat composed of rotten mosses ratio to remain on about 1: 1～1.5; Special-purpose seed manure preparation, mainly according to corn needs in each, according to following proportion preparing nutrient solution: purity nitrogen concentration is 112mg/L～245mg/L in period; Available phosphorus concentration is at 152mg/L～220mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 141mg/L～230mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.92mg/L～5.9mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 32mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.8mg/L～18.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.5mg/L～18.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.78mg/L～15.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～6.8; Special-purpose cave is coiled and is adopted 162 holes (18 * 9), and pore size is 3cm * 3cm * 5.2cm, and the hole, cave is the little down black plastic cave dish of big four prisms cylinder; The corn kind can select for use high-quality, high yield, ripe phase moderate, is suitable for the hybridization breeding of dense planting, two days prior to seeding, basks seeds when weather is fine 2～4 hours; The number needs of plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared suitable with the seedbed area, if need build shed, drip plastic sheeting for farm use and the bamboo that also need prepare respective numbers bent etc.; The drip irrigation that fertile irrigate band need be suitable with the seedbed width that supplies water is responsible for and capillary drip irrigation and the respective accessory suitable with seedbed length.
2, the seedbed is built
Carry out rotary tillage in the place of choosing the seedbed; After removing weeds and sharp object etc., use the rotovator ridging and 2 meters left and right sides are processed on the ridge, seedbed wide, the seedbed, slope at certain angle of inclination is arranged; Require the surface, seedbed to possess 140～150 degree left and right sides angles with the horizon; Spread fertilizer over the fields red 2～3 grams of furans/square metre control soil insect then, repave plastic sheeting for farm use, use the soil block compacting all around.
3, insemination and emergence
Dedicated substrate is mixed in the cave dish of packing into behind the water, required that moisture reaches between 60～70% in the matrix, it is agglomerating that promptly hand is pinched matrix; Lose flowing water between finger; The state that scatters naturally in the whereabouts will pass through seed selection again and broadcasting into dish aperture middle, cave with the corn kind seed of handling of basking seeds, require sowing depth 1～1.5 centimetre dark about; Cover water content then on the top layer after the matrix about 80～85%; Put on the seedbed, slope of completing plastic sheeting for farm use broadcasting the cave dish of planting, dish covers the vernalization that is incubated, preserves moisture of one deck plastic sheeting for farm use and emerges in surperficial cave again, and the little shed heat and moisture preserving of plastic covering is also wanted in the outside under the not high situation of weather temperature.
4, seedbed management
The general corn seed of temperature treatment just began to germinate in 2～3 days; The main control of noting seedling culture hole plate mesostroma temperature and moisture; And in time watch the situation of emerging; Prevent that high temperature from burning bud and excess moisture or very few and not emerging, when treating that seedling culture hole plate sprouts 60% left and right sides, the plastic sheeting for farm use that in time the seedling culture hole plate top layer is covered is progressively opened.To in time take off canopy when temperature of shed is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilate, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling, generally take off film refining seedling in the morning about 9, must guard against noon and take off film during high temperature, note in time building canopy when temperature is lower than 16 ℃, guarantee that the maize seedling growth temperature is more than 12 ℃; The seedbed ventilating air permeability is good in the time of more than 28 ℃; Must be when noticing simultaneously that rainy day, temperature was higher at the shed top epiphragma, the ventilation that punches all around meets with microthermal climate and need build canopy and keep a full stand of seedings.
After water and fertilizer management treats that seedling culture hole plate is put into the seedbed; Need be high-end on the slope, seedbed, the cave panel surface is set up the fertile facility that supplies water, and it is best generally using the capillary irrigate band; When seedling culture hole plate mesostroma water content or nutrient are not enough; The person in charge carries moisture and nutrient solution to the capillary irrigate band through drip irrigation, irrigates in each dish hole, cave through cave, slope dish to get final product again, and moisture is between 50～70% in the maintenance seedling culture hole plate.
The management of refining seedling is treated maize seedling length after 1 leaf, 1 heart, according to the field-transplanting needs, and general the transplanting preceding about 7～10 days; Do not cover the canopy film round the clock, when considering to reduce moisture and nutrient supply, corn is refined seedling; The main method of refining seedling is the high-end and low side of seedling culture hole plate on the seedbed to be carried out 2～3 times exchange, through coercing maize seedling is one-sided; Endogenous ethylene increases in the maize seedling body, impels maize seedling lignification and conduitization, and promotes root growth; To cultivate strong sprout, shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, improve the maize seedling transplanting survival rate.
The pest management maize seedling is the nurturing period in the seedbed, as long as proper, disease-free basically to the management control of disease; Mainly take to sterilize in advance, do not create susceptible disease evil environment, reduce measures such as seedlings root wound; After the maize seedling cotyledon is open and flat, sprays the sky immediately and reach special use in 2116 strong sprouts and add 96% day and reach to dislike mould spirit or spray the sky and reach 2116 drought resisting tailored version in strong sprout and gamma cyhalothrins, 7 days at interval; Connect and spray 2 times, to promote root growth, the control seedling stage diseases and pests;, reduces whole administration period liquid manure supply in the dish hole, cave, seedbed when meeting with low temperature environment; Strengthen the insulation measure and reduce humidity, do not form the low temperature and high relative humidity disease and be prone to the hair ring border, can prevent disease in the damage of carrying out reducing root system when seedling dish refining seedling moves as far as possible simultaneously; To the management of insect pest, main note observing seedbed growth of seedling situation, take duty to check that duty controls the tactful pest control of worm, state is in the early stage eliminated in insect pest.
5, transplanting and management when the maize seedling seedling age be between 2 leaves, 1 heart～4 leaves, 1 heart, when soil moisture content is good, after choosing cloudy day or fine afternoon, get transplantation of seedlings at 4.Note being with substrate block during transplanting, with special-purpose transplant 8-10 centimetre of card punch punching dark after, put it into and transplant in the hole, fill tightly with peripheral fine earth then and urge, and in time water sufficient normal root water.Be also noted that in maize seedling transplanting process the land for growing field crops can not apply fertilizer to the subsoil, can not use weed killer herbicide, the transportation that can remove corn seedling try not to damage root system, control soil insect, maize seedling and in time take to use measures such as carrying seed manure after becoming to live.
Instance 6: melon and fruit slope seedling-cultivating method
1, early-stage preparations
Select the general suitable melon and fruit sowing season in spring of selecting season, promptly daily temperature season of being stabilized in about 18 ℃ and progressively heating up is general between the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May in every year.
The place is ready to do intends the place of doing the seedbed, generally select leeward on the sunny side, make things convenient for before the room of water and electricity supply the higher plot of physical features behind the house.
Material is ready to melon and fruit slope grow seedlings necessary dedicated substrate, special-purpose seed manure, special-purpose cave dish, melon and fruit seed, and is ready to relevant plastic sheeting for farm use and fertile irrigate band or the water pipe of supplying water.Wherein: the dedicated substrate preparation, mainly select vermiculite or perlite and peat composed of rotten mosses ratio to remain on about 1: 1～1.5; Special-purpose seed manure preparation, mainly according to melon and fruit seedling needs in each, according to following proportion preparing nutrient solution: purity nitrogen concentration is 110mg/L～245mg/L in period; Available phosphorus concentration is at 160mg/L～480mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 160mg/L～500mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.93mg/L～9.29mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 18mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.5mg/L～25.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.8mg/L～28.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.88mg/L～15.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～6.8; Special-purpose cave is coiled and is adopted 162 holes (18 * 9), and pore size is 3cm * 3cm * 5.2cm, and the hole, cave is the little down black plastic cave dish of big four prisms cylinder; But melon and fruit seed market hybridization commonly used commodity melon and fruit seed also can use conventional melon and fruit kind, needs selected melon and fruit seed before use, basks seeds then 3～4 days, promotes seed afterripening, and breaking dormancy improves melon and fruit seed bud rate; The number needs of plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared suitable with the seedbed area, if need build shed, drip plastic sheeting for farm use and the bamboo that also need prepare respective numbers bent etc.; The drip irrigation that fertile irrigate band need be suitable with the seedbed width that supplies water is responsible for and capillary drip irrigation and the respective accessory suitable with seedbed length.
2, the seedbed is built
Carry out rotary tillage in the place of choosing the seedbed; After removing weeds and sharp object etc.; Use the rotovator ridging and the seedbed, slope at certain angle of inclination is processed on the ridge, seedbed, require the surface, seedbed to possess 150～160 degree left and right sides angles, spread fertilizer over the fields red 2～3 grams of furans/square metre control soil insect then with the horizon; Repave plastic sheeting for farm use, use the soil block compacting all around.
3, insemination and emergence
Dedicated substrate is mixed in the cave dish of packing into behind the water, required that moisture reaches between 60～70% in the matrix, it is agglomerating that promptly hand is pinched matrix; Lose flowing water between finger, the state that scatters naturally in the whereabouts will pass through seed selection again and broadcast into dish aperture middle, cave with the melon and fruit seed seed of handling of basking seeds; Require sowing depth 1.5～2 centimetres dark about; Cover 1.5～2 centimetres of left and right sides then on the top layer thick, and water content is put on the seedbed, slope of completing plastic sheeting for farm use broadcasting the cave dish of planting after the matrix about 80～85%; Dish covers the vernalization that is incubated, preserves moisture of one deck plastic sheeting for farm use and emerges in surperficial cave again, and the little shed heat and moisture preserving of plastic covering is also wanted in the outside under the not high situation of weather temperature.
4, seedbed management
The general temperature of temperature treatment is when 20 ℃ of left and right sides; The melon and fruit seed just began to germinate in 2～3 days; The main control of noting seedling culture hole plate mesostroma temperature and moisture, and in time watch the situation of emerging prevents that high temperature burning bud and excess moisture or very few from not emerging; When treating that seedling culture hole plate sprouts 60% left and right sides, the plastic sheeting for farm use that in time the seedling culture hole plate top layer is covered is progressively opened.To in time take off canopy when temperature of shed is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilate, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling, generally take off film refining seedling in the morning about 9; Must guard against and take off film noon during high temperature; Note in time building canopy when temperature is lower than 16 ℃, guarantee melon and fruit seedling early growth temperature more than 15 ℃, the seedbed ventilating air permeability is good in the time of more than 28 ℃; Must be when noticing simultaneously that rainy day, temperature was higher at the shed top epiphragma, the ventilation that punches all around meets with microthermal climate and need build canopy and keep a full stand of seedings.
After water and fertilizer management treats that seedling culture hole plate is put into the seedbed; Need be high-end on the slope, seedbed, the cave panel surface is set up the fertile facility that supplies water, and it is best generally using the capillary irrigate band; When seedling culture hole plate mesostroma water content or nutrient are not enough; The person in charge carries moisture and nutrient solution to the capillary irrigate band through drip irrigation, irrigates in each dish hole, cave through cave, slope dish to get final product again, and moisture is between 50～70% in the maintenance seedling culture hole plate.
The management of refining seedling is treated melon and fruit seedling length after 1 leaf, 1 heart, according to the field-transplanting needs, and general the transplanting preceding about 7～10 days; When considering to reduce moisture and nutrient supply, melon and fruit is refined seedling, the main method of refining seedling is; High-end and the low side of seedling culture hole plate on the seedbed divided progressively exchange for 2～3 times, through coercing the melon and fruit seedling is one-sided, endogenous ethylene increases in the melon and fruit seedling body; Impel melon and fruit seedling lignification and conduitization, and promote root growth, to cultivate strong sprout; Shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, improve melon and fruit seedling transplanting survival rate.
Pest management melon and fruit seedling is the nurturing period in the seedbed, because of being in the seedling phase, the easy infection damage by disease and insect.The control of disease is mainly taked to sterilize in advance, do not create susceptible disease evil environment, reduce measures such as seedlings root wound; Promptly after melon and fruit seedling cotyledon is open and flat; Spray the upright withered clever disinfection of methyl, when whole administration period meets with low temperature environment, reduce liquid manure supply in the dish hole, cave, seedbed, strengthen the insulation measure and reduce humidity; Do not form the low temperature and high relative humidity disease and be prone to the hair ring border, carrying out reducing damage when seedling dish refining seedling moves simultaneously as far as possible root system; To the management of insect pest, main note observing seedbed growth of seedling situation, take duty to check that duty controls the tactful pest control of worm, state is in the early stage eliminated in insect pest.Generally speaking: prevent and treat anthracnose, damping off with 800 times of liquid of mancozeb or 600 times of liquid of zineb; Prevent and treat balck shank, damping off, root rot with 500 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, 900 times of liquid of Propamocarb or 1200 times of liquid of Dong Wangheida; When finding aphid in the seedbed, 1500 times of liquid sprayings of available Imidacloprid control.
5, transplanting and management when melon and fruit seedling seedling age be between 2 leaves, 1 heart～4 leaves, 1 heart, red shank when soil moisture content is good, after choosing cloudy day or fine afternoon, is got transplantation of seedlings at 4 than greater than 1/2 behind the refining seedling.Note being with substrate block during transplanting, with special-purpose transplant 8-10 centimetre of card punch punching dark after, put it into and transplant in the hole, fill tightly with peripheral fine earth then and urge, and in time water sufficient normal root water.In melon and fruit kind transplantation of seedlings process, be also noted that after the land for growing field crops can not apply fertilizer to the subsoil, can not use weed killer herbicide, the transportation of melon and fruit to try not to damage root system, anti-underground insect, the work of melon and fruit seedling one-tenth and in time take to use measures such as carrying seed manure.
Instance 7: flowers slope seedling-cultivating method
1, early-stage preparations
Select the general suitable flowers sowing season in spring of selecting season, promptly daily temperature season of being stabilized in about 18 ℃ and progressively heating up is general between the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May in every year.
The place is ready to do intends the place of doing the seedbed, generally select leeward on the sunny side, make things convenient for before the room of water and electricity supply the higher plot of physical features behind the house.
Material is ready to flowers slope grow seedlings necessary dedicated substrate, special-purpose seed manure, special-purpose cave dish, flowers kind, and is ready to relevant plastic sheeting for farm use and fertile irrigate band or the water pipe of supplying water.Wherein: the dedicated substrate preparation, mainly select vermiculite or perlite and peat composed of rotten mosses ratio to remain on about 1: 1～1.5; Special-purpose seed manure preparation, mainly according to flowers seedling needs in each, according to following proportion preparing nutrient solution: purity nitrogen concentration is 82mg/L～244mg/L in period; Available phosphorus concentration is at 18mg/L～59mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 18mg/L～59mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.92mg/L～8.9mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 32mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.5mg/L～28.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.5mg/L～28.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.78mg/L～25.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～6.8; Special-purpose cave is coiled and is adopted 162 holes (18 * 9), and pore size is 3cm * 3cm * 5.2cm, and the hole, cave is the little down black plastic cave dish of big four prisms cylinder; But flowers kind market hybridization commonly used commodity flowers kind also can be used conventional flowers kind, needs selected flower seed before use, basks seeds then 3～4 days, promotes seed afterripening, and breaking dormancy improves flowers kind bud rate; The number needs of plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared suitable with the seedbed area, if need build shed, drip plastic sheeting for farm use and the bamboo that also need prepare respective numbers bent etc.; The drip irrigation that fertile irrigate band need be suitable with the seedbed width that supplies water is responsible for and capillary drip irrigation and the respective accessory suitable with seedbed length.
2, the seedbed is built
Carry out rotary tillage in the place of choosing the seedbed; After removing weeds and sharp object etc., use the rotovator ridging and 2 meters left and right sides are processed on the ridge, seedbed wide, the seedbed, slope at certain angle of inclination is arranged; Require the surface, seedbed to possess 150～160 degree left and right sides angles with the horizon; Spread fertilizer over the fields red 2～3 grams of furans/square metre control soil insect then, repave plastic sheeting for farm use, use the soil block compacting all around.
3, insemination and emergence
Dedicated substrate is mixed in the cave dish of packing into behind the water, required that moisture reaches between 60～70% in the matrix, it is agglomerating that promptly hand is pinched matrix; Lose flowing water between finger, the state that scatters naturally in the whereabouts will pass through seed selection again and broadcast into dish aperture middle, cave with the flowers kind seed of handling of basking seeds; Require sowing depth 1.5～2 centimetres dark about; Cover 1.5～2 centimetres of left and right sides then on the top layer thick, and water content is put on the seedbed, slope of completing plastic sheeting for farm use broadcasting the cave dish of planting after the matrix about 80～85%; Dish covers the vernalization that is incubated, preserves moisture of one deck plastic sheeting for farm use and emerges in surperficial cave again, and the little shed heat and moisture preserving of plastic covering is also wanted in the outside under the not high situation of weather temperature.
4, seedbed management
The general temperature of temperature treatment is when 20 ℃ of left and right sides; Flower seed just began to germinate in 2～3 days; The main control of noting seedling culture hole plate mesostroma temperature and moisture, and in time watch the situation of emerging prevents that high temperature burning bud and excess moisture or very few from not emerging; When treating that seedling culture hole plate sprouts 60% left and right sides, the plastic sheeting for farm use that in time the seedling culture hole plate top layer is covered is progressively opened.To in time take off canopy when temperature of shed is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilate, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling, generally take off film refining seedling in the morning about 9; Must guard against and take off film noon during high temperature; Note in time building canopy when temperature is lower than 16 ℃, guarantee flowers seedling growth temperature more than 15 ℃, the seedbed ventilating air permeability is good in the time of more than 28 ℃; Must be when noticing simultaneously that rainy day, temperature was higher at the shed top epiphragma, the ventilation that punches all around meets with microthermal climate and need build canopy and keep a full stand of seedings.
After water and fertilizer management treats that seedling culture hole plate is put into the seedbed; Need be high-end on the slope, seedbed, the cave panel surface is set up the fertile facility that supplies water, and it is best generally using the capillary irrigate band; When seedling culture hole plate mesostroma water content or nutrient are not enough; The person in charge carries moisture and nutrient solution to the capillary irrigate band through drip irrigation, irrigates in each dish hole, cave through cave, slope dish to get final product again, and moisture is between 50～70% in the maintenance seedling culture hole plate.
The management of refining seedling is treated flowers seedling length after 1 leaf, 1 heart, according to the transplanting needs, and general the transplanting preceding about 7～10 days; When considering to reduce moisture and nutrient supply, flowers are refined seedling, the main method of refining seedling is; High-end and the low side of seedling culture hole plate on the seedbed divided progressively exchange for 2～3 times, through coercing the flowers seedling is one-sided, endogenous ethylene increases in the flowers seedling body; Impel flower plants and nursery stock materialization and conduitization, and promote root growth, to cultivate strong sprout; Shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, improve flowers transplantation of seedlings survival rate.
Pest management flowers seedling is the nurturing period in the seedbed, because of being in the seedling phase, the easy infection damage by disease and insect.The control of disease is mainly taked to sterilize in advance, do not create susceptible disease evil environment, reduce measures such as seedlings root wound; Promptly behind flowers young plant Ye Pingzhan; Spray the upright withered clever disinfection of methyl, when whole administration period meets with low temperature environment, reduce liquid manure supply in the dish hole, cave, seedbed, strengthen the insulation measure and reduce humidity; Do not form the low temperature and high relative humidity disease and be prone to the hair ring border, carrying out reducing damage when seedling dish refining seedling moves simultaneously as far as possible root system; To the management of insect pest, main note observing seedbed growth of seedling situation, take duty to check that duty controls the tactful pest control of worm, state is in the early stage eliminated in insect pest.Generally speaking: prevent and treat anthracnose, damping off with 800 times of liquid of mancozeb or 600 times of liquid of zineb; Prevent and treat balck shank, damping off, root rot with 500 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, 900 times of liquid of Propamocarb or 1200 times of liquid of Dong Wangheida; When finding aphid in the seedbed, 1500 times of liquid sprayings of available Imidacloprid control.
5, transplanting and management when flowers seedling seedling age be between 2 leaves, 1 heart～4 leaves, 1 heart, red shank when soil moisture content is good, after choosing cloudy day or fine afternoon, is got transplantation of seedlings at 4 than greater than 1/2 behind the refining seedling.Note being with substrate block during transplanting, with special-purpose transplant 8-10 centimetre of card punch punching dark after, put it into and transplant in the hole, fill tightly with peripheral fine earth then and urge, and in time water sufficient normal root water.In flowers transplantation of seedlings process, be also noted that after weed killer herbicide, the transportation that can not apply fertilizer to the subsoil, can not use except that flowers try not to damage root system, anti-underground insect, the work of flowers seedling one-tenth and in time take to use measures such as carrying seed manure.
Instance 8: Chinese herbal medicine slope seedling-cultivating method
1, early-stage preparations
Select the general suitable Chinese herbal medicine sowing season in spring of selecting season, promptly daily temperature season of being stabilized in about 18 ℃ and progressively heating up is general between the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May in every year.
The place is ready to do intends the place of doing the seedbed, generally select leeward on the sunny side, make things convenient for before the room of water and electricity supply the higher plot of physical features behind the house.
Material is ready to Chinese herbal medicine slope grow seedlings necessary dedicated substrate, special-purpose seed manure, special-purpose cave dish, medium-height grass pharmacopoeia, and is ready to relevant plastic sheeting for farm use and fertile irrigate band or the water pipe of supplying water.Wherein: the dedicated substrate preparation, mainly select vermiculite or perlite and peat composed of rotten mosses ratio to remain on about 1: 1～1.5; Special-purpose seed manure preparation, mainly according to Chinese herbal medicine seedling needs in each, according to following proportion preparing nutrient solution: purity nitrogen concentration is 82mg/L～244mg/L in period; Available phosphorus concentration is at 18mg/L～59mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 18mg/L～59mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.92mg/L～8.9mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 32mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.5mg/L～28.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.5mg/L～28.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.78mg/L～25.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～6.8; Special-purpose cave is coiled and is adopted 162 holes (18 * 9), and pore size is 3cm * 3cm * 5.2cm, and the hole, cave is the little down black plastic cave dish of big four prisms cylinder; But medium-height grass pharmacopoeia market hybridization commonly used commodity medium-height grass pharmacopoeia also can be used conventional medium-height grass pharmacopoeia, needs selected Chinese herbal medicine before use, basks seeds then 3～4 days, promotes seed afterripening, and breaking dormancy improves medium-height grass pharmacopoeia bud rate; The number needs of plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared suitable with the seedbed area, if need build shed, drip plastic sheeting for farm use and the bamboo that also need prepare respective numbers bent etc.; The drip irrigation that fertile irrigate band need be suitable with the seedbed width that supplies water is responsible for and capillary drip irrigation and the respective accessory suitable with seedbed length.
2, the seedbed is built
Carry out rotary tillage in the place of choosing the seedbed; After removing weeds and sharp object etc.; Use the rotovator ridging and the seedbed, slope at certain angle of inclination is processed on the ridge, seedbed, require the surface, seedbed to possess 150～160 degree left and right sides angles, spread fertilizer over the fields red 2～3 grams of furans/square metre control soil insect then with the horizon; Repave plastic sheeting for farm use, use the soil block compacting all around.
3, insemination and emergence
Dedicated substrate is mixed in the cave dish of packing into behind the water, required that moisture reaches between 60～70% in the matrix, it is agglomerating that promptly hand is pinched matrix; Lose flowing water between finger, the state that scatters naturally in the whereabouts will pass through seed selection again and broadcast into dish aperture middle, cave with the Chinese herbal medicine kind seed of handling of basking seeds; Require sowing depth 1.5～2 centimetres dark about; Cover 1.5～2 centimetres of left and right sides then on the top layer thick, and water content is put on the seedbed, slope of completing plastic sheeting for farm use broadcasting the cave dish of planting after the matrix about 80～85%; Dish covers the vernalization that is incubated, preserves moisture of one deck plastic sheeting for farm use and emerges in surperficial cave again, and the little shed heat and moisture preserving of plastic covering is also wanted in the outside under the not high situation of weather temperature.
4, seedbed management
The general temperature of temperature treatment is when 20 ℃ of left and right sides; The Chinese herbal medicine seed just began to germinate in 2～3 days; The main control of noting seedling culture hole plate mesostroma temperature and moisture, and in time watch the situation of emerging prevents that high temperature burning bud and excess moisture or very few from not emerging; When treating that seedling culture hole plate sprouts 60% left and right sides, the plastic sheeting for farm use that in time the seedling culture hole plate top layer is covered is progressively opened.To in time take off canopy when temperature of shed is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilate, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling, generally take off film refining seedling in the morning about 9; Must guard against and take off film noon during high temperature; Note in time building canopy when temperature is lower than 16 ℃, guarantee Chinese herbal medicine seedling growth temperature more than 15 ℃, the seedbed ventilating air permeability is good in the time of more than 28 ℃; Must be when noticing simultaneously that rainy day, temperature was higher at the shed top epiphragma, the ventilation that punches all around meets with microthermal climate and need build canopy and keep a full stand of seedings.
After water and fertilizer management treats that seedling culture hole plate is put into the seedbed; Need be high-end on the slope, seedbed, the cave panel surface is set up the fertile facility that supplies water, and it is best generally using the capillary irrigate band; When seedling culture hole plate mesostroma water content or nutrient are not enough; The person in charge carries moisture and nutrient solution to the capillary irrigate band through drip irrigation, irrigates in each dish hole, cave through cave, slope dish to get final product again, and moisture is between 50～70% in the maintenance seedling culture hole plate.
The management of refining seedling is treated Chinese herbal medicine seedling length after 1 leaf, 1 heart, according to the field-transplanting needs, and general the transplanting preceding about 7～10 days; When considering to reduce moisture and nutrient supply, Chinese herbal medicine is refined seedling, the main method of refining seedling is; High-end and the low side of seedling culture hole plate on the seedbed divided progressively exchange for 2～3 times, through coercing the Chinese herbal medicine seedling is one-sided, endogenous ethylene increases in the Chinese herbal medicine seedling body; Impel Chinese herbal medicine nursery stock materialization and conduitization, and promote root growth, to cultivate strong sprout; Shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, improve Chinese herbal medicine transplantation of seedlings survival rate.
Pest management Chinese herbal medicine seedling is the nurturing period in the seedbed, because of being in the seedling phase, the easy infection damage by disease and insect.The control of disease is mainly taked to sterilize in advance, do not create susceptible disease evil environment, reduce measures such as seedlings root wound; Promptly behind Chinese herbal medicine young plant Ye Pingzhan; Spray the upright withered clever disinfection of methyl, when whole administration period meets with low temperature environment, reduce liquid manure supply in the dish hole, cave, seedbed, strengthen the insulation measure and reduce humidity; Do not form the low temperature and high relative humidity disease and be prone to the hair ring border, carrying out reducing damage when seedling dish refining seedling moves simultaneously as far as possible root system; To the management of insect pest, main note observing seedbed growth of seedling situation, take duty to check that duty controls the tactful pest control of worm, state is in the early stage eliminated in insect pest.Generally speaking: prevent and treat anthracnose, damping off with 800 times of liquid of mancozeb or 600 times of liquid of zineb; Prevent and treat balck shank, damping off, root rot with 500 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, 900 times of liquid of Propamocarb or 1200 times of liquid of Dong Wangheida; When finding aphid in the seedbed, 1500 times of liquid sprayings of available Imidacloprid control.
5, transplanting and management when Chinese herbal medicine seedling seedling age be between 2 leaves, 1 heart～4 leaves, 1 heart, red shank when soil moisture content is good, after choosing cloudy day or fine afternoon, is got transplantation of seedlings at 4 than greater than 1/2 behind the refining seedling.Note being with substrate block during transplanting, with special-purpose transplant 8-10 centimetre of card punch punching dark after, put it into and transplant in the hole, fill tightly with peripheral fine earth then and urge, and in time water sufficient normal root water.Be also noted that in Chinese herbal medicine transplantation of seedlings process the land for growing field crops can not apply fertilizer to the subsoil, can not use weed killer herbicide except that dicotyledon, transportation to try not to damage insects, Chinese herbal medicine seedlings such as root system, anti-cutworm, snail and in time take to use measures such as carrying seed manure after becoming to live.
Claims (17)
1. crops slope seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that: growing seedlings season, with seedling medium or be filled with the porous seedling culture hole plate of seedling medium; Be placed on and have certain angle of inclination, the surface is covered with or is not covered with on the seedbed, slope of barrier material, high-end water supply, the fertilizer facility of setting up in the seedbed, slope; Utilize inclined-plane, slope guide functions; Water, fertilizer are provided in seedling medium, impel wherein agronomic crop seed germination of implantation, take root, grow, through seedling management; Treat that the crops seedling reaches suitable transplanting seedling age, play transplantation of seedlings.
2. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said crops relate to cotton, paddy rice, corn, tobacco, vegetables, melon and fruit, flowers and Chinese herbal medicine.
3. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: seedbed, said slope refer to the grow seedlings seedbed upper surface and the surface water horizontal line that are adopted has certain angle, and angular range is between 90～180 degree.
4. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the seedbed, slope of growing seedlings high-end set up fixing or removable water supply, fertile facility; The required liquid manure of growing seedlings is through inclined-plane, slope water conservancy diversion; Required water, fertilizer are provided for growing seedlings, and said water supply, fertile facility can be water pipe, tank, drip irrigation pipe, drip irrigation groove, spray irrigation pipe or sprinkling irrigation groove, also can be permeable membrane, osmos tube, permeable tank.
5. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said seedling medium can be soil or non-soil formed material or its mixture, and one or more in bulk material, jointing material, rooting promoter, derivant, change control agent, water-loss reducer, conditioning agent, bactericide or the disinfectant are added or do not added in the centre.
6. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said fertilizer is water-soluble fertilizer, nutrient solution prescription that its water-soluble back forms is: purity nitrogen concentration is 82mg/L～245mg/L or 305mg/L～950mg/L; Available phosphorus concentration is at 18mg/L～59mg/L or 152mg/L～480mg/L; Effectively potassium concn is at 18mg/L～59mg/L or 141mg/L～500mg/L; Copper concentration is at 0.92mg/L～9.29mg/L; Concentration of iron is at 32mg/L～90mg/L; Manganese concentration is at 4.5mg/L～28.8mg/L; Zinc concentration is at 3.5mg/L～28.99mg/L; Boron concentration is at 2.78mg/L～25.88mg/L, and liquid PH value is between 5～7, and one or more in rooting promoter, derivant, change control agent, water-loss reducer, conditioning agent, bactericide or the disinfectant are added or do not added in the centre.
7. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the said used porous seedling culture hole plate of growing seedlings can be foam cave dish, plastics cave dish, activity or fixed mesh cave dish, use in the cave cavernous structure facility that certain medium cuts off one or more; Can be in bottom, hole or the porose or atresia in chamber, limit, hole.
8. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the said seedbed of being adopted of growing seedlings can be seedbed, the face of land, also can be the framework single or multiple lift stereochemical structure facility of growing seedlings, perhaps both combinations.
9. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said crop seeds refers to that crops have dressing or dressing, vernalization or not vernalization planting material or propagating materials, comprise the one or more combination of seed, fruit and root, stem, seedling, bud, leaf, embryo.
10. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said seedling management refers between nursery stage the management to growth key elements such as the sunlight that influences crop growth, water, temperature, air, nutrient, growth hormone.
11. like claim 1,10 said crops slope seedling-cultivating method; It is characterized in that: between nursery stage; Can be through progressively or directly on the seedbed, slope, high-end and the low side of seedling culture hole plate is partly or entirely exchanged increase crops endogenous ethylene amount; Thereby promote seedling lignification and conduitization, and promote root growth.
12. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: suitable transplanting seedling age scope is between 1 leaf, 1 heart to 8 leaf, 1 heart.
13. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the said transplanting method carrying substrates piece that can burrow when transplanting is transplanted, or naked transplanting, or grouting is transplanted; Or sticking water-loss reducer transplanting, or the combination of one or more methods of sticking rooting promoter transplanting.
14. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be not limited only to crops and normally grow seedlings season the said season of growing seedlings, and also can possess the anti-season of rearing condition.
15. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the environment of implementing to grow seedlings can be the combination of one or more environment of shed, booth, greenhouse, open-air atmosphere.
16. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the barrier material that surface, seedbed, slope is covered with or is not covered with can be the combination of one or more materials of plastic foil, wooden or composite board, fragment of brick, cement flooring, scrim, nonwoven, woven.
17. crops slope seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: supply water, fertile facility or the seedling medium of directly laying or porous seedling culture hole plate surface can cover or not covering and heat insulating, preserve moisture, in the waterproof material one or more.
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| CN112913607A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-08 | 中国水稻研究所 | Quantitative rice seedling transplanting method by using machine |
| CN114532163A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-27 | 王晓玉 | Agricultural seedling raising plug culture method |
| CN115486336A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-12-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cabbage plug seedling method suitable for automatic seedling taking of double-row automatic transplanter |
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| CN107432193A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-05 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of method of fast breeding winter rape seedling |
| CN108541532A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-18 | 竹溪三元米业有限公司 | A kind of method that biomass nutrient Bowls educates maize seedling |
| CN108739316A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-11-06 | 金华市全宇农业科技有限公司 | A kind of raising seedling of cotton method |
| CN108770669A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-09 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of the excellent container seedling of apocarya |
| CN112913607A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-08 | 中国水稻研究所 | Quantitative rice seedling transplanting method by using machine |
| CN114532163A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-27 | 王晓玉 | Agricultural seedling raising plug culture method |
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