CN105746224B - Greenhouse seedling growing method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds - Google Patents
Greenhouse seedling growing method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN105746224B CN105746224B CN201610090807.8A CN201610090807A CN105746224B CN 105746224 B CN105746224 B CN 105746224B CN 201610090807 A CN201610090807 A CN 201610090807A CN 105746224 B CN105746224 B CN 105746224B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 241000319057 Kalopanax septemlobus Species 0.000 title abstract description 33
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- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- OQVYMXCRDHDTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-2-[4-(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl]pyridine Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)CC1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(CP(=O)(OCC)OCC)C=2)=C1 OQVYMXCRDHDTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004528 Catalpa ovata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010005 Catalpa ovata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse seedling method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds, which comprises the steps of collecting seeds, modulating the seeds, accelerating germination of the seeds, sowing, seedling stage management, outplanting seedlings and cultivating kalopanax septemlobus seedlings, and is characterized in that: the seed germination accelerating method comprises the steps of installing vermiculite with the depth of 5-6cm on the bottom of a germination accelerating disc with an empty bottom, thoroughly watering with water, sowing disinfected seeds on the surface of the vermiculite, covering a layer of vermiculite with the depth of 1-1.5cm on the vermiculite, covering a layer of gauze on the germination accelerating disc, thoroughly watering with water, placing the germination accelerating disc in a sunlight greenhouse, controlling the room temperature at 0-25 ℃ by natural illumination, and keeping the germination accelerating disc with the seeds in a moist state. The seedling raising method has the advantages of highly integrated control of the whole seedling raising process, easy mastering, high survival rate of the seedlings of the kalopanax septemlobus after seedling raising, convenient popularization of the technology and particular suitability for large-scale industrialized seedling raising.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to botanical seedling culturing technical field, especially a kind of kalopanax septemlobus seed is nursed young plants in hothouses method.
Background technique
Kalopanax septemlobus system Araliaceae arbor species, trunk is logical straight, and wood figure is unique, is the good material of building and top-grade furniture
Material.As the improvement of people's living standards, the demand to good material increases severely, kalopanax septemlobus has been cited as rare tree, resource
It protects and utilizes and attract attention by people.Kalopanax septemlobus is solid there are apparent Fruiting cycle, and flat kind of rate of seed is higher.And kalopanax septemlobus
Seed has the habit of deep-sleep, is primarily due to physiology after-ripening, and without intermittent warming appropriate, natural reseeding goes out
Seedling rate is too low.Conventional method mainly carries out intermittent warming and sand storage to it.Sand storage is almost the overwintering guarantor of all tree seeds
The main method deposited, it is simple and easy, but have a problem that, it is exactly the observation for seed germinating after seed sand storage
It is highly inconvenient, it often will appear seed and cross sprouting phenomenon.Room is placed in the seed of mixed sand for the method needs of intermittent warming
In interior and cellar, and move back and forth, it is just more inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, provides a kind of kalopanax septemlobus seed and nurses young plants in hothouses method, successively passes through
Acquisition seed, seed modulation, presprouting of seeds, sowing, seedling management, outplanting are crossed, kalopanax septemlobus seedling is cultivated.With the prior art
Compare, method for culturing seedlings of the present invention is easy to grasp to the highly integrated control of entire seedling raising process, method, the kalopanax septemlobus seedling after nursery at
Motility rate is high, and technology is especially suitable for large-scale industrial seedling rearing convenient for promoting.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of kalopanax septemlobus seed is nursed young plants in hothouses method, including the modulation of seed collection, seed, presprouting of seeds, sowing, seedling stage pipe
Reason, outplanting, to cultivate kalopanax septemlobus seedling, the presprouting of seeds is that 5-6cm depth is loaded onto the vernalization pan bottom having time the bottom of on
Ground vermiculite, is irrigated with water, by the seed broadcasting of disinfection to vermiculite surface, then covers the vermiculite of one layer of 1-1.5cm on it, then
One layer of gauze is covered on vernalization disk again, is irrigated with water, vernalization disk is placed on heliogreenhouse, natural lighting controls room temperature 0
DEG C -25 DEG C, the vernalization disk after seed will be placed, keep moistening in vernalization disk, the wet standard: when surface layer gauze is general dry,
It waters again, keeps moistening in vernalization disk.
It is preferred that: the thickness of sowing when seed broadcasting is controlled in 25-40g/dm2.Advantage: can both increase under this density
Thickness of sowing, and can guarantee that seed normally germinates within a puberty, when transplanting, each plant did not wound.
It is preferred that: the seedling management, fertilising are divided into three phases, and the first stage is Seedling Stage, applies N:P:K=30:10:10
Dissolved fertilizer；Second stage growth period applies the dissolved fertilizer of N:P:K=20:20:20；Lignifying phase phase III applies N:
The fertilizer of P:K=10:20:20.
It is preferred that: the concentration of the dissolved fertilizer is 1:200-1:300.
It is preferred that: the seed modulation are as follows: the seed handled well is taken out in late November, uses mass fraction for 0.2-
The liquor potassic permanganate of 0.8% (preferably 0.5%) carries out seed-soaking disinfection, and sealing is pulled in seed soaking 1.5-2.5h (preferably 2h) out
After 20-40min (preferably 30min), rinsed with clear water, it is then described to natural cooling with 45-55 DEG C of (preferably 50 DEG C) water logging kind
Processing refers to the process of: being by the decortication of the seed of acquisition, removes flat kind and impurity, to obtain pure full seed, at seed
It needs suitably to dry in the shade after reason is clean, it is to be stacked at shady and cool ventilation in good mesh bag or cloth bag that seed, which is fitted into ventilative, is prevented
Tide is spare.
It is preferred that: the presprouting of seeds, matrix: choose turf, loam volume ratio be 1.5-2.5:0.5-1.5 (preferably 2:
1) be used as matrix, control its water content of matrix between 10%~15%, be then charged into hole tray or pot for growing seedlings, matrix be filled to from
(advantage: it is not easy to go out matrix when watering) at upper edge of the container 0.5cm~1cm, then uses the potassium permanganate of mass fraction 0.1%
Disinfection.
It is preferred that: the turf, loam volume ratio be 2:1.
It is preferred that: the presprouting of seeds, sowing are transplanted seedlings: being unearthed out of vernalization disk to kalopanax septemlobus seed, formed arch bud, cotyledon is not
It is transplanted before expansion, kalopanax septemlobus sprout after transplanting is placed on seedbed, bed surface temperature will be controlled at (20-25) DEG C.
It is preferred that: the seedling management, thinning: thinning when kalopanax septemlobus grows into 21 heart of leaf, stay go by force it is weak.
It is preferred that: the seedling management, transplanting: when using hole plate seedling growth, the hardening time continues 45-50d, by seedling replanting
Enter in the nutritive cube of 15*13cm, matrix ratios are turf: loam 1:1 is sprinkled profoundly water in time after transplanting, and shading 30%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Method for culturing seedlings of the present invention is easy to grasp to the highly integrated control of entire seedling raising process, method, the kalopanax septemlobus kind after nursery
Shoot survival percent is high, and technology is especially suitable for large-scale industrial seedling rearing convenient for promoting.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are specific as follows: 1. in vernalization disk bottom be laid with vermiculite, top covers vermiculite and leech
The depth and thickness of stone.Vermiculite belongs to Light media nursery material, and quality is light, prevented from caking, and elution is easy when seedling replanting.Nursery
Radicle is pricked under sprouting after sprouting, and vermiculite thickness 5-6cm can meet radicle before generating lateral root, is not bottomed out and is occurred to glue with chassis
Even.By the seed broadcasting of disinfection to vermiculite surface, then the vermiculite of one layer of 1-1.5cm, the advantages of only covering vermiculite, thorn are covered on it
Chinese catalpa seed belongs to Minitype seed, and vermiculite covering is easy to be unearthed, and cladding thickness is not easy too deep, and otherwise Embryo stem extension, easily snaps off, shadow
Ring transplanting survival rate.
2. the matrix nursed young plants in hothouses.Kalopanax septemlobus belongs to phreatophyte, and blade is larger, but nursery initial stage seedling growth is extremely slow
Slowly, pure loam, soil property are easy hardened, are unfavorable for the absorption of the lateral root elongation and nutrient solution of kalopanax septemlobus, and increase transport landed cost,
Increase turf content and be conducive to that matrix is loose, and nutrient solution can quickly be absorbed by plant, improves seedling growth amount.Substrate composition is comprehensive
The normal growth in view of single plant seedling weight and plant in seedling transportation is closed, plug media selects loam: the ratio of turf 1:1
Example.
3. the selection of greenhouse temperature, the selection of nursery bed temperature.Kalopanax septemlobus distribution is wider, but belonging to deep dormancy tree species needs
Want change temperature-accelerated germination with breaking dormancy, conventional sand storage is not easy to intermittent warming and sprouts observation in seedling raising process, in heliogreenhouse
Winter normal temperature day-night change can both meet its intermittent warming, but guarantee that low temperature must not be lower than 0 DEG C hereinafter, and being placed in and urging
It in bud disk, is placed on bracket, vertical space can be made full use of, increase vernalization area.
4. the usage ratio of fertilizing time and each fertilizer.This be mainly the nutritional need stage of kalopanax septemlobus itself not
Together.Kalopanax septemlobus leans on the nutrition of oneself accumulation in cotyledon stretching, extension initial stage nutrition substantially, just needs external benefit when until there is 2 true leaf expansion
It supplements nutrition point, it is at this moment more obvious to the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer.Nitrogenous fertilizer, which lacks, can obviously show yellowing between blade net vein.Mid-term nursery stock is raw
It grows and occurs summit of growth under conditions of nutritional sufficiency, the time is about 2 months.The kalopanax septemlobus leaf fall period is more early, about in 10 months
Ten days i.e. start to bind, this requires September part start increase phosphorus potash fertilizer, promote it to bind, using in the present invention dose and
Fertilizing time is substantially better than other fertilization modes.
5. fertilization mode can greatly improve seedling density using hole plate seedling growth, but since the blade of kalopanax septemlobus is larger,
Seedling density is excessively high to there is such a problem during spraying water soluble fertilizer, and solution can be blocked by blade and be flowed
It to outside hole tray, can not efficiently use, it is noted that angle, takes 45 degree of angles obliquely when sprinkling irrigation.
The present invention is largely divided into two stages, and the first stage is vernalization, complete to vernalization using vermiculite lamination intermittent warming
Enter the second section stage, that is, nursery stage at rear.
The process of vernalization mainly utilizes the porosity of vermiculite higher, and ventilation drainability is strong, can promote to plant well
Son is sprouted, and seed is direct after sprouting until radicle is long to 1-2cm, and cotyledon just starts to transplant after being unearthed.Vernalization terminates.
When transplanting seedlings, seedling is proposed from vernalization disk with tweezers, is seeded in hole tray, each hole tray sows 1-2 seedling, broadcasts
Strong sprout is selected when kind.It can guarantee that current year planting percent 95% or more, increases the service efficiency of hole tray in this way.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
A kind of kalopanax septemlobus container seedling culture method, comprising the following steps:
1.1 acquisition seeds:
In mid or late August to early September, each time of collecting seed may be slightly different, and when fruit becomes mature black purple, be adopted
It plucks maternal plant stalwartness, grow fine, disease-free kalopanax septemlobus ripening fruits；Acquisition seed is numbered.
1.2 kinds of real modulation, the seed of acquisition are rubbed fruit with hand repeatedly, until seed and fruit are completely separated into
Only, fishing removes to swim in the pericarp of the water surface, pulp and floating kind, then adds clear water to eluriate repeatedly in seed, obtains pure seed,
Seed is finally put into nylon net bag, ventilating and cooling place is hung on and dries, during which must not be exposed to the sun.
1.3 presproutings of seeds:
1) seed handled well is taken out in late November, seed disinfection, leaching is carried out using 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate
After kind 2h pulls sealing 30min out, rinsed 3~5 times with clear water, then with 50 DEG C of water logging kinds to natural cooling.
2) preparing the vernalization disk of appropriate size, this vernalization disk requires bottom free, can be permeable, 5- is loaded onto bottom
The deep ground 6cm vermiculite, is irrigated with water.The seed of disinfection is uniformly broadcasted sowing into vermiculite surface, thickness of sowing is controlled in 25-40g/
dm2, then the vermiculite of one layer of 1-1.5cm is covered on it.Then one layer of gauze is covered on vernalization disk again.It is irrigated with water.It will urge
Bud disk is placed on heliogreenhouse, is not required to especially heat, and natural lighting controls room temperature between 0 DEG C -25 DEG C.After placing seed
Vernalization disk, is placed into magazine, to reduce the space occupied area, realizes intensive management.Period often observes vernalization disk
Inside whether water shortage, keep vernalization disk in moisten.
3) container is selected:
The black polyethylene film bottom of the hole tray or 10cm (upper diameter) × 10cm (height) of selecting 32 holes is porose to educate
Seedling alms bowl；
4) matrix is prepared:
Choose thick turf, the volume ratio of loam is 2:1 as matrix, matrix is moistened, controlling its water content should be
It between 10%~15%, is then charged into hole tray or pot for growing seedlings, matrix is filled to from upper edge of the container 0.5cm~1cm；Then it uses
0.1% potassium permanganate disinfection；
5) sowing is transplanted seedlings:
Until at the beginning of 3 months late Febuaries, kalopanax septemlobus seed starts to sprout, until kalopanax septemlobus seed is unearthed out of vernalization disk, forms arch
Bud is transplanted before cotyledon is undeployed.Transplanting sprinkles profoundly water for first 2 days, the perforating in hole tray with punch or wooden stick, depth and thorn
Chinese catalpa sprout is suitable, chooses kalopanax septemlobus sprout out of vernalization disk with tweezers, is put into hole tray hole 1-2, is filled a vacancy with wet vermiculite
Field planting, cotyledon stay in outside soil as far as possible.It after planting waters immediately, keeps matrix wet；Hole tray is neatly arranged on seedbed, is held
It is close between device and container, upper opening of container wants smooth consistent, and bed surface temperature will be controlled at (20-25) DEG C；
6) seedling management:
1. fertilising: kalopanax septemlobus shows nutritional deficiency in Seedling Stage obvious.It needs to apply fertilizer in due course, fertilising preferably combines watering to carry out, and uses
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mixed fertilizer by a certain percentage, be made into 1:200~1:300 concentration aqueous solution application, fertilising divide three phases into
Row: the first stage is that (nursery stock is unearthed to 45d) applies the dissolved fertilizer of N:P:K=30:10:10 to Seedling Stage；Second stage growth
Phase, (46d~120d) applied the dissolved fertilizer of N:P:K=20:20:20；Lignifying phase phase III (121d~180d) applies N:P:
The fertilizer of K=10:20:20；After fertilising seedling blade face is rinsed with clear water in time；
2. water management: keeping matrix wet in seeding stage and Seedling Stage irrigation, require matrix to see in Fast-growing stage and dry see
Wet, watering once irrigates；Suitable control irrigation quantity and number at later stages.Anti-freezing water is poured before overwintering.
3. thinning and weeding: kalopanax septemlobus grows into due course thinning when 21 heart of leaf, stays and goes weak, removing hole tray weeds by force.
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: pest and disease damage occurs will use chemical control in time, should pull out diseased plant when necessary；
5. hardening: in nursery stock in hot-house culture to mid or late June, seedling being removed greenhouse, in first week every morning
When 10 points to 2 pm or so, suitably shade when the sun is stronger, guarantee that nursery stock is not wilted, spray water and irrigate after arid,
6. transplanting: if the hardening time continues 45 days or so using hole plate seedling growth, by seedling replanting enter 15*13cm (on
Mouthful * depth) nutritive cube in, matrix ratios are turf: loam 1:1.It is sprinkled profoundly water in time after transplanting.And shading 30%.
7. 4~5d does not water before being out of the garden；Container is often moved during hardening is rearranged or be truncated stretching appearance
Root system outside device, promotes container seedling to form root ball in container；
7) outplanting:
1. lifting: keeping root system in container complete when lifting, with the disconnected root system for being pierced by container of knife shearing；
3. transport and packaging: nursery stock in the handling process, is handled with care, and discovery root long will be cut to container exterior, nursery stock
In handling process, lane should be avoided and roll over, break, injuring nursery stock, in long-distance transportation, it is desirable that accomplishes to keep root is wet not lose
Water is accompanied by Seed label packing obvious place, and after seedling packing, transport in time pays attention to ventilation on the way, must not wind, solarization, prevent
Only nursery stock generates heat and air-dries.
Above-mentioned, although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the embodiments, not protects to the present invention
The limitation of range, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art
The various modifications or changes that can be made are not needed to make the creative labor still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
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| CN201610090807.8A CN105746224B (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Greenhouse seedling growing method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds |
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| CN201610090807.8A CN105746224B (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Greenhouse seedling growing method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds |
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