CN107173024A - A kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating and planting early-maturity and high-yield eggplant, comprising the following steps: variety selection: selecting Yinqie No. 1 as the scion variety and wild eggplant as the rootstock; cultivating: when the stock and scion seedlings grow to 5-6 Grafting begins when the leaves are on the leaves; grafting: grafting by split grafting; field planting: cultivation in borders, with a plant spacing of 33-40 cm, and large and small row spacing for planting seedlings, with a large row spacing of 80-90 cm and a small row spacing of 60-70 cm. The height of the grafted part from the ground is not less than 4 cm. The young seedlings are planted in the second half of the greenhouse, and the large seedlings are planted in the front half of the greenhouse. Cover with plastic film and set up three layers of coverage. The first layer is the greenhouse film, and the second layer is the shed. A middle shed film is built between the two inner furrows, and a small shed is built on the third layer for the first furrow; field management; harvesting. The cultivating and planting method of the invention can enable the overwintering greenhouse eggplants to be harvested earlier, better meet the market demand for fresh eggplants, increase the yield, increase stress resistance, and increase the income of vegetable farmers.

Description

A kind of cultivation and planting method of early-maturing and high-yield eggplant

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for cultivating and planting early-maturing and high-yield eggplants.

Background technique

Eggplant is rich in nutrient elements, has various eating methods, good taste, rich nutrition and has medicinal value. It is deeply loved by people and is an indispensable vegetable in the Chinese market. Vegetable farmers bring higher economic benefits.

However, the cultivation of eggplant has always troubled people. The humidity, heat preservation, and ventilation at the seedling stage, the fertilizer, water, light after planting, and the prevention of pests and diseases are all relatively strict and cumbersome. The growth of eggplant has strict requirements on environmental conditions. Carelessness will result in reduced production or even no harvest, bringing huge losses to vegetable farmers. Therefore, ordinary eggplant planting methods have low harvest yield and poor quality. To make eggplant high-quality and high-yield not only need to improve the soil, make the land nutritionally balanced, and excellent seeds, but also need a set of scientific cultivation and planting methods.

In addition, eggplant is a temperature-loving crop, which is more resistant to high temperatures. The suitable temperature for fruiting is 25-30°C, and it is not sensitive to the length of the photoperiod. As long as the temperature is suitable, it can bloom and bear fruit from spring to autumn. It is mainly cultivated in the open field , sowing in early spring is in December, planting in late February of the second year, and harvesting at the end of April; planting in autumn is planting in May, planting in June, and harvesting in August-September; most of the overwintering eggplants are in October Planting around the left and right, and harvesting after December, there will be a problem that the supply of fresh eggplants in the market will decrease between October and November. If the existing cultivation and planting methods can be improved, it will be possible to plant around August, Harvest around October, and harvest the second crop around December, which will be able to meet market demand to a greater extent and achieve greater economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating and planting eggplants with early maturation and high yield, which can enable eggplants in overwintering greenhouses to be harvested earlier, while increasing yield and stress resistance.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for cultivating and planting early-maturing and high-yield eggplants, comprising the steps of:

Variety selection: choose Yinqie No. 1, an early-maturing variety with low light resistance and strong cold resistance, as the scion variety, and wild eggplant as the rootstock;

Cultivate: start grafting when the seedlings of rootstock and scion grow to 5-6 true leaves;

Grafting: Keep 2 true leaves on the rootstock, cut the rootstock stem crosswise with a blade, remove the upper part, split in the middle of the stem, cut down about 1.0-1.5 cm deep, pull off the scion in seconds, keep 2-3 true leaves of the seedlings, and use Remove the lower end with a knife, cut the cut of the reserved upper stem into a wedge shape, insert the scion into the cut of the rootstock, and fix it with a clip after alignment;

Planting: the day before planting, water the seedling pots thoroughly, and cultivate them in a row. The distance between plants is 33-40 cm. The seedlings are planted with large and small row spacing. The height of the ground is not less than 4 cm, the small seedlings are planted in the second half of the greenhouse, and the large seedlings are planted in the front half of the greenhouse;

Field management:

a. Fertilizer and water management: do not water before the staring period of the eggplant, combine watering and top dressing once after the staring period, apply 7.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 4 kg of urea, and 5.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. After the eggplant is picked, apply it once a month Fertilizer, apply 10-20 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu, and 10 kg of urea;

b. Adjustment and management of plants: After the plants are sealed, remove the yellowed or over-dense branches and leaves at the base of the eggplant for 3-5 times. After picking the leaves, apply pesticides with smoke to prevent the invasion of germs from the wound;

c. Prevent falling flowers and fruits: use 20-30mg/L 2,4-D liquid to smear the upper end of calyx and petiole, avoid splashing on leaves and stems, or spray flowers with 40-50mg/L anti-falling liquid.

Harvesting: Harvesting can be carried out when the eggplant eye ring is narrow or not obvious, and should be harvested between 5:00-7:00 in the morning.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the field management also includes heat preservation and overwintering: covering with plastic film, and setting up three layers of covering, the first layer is a greenhouse film, the second layer is a middle shed film between the two furrows in the shed, and the third layer Build a small shed for a plot.

As a further improvement of the present invention, in the planting step, other autumn and winter vegetables are planted in a small shed between the two greenhouses at the same time.

As a further improvement of the present invention, to carry out in the described grafting step:

a. Temperature management: 3 days after grafting, the daytime temperature is controlled at 20-26°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15°C. After 3 days, the daytime temperature is not higher than 30°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15°C. The temperature is controlled at 20-32°C, and the temperature at night is controlled at 12-15°C. One week before the grafted seedlings are planted, lower the temperature for low-temperature seedling training;

b. Ventilation management: within the first week after grafting, the air humidity in the seedbed should be kept at 85%-95%. After 1 week, the seedbed should be ventilated to reduce the air humidity in the seedbed to 78-82% during the day. After the seedlings survive, strengthen the ventilation of the seedbed, and reduce the daytime air humidity in the seedbed to 70%-80%;

c. Illumination management: within 3 days after grafting, the seedbed should be shaded, and from the fourth day, the grafted seedlings should receive direct sunlight, and gradually reduce the shade time, transition to no shade all day, and switch to natural light management;

As a further improvement of the present invention, the following preparations will be carried out before the described colonization step:

a. Soil preparation: the depth of digging shall not be less than 20 cm;

b. Fertilization: 1-1.2 cubic meters of pure chicken manure or 1-1.5 cubic meters of pure pig manure, 12-18 kilograms of compound fertilizer, and 15-20 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for every 100 square meters of cultivation bed;

c. Make furrows: the distance between large ridges is 80-90 cm, the distance between small ridges is 60-70 cm, the depth of small ridges is 15 cm, and the depth of large ridges is 18-20 cm.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the field management also includes disease control: for Botrytis cinerea, the three methods of spraying, smoking, and dusting should be used concurrently. Spray liquid medicine; use 100 times liquid of 50% Sukling wettable powder or 1500 times liquid of 40% Shijiale; dust application or application of fumigant should be carried out in the evening or on rainy days, and dust agent should be 5% chlorothalonil or 5% Garenon dust agent; choose Yixunling or chlorothalonil as the fumigant, and apply different agents in rotation, choose wettable powder spray on sunny days, and use fumigant on cloudy days, use once every 5-7 days, consecutively 3-5 times;

In the initial stage of cotton blight disease, one of 800-1000 times liquid of 72% downy mildew net wettable powder, 400-500 times liquid of 20% eggplant soft rot, or 800 times liquid of 72% Dubangkelu wettable powder is selected. And the pesticides are used alternately, once every 7-10 days, and used 3-4 times in a row.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the field management also includes pest control: aphids are controlled with 10% Yiyijing 2000-2500 times liquid or 20% Haoniandong 2000-3000 times liquid, and tea yellow mite is controlled with 1% insecticide 2000 times -2500 times of liquid control, spider mite is controlled by 73% gramite or 20% Haoniandong 2000-3000 times liquid for control, and thrips is controlled by spraying 20% Haoniandong 2000-3000 times liquid.

As a further improvement of the present invention, in the cultivation step, the seedlings are sprayed with a solution made of paclobutrazol powder with 15% active ingredient.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution is 15-45ppm. The present invention finds through experiments that the leaf area of the seedlings treated by the paclobutrazol solution in this concentration range is reduced compared with the blank control group, the plant height is inhibited, the root-to-shoot ratio is improved, and the chlorophyll content is increased. , in short, it can effectively inhibit the excessive growth of seedlings, increase fruit setting, and increase yield.

In the cultivation and planting method of early-maturing and high-yield eggplant of the present invention, Yinqie No. 1 is selected as the scion variety and wild eggplant is used as the rootstock, and the two are grafted and then planted. The comprehensive control of growth factors can enable eggplants in overwintering greenhouses to be harvested earlier, better meet the market's demand for fresh eggplants, increase yields, increase stress resistance, and increase vegetable farmers' income.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples.

Example 1

A method for cultivating and planting early-maturing and high-yield eggplants, comprising the steps of:

Variety selection: choose Yinqie No. 1, an early-maturing variety with low light resistance and strong cold resistance, as the scion variety, and wild eggplant as the rootstock;

Cultivation: the seedlings are sprayed with a solution of 15 ppm made of paclobutrazol powder with 15% active ingredient, and can be grafted when the rootstock and scion seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves;

Grafting: Keep 2 true leaves on the rootstock, cut the rootstock stem crosswise with a blade, remove the upper part, split in the middle of the stem, cut down about 1.0-1.5 cm deep, pull off the scion in seconds, keep 2-3 true leaves of the seedlings, and use Remove the lower end with a knife, cut the cut of the reserved upper stem into a wedge shape, insert the scion into the cut of the rootstock, and fix it with a clip after alignment;

Attention should be paid in the grafting step:

a. Temperature management: 3 days after grafting, the temperature requirements are relatively strict. The daytime temperature is controlled at 20-26°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15°C. When the temperature is too low, measures to keep warm and increase temperature should be taken. Increase the shading of the seedbed, and relax the temperature management after 3 days. The daytime temperature should not exceed 30°C, and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 15°C. After 1 week, when the grafted seedlings begin to grow significantly, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 20-32°C. The temperature at night is controlled at 12-15°C. One week before the grafted seedlings are planted, lower the temperature for low-temperature seedling training, but the minimum seedling training temperature should not be lower than 10°C;

b. Ventilation management: Before the grafted seedlings survive, keep the air humidity and soil humidity in the seedbed relatively high. In the first week after grafting, the air humidity in the seedbed should be kept at 85%-95%, while keeping the soil moist. Properly ventilate the seedbed to reduce the air humidity in the seedbed to 78-82% during the day, so as to prevent the air humidity in the seedbed from being too high throughout the day, causing seedling stems and leaves to rot. After the grafted seedlings survive, strengthen the ventilation of the seedbed, and The air humidity in the seedbed during the day drops to 70%-80%, reducing the incidence of disease;

c. Illumination management: In addition to shading the seedbed within 3 days after grafting, try to keep the seedbed with relatively long light time and sufficient light in other time. From the fourth day onwards, the grafted seedlings will be allowed to receive direct light. In the future, it will gradually transition to no shading all day, and switch to natural light management. Usually, if the grafted seedlings only show slight wilting of leaves, no shading is required. If the petioles also start to wilt, it indicates that the light is too strong, and the seedbed should be shaded ;

d. Watering management: During the period of eggplant grafting and seedling cultivation in autumn, the temperature is relatively high, and the water demand is large. Frequent watering is required to prevent the seedbed from drying out.

Preparation before planting:

a. Requirements for the greenhouse: the cultivation period of grafted eggplant in the greenhouse is relatively long, the plants are relatively high, the height of the front of the greenhouse is 1.5 meters, and the insulation of the greenhouse is better;

b. Soil preparation: The cultivation time of grafted eggplant in the greenhouse is relatively long, and the root system penetrates deep into the soil. It is necessary to plow the ground deeply, and the depth of plowing is 25-30 cm;

c. Fertilization: Eggplant is more fertile and resistant to fertilizer, and the root system is deeper into the soil, and the effect of topdressing is relatively poor. It is required to apply more fertilizer, apply enough base fertilizer and use high-quality fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Use high-quality fertilizer for every 100 square meters of cultivation 1 cubic meter of pure chicken manure, 12 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer, 15 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

d. Making furrows: Greenhouse grafted eggplant should be cultivated in furrows, with a distance of 80 cm between large ridges and 60 cm between small ridges. In order to ensure the quality of watering, facilitate water penetration and reduce the amount of watering in winter, the small furrows should be shallow, with a depth of 15 cm. cm, the big furrow should be deeper, the furrow is 18 cm deep, water in the small furrow in winter;

Planting: Water the seedling pot one day before planting, and cultivate in a row with a plant spacing of 33 cm. In order to facilitate management in the field, while ensuring good ventilation and receiving sufficient light, seedlings are planted at large and small row spacings. The maximum row spacing is 80 cm, and the small row spacing is 60 cm, the height of the grafting part of the seedling stem from the ground is 4 cm, the young seedlings are planted in the second half of the greenhouse, the big seedlings are planted in the first half of the greenhouse, covered with plastic film, and three layers of covering are set up. The first layer is the greenhouse film, and the second The first layer is a medium shed film between the two furrows in the shed, and the third layer is a small arched shed for the first furrow. During the planting process, care should be taken to prevent the seedlings from loosening the soil and protect the grafted parts. The grafted parts of eggplant are relatively brittle and hard. , easy to break, and the eggplant seedlings are easy to fall off from the split opening of the rootstock. When moving the seedlings for planting, it is required to handle them with care, and the grafting clips should not be removed from the seedling stems;

Field management:

a. Fertilizer and water management: Overwintering eggplant has a longer cultivation period and requires a large amount of fertilizer. The basal fertilizer should be reapplied. Generally, the eggplant is not watered before the early stage, and more intertillage is used to preserve moisture. In case of drought, small water can be poured, but it is necessary to prevent excessive water. The plants grow too long. After the staring period, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. Combined with watering and topdressing once, apply 7.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 4 kg of urea, and 5.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. At this time, the eggplant has a large growth volume and a large number of results, and sufficient fertilizer and water are required. After the eggplant is picked, apply fertilizer once a month, apply 10 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per acre, and 10 kg of urea. It is not appropriate to apply too much eggplant during the fruiting period. Phosphate fertilizer, otherwise it will cause the fruit to harden and age, reducing the quality.

b. Adjustment and management of plants: After the plants are closed, remove the yellowed or over-dense branches and leaves at the base of the eggplant for 3 times, so as to enhance ventilation and light transmission, reduce the air humidity in the shed, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. After picking the leaves Pesticides are applied by fumigation to prevent germs from invading from the wound;

c. Prevent flower and fruit drop: apply 20mg/L 2,4-D liquid to the upper end of the calyx and flower stalk to avoid splashing on the leaves and stems;

d. Heat preservation and overwintering: Preventing freezing damage and chilling damage is the key to successful cultivation. If you encounter frequent rainy days or snow, strong cold air going south, put a layer of sunshade net or dry grass outside the middle shed at night, and at the same time A small arched shed is used between the two greenhouses to plant autumn and winter vegetables to prevent excessive heat dissipation at the edge of the greenhouse. In order to increase the heat preservation ratio, measures to widen the greenhouse or extend the length of the greenhouse can also be adopted;

e. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: For Botrytis cinerea, spraying, fumigation and dusting should be used together. Spraying should be carried out at the early stage of the disease, and the diseased fruits and leaves should be removed first, and then the liquid medicine should be sprayed. Pay attention to the uniform and comprehensive spraying. , to prevent the remaining dead corners; use 50% saccharin wettable powder 100 times liquid for the agent; dust application or application of fumigant should be carried out in the evening or on rainy days, and 5% chlorothalonil should be used for dust agent; For spirit, apply different agents in rotation, choose wettable powder spray on sunny days, and use fumigant on cloudy days, use once every 5 days, and use it 3 times in a row;

In the early stage of cotton blight, use 72% downy mildew net wettable powder 800 times liquid, 20% eggplant cotton disease soft rot spirit 400 times liquid and 72% Dubang Kelu wettable powder 800 times liquid alternately, every 7 days Spray 1 time, even spray 3 times;

Aphids are controlled with 10% once-cleaning 2000 times liquid, tea yellow mites are controlled with 1% insecticide 2000 times liquid, red spiders are controlled with 73% gramite 2000 times liquid, thrips are sprayed with 20% Haoniandong 2000 times liquid Prevention and treatment. Harvesting: Harvesting can be carried out when the eggplant eye ring is narrow or not obvious, and should be harvested between 5:00-7:00 in the morning.

Example 2

Variety selection: choose Yinqie No. 1, an early-maturing variety with low light resistance and strong cold resistance, as the scion variety, and wild eggplant as the rootstock;

Cultivation: the seedlings are sprayed with a solution of 30ppm with a concentration of 15% paclobutrazol powder as the active ingredient, and can be grafted when the rootstock and scion seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves;

Grafting: Keep 2 true leaves on the rootstock, cut the rootstock stem crosswise with a blade, remove the upper part, split in the middle of the stem, cut down about 1.0-1.5 cm deep, pull off the scion in seconds, keep 2-3 true leaves of the seedlings, and use Remove the lower end with a knife, cut the cut of the reserved upper stem into a wedge shape, insert the scion into the cut of the rootstock, and fix it with a clip after alignment;

Attention should be paid in the grafting step:

a. Temperature management: 3 days after grafting, the temperature requirements are relatively strict. The daytime temperature is controlled at 22-24°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15°C. When the temperature is too low, measures to keep warm and increase temperature should be taken. Increase the shading of the seedbed, and relax the temperature management after 3 days. The daytime temperature should not exceed 30°C, and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 15°C. After 1 week, when the grafted seedlings begin to grow significantly, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 25-32°C. The temperature at night is controlled at 12-15°C. One week before the grafted seedlings are planted, lower the temperature for low-temperature seedling training, but the minimum seedling training temperature should not be lower than 10°C;

b. Ventilation management: Before the grafted seedlings survive, keep the air humidity and soil humidity in the seedbed relatively high. In the first week after grafting, the air humidity in the seedbed should be kept at 85%-95%, while keeping the soil moist. Begin to carry out appropriate ventilation to the seedbed, so that the daytime air humidity in the seedbed drops to 78-82%, to prevent the air humidity in the seedbed from being too high throughout the day, causing the stems and leaves to rot. After the grafted seedlings survive, strengthen the ventilation of the seedbed, Reduce the air humidity in the seedbed to 70%-80% during the day to reduce the incidence;

c. Illumination management: In addition to shading the seedbed within 3 days after grafting, try to keep the seedbed with relatively long light time and sufficient light in other time. From the fourth day onwards, the grafted seedlings will be allowed to receive direct light. In the future, it will gradually transition to no shading all day, and switch to natural light management. Usually, if the grafted seedlings only show slight wilting of leaves, no shading is required. If the petioles also start to wilt, it indicates that the light is too strong, and the seedbed should be shaded ;

d. Watering management: During the period of eggplant grafting and seedling cultivation in autumn, the temperature is relatively high, and the water demand is large. Frequent watering is required to prevent the seedbed from drying out.

Preparation before planting:

a. Requirements for the greenhouse: the cultivation period of grafted eggplant in the greenhouse is relatively long, the plants are relatively high, the height of the front of the greenhouse is 1.5 meters, and the insulation of the greenhouse is better;

b. Soil preparation: The cultivation time of grafted eggplant in the greenhouse is relatively long, and the root system penetrates deep into the soil. It is necessary to plow the ground deeply, and the depth of plowing is 25-30 cm;

c. Fertilization: Eggplant is more fertile and resistant to fertilizer, and the root system is deeper into the soil, and the effect of topdressing is relatively poor. It is required to apply more fertilizer, apply enough base fertilizer and use high-quality fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Use high-quality fertilizer for every 100 square meters of cultivation 1.3 cubic meters of pure pig manure, 16 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer, and 18 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

d. Making furrows: Greenhouse grafted eggplant should be cultivated in furrows, with a distance of 85 cm between large ridges and a distance of 65 cm between small ridges. In order to ensure the quality of watering, facilitate water penetration and reduce the amount of watering in winter, the small furrows should be shallow, with a depth of 15 cm. cm, the big ditch should be deeper, the ditch is 19 cm deep, water in the small ditch in winter;

Planting: Water the seedling pot one day before planting, and plant in a row with a plant spacing of 38 cm. In order to facilitate management in the field, while ensuring good ventilation and receiving sufficient light, seedlings are planted at large and small row spacings. The maximum row spacing is 85 cm, and the small row spacing is 65 cm, the height of the grafting part of the seedling stem from the ground is 4 cm, the young seedlings are planted in the second half of the greenhouse, the big seedlings are planted in the first half of the greenhouse, covered with plastic film, and three layers of covering are set up. The first layer is the greenhouse film, and the second The first layer is a medium shed film between the two furrows in the shed, and the third layer is a small arched shed for the first furrow. During the planting process, care should be taken to prevent the seedlings from loosening the soil and protect the grafted parts. The grafted parts of eggplant are relatively brittle and hard. , easy to break, and the eggplant seedlings are easy to fall off from the split opening of the rootstock. When moving the seedlings for planting, it is required to handle them with care, and the grafting clips should not be removed from the seedling stems;

Field management:

a. Fertilizer and water management: Overwintering eggplant has a longer cultivation period and requires a large amount of fertilizer. The basal fertilizer should be reapplied. Generally, the eggplant is not watered before the early stage, and more intertillage is used to preserve moisture. In case of drought, small water can be poured, but it is necessary to prevent excessive water. The plants grow too long. After the staring period, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. Combined with watering and topdressing once, apply 7.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 4 kg of urea, and 5.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. At this time, the eggplant has a large growth volume and a large number of results, and sufficient fertilizer and water are required. After picking the eggplant, apply fertilizer once a month, and apply 15 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per mu, and 10 kg of urea. It is not appropriate to apply too much eggplant during the fruiting period. Phosphate fertilizer, otherwise it will cause the fruit to harden and age, reducing the quality.

b. Adjustment and management of plants: After the plants are sealed, remove the yellowed or over-dense branches and leaves at the base of the eggplant for 4 times, so as to enhance ventilation and light transmission, reduce air humidity in the shed, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. After picking the leaves Pesticides are applied by fumigation to prevent germs from invading from the wound;

c. Prevent flower and fruit drop: apply 25mg/L 2,4-D liquid to the upper end of the calyx and flower stalk to avoid splashing on the leaves and stems;

d. Heat preservation and overwintering: Preventing freezing damage and chilling damage is the key to successful cultivation. If you encounter frequent rainy days or snow, strong cold air going south, put a layer of sunshade net or dry grass outside the middle shed at night, and at the same time A small arched shed is used between the two greenhouses to plant autumn and winter vegetables to prevent excessive heat dissipation at the edge of the greenhouse. In order to increase the heat preservation ratio, measures to widen the greenhouse or extend the length of the greenhouse can also be adopted;

e. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: For Botrytis cinerea, spraying, fumigation and dusting should be used together. Spraying should be carried out at the early stage of the disease, and the diseased fruits and leaves should be removed first, and then the liquid medicine should be sprayed. Pay attention to the uniform and comprehensive spraying. 1500 times liquid of 40% Shijiale should be used as the agent; dust application or application of fumigant should be carried out in the evening or on cloudy and rainy days, and the dust agent should be 5% Garenon dust agent; the fumigant should be chlorothalonil. Different agents are applied in rotation, wettable powder spray is selected on sunny days, and fumigant is used on cloudy days, once every 6 days, 4 times in a row;

In the early stage of cotton blight, use 72% downy mildew net wettable powder 1000 times liquid, 20% eggplant cotton disease soft rot spirit 500 times liquid and 72% Dubang Kelu wettable powder 800 times liquid alternately, and use them once every 8 days , used 3 times in a row;

Aphids are controlled by 20% Haoniandong 3000 times liquid, tea yellow mites are controlled by 1% insecticide 2500 times liquid, red spiders are controlled by 20% Haoniandong 3000 times liquid, thrips are controlled by 20% Haoniandong 2000 times liquid Spray control. Harvesting: Harvesting can be carried out when the eggplant eye ring is narrow or not obvious, and should be harvested between 5:00-7:00 in the morning.

Example 3

Variety selection: choose Yinqie No. 1, an early-maturing variety with low light resistance and strong cold resistance, as the scion variety, and wild eggplant as the rootstock;

Cultivation: the seedlings are sprayed with a solution of 45 ppm made of paclobutrazol powder with 15% active ingredient, and can be grafted when the rootstock and scion seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves;

Grafting: Keep 2 true leaves on the rootstock, cut the rootstock stem crosswise with a blade, remove the upper part, split in the middle of the stem, cut down about 1.0-1.5 cm deep, pull off the scion in seconds, keep 2-3 true leaves of the seedlings, and use Remove the lower end with a knife, cut the cut of the reserved upper stem into a wedge shape, insert the scion into the cut of the rootstock, and fix it with a clip after alignment;

Attention should be paid in the grafting step:

a. Temperature management: 3 days after grafting, the temperature requirements are relatively strict. The daytime temperature is controlled at 22-24°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15°C. When the temperature is too low, measures to keep warm and increase temperature should be taken. Increase the shading of the seedbed, and relax the temperature management after 3 days. The daytime temperature should not exceed 30°C, and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 15°C. After 1 week, when the grafted seedlings begin to grow significantly, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 25-32°C. The temperature at night is controlled at 12-15°C. One week before the grafted seedlings are planted, lower the temperature for low-temperature seedling training, but the minimum seedling training temperature should not be lower than 10°C;

b. Ventilation management: Before the grafted seedlings survive, keep the air humidity and soil humidity in the seedbed relatively high. Generally, within the first week after grafting, the air humidity in the seedbed should be kept at 85%-95%, and the soil should be kept moist at the same time. Afterwards, start proper ventilation on the seedbed to reduce the air humidity in the seedbed to 78-82% during the day, so as to prevent the air humidity in the seedbed from being too high throughout the day, causing the seedling stems and leaves to rot. After the grafted seedlings survive, strengthen the ventilation of the seedbed , reduce the air humidity in the seedbed to 70%-80% during the day to reduce the incidence;

c. Illumination management: In addition to shading the seedbed within 3 days after grafting, try to keep the seedbed with relatively long light time and sufficient light in other time. From the fourth day onwards, the grafted seedlings will be allowed to receive direct light. In the future, it will gradually transition to no shading all day, and switch to natural light management. Usually, if the grafted seedlings only show slight wilting of leaves, no shading is required. If the petioles also start to wilt, it indicates that the light is too strong, and the seedbed should be shaded ;

d. Watering management: During the period of eggplant grafting and seedling cultivation in autumn, the temperature is relatively high, and the water demand is large. Frequent watering is required to prevent the seedbed from drying out.

Preparation before planting:

a. Requirements for the greenhouse: the cultivation period of grafted eggplant in the greenhouse is relatively long, the plants are relatively high, the height of the front of the greenhouse is 1.5 meters, and the insulation of the greenhouse is better;

b. Soil preparation: The cultivation time of grafted eggplant in the greenhouse is relatively long, and the root system penetrates deep into the soil. It is necessary to plow the ground deeply, and the depth of plowing is 25-30 cm;

c. Fertilization: Eggplant is more fertile and resistant to fertilizer, and the root system is deeper into the soil, and the effect of topdressing is relatively poor. It is required to apply more fertilizer, apply enough base fertilizer and use high-quality fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Use high-quality fertilizer for every 100 square meters of cultivation 1-1.5 cubic meters of pure pig manure, 18 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer, and 20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

d. Make furrows: Greenhouse grafted eggplants should be cultivated in furrows, with a distance of 90 cm between large ridges and 70 cm between small ridges. In order to ensure the quality of watering, facilitate water penetration and reduce the amount of watering in winter, the small furrows should be shallow, with a depth of 15 cm. cm, the big furrow should be deeper, the furrow is 20 cm deep, and water in the small furrow in winter;

Planting: Water the seedling pot one day before planting, and plant in a row with a plant spacing of 40 cm. In order to facilitate management in the field, while ensuring good ventilation and receiving sufficient light, seedlings are planted at large and small row spacings. The largest row spacing is 90 cm, and the small row spacing is 70 cm, the height of the grafting part of the seedling stem from the ground is 4 cm, the young seedlings are planted in the second half of the greenhouse, the big seedlings are planted in the first half of the greenhouse, covered with plastic film, and three layers of covering are set. The first layer is a greenhouse film, and the second The first layer is a medium shed film between the two furrows in the shed, and the third layer is a small arched shed for the first furrow. During the planting process, care should be taken to prevent the seedlings from loosening the soil and protect the grafted parts. The grafted parts of eggplant are relatively brittle and hard. , easy to break, and the eggplant seedlings are easy to fall off from the split opening of the rootstock. When moving the seedlings for planting, it is required to handle them with care, and the grafting clips should not be removed from the seedling stems;

Field management:

a. Fertilizer and water management: The cultivation period of overwintering eggplant is extended, and a large amount of fertilizer is required. Base fertilizer should be reapplied. Do not water the eggplant before the staring period, and use more intertillage to preserve moisture. In case of drought, you can pour small water, but prevent excessive water from causing damage to the plants. Fertilizer and water management should be strengthened after the staring period. Combined with watering and topdressing once, apply 7.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 4 kg of urea, and 5.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. At this time, the eggplant has a large growth volume and a large number of results, and sufficient fertilizer and water are required. After the eggplant is picked, apply it once a month, and apply 20 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per acre, and 10 kg of urea. It is not appropriate to apply too much phosphorus fertilizer during the eggplant fruiting period. , otherwise it will cause the fruit to harden and age, reducing the quality.

b. Adjustment and management of plants: After the plants are sealed, remove the yellowed or over-dense branches and leaves at the base of the eggplant for 5 times, so as to enhance ventilation and light transmission, reduce the air humidity in the shed, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. After picking the leaves Pesticides are applied by fumigation to prevent germs from invading from the wound;

c. Prevent falling flowers and fruits: spray flowers with 40-50mg/L anti-falling solution;

d. Heat preservation and overwintering: Preventing freezing damage and chilling damage is the key to successful cultivation. If you encounter frequent rainy days or snow, strong cold air going south, put a layer of sunshade net or dry grass outside the middle shed at night, and at the same time A small arched shed is used between the two greenhouses to plant autumn and winter vegetables to prevent excessive heat dissipation at the edge of the greenhouse. In order to increase the heat preservation ratio, measures to widen the greenhouse or extend the length of the greenhouse can also be adopted;

e. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: For Botrytis cinerea, spraying, fumigation and dusting should be used together. Spraying should be carried out at the early stage of the disease, and the diseased fruits and leaves should be removed first, and then the liquid medicine should be sprayed. Pay attention to the uniform and comprehensive spraying. , to prevent the remaining dead corners; use 40% Shijiale 1500 times liquid as the agent; dust application or fumigant should be carried out in the evening or rainy day, use 5% chlorothalonil as the dust agent; use Yixunling as the fumigant, mix different agents Apply in rotation, choose wettable powder spray on sunny days, and use fumigant on cloudy days, apply once every 7 days, and use it 5 times in a row;

In the early stage of cotton blight, use 1000 times liquid of 72% downy mildew net wettable powder, 400-500 times liquid of 20% eggplant cotton disease soft rot, and 800 times liquid of 72% Dubang Kelu wettable powder alternately, and use them every 10 days 1 time, 4 consecutive times;

Aphids are controlled by 10% 2500 times liquid, tea yellow mite is controlled by 1% insecticide 2500 times liquid, spider mite is controlled by 73% gmite 3000 times liquid, thrips is controlled by 20% Haoniandong 2000 times liquid spray Prevention and treatment. Harvesting: Harvesting can be carried out when the eggplant eye ring is narrow or not obvious, and should be harvested between 5:00-7:00 in the morning. The control group adopted traditional eggplant cultivation and planting methods.

Compared with the control group, the economic output of the eggplant harvested by the method of the invention is significantly improved, and the vitamin C content is obviously increased, and the quality of the eggplant is improved while the output is increased.

The above descriptions are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：

Variety selection：Select the strong early-maturing variety Yinqie No.1 of low light tolerance, winter resistance as scion variety, wildness eggplant is used as anvil Wood；

Cultivate：Start grafting when the rice shoot of stock and scion grows to 5-6 piece true leaves；

Grafting：Stock is retained into 2 true leaves, with the crosscutting stock stem of blade, removes top, is rived in the middle of stem, to incision about 1.0-1.5 centimetres of depth, scion second is pulled up, 2-3 piece true leaves of keeping a full stand of seedings remove lower end with knife, and the top stem incision of reservation is cut Into wedge, in the otch that scion is inserted to stock, after alignment, fixed with clip；

Field planting：Pot for growing seedlings is poured permeable in field planting the previous day, bedding cultivation is played, 33-40 centimetres of spacing in the rows carries out size line-spacing and plants seedling, Wide row space is 80-90 centimetres, and small line-spacing is 60-70 centimetres, and the height of the grafting part of seedling stem apart from ground is not less than 4 centimetres, Seedling is planted to the latter half of of greenhouse, the first half of seedlings cultivation to greenhouse；

Field management：

A, rich water quality management：Door eggplant, which stares, did not watered before the phase, combines to water after the phase of staring and topdresses once, every mu is applied NPK 7.5 kilograms, 4 kilograms of urea, 5.5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, door eggplant harvesting after, monthly apply disposable fertilizer, every time every mu apply phosphorus potash fertilizer 10-20 thousand Gram, 10 kilograms of urea；

B, the adjustment and management of plant：Behind plant envelope ridge, the yellow of eggplant base portion or overstocked branches and leaves are extractd, carries out 3-5 times, plucks Agricultural chemicals is applied with sootiness after leaf, is invaded with anti-bacteria from wound；

C, prevent fruit drop：Calyx and anthocaulus upper end are smeared with 20-30mg/L 2,4-D liquid, it is to avoid splashed on blade and stem, Or with 40-50mg/L drop-proof agent liquid spraying decorations.

Harvesting：When eggplant eye thimble band is narrow or can substantially not harvested, harvesting will be carried out in the morning.

2. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The field pipe Reason is also survived the winter including insulation：Covering with plastic film, sets three layers of covering, and first layer is awning film, and the second layer is to be taken in canopy between two furrow One middle canopy film, third layer is that a furrow take a Small plastic shed.

3. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The field planting step Other autumn and winter vegetables are planted with Small plastic shed between two greenhouses simultaneously in rapid.

4. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The grafting step To be carried out in rapid：

A, temperature treatment：3 days after grafting, day temperature is controlled at 20-26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 3 days, daytime Temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than after 15 DEG C, 1 week, and day temperature control is at 20-32 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature control exists 12-15 DEG C, grafting is colonized first 1 week, and reduction temperature carries out low temperature and practices seedling；

B, management of leaking informaton：In grafting back 1 week, the air humidity in seedbed should be made to be maintained at 85%-95%, started after 1 week pair Seedbed is aerated, and the air humidity on daytime in seedbed is dropped to 78-82%, after grafting survives, and strengthens seedbed ventilation, will The air humidity on daytime drops to 70%-80% in seedbed；

C, illumination management：Seedbed is sheltered from heat or light in 3 days after grafting, allow grafting to receive direct light since the 4th day and shine, And the time of sheltering from heat or light is gradually decreased, it is transitioned into whole day and does not shelter from heat or light, switchs to natural lighting management.

5. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The field planting step Following preparation is carried out before rapid：

A, site preparation：Depth of ploughing is not shallower than 20 centimetres；

B, fertilising：Every 100 square metres of cultivating beds are with pure chicken manure 1-1.2 cubic metres or pure pig manure 1-1.5 cubic metres, composite fertilizer 12- 18 kilograms, 15-20 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate；

C, do furrow：Big 80-90 centimetres of row spacing, small 60-70 centimetres of row spacing, small 15 centimetres of furrow ditch depth, big 18-20 lis of furrow ditch depth Rice.

6. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The field pipe Reason also includes disease control：Preferably sprayed for gray mold, sootiness, dust these three method dual-purposes, spray pesticide should be in morbidity just Phase, disease fruit and sick leaf are first extractd, then spray decoction；Medicament applies good from 50% Sukeling wettable powder, 100 times of liquid or 40% Happy 1500 times of liquid；Dust dispenser or administration fumigant should select 5% Bravo or 5% in dusk or overcast and rainy progress, dust agent Jia Ruinong dust agents；Fumigant is applied different agents rotation from a smoked spirit or Bravo, fine day selection wettable powder spray Mist, the cloudy day selects fumigant, per medication in 5-7 days 1 time, is used in conjunction 3-5 times；

Cotton disease early stage is from the net 800-1000 times of liquid of wettable powder of 72% downy mildew epidemic disease, the soft rotten spirit of the continuous epidemic disease of 20% eggplant One kind in 800 times of liquid of wettable powder was revealed by 400-500 times of liquid or 72% Du Pont gram, and each agricultural chemicals is used alternatingly, every 7-10 days Medication 1 time, is used in conjunction 3-4 times.

7. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The field pipe Reason also includes pest control：Aphid is prevented from a 10% time net 2000-2500 times of liquid or 20% 2000-3000 times of liquid of good year winter Control, yellow tea mite is from the 2000-2500 times of liquid preventing and treating of 1% desinsection element, and red spider is from 73% propargite or 20% good year winter 2000- 3000 times of liquid preventing and treatings, thrips is from 20% good 2000-3000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating of year winter.

8. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described to cultivate step Solution is made in rapid of the paclobutrazol pulvis of active ingredient 15% to rice shoot and carries out sprinkling processing.

9. a kind of cultivation implantation methods of kipeming high yield eggplant according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The paclobutrazol The concentration of solution is 15-45ppm.