CN108739192A - A kind of method for safely planting of high-quality leek - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a safe production method of high-quality chives, comprising: a) seed selection, warm soup soaking, sowing, planting, and cultivation; b) field fertilizer and water management, including fertilization, watering, and soil covering, wherein the applied base fertilizer is selected from One of microbial fertilizers, compound fertilizers, and Biodrug, microbial fertilizers, and Biodil; c) pest control, including tardy-eyed fungus, thrips, onion moth, and botrytis; d) safety harvest. The safe planting method of high-quality chives of the present invention can be applied to the safe production of leeks, and can produce high-quality agricultural products with scientific and reasonable pesticides during the planting process.

Description

A safe planting method of high-quality chives

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for safely planting high-quality chives.

Background technique

Leek contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, cellulose, etc. It is not only supplied to the market as fresh leek, leek yellow, and leek moss, but also can be processed into condiments such as leek flower and leek sauce. It is one of the vegetables that the public likes. However, in recent years, the use of some highly toxic pesticides and unscientific use of pesticides have brought about a series of serious problems such as pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and food safety. How to produce high-quality, safe, high-nutrition and high-yield leeks is our goal. Pests and diseases on leeks:

Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang belongs to Diptera, Longocera, Mycoidea, Odoriphagae, Bradysia genus. Chive maggots are the larvae of the tardigrade maggots of chives, and they have a wide range of food habits. They are one of the important pests that harm leeks. Chive maggots often cluster in the bulbs of leeks, and enter by drilling through the epidermis of the plants. In mild cases, the plants turn yellow and wilt, in severe cases, they break off from the base near the ground, and the whole plant dies. Chives are damaged by leek maggots, the plants turn yellow and wither, and cannot germinate new shoots; although new shoots germinate in large areas of dead leeks, the quality is poor and the yield is low. At present, chemical pesticides are the main method to control chive maggots. The registered pesticides include beta-cypermethrin, phoxim, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, chlorfluazuron, and thiamethoxam.

The onion scale moth (Acrolepla alliella Semenov et Kuzn) is an insect belonging to the family Plutellaidae of the order Lepidoptera. The larvae eat in the cracks of the leeks, causing the leaves to turn yellow in severe cases, and the leaves and leek moss are often broken from the wound, reducing the yield and quality. There are 5-6 generations a year in the north, and the adults live through the winter under the dry leaves or weeds of overwintering leeks. The larvae start to damage in early May, and each of them develops unevenly. In the second half of the year, the damage is serious.

Thrips will damage the leaves of leeks, using adults and nymphs to damage new leaves, shoots and young leaves, forming a large number of gray and white spots on the leaves, affecting the quality and yield of leeks; in severe cases, the leaves will wither and eventually die. Thrips damage the leaves of leeks, causing them to be eaten. The peak period of damage is from late June to late July.

Botrytis cinerea, commonly known as "white spot" disease, is one of the common diseases on leeks. It mainly harms the leaves. White to light gray spots appear on the leaves at first, and then expand to oval or fusiform. In the later stage, the lesions often combine with each other to produce large dead spots, causing half or whole leaves to die. When the humidity is high, the surface of the diseased part is densely covered with gray-brown mold, which affects the quality of leeks. Some develop from the tip of the leaf downward to form dead leaves. They can also rot downward in the shape of water-soaked light brown at the cutting edge, and then expand into semicircular or "V"-shaped lesions, which are yellowish-brown and grayish-brown on the surface. The mildew layer will cause the whole cluster to fester, and in severe cases, it will die in pieces. The low temperature and rainy years in winter and spring are serious hazards and the onset speed is fast.

In order to prevent pests and diseases, a large amount of pesticides and other toxic substances are used during the cultivation of leeks, and the application is not carried out at a safe interval, resulting in serious pesticide residues, and even causing acute poisoning of consumers after eating, resulting in some "poisonous leeks" incidents. In 2017, Shandong Province fully implemented the "dual certificate system" management of leek products, strictly prohibiting leek products without "Qualification Certificate" and "Market Sales Certificate" from entering the edible agricultural product market, production and processing, and catering services. Pesticide residues, soil pollution, safety on the tip of the tongue, and international competitiveness of agricultural products all urgently require us to produce high-quality and safe leeks, improve the quality of agricultural products in general, and improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in domestic and foreign markets.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a safe planting method of high-quality chives, comprising: a) seed selection, warm soup soaking, sowing, field planting, and cultivation;

b) Fertilizer and water management in the field, including fertilization, watering and covering soil, wherein the applied base manure is selected from one of microbial fertilizer, compound fertilizer and Biogen, microbial fertilizer and Biogen;

c) Control of pests and diseases, including the control of tardigrade leek, thrips, lepidopterid moth, gray mold;

d) safe harvesting.

In the above planting method, in step a), before the leek seeds are sown, according to that the seed clarity is higher than 99%, the seed color is pure, no mildew, the purity is higher than 95%, and the germination rate is higher than 80%, The standard with a moisture content of less than 8.5% selects chive seeds with good disease resistance and cold resistance.

In the above planting method, in step a), soak the seeds in warm soup according to the following operations: soak the leek seeds in clear water for 1-3 hours; take out the leek seeds and put them in hot water at 50-55°C, and soak the seeds in water for 10-3 hours. 20 minutes; then under the condition of natural cooling of the water temperature, continue to soak the seeds for 6-12 hours; then put the leek seeds on the gauze, filter out excess water; cover the wet gauze and place it in an environment with a temperature of 15-20°C to accelerate germination; After 2-3 days, 80% of the seeds can be sown.

In the above-mentioned planting method, in step a), implement the sowing according to the following operations: wet sowing method, after soaking and accelerating germination, sow in the seedling border, cover 2cm thin soil, and sow 6-8kg per mu; leek seedlings grow slowly, It should be suitable for early sowing, and it is advisable to sow from late March to late April. The temperature during the day is stable at 18-20°C. Choose deep and fertile soil. Sandy loam should be selected. The soil of the previous crop of non-leek vegetables should be used as the nursery ground. The same kind or the same family of crops have certain nutrient requirements, which will lead to the growth of certain elements in the soil. Insufficient or excess, in addition, it will cause the soil to accumulate poison and cause a large amount of germs.

The colonization is carried out according to the following operation: take out the leek seedlings, cut off the tip of the fibrous roots, and leave 2cm to 3cm to promote the development of new roots. Then cut off a section of the leaf tip to reduce leaf evaporation and maintain the balance between root absorption and leaf evaporation. Plant 8 to 10 seedlings in each hole according to the row spacing of 18cm to 20cm and the hole spacing of 10cm.

Implement the cultivation according to the following operations: pay attention to the peak growth period of Chinese chives, reasonably arrange planting and renewal, the yield in the first 1-2 years after planting is low, 3-6 years is the peak growth period, the yield is the highest, and enter the aging stage after 10 years , and should be transplanted in time by division. Generally, 1 mu of seedlings can be planted in 7-9 mu of leek fields.

In the above planting method, in step b), the field fertilizer and water management is carried out according to the following method:

Fertilization: apply base fertilizer (16-13-16) before closing the shed, and integrate water and fertilizer during the growth of leeks. The integration of water and fertilizer is an organic combination of pipeline irrigation and scientific fertilization. Water and nutrients are transported to the roots of crops through irrigation and fertilization at the same time , to meet the needs of crop water and fertilizer, and realize the water-saving agricultural technology of integrated management and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer. During the growth period of leeks, do not blindly increase the amount of chemical fertilizers to increase the yield. Blindly increasing the amount of chemical fertilizers can only cause soil compaction and aggravate acid-base. One of a kind.

Watering: When the seedlings are in full bloom, water lightly and frequently, and inter-cultivate to maintain moisture, and keep the soil semi-dry and semi-wet; the height of the seedlings is 15cm, and the watering is controlled to prevent the seedlings from being overgrown; eggs); water once every 5-7 days after autumn; during the vigorous growth period of leeks, adequate supply of fertilizer and water is required; reduce the amount of watering after the first ten days of October; transfer to arch sheds in November, water thoroughly before closing the sheds, and the first stubble of leeks is about 10cm Water twice, after which the water and fertilizer will be integrated, watering once every 10 days; add water before harvesting to keep the leeks straight and of good quality when harvested.

Covering soil: After watering and applying base fertilizer for leeks before buckling the shed, 2-3cm of soil needs to be covered on it. Cover the soil once a year to solve the problem of root adjustment of leeks. Covering soil can not only make the stems of leeks thicker and longer, and improve their commercial properties; moreover, when harvesting from the base, the soil covered around the stubble can be beneficial to the wound healing of leeks.

In the above-mentioned planting method, in step b), the planting shed is a small arched shed, the planting shed is a small arched shed, the length of the arched shed: width: 2m and height: 0.8m, built by bamboo poles and cement, the top is curved, covered with plastic, The insulation material is 1-1.2m wide and 3m long straw curtains. Relatively small investment and low construction cost; the risk of planting arched vegetables is small, and the success rate is high; the management of arched vegetables is simple, requires less labor, and the ventilation management is convenient, and the vegetable seedlings should not skyrocket. In the pre-treatment of the shed, hoe loosen the soil, dry it in the sun for two days, apply base fertilizer, and buckle the film after the soil is slightly dry. The time for closing the shed is determined according to the local climate. The shed must be erected before the ground freezes.

In the above planting method, in step b), the shed is not exposed to the wind at the beginning of the shed, at 28-30°C during the day and at 10-12°C at night; after the leeks germinate, the shed temperature is controlled at 15-24°C during the day, When the temperature is ℃, ventilate and dehumidify, keep the relative humidity at 60%-70%, keep it at 10-12℃ at night, and the minimum is not lower than 5℃. If the temperature is low, cover the straw curtains to keep warm; The leaves are thickened and green. After harvesting, the shed temperature should be increased by 2-3°C to promote germination.

In the above-mentioned planting method, in the middle ten days of March in step c), the monitoring and control of the tardigrade leeks began to be carried out, and the yellow boards were hung in the field, and the yellow boards were suspended 15-20 cm from the ground, and the "S" shape was evenly arranged. Sprinkle cow dung around the board, and replace it in time according to the number of insects on the yellow board every 10-20 days. If the damage in the field is uneven, you can pick and treat, and use sweet and sour liquid and yellow board to trap and kill the severely damaged areas. Adults prevent them from laying eggs; during the outbreak period of leek maggots in April, before the greenhouse is withdrawn from the film, the population of Chive tardigrade can be reduced through high temperature and stuffy sheds; when the number of adults occurs in a large number from mid-to-late April to June, control the frequency of watering And the time interval, so as to reduce the humidity environment required by the female insects to lay eggs. It is advisable to water once every 25 to 30 days. Before closing the shed in November, perform root irrigation treatment with chemical agents (imidacloprid, chlorfluazuron, etc.). Lepidoptera moth: At the end of November, trim the farmland, clean up the old leek leaves and surrounding weeds in time and deal with them remotely. Thrips: heavy occurrence in September-October, remove dead branches and leaves in the field, reduce overwintering base; spray treatment, thrips are relatively sensitive to water, precipitation can reduce insect population density; trapping and killing with yellow boards, etc. Botrytis cinerea: From mid-December to March, the temperature is 16-23°C and the relative humidity is above 86%. The onset is severe. Apply 50% procymidone wettable powder 1000 times liquid at the early stage or before the onset of leek gray mold. Spray once every 7-10 days, and the safe interval for using on leeks is 30 days, and the maximum number of times of use in each crop cycle is once; according to the local temperature, the humidity of the greenhouse is strictly controlled according to the time of ventilation; after the leeks are harvested, Remove sick and residual bodies in time, bury or burn them deeply to prevent the spread of germs; ventilate and reduce humidity in a timely manner, and the ventilation should be determined according to the growth of leeks. For freshly cut leeks or when the outside temperature is low, the ventilation rate should be small or delayed to prevent sweeping wind; pesticides must be applied with high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue, and easy-to-decompose safe pesticides.

In the above planting method, in step c), scientific pesticide application technology is the guarantee of the control effect, and the ideal effect can only be achieved only when the pesticide is used strictly in accordance with the operating procedures. Appropriate equipment: For fungicides, choose nozzles with smaller droplets, for insecticides, choose larger nozzles, and for herbicides, it is best to use fan-shaped nozzles; apply pesticides according to the weather: strong winds, rain can not spray pesticides, before raining Do not spray, do not spray if there is dew, and do not spray under high temperature and scorching sun. Some farmers think that the higher the temperature, the better the insecticidal effect of pesticides, but this is not the case. In summer, when the pesticide is sprayed under high temperature and strong light, most of the pests stop their surface activities and hide in a cool and dark place, so it is difficult to spray the pesticide in place. Moreover, at high temperature, the volatilization loss of pesticides is large, and the drug properties are decomposed quickly. Therefore, at this time, the efficacy of spraying pesticides is reduced instead. At high temperature, the medicament is highly volatile, and the drug enters the human body through breathing and skin pores, which can easily cause poisoning of the operator. Try to work under sunny and windless conditions, generally 8-10 am (after the dew dries up) and 5-7 pm (before and after sunset), choose the time when the pests are active and spray pesticides; take corresponding pesticides according to different control objects Technology, for example, when preventing and controlling diseases, since the germs are generally on the back of the leaves of the crops, the back of the leaves must be sprayed evenly when applying pesticides, and the spraying requires targeted spraying; pay attention to the surrounding crops: avoid phytotoxicity.

Choose medicines scientifically, choose pesticides according to the prevention and control objects, and prescribe the right medicines, and do not use them blindly.

Pay attention to the safe interval of pesticides, and apply pesticides within the safe interval to ensure that the pesticide residues do not exceed the standard and the quality and safety of agricultural products can be guaranteed. Different pesticides have different safety intervals, and they should be used in accordance with the regulations on the pesticide label.

According to the characteristics of pesticides, choose different spraying methods.

Prohibit the use of pesticides that are completely banned, and use restricted pesticides with caution.

In the above planting method, in step d), for the safe harvesting of leeks, 3 stubbles of leeks can be harvested in winter and spring sheds, and the standard for cutting leeks is 7 leaves and 1 heart. Harvesting is best in the early morning. It is advisable to cut to the 3-4cm leaf sheath on the bulb. Afterwards, each cut should be slightly higher than the previous stubble to ensure normal growth. 25d-30d safe harvesting, the harvesting principle is "water supply, whole shed harvesting, bagging as you cut, and ventilation is strictly prohibited". After each harvest, after 2-3 days, when the leek wound heals and the new leaves are about to emerge, water and topdress. During the period from May to November of the following year, there is generally no harvesting, and the roots are mainly raised and managed in the open field.

In the leek planting process of the present invention, scientific medication will be strictly controlled.

The invention has the advantages that: the microbial fertilizer contains rich nutrients, for example, rich in protein and various trace elements. Utilization in seedling cultivation can enhance fertility, increase yield and improve quality, can provide the growth needs of leeks, can produce strong seedlings, and improve the quality and yield of leeks.

By adopting the safe production method of high-quality chives provided by the invention, green, safe and high-quality chives can be obtained.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

1. Before sowing leek seeds, according to the standards that the seed clarity is higher than 99%, the seed color is pure, no mildew, the purity is higher than 95%, the germination rate is higher than 80%, and the moisture content is lower than 8.5%. Disease, cold-resistant chive seeds with good quality.

2. Soak the seeds in warm soup according to the following operations: soak the leek seeds in clear water for 2 hours; take out the leek seeds and put them in hot water at 55°C, and keep the water temperature for soaking the seeds for 15 minutes; then continue to soak the seeds for 10 hours under the condition of natural cooling of the water temperature After that, put the leek seeds on gauze, filter out excess water; cover the wet gauze and put them in an environment with a temperature of 20°C to accelerate germination; after 3 days, 80% of the seeds can be sown when they are white.

3. Sowing is carried out according to the following operations: wet sowing method, after soaking and accelerating germination, sow in the seedling border, cover with 2cm thin soil, and sow 7kg per mu; leek seedlings grow slowly, so they should be sown early, from late March to late April It is advisable for sowing to stabilize the temperature at 20°C during the day. Choose a deep, fertile sandy loam soil, and the soil of the previous crop of non-leek vegetables as a nursery ground.

4. Carry out colonization according to the following operations: Take out the leek seedlings, cut off the tip of the fibrous roots, and leave 2cm to 3cm to promote the development of new roots. Then cut off a section of the leaf tip to reduce leaf evaporation and maintain the balance between root absorption and leaf evaporation. Plant 8 to 10 seedlings in each hole according to the row spacing of 18cm to 20cm and the hole spacing of 10cm.

Choose a small arched shed as the planting shed. The arched shed is length: width: 2m and height: 0.8m. It is made of bamboo poles and cement. The top is curved and covered with plastic. The insulation material is 1-1.2m wide and 3m long straw curtains. In the pre-treatment of the shed, hoe loosen the soil, dry it in the sun for two days, apply base fertilizer, and buckle the film after the soil is slightly dry. The time for closing the shed is determined according to the local climate. The shed must be erected before the ground freezes. In the early stage of the shed, do not remove the film to let the wind out, 28-30°C during the day and 10-12°C at night; after the leeks germinate, the temperature of the shed is controlled at 15-24°C during the day, and when the room temperature exceeds 24°C, ventilate and dehumidify, and keep the relative humidity at 60 %-70%, control at 10-12°C at night, the minimum is not lower than 5°C, if the temperature is low, cover with straw curtains to keep warm; reduce the shed temperature one week before harvesting leeks, so that the leaves will thicken and green. After harvesting, the shed temperature should be increased by 2-3°C to promote germination

5. In April, when the leek maggots were in the outbreak period, a high-temperature stuffy shed was used to control the occurrence of leek maggot adults. Secondly, phoxim was used to irrigate the roots at 300ml/mu in the area where the ridges were broken and the seedlings were lacking. In the severely damaged land, sweet and sour wine liquid was placed and cow dung was added for trapping. Spread cow dung around to trap and kill. After the film was removed from the greenhouse at the end of April, 60 yellow boards were hung 15-20cm above the ground, and the "S" shape was evenly arranged in the east-west leek shed with a length of 120m and a width of 10m, and surveyed and replaced every 15-20 days , until July. In the later stage, we will pick and cure, and trap and kill with sweet and sour liquid and yellow board in the areas with serious harm of leek maggots. At the end of November, eradicate the leeks that have oversummered, remove the weeds in the field, and transport the residual leaves and weeds out of the field and clean them up. Cool for two days, then spray the ground, apply compound fertilizer (16-13-16) 75kg/mu base fertilizer and 6kg/mu Baiqiwei (applied according to its use requirements), cover the ground with soil, spray water to make it moist, and buckle the shed. When the leek seedlings grow for about 12 days and the plant height of the leek is 10cm, apply 20kg of raw water and fertilizer together, and water three times during the whole growth period, before buckling the shed, topdressing, and before harvesting.

6. For the safe harvesting of leeks, the standard for cutting leeks is 7 leaves and 1 heart. Harvesting is best in the early morning. It is advisable to cut to the 3-4cm leaf sheath on the bulb. Afterwards, each cut should be slightly higher than the previous stubble to ensure normal growth. Harvest safely within 25-30 days. The harvesting principle is "water supply, harvesting in the whole shed, bagging as you cut, and ventilation is strictly prohibited." After each harvest, after 2-3 days, when the leek wound heals and the new leaves are about to emerge, water and topdress.

Example 2

Consistent with the leek planting method of Example 1, the difference is that before the leek is buckled into the shed, apply 500g/mu microbial fertilizer and 6kg/mu of Biodrug (applied according to its use requirements), cover the ground, spray, buckle shed.

Example 3

It is consistent with the leek planting method in Example 1, except that before the leek is put into the shed, 1000 g/mu of microbial fertilizer is applied, the ground is covered with soil, sprayed, and the shed is put into the shed. Using the random sampling method, randomly select five pier leeks, randomly select three leeks per pier, harvest them and measure their plant height with a scale; then wrap the paper strip around the stem of the leek for a week, and use the scale to measure the length of the week to measure the leek plant stem; choose the widest one of leek leaves, select the middle part of the vein and measure the leaf width with a scale; measure the fresh weight with an electronic balance; measure the chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of fresh leaves.

Table 1 Effects of different base fertilizers on the growth of Chinese chives

Above-mentioned measurement result shows: the yield of leek planting method leek provided by the invention is high, and under the condition that keeps other conditions all the same, compared with the leek that uses common compound fertilizer, the chlorophyll, leaf of the microbial bacterial fertilizer leek that the present invention uses There was no significant difference in width, plant height, fresh weight and leek mixed with compound fertilizer and Pocky Micro. Adopting the leek planting method provided in the embodiment of the present invention can not only increase the yield of leek, but also improve the quality of leek.

The safe planting method of high-quality chives of the present invention can be applied to the safe production of leeks, and can produce high-quality agricultural products with scientific and reasonable pesticides during the planting process.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention Inside.

Claims (11)

1. a safe planting method of high-quality leek, is characterized in that, described planting method comprises: a) Seed selection, warm soup soaking, sowing, planting, cultivation; b) Fertilizer and water management in the field, including fertilization, watering and covering soil, wherein the applied base manure is selected from one of microbial fertilizer, compound fertilizer and Biogen, microbial fertilizer and Biogen; c) Control of pests and diseases, including the control of tardigrade leek, thrips, lepidopterid moth, gray mold; d) safe harvesting. 2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step a), before the leek seeds are sown, the purity of the seeds is higher than 99%, the seeds are pure in color, without mildew, and the purity is higher than 99%. 95%, the germination rate is higher than 80%, and the moisture content is lower than 8.5%. Select leek seeds with good disease resistance and cold resistance. 3. planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step a), implement described warm soup soaking seed according to following operation: Soak leek seed with clear water 1-3 hour; Take out described leek seed and put into 50- In hot water at 55°C, maintain the water temperature to soak the seeds for 10-20 minutes; then, under the condition of natural cooling of the water temperature, continue to soak the seeds for 6-12 hours; then put the leek seeds on the gauze, filter out excess water; cover with wet gauze The net is placed in an environment with a temperature of 15-20°C to accelerate germination; after 2-3 days, 80% of the seeds are white and can be sown. 4. planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step a), implement described sowing according to the following operation: wet sowing method, sow in seedling bed after soaking and accelerating germination, cover 2cm thin soil, every mu Sowing 6-8kg; suitable for early sowing, sowing from late March to late April, and the daytime temperature is stable at 18-20°C. 5. planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step a), select soil layer deep and thick, fertile soil, the soil of the non-leek vegetables of previous stubble is used as nursery ground; Carry out the described field planting according to the following operations: remove the leek seedlings, cut off the apex of the fibrous roots, leave 2cm to 3cm, press the row spacing of 18cm to 20cm and the hole spacing of 10cm in the furrow, and plant 8 to 10 seedlings in each hole; and according to the following Operation and implementation of the above-mentioned cultivation: pay attention to the peak growth period of leeks, arrange planting and renewal reasonably, the yield in the first 1-2 years after planting is low, 3-6 years is the peak growth period, and the yield is the highest, and enters the aging stage after 10 years. Timely transplanting by division, 1 mu of seedlings planted in 7-9 mu of leek fields. 6. planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step b), carries out fertilizer and water management in the field according to the following method: Fertilization: Apply base fertilizer before closing the shed, and integrate water and fertilizer during the growth of leeks. The base fertilizer applied is selected from one of microbial fertilizer, compound fertilizer and Biodrug, microbial fertilizer and Biodil; Watering: When the seedlings are fully emerged, water lightly and frequently; when the height of the seedlings is 15cm, control watering; control water in summer; water once every 5-7 days after autumn; when leeks are vigorously growing, fully supply fertilizer and water; after the first ten days of October Reduce the amount of watering; transfer to the arch shed in November, water it thoroughly before closing the shed, water the first stubble of leeks about 15cm away, and then integrate water and fertilizer, watering once every 10 days; before harvesting, add water; and Covering soil: After watering and applying base fertilizer for leeks, 2-3cm of soil needs to be covered on the top, and the soil should be covered once a year to solve the problem of root adjustment of leeks. 7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step b), the planting shed is a small arched shed, the length of the arched shed: width: 2m and height: 0.8m, built with bamboo poles and cement, the top is curved, The top is covered with plastic, and the insulation material is a straw curtain with a width of 1-1.2m and a length of 3m; In the pre-treatment of the shed, hoe loosen the soil, dry it in the sun for two days, apply base fertilizer, and buckle the film after the soil is slightly dry. 8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step b), the film is not removed to let the wind out at the initial stage of closing the shed, at 28-30°C during the day and at 10-12°C at night; After the leeks germinate, the temperature of the shed should be controlled at 15-24°C during the day, and when the room temperature exceeds 24°C, ventilate and dehumidify, keep the relative humidity at 60%-70%, and keep it at 10-12°C at night, with a minimum of 5°C. If the temperature is low, cover with straw curtains to keep warm; Lower the greenhouse temperature one week before harvesting leeks to make the leaves thicker and greener. After harvesting, the shed temperature should be increased by 2-3°C to promote germination. 9. planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step c), the step of pest control specifically comprises: Chive tardigrades: Monitoring and control of leek tardigrades began in mid-March. Yellow boards were hung in the field, and the yellow boards were hung 15-20 cm above the ground. "S" shapes were evenly arranged around the yellow boards to spread cow dung. Change every 10-20 days according to the number of insects covered on the yellow board. When the damage in the field is uneven, pick and treat, and use sweet and sour liquid and yellow board to trap and kill adults to prevent their eggs from laying eggs in the severely damaged areas; During the maggot outbreak period, reduce the population of Chive tardigrades through high-temperature and stuffy sheds before withdrawing the film from the greenhouse; when the number of adults occurs in a large number from mid-to-late April to June, control the frequency and time interval of watering to reduce the number of females laying eggs For the required humidity environment, water once every 25 to 30 days, and perform root irrigation with chemical agents before closing the shed in November; Lepidoptera moth: At the end of November, trim the farmland, clean up the old leek leaves and surrounding weeds in time and deal with them remotely; Thrips: During the period of occurrence, remove the dead branches and leaves in the field to reduce the overwintering base; spray treatment to reduce the population density; trap and kill with yellow boards; Botrytis: At the beginning of the disease, strictly control the humidity of the greenhouse according to the local temperature and the time of ventilation; after the leeks are harvested, remove the diseased residues, bury them deeply or burn them to prevent the spread of germs; ventilate and reduce humidity in a timely manner, and the ventilation should be based on the growth of the leeks Confirm; when the leeks have just been cut or when the outside temperature is low, the ventilation volume should be small or the ventilation should be delayed to prevent sweeping wind; apply 50% procymidone wettable powder 1000 times liquid at the early stage or before the onset of gray mold of leeks, every 7 -Spray once every 10 days, the safe interval for use on leeks is 30 days, and the maximum number of applications per crop cycle is 1 time. 10. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step c), select suitable instruments for insecticidal, sterilizing, and weeding, and select different nozzles for different operations; Work under windy conditions, 8-10 am, 5-7 pm, choose the time when the pests are active and spray; adopt corresponding spraying techniques according to different control objects. 11. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step d), safe harvesting of leeks, 3 stubbles of leeks in winter and spring sheds, leeks with 7 leaves and 1 heart as the standard for cutting leeks, harvesting in the morning, Cut to the 3-4cm leaf sheath on the bulb, and each cut will be higher than the previous stubble to ensure normal growth; 25-30 days for safe harvesting. The harvesting principle is "water supply, harvesting in the whole shed, bagging as you cut, and ventilation is strictly prohibited." Topdressing, during the period from May to November of the following year, no harvesting, mainly root cultivation, and open field management.