CN208109602U - Biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance testing apparatus and micro mechanical property test equipment in situ - Google Patents
Biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance testing apparatus and micro mechanical property test equipment in situ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器及原位微观力学性能测试设备。所述双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器主要针对薄膜材料进行拉伸试验,使用时将待测试的试件放入夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件之间固定,使用拉伸装置对试件进行双轴或单轴拉伸,然后利用作用力检测装置检测拉伸方向上试件所受到的力,并通过位移检测装置检测拉伸方向上试件产生的尺寸变化;同时,由于本实用新型提供的拉伸力学性能测试仪器的体积小,结构紧凑,可以直接与Raman光谱仪、XRD、超景深显微镜或光学显微镜相结合,实现对被测试试件的微观损伤演变进行原位表征,为研究材料的微观损伤演变规律和失效机理提供参考。
The utility model relates to a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument and in-situ microscopic mechanical property testing equipment. The biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument is mainly for performing tensile tests on film materials. When in use, the test piece to be tested is placed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture to fix it, and the test piece is tested using a tensile device. Biaxial or uniaxial stretching, and then use the force detection device to detect the force on the test piece in the stretching direction, and use the displacement detection device to detect the dimensional change of the test piece in the stretching direction; at the same time, because the utility model provides The tensile mechanical property testing instrument is small in size and compact in structure, and can be directly combined with Raman spectrometer, XRD, ultra-depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope to realize in-situ characterization of the microscopic damage evolution of the tested specimen, which is useful for the research of materials. The law of microscopic damage evolution and failure mechanism provide reference.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及力学性能测试仪器技术领域,具体地,涉及一种双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器及原位微观力学性能测试设备。The utility model relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing instruments, in particular to a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument and in-situ microscopic mechanical property testing equipment.
背景技术Background technique
纺织材料和薄膜材料是日常使用很广泛的一类材料,在纺织材料平面上,经纬线互相垂直。由于经纬线性能各异,因此织物应该认为正交各向异性的。薄膜材料没有弯曲刚度,仅能抵抗拉力。然而在实际使用过程中,并非受到单一形式的破坏,而是复杂应力的共同作用。这就要求纺织或薄膜材料必须具有一种承受机械载荷而不超过许可变形或不破坏的能力,这种能力就是材料的力学性能,而要了解材料的力学性能以及影响材料力学性能的各种因素,就必须结合材料的失效形式,通过设计实验来了解材料各方面的力学性能。Textile materials and film materials are a class of materials that are widely used in daily life. On the plane of textile materials, the warp and latitude lines are perpendicular to each other. Due to the different properties of the warp and weft threads, the fabric should be considered orthotropic. Membrane materials have no bending stiffness and can only resist tensile forces. However, in the actual use process, it is not damaged by a single form, but the joint action of complex stresses. This requires that textile or film materials must have the ability to withstand mechanical loads without exceeding the allowable deformation or damage. This ability is the mechanical properties of the material, and it is necessary to understand the mechanical properties of the material and various factors that affect the mechanical properties of the material. , it is necessary to combine the failure mode of the material and design experiments to understand the mechanical properties of the material in all aspects.
其中,拉伸试验则是应用最广泛的力学性能试验方法之一。传统的拉伸试验一般是在万能材料试验机上进行的,试验时,调整移动横梁至适当位置,将标准试样处于铅垂并位于中间位置时夹紧试样,然后在标准试样上加载进行拉伸,由于拉伸疲劳加载比较符合实际生产中结构件以及功能件的实际工作情况,所以常在拉伸试验中被采用。Among them, tensile test is one of the most widely used mechanical property test methods. The traditional tensile test is generally carried out on a universal material testing machine. During the test, adjust the moving beam to an appropriate position, clamp the sample when the standard sample is vertical and in the middle position, and then load it on the standard sample. Tensile, because tensile fatigue loading is more in line with the actual working conditions of structural parts and functional parts in actual production, it is often used in tensile tests.
原位力学性能测试是指在微、纳米尺度下对试件材料进行力学性能测试,通过电子显微镜等观测仪器对载荷作用下材料发生的微观变形损伤进行全程动态监测的一种力学测试技术。该技术深入的揭示了各类材料及其制品的微观力学行为、损伤机理及其与载荷作用和材料性能间的相关性规律。但是这种拉伸测试装置体积大,属于“非原位”拉伸测试领域,即在测试的动态过程中,不能借助于扫描电子显微镜,拉曼光谱仪,激光共聚焦显微镜,超景深显微镜等显微成像组件对被测试件在拉伸加载工况下,开展原位实时的动态监测。In-situ mechanical performance testing refers to the mechanical performance testing of specimen materials at the micro-nano scale, and a dynamic monitoring of the microscopic deformation and damage of materials under load through observation instruments such as electron microscopes. This technology deeply reveals the micro-mechanical behavior of various materials and their products, the damage mechanism and its correlation with load action and material properties. However, this kind of tensile testing device is bulky and belongs to the field of "ex situ" tensile testing, that is, in the dynamic process of testing, it cannot be detected by scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, laser confocal microscope, super depth-of-field microscope, etc. The micro-imaging component carries out in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring of the tested piece under tensile loading conditions.
实用新型内容Utility model content
为了改善现有技术的不足,本实用新型的目的在于提供了一种双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器及原位微观力学性能测试设备,以解决现有技术中存在的现有的拉伸测试装置体积大,属于“非原位”拉伸测试领域,即在测试的动态过程中,不能借助于扫描电子显微镜,拉曼光谱仪,激光共聚焦显微镜,超景深显微镜等显微成像组件对被测试件在拉伸加载工况下,开展原位实时的动态监测的技术问题。In order to improve the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument and in-situ micro-mechanical property testing equipment to solve the existing tensile testing device existing in the prior art It is large in size and belongs to the field of "ex situ" tensile testing, that is, during the dynamic process of testing, it is not possible to use scanning electron microscopes, Raman spectrometers, laser confocal microscopes, ultra-depth-of-field microscopes and other microscopic imaging components to test the parts under test. Under the condition of tensile loading, it is a technical problem to carry out in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring.
在本实用新型的实施例中提供了一种双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器,所述双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器包括有底座和设置于底座上的夹具固定装置、拉伸装置、作用力检测装置及位移检测装置;所述夹具固定装置用于固定待测试的试件,所述夹具固定装置包括有夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件,试件放置于所述夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件之间,所述夹具下板组件包括有相互垂直设置的第一夹具下板组件和第二夹具下板组件,第一夹具下板组件包括有相互平行设置的夹具下板a与夹具下板b,第二夹具下板组件包括有相互平行设置的夹具下板c与夹具下板d,所述夹具上板组件包括有夹具上板a、夹具上板 b、夹具上板c、夹具上板d,所述夹具上板a位于夹具下板a上方,所述夹具上板b位于夹具下板b上方,所述夹具上板c位于夹具下板 c上方,所述夹具上板d位于夹具下板d上方,对试件进行装夹;所述拉伸装置的数量为四个,所述拉伸装置分别与夹具下板a、夹具下板b、夹具下板c、夹具下板d相连接,用于对试件在相互垂直的两个方向上施加拉力和压力;所述位移检测装置数量为四个,所述位移检测装置分别与夹具下板a、夹具下板b、夹具下板c、夹具下板d 相连接,用于对试件在四个方向上的位移进行测量;所述作用力检测装置的数量至少为两个,两个所述作用力检测装置分别与相互垂直的两个所述夹具下板相连接,用于对试件在两个相互垂直的方向上所受的作用力进行测量。In an embodiment of the present invention, a biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument is provided, and the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument includes a base and a clamp fixing device arranged on the base, a stretching device, a force detection device and displacement detection device; the fixture fixing device is used to fix the test piece to be tested, the fixture fixing device includes a fixture upper plate assembly and a fixture lower plate assembly, and the test piece is placed on the fixture upper plate assembly and the fixture Between the lower plate components, the clamp lower plate component includes a first clamp lower plate component and a second clamp lower plate component arranged perpendicularly to each other, and the first clamp lower plate component includes a clamp lower plate a and a clamp that are arranged parallel to each other The lower plate b, the second jig lower plate assembly includes a jig lower plate c and a jig lower plate d arranged parallel to each other, and the jig upper plate assembly includes a jig upper plate a, a jig upper plate b, a jig upper plate c, and a jig upper plate The upper plate d, the upper plate a of the fixture is located above the lower plate a of the fixture, the upper plate b of the fixture is located above the lower plate b of the fixture, the upper plate c of the fixture is located above the lower plate c of the fixture, and the upper plate d of the fixture is located The test piece is clamped above the fixture lower plate d; the number of the tensile devices is four, and the tensile devices are respectively connected with the fixture lower plate a, the fixture lower plate b, the fixture lower plate c, and the fixture lower plate d Connected to each other, it is used to apply tension and pressure to the test piece in two directions perpendicular to each other; the number of the displacement detection devices is four, and the displacement detection devices are respectively connected with the lower plate of the fixture, the lower plate of the fixture, and the lower plate of the fixture. The plate c and the fixture lower plate d are connected to measure the displacement of the test piece in four directions; the number of the force detection devices is at least two, and the two force detection devices are respectively perpendicular to each other. The two lower plates of the fixture are connected to measure the force on the test piece in two mutually perpendicular directions.
优选地,所述夹具上板和夹具下板上均设置有多个固定孔,所述夹具固定装置还包括有圆柱销和螺丝,试件安装在夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件之间,圆柱销依次穿过夹具上板的固定孔、试件和夹具下板的固定孔起到定位作用,所述螺丝将依次穿过夹具上板的固定孔、试件和夹具下板的固定孔拧紧以实现试件的固定。Preferably, a plurality of fixing holes are provided on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture, and the fixing device of the fixture further includes cylindrical pins and screws, and the test piece is installed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture, The cylindrical pin passes through the fixing hole of the upper plate of the fixture, the fixing hole of the test piece and the fixing hole of the lower plate of the fixture in order to play a positioning role, and the screw will pass through the fixing hole of the upper plate of the fixture, the fixing hole of the test piece and the lower plate of the fixture in turn to tighten to fix the test piece.
优选地,所述夹具固定装置还包括有夹具支撑板和夹具固定销,所述夹具支撑板的数量至少为两个,两个所述夹具支撑板设置于两个相互垂直的夹具下板的下方,所述夹具支撑板上设置有多个固定孔,所述夹具固定销通过夹具下板和夹具支撑板上的固定孔将所述夹具支撑板和夹具下板固定,所述夹具支撑板固定设置于所述底座上。Preferably, the clamp fixing device further includes a clamp support plate and a clamp fixing pin, the number of the clamp support plates is at least two, and the two clamp support plates are arranged below two mutually perpendicular clamp lower plates , the fixture support plate is provided with a plurality of fixing holes, the fixture fixing pin fixes the fixture support plate and the fixture lower plate through the fixing holes on the fixture lower plate and the fixture support plate, and the fixture support plate is fixedly arranged on the base.
优选地,所述拉伸装置包括有驱动单元、大直齿圆锥齿轮和与所述大直齿圆锥齿轮相互啮合设置的小直齿圆锥齿轮a、小直齿圆锥齿轮b、小直齿圆锥齿轮c和小直齿圆锥齿轮d,所述小直齿圆锥齿轮 a和小直齿圆锥齿轮c相互平行设置,所述小直齿圆锥齿轮b、小直齿圆锥齿轮d相互平行设置,且所述小直齿圆锥齿轮a分别与小直齿圆锥齿轮b、小直齿圆锥齿轮d相互垂直;所述小直齿圆锥齿轮a、小直齿圆锥齿轮b、小直齿圆锥齿轮c、小直齿圆锥齿轮d对应地与丝杠a、丝杠b、丝杠c、丝杠d分别连接,所述丝杠a、丝杠b、丝杠c、丝杠d又分别对应地与夹具下板a、夹具下板b、夹具下板c、夹具下板d相连接,用于驱动所述夹具下板a、夹具下板b、夹具下板c、夹具下板d沿所在方向轴向移动,从而实现对试件四个轴向方向上的施力。Preferably, the stretching device includes a drive unit, a large straight bevel gear, and a small straight bevel gear a, a small straight bevel gear b, and a small straight bevel gear that mesh with the large straight bevel gear. c and the small straight bevel gear d, the small straight bevel gear a and the small straight bevel gear c are arranged parallel to each other, the small straight bevel gear b and the small straight bevel gear d are arranged parallel to each other, and the Small straight bevel gear a is perpendicular to small straight bevel gear b and small straight bevel gear d respectively; the small straight bevel gear a, small straight bevel gear b, small straight bevel gear c, small straight bevel gear The bevel gear d is correspondingly connected with the lead screw a, lead screw b, lead screw c, and lead screw d respectively, and the lead screw a, lead screw b, lead screw c, and lead screw d are respectively correspondingly connected with the clamp lower plate a , the lower fixture plate b, the lower fixture plate c, and the lower fixture plate d are connected to each other, and are used to drive the lower fixture plate a, the lower fixture plate b, the lower fixture plate c, and the lower fixture plate d to move axially in the direction in which they are located, thereby Realize the application of force on the four axial directions of the specimen.
优选地,所述位移检测装置包括有固定板、位移传感器、位移传感器支座和支撑板,所述固定板和支撑板固定在所述底座上,丝杆的一端固定设置于所述固定板上,丝杠的另一端通过所述支撑板与夹具下板相互连接,所述支撑板与丝杠滑动连接;所述位移传感器支座的一端固定在所述固定板上,另一端固定在所述支撑板上,所述位移传感器固定在所述位移传感器支座上,且所述位移传感器与对应的夹具下板相连接,用于感应所述夹具下板沿所述丝杆所在方向的轴线上的位移。Preferably, the displacement detection device includes a fixed plate, a displacement sensor, a displacement sensor support and a support plate, the fixed plate and the support plate are fixed on the base, and one end of the screw rod is fixed on the fixed plate , the other end of the lead screw is connected to the lower plate of the fixture through the support plate, and the support plate is slidably connected to the lead screw; one end of the displacement sensor support is fixed on the fixed plate, and the other end is fixed on the On the support plate, the displacement sensor is fixed on the displacement sensor support, and the displacement sensor is connected to the corresponding lower plate of the fixture, and is used to sense the axis of the lower plate of the fixture along the direction of the screw rod. displacement.
优选地,所述作用力检测装置包括有力传感器,所述力传感器位于所述支撑板与夹具支撑板之间,用于并且与所述支撑板固定安装,且所述力传感器与所述夹具支撑板相连接,用于检测试件所受到的力的载荷大小。Preferably, the force detection device includes a force sensor, the force sensor is located between the support plate and the clamp support plate, and is used for and fixedly installed with the support plate, and the force sensor and the clamp support The plates are connected to detect the load of the force on the specimen.
优选地,所述双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器还包括有加热机构,所述加热机构位于所述夹具固定装置下方,用于对所述试件进行加热;所述加热机构包括有加热台和加热台支撑板,所述加热台可拆卸地固定在所述加热台支撑板上,所述加热台支撑板固定于所述底座上。Preferably, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument also includes a heating mechanism, the heating mechanism is located under the clamp fixing device, and is used to heat the test piece; the heating mechanism includes a heating table and A heating platform support plate, the heating platform is detachably fixed on the heating platform support plate, and the heating platform support plate is fixed on the base.
优选地,所述双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器还包括有试件标准化制作仪器,用于制作标准化试件。Preferably, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument also includes a test piece standardization production instrument for making standardized test pieces.
优选地,所述试件标准化制作仪器包括有沿竖直方向设置的上模座和下模座,所述上模座和下模座通过圆柱销固定定位;所述下模座上设置有承料板,用于放置待处理的试件;所述上模座上设置有模柄、凸模固定板和材料固定板,所述凸模固定板与上模座相连,所述模柄与凸模固定板相连,且穿过所述上模座上的固定孔,所述模柄用于控制所述凸模固定板沿竖直方向移动,所述凸模固定板下方通过弹簧与材料固定板连接,所述凸模固定板朝向所述下模座的一侧设置有刀具,所述刀具的设置位置与夹具上板和夹具下板上的固定孔的位置设置一致。Preferably, the test piece standardized manufacturing instrument includes an upper mold base and a lower mold base arranged in the vertical direction, and the upper mold base and the lower mold base are fixed and positioned by cylindrical pins; the lower mold base is provided with a bearing The material plate is used to place the test pieces to be processed; the upper mold base is provided with a mold handle, a punch fixing plate and a material fixing plate, the punch fixing plate is connected with the upper mold base, and the mold handle is connected with the punch The mold fixing plate is connected and passes through the fixing hole on the upper mold base. The mold handle is used to control the movement of the punch fixing plate in the vertical direction. Connected, the punch fixing plate is provided with a cutter on one side facing the lower mold base, and the setting position of the cutter is consistent with the position setting of the fixing holes on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture.
在本实用新型的实施例中提供了一种原位微观力学性能测试设备,所述原位微观力学性能测试设备包括有原位观测仪器及如上所述的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器。In an embodiment of the present invention, an in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing device is provided, and the in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing device includes an in-situ observation instrument and the above-mentioned biaxial tensile mechanical property testing equipment.
本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器使用时将待测试的试件放入夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件之间固定,使用拉伸装置对试件进行拉伸,然后利用作用力检测装置检测拉伸方向上试件所受到的力,和利用位移检测装置检测拉伸方向上试件产生的尺寸变化;同时,由于本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的体积小,结构紧凑,可以直接与Raman光谱仪、XRD、超景深显微镜或光学显微镜相结合,实现对被测试试件的微观损伤的演变进行原位的监测,为研究材料的失效机理提供参考。与现有的设备设备体积大、结构复杂、费用昂贵及兼容性差等问题相比,本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器通过不同的载荷加载方式对材料试件进行材料微观力学性能测试,进而提供可靠的材料原位微观力学性能测试。When the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the utility model is used, the test piece to be tested is placed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture, and the test piece is stretched by a stretching device, and then the test piece is used The force detection device detects the force suffered by the test piece in the stretching direction, and utilizes the displacement detection device to detect the dimensional change of the test piece in the stretching direction; at the same time, due to the volume of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model Small and compact, it can be directly combined with Raman spectrometer, XRD, super depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope to realize in-situ monitoring of the microscopic damage evolution of the tested specimen and provide a reference for studying the failure mechanism of materials. Compared with the problems of existing equipment such as large volume, complicated structure, high cost and poor compatibility, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model can test the microscopic mechanical properties of the material specimens through different load loading methods. Testing, and then provide reliable in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing of materials.
本实用新型提供的原位微观力学性能测试设备,其包括有原位观测仪器及如上所述的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器。The in-situ micro-mechanical property testing equipment provided by the utility model includes an in-situ observation instrument and the above-mentioned biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本实用新型的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the specific implementation or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the following descriptions The accompanying drawings are some implementations of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to these drawings without any creative work.
图1为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model;
图2为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的俯视图;Fig. 2 is the top view of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model;
图3为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的侧视图;Fig. 3 is the side view of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model;
图4为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的夹具固定装置的结构示意图;Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the clamp fixing device of the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the utility model;
图5为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的驱动单元、大直齿圆锥齿轮和小直齿圆锥齿轮的连接结构示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the drive unit, the large straight bevel gear and the small straight bevel gear of the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the present invention;
图6为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的侧视爆炸图;Fig. 6 is the side view explosion diagram of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model;
图7为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的试件的主视图;Fig. 7 is the front view of the test piece of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model;
图8为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的试件标准化制作仪器的侧视图;Fig. 8 is the side view of the test piece standardization production instrument of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model;
图9为本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的试件标准化制作仪器的结构示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a test piece standardization production instrument of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention.
图标:1-底座;2-夹具固定销;3-夹具下板a;4-力传感器a; 5-固定板a;6-力传感器支撑板a;7-丝杠a;8-导轨a;9-夹具支撑板a;10-夹具上板a;11-底座支撑柱;12-位移传感器支撑板a;13-位移传感器支座a;14-位移传感器a;15-丝杠b;16-固定板b;17-导轨b;18-夹具下板b;19-夹具上板b;20-夹具下板c;21-位移传感器支撑板b;22-导轨c;23-丝杠c;24-位移传感器b;25-固定板 c;26-位移传感器支座b;27-夹具上板c;28-夹具支撑板b;29-力传感器b;30-固定板d;31-丝杠d;32-力传感器支撑板b;33-导轨 d;34-夹具下板d;35-夹具上板d;36--加热台;37-小直齿圆锥齿轮a;38-大直齿圆锥齿轮;39-小直齿圆锥齿轮b;40-小直齿圆锥齿轮 c;41-小直齿圆锥齿轮d;42-电机;43-模柄;44-凸模固定板;45-弹簧;46-刀具;47-材料固定板;48-上模座;49-承料板;50-下模座;51-圆柱销;52-试件;53-加热台支撑板;54-螺丝;55-位移传感器c;56-位移传感器d;57-位移传感器支座c;58-位移传感器支座d。Icons: 1 - base; 2 - fixture pin; 3 - fixture lower plate a; 4 - force sensor a; 5 - fixed plate a; 6 - force sensor support plate a; 7 - lead screw a; 8 - guide rail a; 9-fixture support plate a; 10-fixture upper plate a; 11-base support column; 12-displacement sensor support plate a; 13-displacement sensor support a; 14-displacement sensor a; 15-screw b; 16- Fixed plate b; 17 - guide rail b; 18 - fixture lower plate b; 19 - fixture upper plate b; 20 - fixture lower plate c; 21 - displacement sensor support plate b; 22 - guide rail c; 23 - lead screw c; 24 - displacement sensor b; 25 - fixed plate c; 26 - displacement sensor support b; 27 - fixture upper plate c; 28 - fixture support plate b; 29 - force sensor b; 30 - fixed plate d; 31 - lead screw d ; 32 - force sensor support plate b; 33 - guide rail d; 34 - fixture lower plate d; 35 - fixture upper plate d; 36 - heating platform; 37 - small straight bevel gear a; 38 - large straight bevel gear ; 39-small straight bevel gear b; 40-small straight bevel gear c; 41-small straight bevel gear d; 42-motor; 43-die handle; 44-punch fixed plate; 45-spring; 46- Tool; 47-material fixing plate; 48-upper mold base; 49-loading plate; 50-lower mold base; 51-straight pin; 52-test piece; 53-heating table support plate; Sensor c; 56—displacement sensor d; 57—displacement sensor support c; 58—displacement sensor support d.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本实用新型的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本实用新型一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本实用新型保护的范围。The technical solutions of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要说明的是,术语如出现“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等,其所指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。此外,如出现术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", " "Outside", etc., the orientation or positional relationship indicated is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific Orientation, construction and operation in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“连通”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "communication" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
本实用新型提供一种双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器及原位微观力学性能测试设备,并给出其实施方式。The utility model provides a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument and in-situ microscopic mechanical property testing equipment, and provides the implementation manner.
如图1-图3所示,本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器,其包括有底座1和设置于底座1上的夹具固定装置、拉伸装置、作用力检测装置及位移检测装置;夹具固定装置用于固定待测试的试件52,夹具固定装置包括有夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件,试件52 放置于夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件之间,夹具下板组件包括有相互垂直设置的第一夹具下板组件和第二夹具下板组件,第一夹具下板组件包括有相互平行设置的夹具下板a3与夹具下板b18,第二夹具下板组件包括有相互平行设置的夹具下板c20与夹具下板d34,夹具上板组件包括有夹具上板a10、夹具上板b19、夹具上板c27、夹具上板d35,夹具上板a10位于夹具下板a3上方,夹具上板b19位于夹具下板b18上方,夹具上板c27位于夹具下板c20上方,夹具上板 d35位于夹具下板d34上方,对试件52进行装夹;拉伸装置的数量为四个,拉伸装置分别与夹具下板a3、夹具下板b18、夹具下板c20、夹具下板d34相连接,用于对试件52在相互垂直的两个方向上施加拉力和压力;位移检测装置数量为四个,位移检测装置分别与夹具下板a3、夹具下板b18、夹具下板c20、夹具下板d34相连接,用于对试件52在四个方向上的位移进行测量;作用力检测装置的数量至少为两个,两个作用力检测装置分别与相互垂直的两个夹具下板相连接,用于对试件52在两个相互垂直的方向上所受的作用力进行测量。As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the utility model includes a base 1 and a clamp fixing device arranged on the base 1, a stretching device, a force detection device and a displacement detection device; the fixture fixing device is used to fix the test piece 52 to be tested, and the fixture fixing device includes a fixture upper plate assembly and a fixture lower plate assembly, and the test piece 52 is placed between the fixture upper plate assembly and the fixture lower plate assembly, and the fixture lower plate assembly The assembly includes a first jig lower plate assembly and a second jig lower plate assembly that are arranged perpendicular to each other. The first jig lower plate assembly includes a jig lower plate a3 and a jig lower plate b18 that are arranged parallel to each other. The second jig lower plate assembly includes There are fixture lower plate c20 and fixture lower plate d34 arranged parallel to each other. The fixture upper plate assembly includes fixture upper plate a10, fixture upper plate b19, fixture upper plate c27, and fixture upper plate d35. Fixture upper plate a10 is located on fixture lower plate a3 Above, the fixture upper plate b19 is located above the fixture lower plate b18, the fixture upper plate c27 is located above the fixture lower plate c20, the fixture upper plate d35 is located above the fixture lower plate d34, and the specimen 52 is clamped; the number of tensile devices is four One, the stretching device is respectively connected with the fixture lower plate a3, the fixture lower plate b18, the fixture lower plate c20, and the fixture lower plate d34, and is used to apply tension and pressure to the test piece 52 in two directions perpendicular to each other; displacement detection The number of devices is four, and the displacement detection devices are respectively connected with the lower plate of the fixture a3, the lower plate of the fixture b18, the lower plate of the fixture c20, and the lower plate of the fixture d34, and are used to measure the displacement of the test piece 52 in four directions; The number of force detection devices is at least two, and the two force detection devices are respectively connected to the two lower plates of the fixture perpendicular to each other, and are used to measure the force on the test piece 52 in two mutually perpendicular directions .
本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器使用时将待测试的试件52放入夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件之间固定,使用拉伸装置对试件52进行拉伸,然后利用作用力检测装置检测拉伸方向上试件52所受到的力,和利用位移检测装置检测拉伸方向上试件52产生的尺寸变化;同时,由于本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器的体积小,结构紧凑,可以直接与Raman光谱仪、XRD、超景深显微镜或光学显微镜相结合,实现对被测试试件52的微观损伤的演变进行原位的监测,为研究材料的失效机理提供参考。与现有的设备设备体积大、结构复杂、费用昂贵及兼容性差等问题相比,本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器通过不同的载荷加载方式对材料试件52进行材料微观力学性能测试,进而提供可靠的材料原位微观力学性能测试。When the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the utility model is used, the test piece 52 to be tested is placed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture to be fixed, and the test piece 52 is stretched by using a stretching device, and then Utilize the force detection device to detect the force suffered by the test piece 52 in the stretching direction, and utilize the displacement detection device to detect the dimensional change produced by the test piece 52 in the stretching direction; meanwhile, due to the biaxial tensile mechanical properties provided by the utility model The test instrument is small in size and compact in structure, and can be directly combined with a Raman spectrometer, XRD, ultra-depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope to realize in-situ monitoring of the microscopic damage evolution of the tested specimen 52, and to study the failure mechanism of materials. for reference. Compared with the problems of existing equipment such as large volume, complex structure, high cost and poor compatibility, the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the utility model can perform material micromechanics testing on the material specimen 52 through different load loading methods. Performance testing, and then provide reliable in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing of materials.
如图4所示,夹具上板和夹具下板上均设置有多个固定孔,夹具固定装置还包括有圆柱销51和螺丝54,试件52安装在夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件之间,圆柱销51依次穿过夹具上板的固定孔、试件52和夹具下板的固定孔起到定位作用,螺丝54将依次穿过夹具上板的固定孔、试件52和夹具下板的固定孔拧紧以实现试件52的固定。试件52的样本总体尺寸大小60×60mm,夹具上板a10与夹具下板a3、夹具上板b19与夹具上板b19、夹具上板c27与夹具下板c20、夹具上板d35与夹具下板d34之间通过圆柱销51进行定位和螺丝54进行固定,试件52安装在夹具上板与夹具下板之间,由圆柱销51依次穿过夹具上板的固定孔、试件52与夹具下板的固定孔进行定位,同时试件52的锁紧由螺丝54的拧紧来实现,由此构成试件52的装夹结构。采用平铺结构布局,有助于和其他商业化的材料性能表征仪器设备相兼容;同时采用自行设计的夹具固定装置,夹具的尺寸可根据测试试件52的尺寸更换,使得装夹更加合理,实验结果更加精确。As shown in Figure 4, multiple fixing holes are provided on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture, and the fixing device of the fixture also includes cylindrical pins 51 and screws 54, and the test piece 52 is installed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture During this period, the cylindrical pin 51 passes through the fixing hole of the upper plate of the fixture, the test piece 52 and the fixing hole of the lower plate of the fixture in order to play a positioning role, and the screw 54 will pass through the fixing hole of the upper plate of the fixture, the test piece 52 and the lower plate of the fixture in turn. Tighten the fixing hole to realize the fixing of the test piece 52. The overall sample size of the test piece 52 is 60×60mm, the upper fixture plate a10 and the lower fixture plate a3, the upper fixture plate b19 and the upper fixture plate b19, the upper fixture plate c27 and the lower fixture plate c20, the upper fixture plate d35 and the lower fixture plate Between d34 are positioned by cylindrical pin 51 and fixed by screw 54. The test piece 52 is installed between the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture. The fixing holes of the plate are positioned, and the locking of the test piece 52 is realized by tightening the screw 54, thereby constituting the clamping structure of the test piece 52. The flat structure layout is helpful to be compatible with other commercialized material performance characterization instruments and equipment; at the same time, the self-designed fixture fixture is adopted, and the size of the fixture can be changed according to the size of the test specimen 52, making the fixture more reasonable. The experimental results are more accurate.
夹具固定装置还包括有夹具支撑板和夹具固定销2,夹具支撑板的数量至少为两个,两个夹具支撑板设置于两个相互垂直的夹具下板的下方,夹具支撑板上设置有多个固定孔,夹具固定销2通过夹具下板和夹具支撑板上的固定孔将夹具支撑板和夹具下板固定,夹具支撑板固定设置于底座1上。优选地,夹具固定装置中的夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件及夹具支撑板通过螺纹连接安装在底座1上面,因此拆卸方便,互换性好。底座1下方设置有底座支撑柱11用于支撑底座 1。The jig fixing device also includes a jig support plate and a jig fixing pin 2. The number of jig support plates is at least two, and the two jig support plates are arranged below two mutually perpendicular jig lower plates. A fixing hole, the fixture fixing pin 2 fixes the fixture support plate and the fixture lower plate through the fixing holes on the fixture lower plate and the fixture support plate, and the fixture support plate is fixedly arranged on the base 1. Preferably, the jig upper plate assembly, the jig lower plate assembly and the jig support plate in the jig fixing device are mounted on the base 1 through screw connections, so the disassembly is convenient and the interchangeability is good. The bottom of the base 1 is provided with a base support column 11 for supporting the base 1.
如图5所示,拉伸装置包括有驱动单元、大直齿圆锥齿轮38和与大直齿圆锥齿轮38相互啮合设置的小直齿圆锥齿轮a37、小直齿圆锥齿轮b39、小直齿圆锥齿轮c40和小直齿圆锥齿轮d41,小直齿圆锥齿轮a37和小直齿圆锥齿轮c40相互平行设置,小直齿圆锥齿轮b39、小直齿圆锥齿轮d41相互平行设置,且小直齿圆锥齿轮a37分别与小直齿圆锥齿轮b39、小直齿圆锥齿轮d41相互垂直;小直齿圆锥齿轮a37、小直齿圆锥齿轮b39、小直齿圆锥齿轮c40、小直齿圆锥齿轮d41对应地与丝杠a7、丝杠b15、丝杠c23、丝杠d31分别连接,丝杠a7、丝杠b15、丝杠c23、丝杠d31又分别对应地与夹具下板a3、夹具下板b18、夹具下板c20、夹具下板d34相连接,用于驱动夹具下板a3、夹具下板b18、夹具下板c20、夹具下板d34沿所在方向轴向移动,从而实现对试件52四个轴向方向上的施力。As shown in Figure 5, the stretching device includes a drive unit, a large straight bevel gear 38, and a small straight bevel gear a37, a small straight bevel gear b39, a small straight bevel gear 38, and a small straight bevel gear. The gear c40 and the small straight bevel gear d41, the small straight bevel gear a37 and the small straight bevel gear c40 are arranged parallel to each other, the small straight bevel gear b39 and the small straight bevel gear d41 are arranged parallel to each other, and the small straight bevel gear a37 is perpendicular to the small straight bevel gear b39 and small straight bevel gear d41 respectively; The rod a7, lead screw b15, lead screw c23, and lead screw d31 are respectively connected, and the lead screw a7, lead screw b15, lead screw c23, and lead screw d31 are respectively correspondingly connected with the fixture lower plate a3, the fixture lower plate b18, and the fixture lower plate c20 and the fixture lower plate d34 are connected to drive the fixture lower plate a3, the fixture lower plate b18, the fixture lower plate c20, and the fixture lower plate d34 to move axially in the direction where they are located, so as to realize the four axial directions of the test piece 52 of force.
进一步地,丝杠a7、丝杠b15、丝杠c23、丝杠d31相同轴向方向上对应设置有四个导轨:导轨a8、导轨b17、导轨c22、导轨d33,确保丝杠运动方向。Further, there are four guide rails corresponding to the same axial direction of the lead screw a7, lead screw b15, lead screw c23, and lead screw d31: guide rail a8, guide rail b17, guide rail c22, guide rail d33, to ensure the direction of movement of the lead screw.
位移检测装置包括有固定板、位移传感器、位移传感器支座和支撑板,固定板和支撑板固定在底座1上,丝杆的一端固定设置于固定板上,丝杠的另一端通过支撑板与夹具下板相互连接,支撑板与丝杠滑动连接;位移传感器支座的一端固定在固定板上,另一端固定在支撑板上,位移传感器固定在位移传感器支座上,且位移传感器与对应的夹具下板相连接,用于感应夹具下板沿丝杆所在方向的轴线上的位移。位移检测装置的数量为四个,位移传感器支座a13、位移传感器支座b26、位移传感器支座c57和位移传感器支座d58分别与位移传感器a14、位移传感器b24、位移传感器c55和位移传感器d56相连,位移传感器支座a13、位移传感器支座b26,位移传感器支座c57和位移传感器支座d58固定在底座1上,进行对测试试件52受双轴拉伸应力的位移大小的记录。The displacement detection device includes a fixed plate, a displacement sensor, a displacement sensor support and a support plate, the fixed plate and the support plate are fixed on the base 1, one end of the screw rod is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate, and the other end of the lead screw passes through the support plate and The lower plates of the fixture are connected to each other, and the support plate is slidably connected with the lead screw; one end of the displacement sensor support is fixed on the fixed plate, and the other end is fixed on the support plate, and the displacement sensor is fixed on the displacement sensor support, and the displacement sensor is connected to the corresponding The lower plate of the fixture is connected to sense the displacement of the lower plate of the fixture on the axis along the direction where the screw rod is located. The number of displacement detection devices is four, displacement sensor support a13, displacement sensor support b26, displacement sensor support c57 and displacement sensor support d58 are respectively connected with displacement sensor a14, displacement sensor b24, displacement sensor c55 and displacement sensor d56 , The displacement sensor support a13, the displacement sensor support b26, the displacement sensor support c57 and the displacement sensor support d58 are fixed on the base 1, and the displacement of the test specimen 52 subjected to the biaxial tensile stress is recorded.
作用力检测装置包括有力传感器,力传感器位于支撑板与夹具支撑板之间,用于并且与支撑板固定安装,且力传感器与夹具支撑板相连接,用于检测试件52所受到的力的载荷大小。力传感器包括有力传感器a4和力传感器b29,力传感器a4安装在力传感器支撑板a6 上,力传感器b29安装在力传感器支撑板b32上,传感器支撑板a6 和力传感器支撑板b32固定在底座1上,夹具支撑板包括有夹具支撑板a9和夹具支撑板b28,力传感器a4与夹具支撑板a9相连接,力传感器b29与夹具支撑板b28相连接,通过力传感器a4测量对夹具支撑板a9的挤压力的大小和力传感器b29对夹具支撑板b28的挤压力的大小完成对被测材料试件52所受载荷大小的记录。The force detection device includes a force sensor, the force sensor is located between the support plate and the fixture support plate, and is used for and fixedly installed with the support plate, and the force sensor is connected with the fixture support plate, and is used to detect the force of the test piece 52. payload size. The force sensor includes a force sensor a4 and a force sensor b29, the force sensor a4 is installed on the force sensor support plate a6, the force sensor b29 is installed on the force sensor support plate b32, the sensor support plate a6 and the force sensor support plate b32 are fixed on the base 1 , the fixture support plate includes a fixture support plate a9 and a fixture support plate b28, the force sensor a4 is connected to the fixture support plate a9, the force sensor b29 is connected to the fixture support plate b28, and the force sensor a4 is used to measure the squeeze of the fixture support plate a9 The magnitude of the pressure and the magnitude of the pressing force of the force sensor b29 on the clamp support plate b28 complete the record of the magnitude of the load on the tested material specimen 52 .
支撑板包括有力传感器支撑板a6、力传感器支撑板b32、位移传感器支撑板a12、位移传感器支撑板b21。丝杠a7、丝杠b15、丝杠 c23、丝杠d31又分别与力传感器支撑板a6、力传感器支撑板b32、位移传感器支撑板a12、位移传感器支撑板b21相连,同时又由固定板a5、固定板b16、固定板c25、固定板d30所固定,从而实现进给运动。The support plate includes a force sensor support plate a6, a force sensor support plate b32, a displacement sensor support plate a12, and a displacement sensor support plate b21. Lead screw a7, lead screw b15, lead screw c23, lead screw d31 are respectively connected with force sensor support plate a6, force sensor support plate b32, displacement sensor support plate a12, displacement sensor support plate b21, and at the same time are connected by fixed plate a5, The fixed plate b16, the fixed plate c25, and the fixed plate d30 are fixed to realize the feed movement.
驱动单元可以为电机42,通过电机42驱动大直齿圆锥齿轮38 带动底部四个小直齿圆锥齿轮转动,四个小直齿圆锥齿轮和相对应的双向丝杠螺母副连接实现准静态加载,同时位移传感器及力传感器分别对位移和载荷进行记录,通过对传感器数据的分析,得出被测试材料试件52的原位微观力学性能。采用了简便可行的电机42驱动一个大直齿圆锥齿轮38带动四个小直齿圆锥齿轮转动,没有冗杂传动环节的能量损失,使整体布局更加合理,传动平稳,传动效率及应力测量数据的准确性得到提高。使得本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器具有结构紧凑、同步性好、能耗小、测试范围广等优点。The driving unit can be a motor 42, through which the large straight bevel gear 38 is driven to rotate the four small straight bevel gears at the bottom, and the four small straight bevel gears are connected with the corresponding two-way lead screw and nut pairs to realize quasi-static loading. At the same time, the displacement sensor and the force sensor respectively record the displacement and the load, and through the analysis of the sensor data, the in-situ micromechanical properties of the tested material specimen 52 are obtained. A simple and feasible motor 42 is used to drive a large straight-toothed bevel gear 38 to drive four small straight-toothed bevel gears to rotate. There is no energy loss in redundant transmission links, which makes the overall layout more reasonable, stable transmission, transmission efficiency and accurate stress measurement data. Sex is improved. The biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the utility model has the advantages of compact structure, good synchronization, low energy consumption, wide testing range and the like.
如图6所示,双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器还包括有加热机构,加热机构位于夹具固定装置下方,用于对试件52进行加热;加热机构包括有加热台36和加热台支撑板53,加热台36可拆卸地固定在加热台支撑板53上,加热台支撑板53固定于底座1上。可拆卸的加热台36可以对不同温度要求材料的试件52进行测试,增加了测试仪器的应用范围。As shown in Figure 6, the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument also includes a heating mechanism, which is located below the clamp fixture and is used to heat the test piece 52; the heating mechanism includes a heating table 36 and a heating table support plate 53 , the heating platform 36 is detachably fixed on the heating platform support plate 53 , and the heating platform support plate 53 is fixed on the base 1 . The detachable heating table 36 can test the test pieces 52 of materials with different temperature requirements, which increases the application range of the test instrument.
如图7-图9所示,双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器还包括有试件52 标准化制作仪器,用于制作标准化试件52。试件52的标准化由试件 52标准化制作仪器实现,控制材料形状对试验造成的影响。As shown in FIGS. 7-9 , the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing apparatus also includes a standardized production instrument for test pieces 52 for making standardized test pieces 52 . The standardization of the test piece 52 is realized by the test piece 52 standardization manufacturing instrument, and the influence of the control material shape on the test is caused.
具体地,试件52标准化制作仪器包括有沿竖直方向设置的上模座48和下模座50,上模座48和下模座50通过圆柱销51固定定位;下模座50上设置有承料板49,用于放置待处理的试件52;上模座 48上设置有模柄43、凸模固定板44和材料固定板47,凸模固定板 44与上模座48相连,模柄43与凸模固定板44相连,且穿过上模座 48上的固定孔,模柄43用于控制凸模固定板44沿竖直方向移动,凸模固定板44下方通过弹簧45与材料固定板47连接,凸模固定板 44朝向下模座50的一侧设置有刀具46,刀具46的设置位置与夹具上板和夹具下板上的固定孔的位置设置一致。在使用时,将试件52 放在承料板49上,压动模柄43,使得凸模固定板44和材料固定板 47向试件52方向移动,材料固定板47固定住试件52,同时刀具46对试件52实现标准化的固定孔裁剪。Specifically, the test piece 52 standardized manufacturing instrument includes an upper mold base 48 and a lower mold base 50 arranged in the vertical direction, and the upper mold base 48 and the lower mold base 50 are fixed and positioned by cylindrical pins 51; the lower mold base 50 is provided with Material bearing plate 49 is used to place the test piece 52 to be processed; die handle 43, punch fixing plate 44 and material fixing plate 47 are arranged on the upper die base 48, and the punch fixing plate 44 links to each other with upper die base 48, and Handle 43 links to each other with punch fixed plate 44, and passes through the fixed hole on the upper mold base 48, and mold handle 43 is used for controlling punch fixed plate 44 to move along the vertical direction, and punch fixed plate 44 below passes spring 45 and material The fixed plate 47 is connected, and the punch fixed plate 44 is provided with a cutter 46 towards the side of the lower mold base 50, and the setting position of the cutter 46 is consistent with the position of the fixing holes on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture. When in use, the test piece 52 is placed on the material receiving plate 49, and the die handle 43 is pressed, so that the punch fixing plate 44 and the material fixing plate 47 move toward the test piece 52, and the material fixing plate 47 fixes the test piece 52, At the same time, the cutter 46 realizes the standardized fixing hole cutting of the test piece 52 .
进一步地,本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器通过螺纹实现各部分的连接固定,安装方便,互换性高。Furthermore, the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the utility model realizes connection and fixation of various parts through threads, and is easy to install and has high interchangeability.
本实用新型提供的原位微观力学性能测试设备,其包括有原位观测仪器及如上所述的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器。原位观测仪器可以包括有Raman光谱仪、XRD、超景深显微镜或光学显微镜等。The in-situ micro-mechanical property testing equipment provided by the utility model includes an in-situ observation instrument and the above-mentioned biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument. In-situ observation instruments may include Raman spectrometer, XRD, super depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope, etc.
综上所述,本实用新型提供的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器使用时将待测试的试件52放入夹具上板组件和夹具下板组件之间固定,拉伸应力预加载,通过电机42驱动大直齿圆锥齿轮38带动底部四个小直齿圆锥齿轮转动,四个小直齿圆锥齿轮和相对应的双向丝杠螺母副连接实现准静态加载;同时位移传感器及力传感器分别对位移和载荷进行记录,通过对传感器数据的分析,得出被测试材料的原位微观力学性能;试件52的标准化由试件52标准化制作仪器实现,控制材料形状对试验造成的影响;整体结构紧凑,体积小可与Raman光谱仪、 XRD、超景深显微镜或光学显微镜相结合,实现对被测试材料的微观损伤的演变进行原位的监测,为研究材料的失效机理提供参考;本实用新型具有结构紧凑、同步性好、能耗小、测试范围广等优点,夹具固定装置可根据测试试件52的尺寸调整更换;夹具固定装置采用平铺结构布局,有助于和其他商业化的材料性能表征仪器设备相兼容;同时,可拆卸的加热台36又可以对不同温度要求下的试件52进行力学性能评定,突破了测试范围的局限性。In summary, when the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the utility model is used, the test piece 52 to be tested is placed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture to be fixed, the tensile stress is preloaded, and the 42 drives the large straight-toothed bevel gear 38 to drive the four small straight-toothed bevel gears at the bottom to rotate, and the four small straight-toothed bevel gears are connected with the corresponding two-way screw and nut pairs to realize quasi-static loading; and the load are recorded, and the in-situ micromechanical properties of the tested material are obtained through the analysis of the sensor data; the standardization of the test piece 52 is realized by the standardization of the test piece 52, and the influence of the shape of the material on the test is controlled; the overall structure is compact , small size can be combined with Raman spectrometer, XRD, super depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope to realize the in-situ monitoring of the evolution of the microscopic damage of the tested material, and provide a reference for the study of the failure mechanism of the material; the utility model has a compact structure , good synchronization, low energy consumption, wide test range, etc., the fixture fixture can be adjusted and replaced according to the size of the test specimen 52; the fixture fixture adopts a flat structure layout, which is helpful to be compared with other commercial material performance characterization instruments The equipment is compatible; at the same time, the detachable heating table 36 can evaluate the mechanical properties of the test piece 52 under different temperature requirements, breaking through the limitation of the test range.
本实用新型提供的原位微观力学性能测试设备,其包括有原位观测仪器及如上所述的双轴拉伸力学性能测试仪器。The in-situ micro-mechanical property testing equipment provided by the utility model includes an in-situ observation instrument and the above-mentioned biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument.
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本实用新型的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本实用新型进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本实用新型各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit it; although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand : It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the various embodiments of the present invention Scope of technical solutions.
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN108267372A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-07-10 | 盐城工学院 | Biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance testing apparatus and micro mechanical property test equipment in situ |
CN109323931A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-12 | 清华大学 | High and low temperature multiaxial in situ tensile testing machine |
CN109932247A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | 四川大学华西医院 | Device and method for detecting biomechanical properties of aortic dissection lesions |
CN111751217A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A horizontal concrete uniaxial tensile test device and using method thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-03-29 CN CN201820443959.6U patent/CN208109602U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108267372A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-07-10 | 盐城工学院 | Biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance testing apparatus and micro mechanical property test equipment in situ |
CN109323931A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-02-12 | 清华大学 | High and low temperature multiaxial in situ tensile testing machine |
CN109932247A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | 四川大学华西医院 | Device and method for detecting biomechanical properties of aortic dissection lesions |
CN109932247B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2023-09-19 | 四川大学华西医院 | A device and method for detecting biomechanical properties of blood vessels in aortic dissection disease |
CN111751217A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A horizontal concrete uniaxial tensile test device and using method thereof |
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