CN108267372A - Biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance testing apparatus and micro mechanical property test equipment in situ - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument and in-situ microscopic mechanical property testing equipment. The biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument is mainly for performing tensile tests on film materials. When in use, the test piece to be tested is placed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture and fixed, and the test piece is tested using a tensile device. Biaxial or uniaxial stretching, then use the force detection device to detect the force on the test piece in the stretching direction, and detect the dimensional change of the test piece in the stretching direction through the displacement detection device; at the same time, due to the The tensile mechanical property testing instrument is small in size and compact in structure, and can be directly combined with Raman spectrometer, XRD, super depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope to realize in-situ characterization of the microscopic damage evolution of the tested specimen. The damage evolution law and failure mechanism provide reference.

Description

Biaxial tensile mechanical properties testing equipment and in-situ micro mechanical properties testing equipment

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing instruments, in particular to a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument and in-situ microscopic mechanical property testing equipment.

Background technique

Textile materials and film materials are a class of materials that are widely used in daily life. On the plane of textile materials, the warp and latitude lines are perpendicular to each other. Due to the different properties of the warp and weft threads, the fabric should be considered orthotropic. Membrane materials have no bending stiffness and can only resist tensile forces. However, in the actual use process, it is not damaged by a single form, but the joint action of complex stresses. This requires that textile or film materials must have the ability to withstand mechanical loads without exceeding the allowable deformation or damage. This ability is the mechanical properties of the material, and it is necessary to understand the mechanical properties of the material and various factors that affect the mechanical properties of the material. , it is necessary to combine the failure mode of the material and design experiments to understand the mechanical properties of the material in all aspects.

Among them, tensile test is one of the most widely used mechanical property test methods. The traditional tensile test is generally carried out on a universal material testing machine. During the test, adjust the moving beam to an appropriate position, clamp the sample when the standard sample is vertical and in the middle position, and then load it on the standard sample. Tensile, because tensile fatigue loading is more in line with the actual working conditions of structural parts and functional parts in actual production, it is often used in tensile tests.

In-situ mechanical performance testing refers to the mechanical performance testing of specimen materials at the micro-nano scale, and a dynamic monitoring of the microscopic deformation and damage of materials under load through observation instruments such as electron microscopes. This technology deeply reveals the micro-mechanical behavior of various materials and their products, the damage mechanism and its correlation with load action and material properties. However, this kind of tensile testing device is bulky and belongs to the field of "ex situ" tensile testing, that is, in the dynamic process of testing, it cannot be detected by scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, laser confocal microscope, super depth-of-field microscope, etc. The micro-imaging component carries out in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring of the tested piece under tensile loading conditions.

Contents of the invention

In order to improve the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument and in-situ microscopic mechanical property testing equipment to solve the existing tensile testing device volume in the prior art Large, it belongs to the field of "ex-situ" tensile testing, that is, during the dynamic process of testing, it is not possible to use scanning electron microscopes, Raman spectrometers, laser confocal Under the condition of tensile loading, the technical problem of carrying out in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument is provided, and the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument includes a base and a clamp fixing device arranged on the base, a tensile device, and a force detection device and a displacement detection device; the fixture fixing device is used to fix the test piece to be tested, and the fixture fixing device includes a fixture upper plate assembly and a fixture lower plate assembly, and the test piece is placed on the fixture upper plate mechanism and the fixture lower plate assembly Between the plate mechanisms, the fixture lower plate assembly includes a first fixture lower plate assembly and a second fixture lower plate assembly that are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the first fixture lower plate assembly includes a fixture lower plate a and a fixture lower plate that are arranged parallel to each other. plate b, the second fixture lower plate assembly includes a fixture lower plate c and a fixture lower plate d arranged in parallel to each other, and the fixture upper plate assembly includes a fixture upper plate a, a fixture upper plate b, a fixture upper plate c, and a fixture upper plate Plate d, the upper plate a of the fixture is located above the lower plate a of the fixture, the upper plate b of the fixture is located above the lower plate b of the fixture, the upper plate c of the fixture is located above the lower plate c of the fixture, and the upper plate d of the fixture is located above the lower plate of the fixture Above the lower plate d, the test piece is clamped; the number of the tensile devices is four, and the tensile devices are respectively connected with the lower plate of the fixture a, the lower plate of the fixture b, the lower plate of the fixture c, and the lower plate of the fixture d. connection, used to apply tension and pressure to the test piece in two directions perpendicular to each other; the number of the displacement detection devices is four, and the displacement detection devices are respectively connected with the lower plate of the fixture a, the lower plate of the fixture b, and the lower plate of the fixture c. The lower plate d of the fixture is connected to measure the displacement of the test piece in four directions; the number of the force detection devices is at least two, and the two force detection devices are respectively connected to the mutually perpendicular The two lower plates of the fixture are connected to measure the force on the test piece in two directions perpendicular to each other.

Preferably, a plurality of fixing holes are provided on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture, and the fixing device of the fixture further includes cylindrical pins and screws, and the test piece is installed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture, The cylindrical pin passes through the fixing hole of the upper plate of the fixture, the fixing hole of the test piece and the fixing hole of the lower plate of the fixture in order to play a positioning role, and the screw will pass through the fixing hole of the upper plate of the fixture, the fixing hole of the test piece and the lower plate of the fixture in turn to tighten to fix the test piece.

Preferably, the clamp fixing device further includes a clamp support plate and a clamp fixing pin, the number of the clamp support plates is at least two, and the two clamp support plates are arranged below two mutually perpendicular clamp lower plates , the fixture support plate is provided with a plurality of fixing holes, the fixture fixing pin fixes the fixture support plate and the fixture lower plate through the fixing holes on the fixture lower plate and the fixture support plate, and the fixture support plate is fixedly arranged on the base.

Preferably, the stretching device includes a drive unit, a large straight bevel gear, and a small straight bevel gear a, a small straight bevel gear b, and a small straight bevel gear that mesh with the large straight bevel gear. c and the small straight bevel gear d, the small straight bevel gear a and the small straight bevel gear c are arranged parallel to each other, the small straight bevel gear b and the small straight bevel gear d are arranged parallel to each other, and the Small straight bevel gear a is perpendicular to small straight bevel gear b and small straight bevel gear d respectively; the small straight bevel gear a, small straight bevel gear b, small straight bevel gear c, small straight bevel gear The bevel gear d is correspondingly connected with the lead screw a, lead screw b, lead screw c, and lead screw d respectively, and the lead screw a, lead screw b, lead screw c, and lead screw d are respectively correspondingly connected with the clamp lower plate a , the lower fixture plate b, the lower fixture plate c, and the lower fixture plate d are connected to each other, and are used to drive the lower fixture plate a, the lower fixture plate b, the lower fixture plate c, and the lower fixture plate d to move axially in the direction in which they are located, thereby Realize the application of force on the four axial directions of the specimen.

Preferably, the displacement detection device includes a fixed plate, a displacement sensor, a displacement sensor support and a support plate, the fixed plate and the support plate are fixed on the base, and one end of the screw rod is fixed on the fixed plate , the other end of the lead screw is connected to the lower plate of the fixture through the support plate, and the support plate is slidably connected to the lead screw; one end of the displacement sensor support is fixed on the fixed plate, and the other end is fixed on the On the support plate, the displacement sensor is fixed on the displacement sensor support, and the displacement sensor is connected to the corresponding lower plate of the fixture, and is used to sense the axis of the lower plate of the fixture along the direction of the screw rod. displacement.

Preferably, the force detection device includes a force sensor, the force sensor is located between the support plate and the clamp support plate, and is used for and fixedly installed with the support plate, and the force sensor and the clamp support The plates are connected to detect the load of the force on the specimen.

Preferably, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument also includes a heating mechanism, the heating mechanism is located below the clamp mechanism, and is used to heat the test piece; the heating mechanism includes a heating table and a heating A stage support plate, the heating stage is detachably fixed on the heating stage support plate, and the heating stage support plate is fixed on the base.

Preferably, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument also includes a test piece standardization production instrument for making standardized test pieces.

Preferably, the test piece standardized manufacturing instrument includes an upper mold base and a lower mold base arranged in the vertical direction, and the upper mold base and the lower mold base are fixed and positioned by cylindrical pins; the lower mold base is provided with a bearing The material plate is used to place the test pieces to be processed; the upper mold base is provided with a mold handle, a punch fixing plate and a material fixing plate, the punch fixing plate is connected with the upper mold base, and the mold handle is connected with the punch The mold fixing plate is connected and passes through the fixing hole on the upper mold base. The mold handle is used to control the movement of the punch fixing plate in the vertical direction. Connected, the punch fixing plate is provided with a cutter on one side facing the lower mold base, and the setting position of the cutter is consistent with the position setting of the fixing holes on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture.

An in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing device is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing device includes an in-situ observation instrument and the above-mentioned biaxial tensile mechanical property testing device.

When the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the present invention is used, the test piece to be tested is placed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture to fix it, and the test piece is stretched by a stretching device, and then the force is used to The detection device detects the force suffered by the test piece in the stretching direction, and utilizes the displacement detection device to detect the dimensional change of the test piece in the stretching direction; meanwhile, due to the small volume of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention, It has a compact structure and can be directly combined with Raman spectrometer, XRD, ultra-depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope to realize in-situ monitoring of the microscopic damage evolution of the tested specimen, and provide a reference for studying the failure mechanism of materials. Compared with the problems of existing equipment such as large volume, complex structure, high cost and poor compatibility, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention can test the material microscopic mechanical properties of material specimens through different load loading methods , and then provide reliable in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing of materials.

The in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing equipment provided by the present invention includes an in-situ observation instrument and the above-mentioned biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing equipment.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the specific implementation or description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings show some implementations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the side view of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic structural view of the clamp fixing device of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the driving unit, the large straight bevel gear and the small straight bevel gear of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention;

Figure 6 is a side view exploded view of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the front view of the specimen of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the side view of the test piece standardization production instrument of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a test piece standardization production instrument of the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention.

Icons: 1-base; 2-fixture pin; 3-fixture lower plate a; 4-force sensor a; 5-fixed plate a; 6-force sensor support plate a; 7-lead screw a; 9-fixture support plate a; 10-fixture upper plate a; 11-base support column; 12-displacement sensor support plate a; 13-displacement sensor support a; 14-displacement sensor a; 15-screw b; 16- Fixed plate b; 17 - guide rail b; 18 - fixture lower plate b; 19 - fixture upper plate b; 20 - fixture lower plate c; 21 - displacement sensor support plate b; 22 - guide rail c; 23 - lead screw c; 24 - displacement sensor b; 25 - fixed plate c; 26 - displacement sensor support b; 27 - fixture upper plate c; 28 - fixture support plate b; 29 - force sensor b; 30 - fixed plate d; 31 - lead screw d ; 32 - force sensor support plate b; 33 - guide rail d; 34 - fixture lower plate d; 35 - fixture upper plate d; 36 - heating platform; 37 - small straight bevel gear a; 38 - large straight bevel gear ; 39-small straight bevel gear b; 40-small straight bevel gear c; 41-small straight bevel gear d; 42-motor; 43-die handle; 44-punch fixed plate; 45-spring; 46- Tool; 47-material fixing plate; 48-upper mold base; 49-loading plate; 50-lower mold base; 51-straight pin; 52-test piece; 53-heating table support plate; Sensor c; 56—displacement sensor d; 57—displacement sensor support c; 58—displacement sensor support d.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer ", etc., the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation , constructed and operated in a particular orientation and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "communication" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated Ground connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

The invention provides a biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument and in-situ microscopic mechanical property testing equipment, and provides its implementation.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the present invention includes a base 1 and a clamp fixing device, a stretching device, a force detection device and a displacement detection device arranged on the base 1 The fixture fixing device is used to fix the test piece 52 to be tested. The fixture fixing device includes a fixture upper plate assembly and a fixture lower plate assembly. The test piece 52 is placed between the fixture upper plate mechanism and the fixture lower plate mechanism, and the fixture lower plate assembly It includes a first jig lower plate assembly and a second jig lower plate assembly that are arranged perpendicular to each other. The first jig lower plate assembly includes a jig lower plate a3 and a jig lower plate b18 that are arranged parallel to each other. The second jig lower plate assembly includes The fixture lower plate c20 and the fixture lower plate d34 are arranged parallel to each other. The fixture upper plate assembly includes the fixture upper plate a10, the fixture upper plate b19, the fixture upper plate c27, and the fixture upper plate d35. The fixture upper plate a10 is located above the fixture lower plate a3 , the fixture upper plate b19 is located above the fixture lower plate b18, the fixture upper plate c27 is located above the fixture lower plate c20, the fixture upper plate d35 is located above the fixture lower plate d34, and the specimen 52 is clamped; the number of tensile devices is four , the tensile device is respectively connected with the fixture lower plate a3, the fixture lower plate b18, the fixture lower plate c20, and the fixture lower plate d34, and is used to apply tension and pressure to the test piece 52 in two directions perpendicular to each other; the displacement detection device The number is four, and the displacement detection devices are respectively connected with the fixture lower plate a3, the fixture lower plate b18, the fixture lower plate c20, and the fixture lower plate d34, and are used to measure the displacement of the test piece 52 in four directions; the force There are at least two detection devices, and the two force detection devices are respectively connected to the two lower plates of the fixture perpendicular to each other, and are used to measure the force on the test piece 52 in two mutually perpendicular directions.

When the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the present invention is used, the test piece 52 to be tested is placed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture to be fixed, and the test piece 52 is stretched by using a stretching device, and then used The force detection device detects the force suffered by the test piece 52 in the stretching direction, and utilizes the displacement detection device to detect the dimensional change produced by the test piece 52 in the stretching direction; meanwhile, due to the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention Small in size and compact in structure, it can be directly combined with Raman spectrometer, XRD, ultra-depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope to realize in-situ monitoring of the microscopic damage evolution of the tested specimen 52, providing a reference for studying the failure mechanism of materials . Compared with the problems of existing equipment such as large volume, complex structure, high cost and poor compatibility, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention can test the material micromechanical properties of the material specimen 52 through different load loading methods. Testing, and then provide reliable in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing of materials.

As shown in Figure 4, multiple fixing holes are provided on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture, and the fixing device of the fixture also includes cylindrical pins 51 and screws 54, and the test piece 52 is installed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture During this period, the cylindrical pin 51 passes through the fixing hole of the upper plate of the fixture, the test piece 52 and the fixing hole of the lower plate of the fixture in order to play a positioning role, and the screw 54 will pass through the fixing hole of the upper plate of the fixture, the test piece 52 and the lower plate of the fixture in turn. Tighten the fixing hole to realize the fixing of the test piece 52. The overall sample size of the test piece 52 is 60×60mm, the upper fixture plate a10 and the lower fixture plate a3, the upper fixture plate b19 and the upper fixture plate b19, the upper fixture plate c27 and the lower fixture plate c20, the upper fixture plate d35 and the lower fixture plate Between d34 are positioned by cylindrical pin 51 and fixed by screw 54. The test piece 52 is installed between the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture. The fixing holes of the plate are positioned, and the locking of the test piece 52 is realized by tightening the screw 54, thereby constituting the clamping structure of the test piece 52. The flat structure layout is helpful to be compatible with other commercialized material performance characterization instruments and equipment; at the same time, the self-designed fixture fixture is adopted, and the size of the fixture can be changed according to the size of the test specimen 52, making the fixture more reasonable. The experimental results are more accurate.

The jig fixing device also includes a jig support plate and a jig fixing pin 2. The number of jig support plates is at least two, and the two jig support plates are arranged below two mutually perpendicular jig lower plates. A fixing hole, the fixture fixing pin 2 fixes the fixture support plate and the fixture lower plate through the fixing holes on the fixture lower plate and the fixture support plate, and the fixture support plate is fixedly arranged on the base 1. Preferably, the jig upper plate assembly, the jig lower plate assembly and the jig support plate in the jig fixing device are mounted on the base 1 through screw connections, so the disassembly is convenient and the interchangeability is good. A base support column 11 is provided below the base 1 for supporting the base 1 .

As shown in Figure 5, the stretching device includes a drive unit, a large straight bevel gear 38, and a small straight bevel gear a37, a small straight bevel gear b39, a small straight bevel gear 38, and a small straight bevel gear. The gear c40 and the small straight bevel gear d41, the small straight bevel gear a37 and the small straight bevel gear c40 are arranged parallel to each other, the small straight bevel gear b39 and the small straight bevel gear d41 are arranged parallel to each other, and the small straight bevel gear a37 is perpendicular to the small straight bevel gear b39 and small straight bevel gear d41 respectively; The rod a7, lead screw b15, lead screw c23, and lead screw d31 are respectively connected, and the lead screw a7, lead screw b15, lead screw c23, and lead screw d31 are respectively correspondingly connected with the fixture lower plate a3, the fixture lower plate b18, and the fixture lower plate c20 and the fixture lower plate d34 are connected to drive the fixture lower plate a3, the fixture lower plate b18, the fixture lower plate c20, and the fixture lower plate d34 to move axially in the direction where they are located, so as to realize the four axial directions of the test piece 52 of force.

Further, there are four guide rails corresponding to the same axial direction of the lead screw a7, lead screw b15, lead screw c23, and lead screw d31: guide rail a8, guide rail b17, guide rail c22, guide rail d33, to ensure the direction of movement of the lead screw.

The displacement detection device includes a fixed plate, a displacement sensor, a displacement sensor support and a support plate, the fixed plate and the support plate are fixed on the base 1, one end of the screw rod is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate, and the other end of the lead screw passes through the support plate and The lower plates of the fixture are connected to each other, and the support plate is slidably connected with the lead screw; one end of the displacement sensor support is fixed on the fixed plate, and the other end is fixed on the support plate, and the displacement sensor is fixed on the displacement sensor support, and the displacement sensor is connected to the corresponding The lower plate of the fixture is connected to sense the displacement of the lower plate of the fixture on the axis along the direction where the screw rod is located. The number of displacement detection devices is four, displacement sensor support a13, displacement sensor support b26, displacement sensor support c57 and displacement sensor support d58 are respectively connected with displacement sensor a14, displacement sensor b24, displacement sensor c55 and displacement sensor d56 , The displacement sensor support a13, the displacement sensor support b26, the displacement sensor support c57 and the displacement sensor support d58 are fixed on the base 1, and the displacement of the test specimen 52 subjected to the biaxial tensile stress is recorded.

The force detection device includes a force sensor, the force sensor is located between the support plate and the fixture support plate, and is used for and fixedly installed with the support plate, and the force sensor is connected with the fixture support plate, and is used to detect the force of the test piece 52. payload size. The force sensor includes a force sensor a4 and a force sensor b29, the force sensor a4 is installed on the force sensor support plate a6, the force sensor b29 is installed on the force sensor support plate b32, the sensor support plate a6 and the force sensor support plate b32 are fixed on the base 1 , the fixture support plate includes a fixture support plate a9 and a fixture support plate b28, the force sensor a4 is connected to the fixture support plate a9, the force sensor b29 is connected to the fixture support plate b28, and the force sensor a4 is used to measure the squeeze of the fixture support plate a9 The magnitude of the pressure and the magnitude of the pressing force of the force sensor b29 on the clamp support plate b28 complete the record of the magnitude of the load on the tested material specimen 52 .

The support plate includes a force sensor support plate a6, a force sensor support plate b32, a displacement sensor support plate a12, and a displacement sensor support plate b21. Lead screw a7, lead screw b15, lead screw c23, lead screw d31 are respectively connected with force sensor support plate a6, force sensor support plate b32, displacement sensor support plate a12, displacement sensor support plate b21, and at the same time are connected by fixed plate a5, The fixed plate b16, the fixed plate c25, and the fixed plate d30 are fixed to realize the feed movement.

The drive unit can be a motor 42, and the large straight bevel gear 38 is driven by the motor 42 to drive the four small straight bevel gears at the bottom to rotate, and the four small straight bevel gears are connected with the corresponding two-way lead screw and nut pairs to realize quasi-static loading. At the same time, the displacement sensor and the force sensor respectively record the displacement and the load, and through the analysis of the sensor data, the in-situ micro-mechanical properties of the tested material specimen 52 are obtained. A simple and feasible motor 42 is used to drive a large straight-toothed bevel gear 38 to drive four small straight-toothed bevel gears to rotate. There is no energy loss in redundant transmission links, which makes the overall layout more reasonable, stable transmission, transmission efficiency and accurate stress measurement data. Sex is improved. The biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the invention has the advantages of compact structure, good synchronization, low energy consumption, wide testing range and the like.

As shown in Figure 6, the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument also includes a heating mechanism, which is located below the fixture mechanism and is used to heat the test piece 52; the heating mechanism includes a heating table 36 and a heating table support plate 53, The heating platform 36 is detachably fixed on the heating platform supporting plate 53 , and the heating platform supporting plate 53 is fixed on the base 1 . The detachable heating table 36 can test the test pieces 52 of materials with different temperature requirements, which increases the application range of the test instrument.

As shown in FIGS. 7-9 , the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing apparatus also includes a standardized production instrument for a test piece 52 for making a standardized test piece 52 . The standardization of the test piece 52 is realized by the test piece 52 standardized manufacturing instrument, which controls the influence of the shape of the material on the test.

Specifically, the test piece 52 standardized manufacturing instrument includes an upper mold base 48 and a lower mold base 50 arranged in the vertical direction, and the upper mold base 48 and the lower mold base 50 are fixed and positioned by cylindrical pins 51; the lower mold base 50 is provided with Material bearing plate 49 is used to place the test piece 52 to be processed; die handle 43, punch fixing plate 44 and material fixing plate 47 are arranged on the upper die base 48, and the punch fixing plate 44 links to each other with upper die base 48, and Handle 43 links to each other with punch fixed plate 44, and passes through the fixed hole on the upper mold base 48, and mold handle 43 is used for controlling punch fixed plate 44 to move along the vertical direction, and punch fixed plate 44 below passes spring 45 and material The fixed plate 47 is connected, and the punch fixed plate 44 is provided with a cutter 46 towards the side of the lower mold base 50, and the setting position of the cutter 46 is consistent with the position of the fixing holes on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture. When in use, the test piece 52 is placed on the material receiving plate 49, and the die handle 43 is pressed, so that the punch fixing plate 44 and the material fixing plate 47 move toward the test piece 52, and the material fixing plate 47 fixes the test piece 52, At the same time, the cutter 46 realizes the standardized fixing hole cutting of the test piece 52 .

Furthermore, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument provided by the present invention realizes connection and fixation of various parts through threads, and is easy to install and has high interchangeability.

The in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing equipment provided by the present invention includes an in-situ observation instrument and the above-mentioned biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing equipment. In-situ observation instruments may include Raman spectrometer, XRD, super depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope, etc.

In summary, when using the biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument provided by the present invention, the test piece 52 to be tested is placed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture to fix, the tensile stress is preloaded, and the motor 42 Drive the large straight bevel gear 38 to drive the bottom four small straight bevel gears to rotate, and the four small straight bevel gears are connected with the corresponding two-way lead screw and nut pair to realize quasi-static loading; at the same time, the displacement sensor and the force sensor respectively control the displacement and The load is recorded, and the in-situ micromechanical properties of the tested material are obtained through the analysis of the sensor data; the standardization of the test piece 52 is realized by the standardization of the test piece 52, and the influence of the shape of the material on the test is controlled; the overall structure is compact, The small size can be combined with Raman spectrometer, XRD, super depth-of-field microscope or optical microscope to realize in-situ monitoring of the evolution of the microscopic damage of the tested material, and provide a reference for studying the failure mechanism of the material; the invention has a compact structure, synchronous Good performance, low energy consumption, wide test range, etc., the fixture fixture can be adjusted and replaced according to the size of the test piece 52; the fixture fixture adopts a tiled structure layout, which is helpful for comparison with other commercial material performance characterization instruments and equipment Compatible; at the same time, the detachable heating table 36 can evaluate the mechanical properties of the test piece 52 under different temperature requirements, breaking through the limitation of the test range.

The in-situ micro-mechanical performance testing equipment provided by the present invention includes an in-situ observation instrument and the above-mentioned biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing equipment.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. A biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument, characterized in that, said biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument includes a base and a clamp fixing device, a stretching device, a force detection device and a displacement device arranged on the base detection device; The fixture fixing device is used to fix the test piece to be tested. The fixture fixing device includes a fixture upper plate assembly and a fixture lower plate assembly. The test piece is placed between the fixture upper plate mechanism and the fixture lower plate mechanism. The clamp lower plate assembly includes a first clamp lower plate assembly and a second clamp lower plate assembly perpendicular to each other, the first clamp lower plate assembly includes a clamp lower plate a and a clamp lower plate b arranged parallel to each other, and the second clamp lower plate assembly The lower plate assembly includes a jig lower plate c and a jig lower plate d arranged parallel to each other. The jig upper plate assembly includes a jig upper plate a, a jig upper plate b, a jig upper plate c, and a jig upper plate d. The upper plate a is located above the lower plate a of the fixture, the upper plate b of the fixture is located above the lower plate b of the fixture, the upper plate c of the fixture is located above the lower plate c of the fixture, and the upper plate d of the fixture is located above the lower plate d of the fixture. The test piece is clamped; The number of the stretching devices is four, and the stretching devices are respectively connected with the lower plate of the fixture a, the lower plate of the fixture b, the lower plate of the fixture c, and the lower plate of the fixture d. Tensile and compressive forces are applied in two directions; The number of the displacement detection devices is four, and the displacement detection devices are respectively connected with the lower plate of the fixture a, the lower plate of the fixture b, the lower plate of the fixture c, and the lower plate of the fixture d, and are used to check the movement of the test piece in four directions. Measure the displacement; The number of the force detection devices is at least two, and the two force detection devices are respectively connected to the two lower plates of the fixture perpendicular to each other, and are used to test the test pieces in two mutually perpendicular directions. Measuring the applied force. 2. The biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument according to claim 1, wherein the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture are all provided with a plurality of fixing holes, and the fixing device of the fixture also includes cylindrical pins and screws, the test piece is installed between the upper plate assembly of the fixture and the lower plate assembly of the fixture. Screw through the fixing holes of the upper plate of the fixture, the fixing holes of the test piece and the lower plate of the fixture to realize the fixing of the test piece. 3. The biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument according to claim 2, wherein the fixture fixing device also includes a fixture support plate and a fixture fixing pin, and the number of the fixture support plates is at least two, The two fixture support plates are arranged below the two mutually perpendicular fixture lower plates, and the fixture support plates are provided with a plurality of fixing holes, and the fixture fixing pins pass through the fixing holes on the fixture lower plate and the fixture support plate The fixture support plate and the fixture lower plate are fixed, and the fixture support plate is fixedly arranged on the base. 4. The biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that, the tensile device includes a drive unit, a large straight bevel gear and a gear that is intermeshed with the large straight bevel gear The small straight bevel gear a, the small straight bevel gear b, the small straight bevel gear c and the small straight bevel gear d, the small straight bevel gear a and the small straight bevel gear c are arranged parallel to each other, and the small The straight-toothed bevel gear b and the small straight-toothed bevel gear d are arranged parallel to each other, and the small straight-toothed bevel gear a is perpendicular to the small straight bevel gear b and the small straight bevel gear d respectively; The small straight bevel gear a, the small straight bevel gear b, the small straight bevel gear c, and the small straight bevel gear d are respectively connected to the lead screw a, the lead screw b, the lead screw c, and the lead screw d, The lead screw a, lead screw b, lead screw c, and lead screw d are respectively connected with the fixture lower plate a, the fixture lower plate b, the fixture lower plate c, and the fixture lower plate d respectively, for driving the fixture The lower plate a, the lower plate of the fixture b, the lower plate c of the fixture, and the lower plate d of the fixture move axially in the direction in which they are located, so as to apply force on the test piece in four axial directions. 5. The biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument according to claim 4, wherein the displacement detection device includes a fixed plate, a displacement sensor, a displacement sensor support and a support plate, and the fixed plate and the support plate fixed on the base, one end of the screw is fixed on the fixed plate, the other end of the screw is connected to the lower plate of the fixture through the support plate, and the support plate is slidably connected to the lead screw; One end of the displacement sensor support is fixed on the fixed plate, the other end is fixed on the support plate, the displacement sensor is fixed on the displacement sensor support, and the displacement sensor is connected with the corresponding clamp The plates are connected to sense the displacement of the lower plate of the fixture along the axis of the direction where the screw rod is located. 6. The biaxial tensile mechanical performance testing instrument according to claim 5, wherein the force detection device includes a force sensor, and the force sensor is located between the support plate and the clamp support plate for And it is fixedly installed with the support plate, and the force sensor is connected with the support plate of the jig, and is used to detect the force and load of the test piece. 7. The biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, the biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument also includes a heating mechanism, and the heating mechanism is located below the clamp mechanism, with for heating the test piece; The heating mechanism includes a heating platform and a heating platform support plate, the heating platform is detachably fixed on the heating platform support plate, and the heating platform support plate is fixed on the base. 8. The biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that, said biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument also includes a test piece standardization production instrument for making standardized test pieces. 9. biaxial tensile mechanical property testing instrument according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described test piece standardization manufacture instrument comprises the upper mold base and the lower mold base that are arranged along vertical direction, and described upper mold base and the lower mold base are fixed and positioned by cylindrical pins; The lower mold base is provided with a material bearing plate for placing the test pieces to be processed; A mold handle, a punch fixing plate and a material fixing plate are arranged on the upper mold base, the punch fixing plate is connected with the upper mold base, the mold handle is connected with the punch fixing plate, and passes through the upper mold The fixing hole on the seat, the mold handle is used to control the movement of the punch fixing plate in the vertical direction, the lower part of the punch fixing plate is connected with the material fixing plate through a spring, and the punch fixing plate faces the lower One side of the mold base is provided with a cutter, and the setting position of the cutter is consistent with the position setting of the fixing holes on the upper plate of the fixture and the lower plate of the fixture. 10. An in-situ micro-mechanical property testing equipment, characterized in that the in-situ micro-mechanical property testing equipment includes an in-situ observation instrument and the biaxial tensile mechanical property as described in any one of claims 1-9 test instrument.