CN202297780U - Inside-beam coaxial powder feeding device for laser cladding - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an inside-beam coaxial powder feeding device for laser cladding, which comprises a shield gas pipe, a powder feeding pipe, a gas outlet pipeline, a powder nozzle base, a pressure releasing cavity, an adjusting cabin and an annular pressure block. The adjusting cabin is provided with an adjusting threaded hole, the annular pressure block is provided with a fixed threaded hole, the powder nozzle base is positioned between a hollow cavity between the annular pressure block and the adjusting cabin, the powder nozzle base can be in two-dimensional horizontal movement in the hollow cavity through an adjusting screw, and the annular pressure block is fixedly connected with the lower end of the adjusting cabin and tightly presses the nozzle base. The inside-beam coaxial powder feeding device for laser cladding solves the problem a powder beam and a laser beam are not focused due to manufacturing error, and the powder beam can be accurately fed into a melting tank by adjusting the position of the nozzle. In addition, by means of the pressure releasing cavity structure, powder beams outputted by the nozzle can be finer, the distances of outputted straight segments of the powder beams can be longer, and forming quality of a melting way can be improved while powder utilization rate can be increased.

Description

A laser cladding optical inner coaxial powder feeding device

technical field

The utility model relates to the application field of laser processing, in particular to a laser cladding optical inner coaxial powder feeding device.

Background technique

Laser cladding is to add cladding materials on the surface of the substrate, and use high-energy density laser beams to irradiate and heat, so that the cladding materials and the thin layer on the surface of the substrate are melted and solidified rapidly, thereby forming a metallurgical bond on the surface of the substrate. The cladding layer can enhance the wear resistance, impact resistance and corrosion resistance of the substrate surface. There is a key technology in the laser cladding manufacturing process, that is, the synchronous feeding technology, which refers to accurately, uniformly and stably feeding the metal material into the laser spot on the forming surface for dynamic scanning movement according to the predetermined trajectory, so that the molten material and high-energy laser beam to achieve precise coupling. The material is melted under the irradiation of the laser spot to form a small molten pool, and the continuously moving small molten pool continuously melts the matrix and the powder material transported in, thus forming a continuous melting channel.

At present, the laser cladding forming in the prior art mostly adopts the external powder feeding method of multi-powder tube or the coaxial powder feeding method outside the light, but there are some shortcomings in the external powder feeding method, such as generally large powder spots, the laser beam and the powder Poor coupling, the amount of powder entering the molten pool during cladding is unstable, and the powder sprayed next to the molten pool is not melted or not penetrated after the molten pool solidifies, making the surface of the formed part rough, resulting in physical and geometric problems on the surface of the formed part. Defects; In addition, when laser cladding is carried out by means of optical powder delivery, the powder splashes everywhere, causing great environmental pollution and extremely low powder utilization.

For related prior art, please refer to the Chinese Mainland Invention Patent No. CN101148760B announced on July 21, 2010. This patent discloses a laser processing and forming manufacturing process of optical internal powder feeding and an optical internal powder feeding nozzle. The structural principle is a The cylinder is equipped with a conical reflector and a circular focusing reflector. The circular laser beam injected into the cylinder is first expanded by the conical mirror, and then focused by the circular mirror to obtain a circular conical focused beam. And there is a large hollow light-free area under the axicon. The powder tube and the protective gas tube enter from the side, and are conveyed vertically downward after the mediation mechanism, and are coupled with the peripheral laser beam on the surface of the substrate to form a molten Pool, to achieve coaxial powder feeding in the light. However, the powder in this structure is sent from the side into the hollow and dull area of the light tank by the powder feeder carried by the container, and then directly sent vertically downward into the molten pool. The powder flow has a certain pressure, and the powder divergence is serious; And the protective gas around the powder beam is blown out from a round hole on the outside of the powder nozzle, which is far away from the powder beam, and the collimation effect on the powder beam is not obvious; in addition, the powder feeding tube is fixed on the cone mirror bracket, and the position It cannot be adjusted. Due to the existence of manufacturing errors, this structure cannot guarantee the precise convergence of the powder beam and the laser beam.

Therefore, in view of the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide an improved laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device to overcome the above defects.

Utility model content

In view of this, the utility model provides a laser cladding optical coaxial powder feeding device, the laser cladding optical coaxial powder feeding device overcomes the problem that the powder beam and the laser beam do not converge due to manufacturing errors, so that the nozzle The output powder beam is thinner, and the distance of the straight line of the powder beam is longer. By adjusting the position of the nozzle, the powder beam can be accurately sent into the molten pool, and the quality of the molten channel and the utilization rate of the powder can be improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

A laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device, which includes a protective gas pipe, a powder inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, a powder nozzle base and several screws, and also includes an adjustment cabin and an annular briquetting block. The side of the adjustment cabin There are several adjusting threaded holes that cooperate with the screws, and the inner ring edge of the annular pressure block is provided with several fixed threaded holes that cooperate with the screws, and the powder nozzle base is located between the annular pressure block and the adjustment cabin In the cavity, the powder nozzle base can move horizontally and two-dimensionally in the cavity through the adjustment screw, and the annular pressure block is tightly connected with the lower end of the adjustment cabin by screws and compresses the powder nozzle base.

Preferably, in the above laser cladding optical coaxial powder feeding device, the laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device also includes a protective gas converging cavity, a pressure relief cavity, a pressure relief cavity sleeve and a gas diffusion cavity. The lower part of the powder nozzle base and the pressure relief chamber sleeve are fixed through threaded connection, and the pressure relief chamber and the gas diffusion chamber are formed between the powder nozzle base and the pressure relief chamber sleeve.

Preferably, in the laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device, the laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device further includes a primary powder nozzle, and the primary powder nozzle is in the middle of the lower part of the powder nozzle base. threaded connection.

Preferably, in the above laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device, the laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device further includes a fixing nut and two conical circular cones mounted on the primary powder nozzle through the fixing nut Ring baffle, there is a gap between the conical ring baffle and the pressure relief chamber.

Preferably, in the above laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device, the laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device further includes a secondary powder nozzle and a tightening nut, and the secondary powder nozzle is connected to the powder nozzle base The seat is tightened and fixed by the tightening nut.

Preferably, in the laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device, the lower part of the pressure relief chamber sleeve is connected to a protective gas sleeve through threads, and the protective gas convergence is formed between the pressure relief chamber sleeve and the protective gas sleeve. cavity, and an annular air channel is formed between the protective gas jacket and the secondary powder nozzle.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the coaxial laser cladding powder feeding device in the embodiment of the present invention overcomes the problem that the powder beam and the laser beam do not converge due to manufacturing errors. By adjusting the position of the nozzle, the powder In addition, the pressure relief chamber structure can make the powder beam output by the nozzle thinner, and the distance of the straight line section of the powder beam output is longer, which improves the forming quality of the melting channel and the utilization rate of the powder, and by adjusting the tightening nut , to achieve rapid and accurate replacement of the secondary nozzle.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings of the utility model are only some embodiments of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the laser cladding light inner coaxial powder feeding device of the utility model;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser cladding optical head with internal powder feeding.

1. Protective gas pipe 2. Powder inlet pipe 3. Exhaust pipe 4. Adjustment cabin 5. Annular briquetting block 6. Powder nozzle base 7. Primary powder nozzle 8. Gasket 9. Fixing nut 10. Conical ring stopper 11. Protective gas sleeve 12. Tighten nut 13. Secondary powder nozzle 14. Protective gas converging chamber 15. Pressure relief chamber 16. Pressure relief chamber sleeve 17. Gas diffusion chamber 18. Fixing threaded hole 19. Adjusting threaded hole 20. Laser incident beam 21, cone mirror 22, ring mirror 23, cone mirror bracket 24, converging laser beam

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

The utility model discloses a coaxial powder feeding device in the laser cladding light. The coaxial powder feeding device in the laser cladding light overcomes the problem that the powder beam and the laser beam do not converge due to manufacturing errors. The adjustment enables the powder beam to be accurately fed into the molten pool. In addition, the pressure relief cavity structure can make the powder beam output from the nozzle thinner, and the distance of the straight line section of the powder beam output is longer, which improves the forming quality of the melting channel and the utilization rate of the powder, and Fast and accurate replacement of the secondary nozzle is achieved by adjusting the tightening nut.

Please refer to Fig. 1, the coaxial powder feeding device in the laser cladding light includes an adjustment cabin 4, an annular compact 5, a powder nozzle base 6, a gasket 8, a pressure relief chamber 15, a pressure relief chamber sleeve 16, a gas Diffusion cavity 17 , three fixing threaded holes 18 arranged on the inner ring edge of annular pressing block 5 , four adjusting threaded holes 19 arranged around regulating cabin 4 . The upper part of the powder nozzle base 6 is provided with three holes, which are the protective air pipe 1 , the powder inlet pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 3 .

Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a laser cladding optical head with internal optical powder feeding includes a powder feeding device cylinder, and the top and bottom of the powder feeding device cylinder are respectively provided with a light inlet and a light outlet. A conical reflector 21 is installed in the center of the cylinder body of the powder feeding device, and the mirror surface of the conical reflector 21 faces the light entrance. The mirror surface of the ring focusing reflector 22 is opposite to the mirror surface of the conical reflector 21, so that the incident laser beam 20 is reflected and expanded by the conical reflector 21, and then reflected and focused by the ring focus reflector 22 to form a converging laser beam 24. The focus is at Below the conical mirror 21. The coaxial powder feeding device in the laser cladding light is installed in the hollow and light-free area below the conical mirror 21 . The protective gas pipe 1, the powder inlet pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 3 in the powder nozzle base 6 are arranged in sequence from left to right, and the three pipes of the protective gas pipe 1, the powder inlet pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 3 are respectively connected with the The three pipes at the lower part of the axicon bracket 23 are connected by rubber hoses, so that the powder and shielding gas outside the optical head for intra-optical powder feeding can enter the laser cladding intra-optical coaxial powder feeding device through the pipes on the axicon bracket 23 , it is also possible to make the gas separated from the powder beam in the laser cladding optical coaxial powder feeding device be discharged from the pipe on the axicon bracket 23 to the outside of the optical head.

Please refer to Fig. 1, the interior of the adjustment cabin 4 is a cavity and there are gaps on the four sides. It is fixed with the axicon holder 23 from the through hole on its edge. The annular pressing block 5 is tightly connected with the lower end of the adjustment cabin 4 by three screws. The annular compact 5 supports a powder nozzle base 6 , and the powder nozzle base 6 is located in a cavity between the annular compact 5 and the adjustment cabin 4 . The powder nozzle base 6 can slide in the cavity. The powder nozzle base 6 can move horizontally and two-dimensionally in the cavity through the cooperation of the adjustment screw and the four adjustment threaded holes 19, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the position of the powder beam, so that the powder beam and the laser beam are well aligned. gather. There are three fixed threaded through-holes 18 on the inner ring edge of the annular pressing block 5, and the powder nozzle base 6 can be pressed vertically by adjusting screws, so that the powder nozzle base 6 whose horizontal position has been adjusted accurately is fixed. , preventing its position from changing.

Please continue to refer to FIG. 1, the lower part of the powder nozzle base 6 is fixed to the pressure relief chamber sleeve 16 through threads, and the pressure relief chamber is formed between the powder nozzle base 6 and the pressure relief chamber sleeve 16 15 and the gas diffusion chamber 17. The lower middle of the powder nozzle base 6 is threadedly connected with a first-stage powder nozzle 7, and the powder enters the nozzle base from the outside of the light head through the pipeline on the axicon bracket rib, and flows to the first-level by the pipeline in the middle of the nozzle base. Powder nozzle7. A secondary powder nozzle 13 is clamped in the lower part of the pressure relief chamber cover 16 . The pressure relief chamber cover 16 and the secondary powder nozzle 13 are fixedly positioned by tightening the nut 12 .

Please continue to refer to FIG. 1, the powder in the first-stage powder nozzle 7 enters the pressure relief chamber 15 under the load of the gas, and the powder particles in the powder bundle are separated from the gas in the pressure relief chamber 15, and the powder The particles are deposited in the lower part of the pressure relief chamber 15, and flow out from the secondary powder nozzle 13 at the lower part of the pressure relief chamber cover 16, and the gas flows into the axicon bracket 23 from the exhaust pipe 3 on the right side of the powder nozzle base 6 The leaking duct of the axicon mirror bracket 23 is discharged to the outside of the optical head. Since the powder of the laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device is transported by the external powder feeder through gas, the powder beam has a certain air pressure, so that the powder beam will have a certain pressure after being sent out through the nozzle, and produce Diverge. After the powder particles and gas in the powder bundle are separated through the pressure relief chamber 15, they are sent out from the secondary powder nozzle 13 under the action of low pressure and its own gravity, and the powder dispersion is significantly reduced. Since the relative gas pressure in the powder beam is negative pressure, the effect of shaping and converging the protected gas is more obvious.

Please continue to refer to FIG. 1 , two conical ring baffles 10 are installed on the first-stage powder nozzle 7 through fixing nuts 9 . There is a gap between the tapered circular ring baffle 10 and the pressure relief chamber 15, so while ensuring that the gas separated in the pressure relief chamber 15 can flow out smoothly from the exhaust pipe 3, it can also effectively The tiny powder particles in the pressure relief chamber are discharged together with the gas, and the tiny particles splashed under the drive of the gas will fall into the bottom of the pressure relief chamber 15 again after being blocked by the conical ring baffle 10 and rebounding. The lower part of the pressure relief chamber cover 16 is threadedly connected to a protective gas sleeve 11, and a protective gas converging cavity 14 is formed between the pressure relief chamber cover 16 and the protective gas sleeve 11, and the protective gas sleeve 11 and the secondary powder An annular air channel is formed between the nozzles 13 .

Please continue to refer to Fig. 1, the protective gas outside the bald head enters the pipeline on the left side of the powder nozzle base 6 from the pipeline in the cone mirror bracket 23, and then enters the powder nozzle base 6 and the pressure relief chamber sleeve The gas diffusion chamber 17 between 16, after the shielding gas is fully diffused here, three 2mm pipes distributed along the circumference of the pressure relief chamber sleeve 16 enter the shielding gas converging chamber 14, and the shielding gas The converging cavity 14 is evenly converged and blown out evenly along the annular gap around the periphery of the secondary powder nozzle 13, compressing and converging the powder bundles sent out by the secondary powder nozzle 13, preventing the powder bundles from diverging, and also cooling the molten pool. Play the role of protecting and isolating the air. Since the shielding gas is blown close to the edge of the secondary powder nozzle 13 and is closer to the powder beam, the restraining effect on the powder beam is more obvious. The upper part of the secondary powder nozzle 13 and the lower part of the pressure relief chamber sleeve 16 are tightened by nuts, and automatically positioned and centered to connect, which can ensure that the lower part of the secondary powder nozzle 13 is in the center of the outlet of the protective gas sleeve 11, so that the protective gas along the A ring with a uniform wall thickness is blown out so that the confinement of the powder is uniform in all directions. In addition, during the laser cladding process, the secondary powder nozzle 13 needs to be replaced after long-term cladding and ablation because it is close to the molten pool. This structure can ensure the rapid replacement of the secondary powder nozzle 13 and also ensure its high position accuracy.

The working principle of the laser cladding optical inner coaxial powder feeding device is: when in use, turn the four adjustment screws around the adjustment cabin 4 to change the position of the powder nozzle base 6 in the horizontal direction, so that the secondary powder nozzle 13 sends out The powder and the laser beam can be precisely converged, and then, tighten the three fixing screws on the annular compact 5 to fix the position of the powder nozzle base 6. During cladding, the powder delivered by the external airborne powder feeder It flows into the primary powder nozzle 7 through the powder inlet pipe 2, and is sprayed into the pressure relief chamber 15 through the primary powder nozzle 7. The powder particles and the carrier gas are separated in the pressure relief chamber 15, and the gas is discharged from the upper part of the pressure relief chamber 15. The air hole 3 is arranged outside the bald head. The powder particles after pressure relief are sent out from the secondary powder nozzle 13 at the bottom of the pressure relief chamber 15 to the bottom of the nozzle under the action of gravity, and the protective gas enters the gas divergence chamber 17 through the protective gas pipe 1. After the shielding gas diffuses in the gas diverging chamber 17, it enters the shielding gas converging chamber 14 through three 2mm pipes in the circumferential direction of the pressure relief chamber 16, where the shielding gas converges and flows between the shielding gas jacket 11 and the secondary powder nozzle 13. The ring-shaped air passage is blown downward along the edge of the secondary powder nozzle 13, and it has the function of collimating and protecting the powder air passage sent out by the secondary powder nozzle 13.

The laser cladding laser coaxial powder feeding device of the utility model installs an adjustment cabin 4 at the lower part of the cone mirror bracket 23, and adjusts the horizontal position of the powder nozzle base 6 in the cabin through four screws around the adjustment cabin 4. , so as to overcome the problem that the powder beam and the laser beam do not converge due to manufacturing errors. At the same time, the three screws under the cabin can fix the adjusted powder nozzle base 6 to prevent its position from changing during the cladding process. .

The laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device of the utility model is provided with a pressure relief chamber 15 between the primary powder nozzle 7 and the secondary powder nozzle 13, and the powder particles and the carrier gas in the powder beam with pressure are depressurized Separation occurs in the cavity 15, the powder particles are sent out by the lower secondary powder nozzle 13, and the carrier gas is discharged from the upper hole, so that the restraining effect of the shielding gas on the powder beam sent by the secondary powder nozzle 13 can be improved, so that the powder beam converges The thinner the nozzle, the longer the distance of the straight line at the exit of the nozzle.

The laser cladding laser inner coaxial powder feeding device of the utility model tightens the secondary powder nozzle 13 and the pressure relief cavity cover 16 with nuts, which is quick to install, automatically positioned and centered, and easy to replace.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to realize or use the utility model. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (6)

1. A coaxial powder feeding device in the laser cladding light, which includes a protective gas pipe (1), a powder inlet pipe (2), an exhaust pipe (3), a powder nozzle base (6) and some screws, its characteristics In that: it also includes an adjustment cabin (4) and an annular pressure block (5), the side of the adjustment cabin (4) is provided with several adjustment threaded holes (19) that are matched with screws, and the ring pressure block (5) The edge of the inner ring is provided with a number of fixed threaded holes (18) that are matched with screws, and the powder nozzle base (6) is located in the cavity between the annular pressure block (5) and the adjustment cabin (4), The powder nozzle base (6) can move horizontally and two-dimensionally in the cavity through an adjusting screw, and the ring-shaped pressing block (5) is tightly connected with the lower end of the adjusting cabin (4) by screws and compresses the powder Nozzle base (6). 2. The laser cladding optical internal coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes a protective gas converging cavity (14), a pressure relief cavity (15), a pressure relief cavity cover (16) and a gas Diffusion chamber (17), the lower part of the powder nozzle base (6) and the pressure relief chamber cover (16) are fixed through threaded connection, and the powder nozzle base (6) and the pressure relief chamber cover (16) are formed The pressure relief chamber (15) and the gas diffusion chamber (17). 3. The laser cladding optical inner coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: it also includes a primary powder nozzle (7), the primary powder nozzle (7) and the powder nozzle base (6 ) The lower middle threaded connection. 4. The laser cladding optical inner coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 3, characterized in that: it also includes a fixing nut (9) and two screws mounted on the primary powder nozzle (7) through the fixing nut (9). A conical circular ring baffle (10), leaving a gap between the conical circular baffle (10) and the pressure relief cavity (15). 5. The laser cladding optical inner coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: it also includes a secondary powder nozzle (13) and a tightening nut (12), the secondary powder nozzle (13) Tighten and fix with the powder nozzle base (6) through the tightening nut (12). 6. The laser cladding optical inner coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the lower part of the pressure relief chamber sleeve (16) is connected with a protective gas sleeve (11) through threads, and the pressure relief chamber The protective gas converging cavity (14) is formed between the sleeve (16) and the protective gas jacket (11), and an annular air channel is formed between the protective gas jacket (11) and the secondary powder nozzle (13).

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