CN201144284Y - Side synchronous powder feeding device for medium and low power laser powder-saving cladding - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of surface treatment and connection processing of high-energy beam materials such as laser synchronous powder feeding cladding (coating, coating), alloying and laser welding, in particular to a lateral synchronous laser powder cladding with medium and low power The powder feeding device includes a self-weight constant pressure powder storage tank, vibrating powder feeding assembly, flow divider, protective gas flow equalization device and powder feeding nozzle. The self-weight constant pressure powder storage tank is equipped with an umbrella-shaped constant pressure piece. There is a small gap between the outer edge of the tablet and the inner wall of the powder storage tank. The vibrating powder feeding assembly includes an ultrasonic transducer and a vibrating powder feeding chamber. The vibrating powder feeding chamber is fixed at the front end of the ultrasonic transducer vibrator. The vibrating powder feeding chamber is set The vibrating plate for measuring powder has a microhole in the middle of the vibrating plate, and the powder outlet pipe is connected under the microhole, and the powder outlet pipe is connected with the diverter; the diverter plate with adjustable inclination angle is installed in the diverter. The utility model is equipped with a self-weight constant pressure tablet and an ultrasonic vibration device, so that the powder output is more uniform, and through the shunting, the ultrafine powder beam can be output, and the application range of the medium and low power laser is expanded.

Description

Side synchronous powder feeding device for medium and low power laser powder-saving cladding

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of surface treatment and connection processing of high-energy beam materials such as laser synchronous powder feeding cladding (coating, coating), alloying and laser welding, in particular to a lateral synchronous laser powder cladding with medium and low power Powder feeding device.

Background technique

Laser cladding is the use of high-energy laser beam irradiation, through rapid melting, expansion and solidification, cladding a layer of material with special physical, chemical or mechanical properties on the surface of the substrate to form a new composite material to make up for the lack of the substrate. missing high performance. According to the requirements of the workpiece, metal or non-metal of various components can be clad to prepare surface coatings with properties such as heat resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance, so that the material has structures and properties that conventional treatments do not have. However, at present, high-power lasers are used for laser cladding, and the heat output is too large, causing small deformation of small parts, which cannot be used to process fine parts, and the price is high, so it is not easy to popularize; while low- and medium-power lasers (120W-500W) are used for cladding. Metal powder is very difficult, because most of the low and medium power lasers are pulsed, that is, the laser spots on the surface of the workpiece are not continuous, but intermittent; every time a spot is produced, a solder spot is formed, so the welded spot The surface is composed of many solder joints. Due to the small calorific value and small spot (about 0.5mm) of the medium and low power laser, the powder beam sent by the powder feeding device is very small, but most of the existing powder feeding devices are continuous powder feeding, and the powder beam is relatively large. During the interval between two laser spots being shot continuously by the pulse laser, the metal powder sent by the powder feeding device forms accumulations on the surface of the workpiece. The longer the interval, the thicker the powder accumulation, resulting in uneven thickness of the welded surface, and even If the powder is too thick, the laser cannot penetrate and cause a lot of waste of powder.

In addition, laser cladding technology requires that the flow rate of the powder feeding device is very uniform, and there should be no large fluctuations. When the flow rate is large, the welded joints will be high, and the solder joints will be too thin when the flow rate is small. Affect the welding quality; especially the frequency of the light spot produced by the medium and low power laser is only about 6Hz, so a powder feeding device that can deliver very fine powder beams and has a very uniform flow rate is required to meet the requirements of laser cladding.

Utility model content

In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a side synchronous powder feeding device for medium and low power laser powder cladding which can transport very fine powder beams and has a very uniform flow rate.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: a lateral synchronous powder feeding device for medium and low power laser powder-saving cladding, including a self-weight constant pressure powder storage tank, a vibrating powder feeding assembly, a flow divider, a protective gas flow equalization device and a beam-feeding device. Powder nozzle, the self-weight constant pressure powder storage tank is connected with a protective gas source, the tank is filled with metal powder, and the bottom of the tank is provided with an umbrella-shaped constant pressure piece, and there is a micro gap between the outer edge of the constant pressure piece and the inner wall of the powder storage tank , the spacing is 0.1-0.3mm, and the powder outlet under the constant pressure sheet is equipped with a flow regulating valve. The function of the constant pressure tablet is to keep the pressure of the powder storage tank constant, so that the powder sent out is uniform. The principle is that the constant pressure tablet forms a semi-closed space in the powder storage tank, that is, a constant pressure chamber. The gap flows into the constant pressure chamber, and when the powder in the constant pressure chamber is saturated, it cannot flow in again. Therefore, no matter how much powder is on the top of the constant pressure tablet, the constant pressure chamber will always maintain a constant pressure, so as to achieve the purpose of uniform powder delivery.

The vibrating powder feeding assembly includes an ultrasonic transducer vibrator, a vibration damping hose, and a vibrating powder feeding chamber. The vibrating powder feeding chamber is a closed box, fixed at the front end of the ultrasonic transducer vibrator, and its upper end is provided with a powder inlet and an air inlet. , the powder inlet is connected to the powder outlet of the powder storage tank through a vibration-damping hose; a quantitative powder-bearing vibrating plate is fixed in the vibrating powder feeding chamber directly below the powder inlet. It is a through hole of 0.2-0.3mm. The bottom of the vibrating plate is located below the through hole. The vibration-damping hose is connected to a closed powder recovery box; the vibrating powder feeding chamber and the powder storage tank share a protective gas source, and the ventilation pipe between the vibrating powder feeding chamber and the protective gas source is equipped with a decompression gauge. The ventilation pipe between the chamber and the decompression gauge is provided with a decompression valve, and the outlet of the decompression valve communicates with the inlet of the protective gas flow equalization device through a branch pipe.

The main function of this device is throttling quantitative output or pressurized output: the role of the quantitative powder holding vibrating plate is to hold a certain amount of powder and maintain a constant pressure of its own weight, and the excess powder will fall from the convex edge of the vibrating plate to the vibrating The bottom of the powder feeding chamber flows into the powder recovery box through the powder outlet and the shock-absorbing hose, so that the powder can be input quantitatively at constant pressure. The protective gas enters the cavity of the vibrating powder feeding chamber after the pressure is lowered by the decompression gauge, and the excess protective gas is sent to the protective gas equalization device through the pressure reducing valve, so that the air pressure in the vibrating powder feeding chamber is always lower than the air pressure in the powder storage tank. So that the powder can be accelerated downwards under the action of air pressure difference. During use, the shielding gas pressure can be adjusted through the decompression gauge, so that the powder feeding amount can be adjusted in a wide range to meet the needs of different power lasers.

The inner chamber of the flow divider is divided into two connected parts by a vertical short partition: the powder output room and the powder recovery room. screen, the lower end of the powder output chamber is provided with an outlet, and the outlet is connected to the powder channel of the protective gas flow equalization device; the bottom of the powder recovery chamber is provided with a valve; The powder inlet of the device corresponds to the upper and lower sides, and the powder flowing into the splitter just falls on the splitter plate. By adjusting the inclination angle of the splitter plate, the powder flow into the powder output chamber can be adjusted, and large or very small powder beams can be delivered. According to the output power of the laser, the size of the powder flow is adjusted, and the shunted powder flows into the powder recovery chamber, and is finally discharged from the valve and recovered for reuse.

The protective gas flow equalization device is a cylindrical structure, the middle part is the powder passage, the outer layer is the air duct, the middle and lower part of the air duct is divided into an inner air duct and an outer air duct by a cylindrical partition, and there is no air duct at the upper end of the inner and outer air ducts. The partition part is the air pressure buffer chamber, and there are multiple staggered circular deflectors horizontally in the inner and outer air ducts; the outer air duct is divided into two parts that are not connected to each other by the horizontal partition, and each part is independently equipped with A protective gas inlet, an annular protective gas nozzle is installed at the bottom of the outer air duct, and an air outlet is provided at the lower end of the inner air duct.

The beaming powder feeding nozzle consists of two parts: the powder outlet nozzle and the beaming air nozzle. The upper end of the powder outlet nozzle is fixedly connected with the powder channel in the protective gas flow equalization device through threads; the middle part of the powder outlet nozzle protrudes outward to form a cylinder. The cylinder is nested and installed in the air outlet at the lower end of the inner air duct, and the upper end of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of circularly distributed ventilation holes along the radial direction, and the ends of the ventilation holes are all bent outwards and converged into a ring-shaped cluster. The air beam nozzle forms a tubular air curtain outside the powder outlet nozzle.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: by setting the self-weight constant pressure tablet and the ultrasonic vibration device, the powder output is more uniform, and through the shunting, the ultrafine powder beam can be output, which expands the application range of the medium and low power laser, and especially improves the The use value of low-power laser (120W) is conducive to the promotion and popularization of laser cladding technology.

Description of drawings:

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is further described:

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the utility model,

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the protective gas flow equalization device and the bunching powder feeding nozzle of the present invention,

Fig. 3 is a working principle diagram of the air duct in the protection gas flow equalization device of the present invention,

Fig. 4 is the front view of the utility model bunching powder feeding nozzle,

Fig. 5 is the front view of the powder stirring shaft of the utility model

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of A-A in Fig. 5 .

Detailed ways:

See Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, the lateral synchronous powder feeding device for low- and medium-power laser powder-saving cladding, including a self-weight constant-pressure powder storage tank 1, a vibrating powder feeding assembly, a flow divider, and a shielding gas uniform flow device 15 and beam-feeding powder nozzle, the self-weight constant pressure powder storage tank 1 is connected with a protective gas source 3, metal powder 2 is housed in the tank, and an umbrella-shaped constant pressure piece 4 is arranged at the bottom of the tank, and the constant pressure piece 4 is outside There is a micro-gap between the edge and the inner wall of the powder storage tank 1, and the distance is about 0.2 mm. The powder outlet below the constant pressure sheet 4 is provided with a flow regulating valve 5 . The function of the constant pressure tablet 4 is to keep the pressure of the powder storage tank constant, so that the powder sent out is even. 2 Relying on its own weight to flow into the constant pressure chamber from the micro gap, when the powder in the constant pressure chamber reaches saturation, it cannot flow in again. Therefore, regardless of whether there is more or less powder above the constant pressure sheet 4, or whether the air pressure is large or small, the constant pressure chamber always maintains a constant pressure, thereby achieving the purpose of uniform powder delivery. In order to prevent the powder agglomeration in the constant pressure chamber, resulting in poor powder feeding, a rotatable powder stirring shaft 6 can be installed in the constant pressure chamber. Slender through slot, the end of which is fixedly connected with the motor, driven by the motor to rotate and stir the powder, and break up the agglomerated powder and send it out.

The vibrating powder feeding assembly includes an ultrasonic transducer 8, a damping hose, and a vibrating powder feeding chamber 19. The vibrating powder feeding chamber 19 is a closed box, fixed on the front end of the ultrasonic transducer 8, and its upper end is provided with a powder inlet. and the air inlet, the powder inlet is connected with the powder outlet of the powder storage tank 1 through a damping hose; a quantitative powder-bearing vibrating plate 7 is fixed in the vibrating powder feeding chamber 19 directly below the powder inlet, and the edge of the vibrating plate 7 has a There is a convex edge, and a through hole with a diameter of 0.2 mm is provided in the middle. A powder outlet tube is arranged at the bottom of the vibrating plate 7 below the through hole, and a damping hose is installed in the middle of the powder outlet tube. There is another powder outlet at the bottom of the vibrating powder feeding chamber 19, and the powder outlet is connected to a closed powder recovery box 11 through a vibration-damping hose; the vibrating powder feeding chamber 19 shares a protective gas source 3 with the powder storage tank 1, The vent pipe between the powder chamber 19 and the protective gas source 3 is equipped with a decompression meter 9, and the vent pipe between the vibrating powder feeding chamber 19 and the decompression meter 9 is provided with a decompression valve 10, and the outlet of the decompression valve 10 passes through a branch pipe It communicates with the air inlet of the protective gas equalizing device 15 .

The main function of this device is throttling quantitative output or pressurized output: the role of the quantitative powder holding vibrating plate 7 is to hold a certain amount of powder and maintain a constant pressure of its own weight, and the excess powder falls from the convex edge of the vibrating plate 7 through vibration To the bottom of the vibrating powder feeding chamber 19, it flows into the powder recovery box 11 through the powder outlet and the damping hose, so that the powder can be input quantitatively at a constant pressure. The protective gas enters the vibratory powder feeding chamber 19 inner cavity after the pressure is reduced by the decompression gauge 9, and the redundant protective gas is delivered to the air inlet of the protective gas equalizing device through the pressure reducing valve 10. Therefore, the air pressure in the vibrating powder feeding chamber 19 is always lower than the air pressure in the powder storage tank 1, so that the powder can be accelerated downwards under the action of the air pressure difference. During use, the shielding gas pressure can be adjusted through the decompression gauge 9, so that the powder feeding amount can be adjusted in a wide range to meet the needs of different power lasers.

The inner cavity of the flow divider is divided into two parts connected by a vertical short partition: the powder output chamber 12 and the powder recovery chamber 13. The upper end of the powder output chamber 12 is provided with a funnel-shaped powder inlet, and a 100-mesh umbrella is arranged inside the powder inlet. The lower end of the powder output chamber 12 is provided with an outlet, and the outlet is connected to the powder channel of the protective gas flow equalization device 15; the bottom of the powder recovery chamber 13 is provided with a valve; the top of the short partition is provided with a diverter plate 14 with an adjustable inclination angle , the position of the splitter plate 14 corresponds to the upper and lower sides of the powder inlet of the splitter. The powder flowing into the splitter just falls on the splitter plate 14. By adjusting the inclination angle of the splitter plate 14, the powder flow rate flowing into the powder output chamber 12 can be adjusted, and a higher output can be delivered. For large or very small powder beams, the powder flow rate can be adjusted according to the output power of the laser, and the shunted powder flows into the powder recovery chamber 13, and is finally discharged from the valve for recycling.

The protective gas flow equalization device 15 is a cylindrical structure, the middle part is a powder channel, and the outer layer is an air duct. The middle and lower parts of the air duct are divided into an inner air duct and an outer air duct by a cylindrical partition. The part without partitions is the air pressure buffer chamber 20, and a plurality of staggered annular deflectors 16 are arranged horizontally in the inner and outer air ducts; A protective gas inlet is provided independently, the upper inlet is connected with the pressure reducing valve 10 branch pipes, and the lower inlet is connected with another separately established gas source. The bottom end of the outer air duct is equipped with an annular protective gas nozzle 18, and the lower end of the inner air duct is provided with an air outlet. The function of the deflector 16 is to uniform the protective airflow sent into the air duct. If the protective airflow is not uniform, the tubular air curtain ejected from the focusing air nozzle 22 will be inclined, causing the powder beam to deviate from the light spot. The protective airflow sent into the air duct from the air inlet is turbulent. After entering the air pressure buffer chamber 20, the air pressure is gradually stabilized after being compressed. protective airflow. The protective gas flow equalization device is equipped with an annular protective gas nozzle 18 at the lower end of the outer air duct, which can form an inner and outer double-layer protective gas curtain. The outer protective gas can use a gas different from the inner protective gas, which can control the plasma cloud. The inner and outer protective gas The same gas can also be used to increase the protection area.

The beaming powder feeding nozzle includes two parts: a powder outlet nozzle 21 and a beaming air nozzle 22 . The upper end of the powder outlet nozzle 21 is fixedly connected to the powder channel in the protective gas flow equalization device 15 through the threaded opening 17 . The middle part of the powder outlet nozzle 21 protrudes outward to form a cylinder 23, and the cylinder 23 is nested and installed in the air outlet at the lower end of the inner air duct. The upper end of the cylinder 23 is provided with a plurality of air holes uniformly distributed in a circular shape along the radial direction. The ends of the air holes are all bent outwards and converged into a ring-shaped bunching air nozzle 22 , forming a tubular air curtain outside the powder outlet nozzle 21 . In this way, the protective gas forms a tubular air curtain in the powder stream after being sprayed out from the annular focusing air nozzle 22, which restrains the powder stream, and the powder stream is rectified into a linear stream in the tubular air curtain, which improves the powder The stiffness of the beam. During the laser powder welding process, within the effective range, the powder beam can be aligned and sent into the laser molten pool, which greatly improves the utilization rate of the powder.

Claims (2)

1. The lateral synchronous powder feeding device for medium and low power laser powder-saving cladding, including a self-weight constant pressure powder storage tank, and beaming powder feeding nozzles, the self-weight constant pressure powder storage tank is connected with a protective gas source, and the tank is filled with metal Powder, characterized in that the lateral synchronous powder feeding device also includes the following technical features: a. The bottom of the self-weight constant-pressure powder storage tank is provided with an umbrella-shaped constant-pressure sheet, and there is a small gap between the outer edge of the umbrella-shaped constant-pressure sheet and the inner wall of the powder storage tank, with a distance of 0.1-0.3mm. The powder outlet of the powder storage tank is equipped with a flow regulating valve; b. The vibrating powder feeding assembly includes an ultrasonic transducer vibrator, a vibration damping hose, and a vibrating powder feeding chamber. The vibrating powder feeding chamber is a closed box fixed at the front end of the ultrasonic transducer vibrator. The air port and the powder inlet are connected to the powder outlet of the powder storage tank through a vibration-damping hose; a quantitative powder-bearing vibrating plate is fixed in the vibrating powder feeding chamber directly below the powder inlet. There is a through hole with a diameter of 0.2-0.3mm. The bottom of the vibrating plate is located below the through hole. The outlet is connected to a closed powder recovery box through a vibration-damping hose; the vibrating powder feeding chamber and the powder storage tank share a protective gas source, and the vent pipe between the vibrating powder feeding chamber and the protective gas source is equipped with a decompression gauge. The ventilation pipe between the powder feeding chamber and the decompression meter is provided with a pressure relief valve, and the outlet of the pressure relief valve is connected with the inlet port of the protective gas flow equalization device through a branch pipe; c. The inner cavity of the diverter is divided into two connected parts by a vertical short partition: the powder output room and the powder recovery room. Umbrella-shaped screen, the lower end of the powder output chamber is provided with an outlet, and the outlet is connected to the powder channel of the protective gas flow equalization device; the top of the short partition is provided with a diverter plate with adjustable inclination angle, and the position of the diverter plate corresponds to the upper and lower sides of the powder inlet of the diverter ; d. The protective gas flow equalization device is a cylindrical structure, the middle part is the powder passage, the outer layer is the air duct, and the middle and lower parts of the air duct are divided into an inner air duct and an outer air duct by a cylindrical partition, and the inner and outer air ducts The part without a partition at the upper end is a pressure buffer chamber, and a plurality of staggered circular deflectors are arranged horizontally in the inner and outer air ducts; the outer air duct is divided into two parts that are not connected to each other by a horizontal partition, and each part is independent There is a protective gas inlet, the upper air inlet is connected to the branch pipe of the pressure reducing valve, and the lower air inlet is connected to another separately established air source; the bottom end of the outer air duct is equipped with a ring-shaped protective gas nozzle. There is an air outlet at the lower end of the inner air duct; e. The beam-forming powder feeding nozzle includes two parts: the powder outlet nozzle and the beam-forming air nozzle. The upper end of the powder outlet nozzle is connected with the powder channel in the protective gas equalization device through threads; the middle part of the powder outlet nozzle protrudes outward to form a cylinder. The cylinder is nested and installed in the air outlet at the lower end of the inner air duct, and the upper end of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of circularly distributed ventilation holes in the radial direction, and the ends of the ventilation holes are bent outward and converged into a ring shape Bunch nozzle. 2. The lateral synchronous powder feeding device for medium and low power laser powder cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotatable powder stirring shaft is installed in the constant pressure chamber at the bottom of the self-weight constant pressure powder storage tank, Its main body is a rotating shaft with a plurality of slender through slots distributed symmetrically along the axis in the middle, and the end is fixedly connected with the motor.

Images