CN201663859U - A device for cultivating sea cucumbers in semi-submarine and semi-suspended floating raft net cages - Google Patents

Abstract

A semi-submarine semi-suspended floating raft net cage culture device for sea cucumbers, which relates to seawater floating raft net cage culture in fishery, is to use the existing culture equipment such as floating rafts and net cages for cultivating shellfish, and change the culture through minor adjustments sea cucumber. Long-term large-scale high-density single-species shellfish farming has caused a decline in seawater nutrients, poor water flow, and frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests in some farming sea areas such as Liaoning. The sudden death of large areas of shellfish increases the cost and risk of seawater shellfish farming. The utility model horizontally hangs the net cage for cultivating shellfish on the rafts of two floating rafts, and adjusts the total length of the buoyancy rope plus the suspension rope (at low tide) to be greater than the distance from the sea surface to the seabed to form a device. The device enables the net cage to completely sink into the seabed at low tide, and to completely break away from the seabed at high tide or high tide. The beneficial effects of the utility model are: prevention and control of environmental pollution, energy saving, labor saving, greatly increased efficiency, providing new technology and development direction for sea cucumber shellfish rotation and mixed culture.

Description

A device for cultivating sea cucumbers in semi-submarine and semi-suspended floating raft net cages

technical field

The utility model relates to fishery seawater floating raft net cage culture, which is to use the existing breeding equipment such as floating rafts and net cages for cultivating shellfish, and through minor adjustments and changes, to cultivate shellfish in sea areas or other sea areas where conditions permit. sea cucumber.

technical background

my country has a vast sea area, and mariculture is developing rapidly, and its aquaculture production ranks first in the world, among which shellfish aquaculture accounts for more than 75% of the total production. Long-term large-scale and high-density single-species shellfish farming has caused ecological imbalance in most of the breeding sea areas such as Liaoning. This large-scale and high-density farming cage provides adhesion and survival conditions for fouling organisms mainly mussels , leading to the decline of seawater nutrients, poor water flow, serious pollution of aquaculture sea areas, and frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The low quality of shellfish and the sudden death of a large area increase the cost and risk of seawater shellfish farming. Taking Changhai County, Liaoning Province, the largest shellfish breeding base in my country as an example, the seawater aquaculture output from January to June 2008 dropped by 33.8% year-on-year, and the mortality rate of Ezo shellfish farming in the second half of the year exceeded 40%. In 2009 (to October) The accumulative mortality rate of Ezo shellfish exceeds 80%. The realistic ecological environment poses a serious challenge to the sustainable development of shellfish farming.

Contents of the invention

How to prevent and control environmental pollution, save resources, adjust breeding species according to local conditions, use existing marine resources, and turn disadvantages into advantages are new issues facing the mariculture industry. The utility model provides a semi-submarine semi-suspension type floating raft cage culture sea cucumber device, which can make full use of existing resources to realize energy saving, environmental protection and labor saving in seawater culture, and greatly increase the number of sea cucumbers under the premise of sustainable development. effect.

The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: horizontally hang the net cage of the existing cultured shellfish on the raft body of the two floating rafts, and adjust the total length (at low tide) of the buoyancy rope plus the suspension rope to be greater than The distance from the sea surface to the bottom of the sea constitutes a device that enables the net cage to sink completely into the bottom of the sea at low tide and completely out of the bottom of the sea during high tide or spring tide.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: preventing and controlling environmental pollution, rationally utilizing resources, saving labor and energy, and promoting the ecological balance of breeding sea areas. Experiments have shown that the survival rate of sea cucumbers cultivated by this device is much higher than that of any other method (no bait seawater sea cucumbers cultured), and its economic benefits are several times that of shellfish cultures, and unexpected technical effects have been produced. In the future, the alternating development of shellfish culture and sea cucumber culture or mixed culture will provide a new technical solution and represent a new technology development trend.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the position and state of the cage at different tide levels. (1) is a buoyancy ball, (2) is a buoyancy rope, (3) is a raft body, (4) is a suspension rope, and (5) is a net cage. A and B represent the position of the sea surface at high tide and low tide respectively, and C represents the position of the sea bottom.

Figure 1-1 shows the state of the net cage fully submerged in the seabed when the tide is low.

Fig. 1-2 shows that when the tide is high, the cage is completely separated from the state of the seabed.

Detailed ways

According to above-mentioned Fig. 1, the net cage of existing cultivated shellfish is horizontally hung on the raft body of two floating rafts, and the total length (at low tide) of the buoyancy rope plus the sling is adjusted to be greater than the distance from the sea surface to the seabed, so that the net cage It can completely sink into the seabed at low tide (as shown in Figure 1-1), and can completely escape from the seabed at high tide (as shown in Figure 1-2).

The specific length of the buoyancy rope and the suspension rope is related to the texture of the seabed. The buoyancy rope and the suspension rope on the sediment bottom are shorter to prevent the cage from being trapped by the sand. The length of the sling. Sediment contains a large amount of nutrients needed by sea cucumbers, and is the main source of food for sea cucumbers to grow. The net cage should stay on the seabed as much as possible under the premise of ensuring that the net cage is not trapped by the sand.

Under the action of the tide, the net cage is always in motion on the seabed and changes its direction of motion twice a day. Most of the time of movement is only related to the tide and is not greatly affected by the raft body. The net cage is not necessarily perpendicular to the raft. The body of the raft provides conditions for sea cucumbers to obtain food in a large area, and this movement can also prevent the cage from being trapped by sediment. The net cages do not leave the bottom of the sea every day. As long as they are not trapped by sediment, the time for the net cages to stay on the bottom of the sea can be extended for a few days. They will not leave the bottom of the sea until the tide rises, so that the tide can wash away the excessive sea cucumbers on the net cages. Unnecessary clutter. The net cage not only moves horizontally on the seabed, but also moves up and down under the action of the waves. When the waves form on the sea surface, the buoyancy ball will rise with each wave. This movement can sometimes make the net cage leave the seabed instantly.

According to the individual size of the cultured sea cucumber, adjust the distance between the cage partitions, and choose a net with a suitable mesh, so that the ginseng seedlings cannot escape from the mesh, and harmful natural enemies cannot enter the cage through the mesh.

Place (broken mesh bag) mesh sheets in each cage partition to facilitate the attachment of sea cucumbers and prevent the excessive tide from directly impacting sea cucumbers, reducing the violent movement of the cages. Such as long-term cultivation (cultivation), the sea cucumber excrement on the mesh (net bag) can be cleaned regularly.

The breeding density is determined according to the natural environment of the sea area. The breeding sea area with rich bait resources on the seabed has a higher breeding density, and vice versa. Generally, in the sea areas where shellfish have been cultured for a long time, seabed bait resources are relatively rich, such as various bacteria in the sediment, debris of various animal and plant corpses, shell fragments, etc. are all excellent food for sea cucumbers. 50-60 cages are hung on the raft. Under the influence of the tidal current, the net cage moves on the seabed, to prevent the net cage and the net cage from being entangled with each other, the length of the suspension rope should be as short as possible.

Choose no bait feeding as the condition, the juvenile ginseng bred in the middle of the sea, with a body length of about 2-3cm, put 5-6 heads per partition (15 layers of partitions) for no feeding breeding, and adjust the buoyancy rope in time during the breeding process The length can promote the rapid growth of sea cucumbers. Take Ezo shellfish culture sea area as an example, the water depth is generally more than 10 meters, and there is a certain temperature difference between the sea surface and the seabed in different seasons. During the high temperature period in summer, let the cages stay on the seabed as much as possible. In spring and early summer, marine organisms are active and the water temperature is suitable. The net cage can be raised a little, and various marine organisms such as juvenile shellfish can be attached to the net cage intentionally, so as to supplement more natural organic nutrients for sea cucumbers.

If you choose to plant seedlings at the end of autumn, you can hang the open net cages on the floating raft in summer, so that the inside and outside of the net cages are covered with attachments, and reserve a certain amount of natural organic bait for sea cucumbers. The fish, crabs, starfish and other predators in the cage are removed, and after sea cucumber seedlings are loaded, the net cage is sewed with strings, which can effectively prevent the invasion of sea cucumber predators such as fish, crabs and starfish.

Sea cucumbers are omnivorous animals. In the sea area where conditions permit, some green plants such as kelp and wakame can be raised on the sling on the top of the cage (for details, please refer to the cultivation methods of kelp and wakame). About 1 meter of kelp or wakame with ropes (with roots) is transplanted to the sling on the top of the cage, and the growing blades can be brought into contact with the cage as much as possible. For relatively shallow sea areas suitable for the growth of sargassum and sargassum, the two plants, sargassum and sargassum, which sea cucumbers like to eat, can be properly cultivated on the seabed.

After a cycle (2-3 years) of sea cucumber farming, the marine ecological environment has been improved, and the nutrients needed by shellfish have been restored. Then, some rafts will be used for shellfish culture, and sea cucumber and shellfish can be harvested in a certain sea area. In this way, under the premise of marine ecological balance, the two cultures can grow healthily and pollution-free, and achieve the rational utilization of resources and breeding equipment, so as to promote the sustainable development of seawater floating raft net cage culture. Experiments have proved that the economic benefit of culturing sea cucumbers with this device is several times higher than that of floating raft shellfish cultivation, and it is especially suitable for intermediate temporary cultivation. Taking Dalian as an example, in mid-October, sea cucumber seedlings that grow 2-3 cm can grow to 4-5 cm in May-June of the following year. cages pose a threat to sea cucumbers), the seabed is rich in nutrients, the water temperature is suitable for the growth of sea cucumbers, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%-95%. At this time, it can be directly transferred to the bottom of the seabed or captive, without any manual operation and any cost. A net profit of 5,000 yuan can be obtained for each set of rafts if it is properly operated.

If you continue to grow, you need to invert the cage to replace the mesh cage with a larger mesh and clean the (mesh bag) mesh in the cage. During the whole process of inverting the cage, especially the process of water out of the cage, it must be carried out slowly and gently. Handle with care, do not disturb the sea cucumber too much. Once sea cucumbers are severely frightened, they will spit out their intestines, resulting in slow growth in the future.

The prevention and removal of fouling on shellfish breeding net cages consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. During the cultivation period, manual pouring of the cages and manual cleaning on the shore of the net cages are carried out 2-3 times a year. During the whole process of cleaning, the fouling The pollutants will cause serious pollution to the sea area. Ships need to consume a lot of diesel oil for multiple round-trip operations, but sea cucumber farming is just the opposite. The pollution attached to the net cage is an excellent natural bait for sea cucumbers, and there is no need to manually clean the net cage. Greatly reduce the cost of farming.

Compared with single shellfish floating raft net cage culture, this technical solution can prevent and control environmental pollution, save energy, increase efficiency, produce unexpected technical effects, and represent a development trend of a new technology.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of device of semi-submarine semi-suspension type floating raft net cage culture sea cucumber, the net cage of existing cultured shellfish is horizontally hung on the raft body of two floating rafts, the total length of buoyancy rope plus suspension rope (in during low tide) to be adjusted to be greater than the distance from the sea surface to the sea bottom to form a device, which is characterized in that: the device can completely sink the net cage into the sea bottom at low tide, and can completely separate the net cage from the bottom of the sea when high tide or spring tide.

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