CN107473394A - A kind of ecological purifier and application method in semiclosed property marine site - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological purification device for a semi-enclosed sea area, which is composed of several ecological purification units, and the ecological purification units are arranged in series through connecting cables; Arranged fence-like culture cages, the culture cages are connected by connecting slings, several floating balls are installed on the top of the culture cages, and the top cover edge of the culture cages at the top is tethered by pile cables On the pile, the bottom of the pile is fixed on the seabed; the bottom and surroundings of the culture cage are covered with plastic fishing nets, the culture cage is equipped with a culture substrate for shellfish to attach to, and the bottom of the culture cage is laid with The bottom cover sieve that prevents the breeding substrate from leaking out, the top of the culture cage is also laid with a sealing sieve. The invention has a simple structure and is convenient to use, and can obtain high economic benefits while performing ecological purification on semi-enclosed sea areas.

Description

A semi-enclosed sea area ecological purification device and using method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of marine ecological purification, and in particular relates to an ecological purification device and a use method for semi-enclosed sea areas.

Background technique

The semi-enclosed sea area is isolated from the adjacent sea area due to human or natural factors, and the influence of land sources still exists. Therefore, the water flow in this sea area is not smooth, the exchange of water bodies is poor, the eutrophication is serious, and severe red tides are prone to occur. disaster. To carry out ecological purification in natural sea areas, it is usually to introduce macroeconomic algae, use the growth process of macroeconomic algae to absorb elements such as C, N, and P in the sea area, and transfer nutrients in the water body out by harvesting macroeconomic algae. the marine system. After continuous operation, it will effectively improve the eutrophication of the water quality in the aquaculture area, reduce the nutrient salt level in the water, increase the dissolved oxygen in the water, improve the water quality, and purify the ecology of the aquaculture sea area.

At present, there have been related reports on improving water quality eutrophication in aquaculture areas in natural sea areas. The invention patent CN105165680A discloses a large yellow croaker-asparagus comprehensive breeding matching mode. Asparagus method. Invention patent CN103598081A discloses an artificial algae field and its construction method. Several algae reefs are connected together by fixed ropes. Large-scale economical shellfish are hung between the algal reefs to form algae, and large-scale economical shellfish seedlings are attached to the algal reefs. Invention patent CN103609424A discloses a composite artificial algae reef. A mesh bag made of discarded shells is put into a metal frame, and the spores of the algae on the seedling rope are scattered and attached to form a biophilic reef. However, in view of the fact that macroeconomic algae need to be cultivated from an early age and begin to age and die after a certain period of time, they are often limited to a specific space and time, and marine microalgae exist in large quantities in water bodies. Therefore, the above patents are applicable to sea areas The species and biomass of the plankton in the study did not substantially improve.

There are a large number of microalgae in the ocean, and marine microalgae is a double-edged sword. First, as primary producers, marine microalgae can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus from the ocean and release a large amount of dissolved oxygen; however, due to the The individual is small, difficult to harvest, cannot be collected and separated in time, and leaves the water body, and quickly rots, and quickly dissolves nitrogen and phosphorus in the body into the environment, thereby affecting water quality. In eutrophic semi-enclosed sea areas, marine microalgae have the possibility of rapid biomass growth and even outbreaks. Therefore, marine microalgae can only be used as one of the components of ecological restoration, and it is difficult to act as a marine ecological purifier. Therefore, a device or method that can rapidly reduce marine microalgae needs to be developed urgently, so as to achieve a dynamic balance of the species, quantity and biomass of marine microalgae in semi-enclosed sea areas.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an ecological purification device and method for use in a semi-enclosed sea area, and according to the actual situation, determine the appropriate cultivation method, detection method, cultivation density, and management measures to realize the design Ecological purification of certain sea areas.

An ecological purification device for a semi-enclosed sea area, consisting of several ecological purification units, the ecological purification units are arranged in series by connecting cables; the ecological purification unit includes several fence-shaped The breeding cages are connected by connecting slings, and several floating balls are installed on the top of the breeding cages, and the edge of the top cover of the breeding cages at the top is tied to the piles by pile cables. The bottom of the pile is fixed on the bottom of the sea; the bottom and surroundings of the culture cage are covered with plastic fishing nets, the culture cage is equipped with a culture substrate for shellfish to attach to, and the bottom of the culture cage is laid with a layer to prevent the culture substrate from leaking out. The bottom cover sieve silk, the top of described breeding cage is also laid with sealing sieve silk.

Preferably, the distance between each row of ecological purification units is 2m.

Preferably, the connecting cable is a blended rope formed by blending 3 strands of single rope, and each strand of single rope is formed by twisting 1:1 vinylon and plastic monofilament, and the diameter of the connecting cable is 4cm.

Preferably, the breeding cage is a square breeding cage or a cylindrical breeding cage.

Preferably, the length of the connecting rope is 0.5m; the floating ball is an inflatable floating ball, and the floating ball is fixedly connected above the topmost breeding cage through the floating ball hanging rope.

Preferably, a cage sieve is also laid around the culture cage.

Preferably, the aperture of the plastic fishing net is smaller than that of shellfish; the aperture of the bottom cover sieve is 60-100 mesh; the aperture of the sealing sieve is 120-160 mesh; the aperture of the cage sieve is 120-100 mesh. 160 mesh.

Further, the cultivation substrate located in the topmost culture cage is fine sand, which is used for cultivating one or more of clams, Philippine clams, and four-cornered clams, and the diameter of the fine sand is smaller than that of Qin Meretrix meretrix, philippine clam or four-cornered clam; the culture substrate in the culture cage on the lower floor is fine sea mud for growing cockles and/or mud cockles.

Further, the present invention also provides a method for using an ecological purification device in a semi-enclosed sea area, comprising the following steps:

(1) According to the species of marine microalgae in the semi-enclosed sea area to be purified and the water layer, shellfish species are screened, and shellfish seedlings are collected for sea area domestication;

(2) Plastic fishing nets are laid at the bottom and around the breeding cage of the ecological purification device, and the bottom and top of the breeding cage are respectively laid with a bottom sieve and a sealing sieve. , putting the shellfish domesticated through step (1) into corresponding culture cages, and laying the culture cages in the corresponding water layer of the semi-enclosed sea area to be purified;

(3) Timely detect the environmental conditions of the semi-enclosed sea area and the health status of the shellfish in the culture cage, and observe the color change of the bottom cover sieve and the culture substrate, as well as the adhesion of seaweed on the bottom cover sieve, and detect dead individual shellfish Need to be cleaned up in time;

(4) During the breeding season, cover the cage sieve silk around the plastic fishing net to prevent shellfish larvae from leaking out of the culture cage.

Compared with the prior art, the inventive method has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention can locate the culture cage in the selected area and water layer by constructing an ecological purification device used in a semi-enclosed sea area, and screen the shellfish according to the pollution situation with the shallow sea raft culture method , and lay out the corresponding aquaculture substrates, introduce domesticated shellfish, especially bivalves, and rapidly ingest marine microalgae during the growth of shellfish, so as to reduce the plankton in the water body, reduce particulate matter, and reduce water turbidity. degree, increase transparency, and improve water quality.

(2) The present invention takes the ecological purification of the semi-enclosed sea area to reduce inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, improve water quality, and not leave cultures and possible wastes to the environment as the highest principle, and lay out ecological purification devices to cultivate perennial large-scale economic shellfish As the core, import economical shellfish and feed on marine microalgae that can absorb inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Only subtraction, not addition, reduces marine microalgae in the water body, thereby purifying the water quality.

(3) The ecological purification device of the present invention is a very effective and reliable choice for semi-enclosed sea areas. It has the characteristics of high-efficiency absorption of elements such as N and P, good repeatability, and simple operation. The device of the present invention can be used to quickly harvest , At the same time, the economical shellfish is limited to the breeding cage to prevent leakage to the environment, the culture does not spread to the open sea, and the effect of improving water quality, purifying the ecology of the sea area, and reducing eutrophication is good.

(4) the present invention determines the number and arrangement pattern of specific ecological purification units according to the concrete sea area pollution situation, and adjusts the culture cage place to be located in the water layer position by the length of the number of floats, float slings and connecting slings, so as to The shellfish that meet the requirements of the screening can be cultivated in a certain water layer according to the natural habit, and the corresponding water layer can be purified through the ingestion of microalgae, so as to solve the problem of shellfish species and variety deployment.

(5) the present invention is laid on the bottom and all around with sieve silk in culture cage, selects the sieve silk cage of certain mesh to solve the contradiction of permeability and semi-enclosed, and permeability is that the individual in the water body is less floating. The plants enter the breeding cage, and the semi-closed shellfish larvae keep the larger individual shellfish larvae in the cage, so as to avoid the escape of large-scale economic shellfish and individuals in multiple stages of their life history.

(6) The present invention places sand at the bottom of the breeding cage on the top floor, and places bivalves such as qin clams, Philippine clams, and four-cornered clams in the sand to solve the problem of shellfish fixation. The diameter of the sand grains is smaller than the shellfish. It is beneficial to rapid separation and harvesting; fine sea mud is placed at the bottom of the culture cage on the lower layer, and bivalves such as cockles and mud cockles are placed in the sea mud, which solves the problem of layered culture of shellfish. In addition, plastic fishing nets cover 60-100 mesh sieves outside the bottom of the culture cages, which can effectively prevent the culture substrate from leaking out of the culture cages and spreading to the open sea.

Based on the above, the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to use, and can obtain high economic benefits while performing ecological purification on semi-enclosed sea areas.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ecological purification device of semi-enclosed sea area of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;

Reference signs: 1, pile; 2, pile cable; 3, floating ball; 4, breeding cage; 5, connecting cable; 6, sealing sieve; 7, cage sieve; 8, culture medium; Hanging rope; 10, back cover sieve silk; 11, connecting hanging rope.

detailed description

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1-2, an ecological purification device in a semi-enclosed sea area is composed of several ecological purification units, and the ecological purification units are arranged in series by connecting cables 5, and the connecting cables 5 are 3 A blended rope formed by blending single ropes, each single rope is formed by mixing 1:1 vinylon and plastic monofilament, and the diameter of the connecting cable 5 is 4cm. The distance between each row of ecological purification units is 2m.

Described ecological purification unit comprises several fence-shaped breeding cages 4 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and described breeding cages 4 are square breeding cages or cylindrical breeding cages, and are carried out by connecting suspension rope 11 between described breeding cages 4. Connection, the length of the connecting rope 11 is 0.5m. Several floating balls 3 are installed on the top of the breeding cage 4, and the floating balls 3 are inflatable floating balls, and the floating balls 3 are fixedly connected above the breeding cage 4 positioned at the top by a floating ball suspension rope 9. The present invention adjusts the position of the water layer where the breeding cage 4 is located by the number of the float 3, the length of the float sling 9 and the connecting sling 11, so as to satisfy the cultivation of the screened shellfish and the purification of the corresponding water layer. The number and pattern of the ecological purification units and the number and positions of the breeding cages 4 are determined according to the specific sea area pollution conditions.

The edge of the top cover of the culture cage 4 positioned at the top is tethered on the pile 1 by a pile cable 2, and the bottom of the pile 1 is fixed on the seabed. Plastic fishing nets are laid on the bottom and around the sides of the breeding cage 4, and the aperture of the plastic fishing nets is smaller than the shellfish to be cultured, thereby preventing the caged shellfish from escaping. The breeding cage 4 is equipped with a culture substrate 8 for shellfish to attach to, and the culture substrate 8 in the topmost culture cage 4 is fine sand, and the fine sand is used for cultivating clams, Philippine clams, and four-cornered clams. One or more, the diameter of the fine sand is smaller than that of clams, Philippine clams or four-cornered clams; the culture substrate 8 in the culture cage 4 on the lower floor is fine sea mud for cultivating cockles and/or mud cockles.

The bottom of described breeding cage 4 is laid with the bottom cover sieve silk 10 that prevents breeding substrate 8 from leaking out, and the top of described breeding cage 4 is also laid with sealing sieve silk 6, and the surrounding of described breeding cage 4 is also laid with cage sieve silk 7 . The aperture of the bottom cover sieve 10 is 60-100 mesh, the aperture of the sealing sieve 6 is 120-160 mesh, and the aperture of the cage sieve 7 is 120-160 mesh.

A method for using an ecological purification device in a semi-enclosed sea area, comprising the following steps:

(1) According to the species of marine microalgae in the semi-enclosed sea area to be purified and the water layer, shellfish species are screened, and shellfish seedlings are collected for sea area domestication;

(2) Plastic fishing nets are all laid on the bottom and around the breeding cage 4 of the ecological purification device, and the bottom and the top of the breeding cage 4 are respectively laid with a back cover sieve silk 10 and a sealing sieve silk 6, according to the shellfish species that are cultivated. Corresponding cultivation substrate 8, the shellfish domesticated through step (1) is put into corresponding cultivation cage 4, and cultivation cage 4 is arranged to the corresponding water layer of the semi-enclosed sea area that needs to be purified;

(3) detect in time the environmental conditions of the semi-enclosed sea area and the health status of shellfish, and observe the color change of the back cover sieve silk 10 and the culture substrate 8 and the seaweed attachment situation on the back cover sieve silk 10, detect the dead shellfish individual needs Clean up in time;

(4) in the breeding season, cover the surrounding cage sieve silk 7 around the plastic fishing net, which can effectively prevent shellfish larvae such as cockles and clams from leaking out of the culture cage 4, and carry out maintenance and renewal of seedlings such as cockles and clams in time.

Using the ecological purification device of the present invention, through 2 months of test cultivation, as can be seen from Table 1, the dissolved oxygen content in the test cultivation area has been greatly improved compared with the contrast cultivation area, especially the suspended particulate matter is significantly reduced. Therefore It can be concluded that the degradation rate of pollutants is relatively high through the ecological restoration device of the present invention, and water quality can be obviously improved.

Table 1 Comparison results of the indicators in the experimental breeding area and the control area

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (10)

1. An ecological purification device in a semi-enclosed sea area is composed of several ecological purification units, which are arranged in series by connecting cables between the ecological purification units; it is characterized in that: the ecological purification unit includes several from top to bottom Fence-shaped breeding cages arranged in sequence, the breeding cages are connected by connecting slings, several floating balls are installed on the top of the breeding cages, and the edge of the top cover of the breeding cages at the top is passed through pile cables. Tethered on a pile, the bottom of the pile is fixed on the seabed; the bottom and surroundings of the culture cage are covered with plastic fishing nets, and the culture cage is equipped with a culture substrate for shellfish to attach to, and the bottom of the culture cage A bottom cover sieve is laid to prevent the culture medium from leaking out, and a sealing sieve is also laid on the top of the culture cage. 2. The ecological purification device for semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between each row of ecological purification units is 2m. 3. The ecological purification device of the semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the connecting cable is a blended rope that adopts 3 strands of single rope to be blended, and each strand of single rope is made of 1:1 vinylon Twisted with plastic monofilament, the diameter of the connecting cable is 4cm. 4. The ecological purification device for semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the breeding cage is a square breeding cage or a cylindrical breeding cage. 5. The ecological purification device for semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the connecting rope is 0.5m. 6. The ecological purification device in the semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the floating ball is an inflatable floating ball, and the floating ball is fixedly connected to the top of the breeding cage by a floating ball sling. above. 7. The ecological purification device for semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that: cage sieves are laid around the breeding cage. 8. The ecological purification device of semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 7, characterized in that: the aperture of the plastic fishing net is smaller than shellfish; the aperture of the bottom cover sieve is 60-100 mesh; The aperture of the cage is 120-160 mesh; the aperture of the cage sieve is 120-160 mesh. 9. The ecological purification device of the semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 8, characterized in that: the culture substrate positioned in the topmost culture cage is fine sand, and the fine sand is used for cultivating clams, Philippine One or more of clams and four-cornered clams, the diameter of the fine sand is smaller than that of qin clams, Philippine clams or four-cornered clams; sea mud. 10. The ecological purification device of semi-enclosed sea area according to claim 9, characterized in that: the present invention also provides a method for using the ecological purification device of semi-enclosed sea area, comprising the following steps: (1) According to the species of marine microalgae in the semi-enclosed sea area to be purified and the water layer, shellfish species are screened, and shellfish seedlings are collected for sea area domestication; (2) Plastic fishing nets are laid at the bottom and around the breeding cage of the ecological purification device, and the bottom and top of the breeding cage are respectively laid with a bottom sieve and a sealing sieve. , putting the shellfish domesticated through step (1) into corresponding culture cages, and laying the culture cages in the corresponding water layer of the semi-enclosed sea area to be purified; (3) Timely detect the environmental conditions of the semi-enclosed sea area and the health status of the shellfish in the culture cage, and observe the color change of the bottom cover sieve and the culture substrate, as well as the adhesion of seaweed on the bottom cover sieve, and detect dead individual shellfish Need to be cleaned up in time; (4) During the breeding season, cover the cage sieve silk around the plastic fishing net to prevent shellfish larvae from leaking out of the culture cage.