CN1953658A - 抗菌氧化硅薄片 - Google Patents
抗菌氧化硅薄片 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1953658A CN1953658A CN 200580015188 CN200580015188A CN1953658A CN 1953658 A CN1953658 A CN 1953658A CN 200580015188 CN200580015188 CN 200580015188 CN 200580015188 A CN200580015188 A CN 200580015188A CN 1953658 A CN1953658 A CN 1953658A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sio
- thin slice
- parachlorphenol
- methyl
- phenol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 33
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- -1 dimethyl dihydroxymethyl hydantoins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 165
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 126
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- JDZJVWAHZYIHFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].C1(=CC=CC=C1)O Chemical compound [Br].C1(=CC=CC=C1)O JDZJVWAHZYIHFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- FGVVTMRZYROCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-thiol N-oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]1=CC=CC=C1S FGVVTMRZYROCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011145 styrene acrylonitrile resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- PCNMALATRPXTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C)(O)C=C1 PCNMALATRPXTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VMBXJCFQBGYQQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-pentylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1Cl VMBXJCFQBGYQQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OSDLLIBGSJNGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC(C)=C1Cl OSDLLIBGSJNGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HXDOZKJGKXYMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HXDOZKJGKXYMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylparaben Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZCTXEAQXZGPWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidurea Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N(CO)C1NC(=O)NCNC(=O)NC1C(=O)NC(=O)N1CO ZCTXEAQXZGPWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010292 orthophenyl phenol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CITBNDNUEPMTFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(hydroxymethylamino)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].OCNCC([O-])=O CITBNDNUEPMTFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940072107 ascorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BLDFSDCBQJUWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(methylamino)-1,2-diphenylethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(NC)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BLDFSDCBQJUWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940009098 aspartate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- WIBCVGUGRCGRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxygen(2-) 1H-pyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].SC1=NC=CC=C1 WIBCVGUGRCGRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-OLQVQODUSA-N (3ar,7as)-2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MXOAEAUPQDYUQM-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-chlorphenesin Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MXOAEAUPQDYUQM-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JEFSTMHERNSDBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CCC1(C)O JEFSTMHERNSDBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QPVRKFOKCKORDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)(O)CC=C1 QPVRKFOKCKORDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DBHODFSFBXJZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl DBHODFSFBXJZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNLVGFSEHLOUTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)pentanedinitrile Chemical compound BrCC(C#N)CCC#N PNLVGFSEHLOUTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPMBXQJYQZTSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-4-chlorobenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C(O)=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 WPMBXQJYQZTSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RKDMDAVSHRCXQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylbenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 RKDMDAVSHRCXQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DHVLDKHFGIVEIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)pentanedinitrile Chemical compound BrCC(Br)(C#N)CCC#N DHVLDKHFGIVEIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OIYMAXAYTGUUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-3,4-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(Br)=C1C OIYMAXAYTGUUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- COVGKJSMQVFLDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-3-hexylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1Br COVGKJSMQVFLDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CJZPLANJCCGLPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-3-pentylphenol Chemical group C(CCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC=1)O)Br CJZPLANJCCGLPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Br VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UNRRZPJVYQDQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1Cl UNRRZPJVYQDQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NVIHKOLBNJOVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-heptylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1Cl NVIHKOLBNJOVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PFEPQLAKIAJJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-hexylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1Cl PFEPQLAKIAJJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片,其中0.70≤z≤2.0,尤其是0.95≤z≤2.0,包含有机或无机抗菌化合物或组合物,提供强化(长期)抗菌效力。
Description
本发明涉及SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片,其中0.70≤z≤2.0,尤其是0.95≤z≤2.0,尤其是多孔SiO2薄片,它包含有机或无机抗菌化合物或组合物,并提供强化(长期)抗菌效果。
WO03/068868描述了厚度介于20~2000nm的SiO2薄片的生产。该生产涉及由PVD生产SiOy薄片和用含氧气体氧化SiOy以生成SiO2薄片。该SiO2薄片可具有一层或多层金属氧化物和/或金属的层,例如Cr、Ti、Mo、W、Al、Cu、Ag、Au或Ni。另外,描述了颜料,它们可由三层结构SiOy/基材/SiOy(0.95≤y≤1.8)例如通过PVD生产,并随后在含碳气体中加热该三层结构,其中基材是例如熔点大于1000℃的过渡金属,像Mo、Nb、Zr、Ti、Hf和W。
WO2004020530涉及一种包含有光泽颜料的美容和个人护理制剂或配制物,该颜料包含(a1)由基本透明或金属反光材料组成的芯,和(a2)基本上由一种或多种氧化硅组成的至少一种涂层,其氧与硅的摩尔比平均为0.03~0.95。该金属反光材料选自Ag、Al、Au、Cu、Cr、Ge、Mo、Ni、Si、Ti、Zn或其合金。
WO2004/035684描述了平面平行颜料,具有SiOx芯(0.03≤x≤0.95)、一个SiOz层(0.95≤y≤2.0)和包括金属或其合金的层DM。该金属选自Ag、Al、Au、Cu、Co、Cr、Fe、Ge、Mo、Nb、Ni、Si、Ti、V或其合金。
WO03/106569涉及平面平行颜料,包含硅/氧化硅层,可通过在高于400℃的温度在无氧气氛中加热SiOy层获得,其中0.70≤y≤1.8,包含
(a)硅/氧化硅基材层,可通过在高于400℃的温度在无氧气氛中加热SiOy层获得,其中0.70≤y≤1.8,
半透明金属层。适合半透明金属层的金属是例如Cr、Ti、Mo、W、Al、Cu、Ag、Au或Ni。
EP0960911涉及颜料混合物,包含(a)二氧化硅(SiO2)薄片,涂有金属氧化物和/或金属,以及(b)片状、针状或球形颗粒形式的着色剂或填料。该金属选自Cr、Ti、Mo、W、Al、Cu、Ag、Au或Ni。
WO2004/065295(按照Art.54(3)和(4)EPC的现有技术)描述一种生产多孔SiOz薄片的方法(0.70≤z≤2.0)。该SiOz薄片用于负载催化剂金属,如铜或镍基重整催化剂或铃木(Suzuki)反应用的钯基催化剂似乎是理想的。这些颗粒具有非常高的表面积(~700m2/g),和纳米级(2~50nm)孔隙。
JP3081209公开了薄膜透明度优异的抗菌剂,即便将它们与合成树脂薄膜掺混对薄膜的透明度也没有任何不利影响,能以各种不同成分掺混并表现出对多种多样细菌如大肠杆菌的抗菌效果,这是通过将抗菌金属负载在细粉末状二氧化硅上实现的。该抗菌剂是通过将1~15wt%,优选2~10wt%抗菌金属,例如银、铜、锌、汞、铅、铋、镉、铬或铊以盐的形式负载在细粉末状二氧化硅上获得的。所有实施例都涉及一种包括将金属盐浸渍到二氧化硅中并过滤的方法。未提及加入还原剂。
JP1268764公开了一种粉末,它是通过将抗菌金属(例如金属铜)负载在主要由选自Al、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Fe、Mg、Pb、Si、Sb或Zn中至少一种元素组成的无机或增量剂颜料(例如氧化锌或磁铁矿)的颗粒表面上获得的。
许多金属离子已证明具有抗菌活性,包括银、铜、锌、汞、锡、铅、铋、镉、铬和铊离子。理论上,一旦被吸收到细菌或真菌细胞内,这些抗菌金属离子便通过破坏其呼吸和电子传递体系发挥其作用。曾将银离子浸渍到医疗植入物表面内,如在美国专利5,474,797中描述的。银离子也曾被掺混到导管中,如在美国专利5,520,664中描述的。然而,这些专利中所描述的产品不具有长期抗菌效果,因为在银离子涂层上通常形成钝化层。该层降低了银离子从产品中的释放速率,导致抗菌效力的下降。
抗菌沸石可通过用抗菌金属离子全部或部分地取代沸石内的可离子交换离子来制备,如在美国专利4,011,898;4,938,955;4,906,464;和4,775,585中描述的。加入了抗菌沸石的聚合物已被用于制造冰箱、洗碗机、电饭锅、塑料膜、砧板、真空瓶、塑料桶和垃圾箱。加入了抗菌沸石的其它材料包括地板、壁纸、布、漆、餐巾、塑料汽车零件、自行车、钢笔、玩具、沙子和混凝土。此类用途的例子描述在美国专利5,714,445、5,697,203、5,562,872、5,180,585、5,714,430和5,102,401中。美国专利5,305,827描述了一种热交换器用抗菌亲水涂料。该涂料包括氧化银,以抑制微生物生长并改善对热交换器的传热表面的附着力。然而,此种涂层表现出严重变色,并且抗菌效力一般维持3天或更短。
日本专利申请号03347710涉及包含合成纤维和亲水纤维的非织造织物绷带。合成纤维包含与银、铜或锌离子进行过离子交换处理的沸石。
美国专利4,923,450公开了沸石在本体材料中的掺混。然而,当沸石按传统方式配混到聚合物中时,沸石常常聚集,导致沸石在聚合物中的不良分散。当此种材料模塑或挤出时,聚合物表面常常起泡而不是平坦的。沸石的不良分散也可能导致聚合物本体性能的改变,例如抗张强度的下降。美国专利4,938,958描述了抗菌沸石,其中沸石中的一部分可离子交换的离子被铵取代。这得到表现出减轻变色的产品。
无机颗粒,例如钛、铝、锌和铜的氧化物可涂以提供抗菌性能的组合物,例如通过释放抗菌金属离子如银离子,描述在例如US-B-6,444,726中。包含抗菌金属离子如银的无机可溶性玻璃颗粒被描述在例如美国专利5,766,611和5,290,544中。
综上所述,本发明的目的是提供具有高抗菌活性的抗菌颗粒。
所述目的已由SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片解决,其中0.70≤z≤2.0,尤其是0.95≤z≤2.0,它包含有机或无机抗菌化合物或组合物。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片是有用的,因为它们安全,若使用生物相容的抗菌金属的话,并且对活体具有良好的亲和性,可用于食品、活体材料、化妆品、纤维、纤维素、涂料、塑料、过滤器、吸水聚合物等凡需要抗菌性能的。
术语“SiOz,其中0.70≤z≤2.0”是指氧化硅基材的氧与硅的摩尔比的平均值介于0.70~2.0。氧化硅基材的组成可通过ESCA(化学分析用电子能谱法)确定。氧化硅基材的硅与氧的化学计量比可通过RBS(卢瑟福背散射)确定。
“抗菌金属”是其离子具有抗菌效应并且优选是生物相容的金属。优选的生物相容抗菌金属包括Ag、Au、Pt、Pd、Ir(即贵金属)、Sn、Cu、Sb、Bi和Zn,最优选Ag。
“抗菌效应”是指抑制细菌(或其它微生物)的生长或杀灭微生物。
术语“包含银”包括银与其它金属如锌、铜和锆的组合。
按照本发明,术语“包含抗菌化合物或组合物的SiOz薄片”包括(多孔)SiOz薄片的整个表面被抗菌化合物或组合物覆盖,多孔SiOz薄片的孔隙或部分孔隙内充填有抗菌化合物或组合物,和/或(多孔)SiOz薄片在个别点被抗菌化合物或组合物涂覆。后两种选择比第一种选择更优选。在一种优选的实施方案中,多孔SiOz薄片的孔隙或部分孔隙中充填有抗菌化合物或组合物。由于SiOz薄片的孔隙尺寸可通过多孔SiOz薄片的生产方法控制在约1~约50nm,尤其是约2~约20nm的范围内,因此例如可能产生在SiOz薄片孔隙内的纳米尺寸金属颗粒。在本发明另一种优选的实施方案中,粒度介于1~50nm,尤其是2~20nm范围的抗菌化合物如银的单个颗粒被键合在抗菌(多孔)SiOz薄片的表面。因此,优选这样的抗菌薄片,它包含粒度在1~50nm,尤其是2~20nm范围的抗菌金属如银的单个颗粒。
本发明采用的层状(平面平行)SiOz结构(SiOz薄片),尤其是多孔SiOz薄片长1μm~5mm,宽1μm~2mm,厚20nm~1.5μm,并且长/宽比至少是2∶1,颗粒具有2个基本上平行的面,二者之间的距离是颗粒的最短轴。多孔SiOz薄片是中孔材料,即孔隙宽度介于约1~约50nm,尤其是2~20nm。孔隙以三维方式无规地相连。于是,当用作载体时,可以避免经常发生在具有二维排列孔隙的SiO2薄片中的通路堵塞。多孔SiOz薄片的比表面积取决于孔隙度,并介于约400m2/g~1000m2/g以上。优选多孔SiOz薄片的比表面积大于500m2/g,尤其是大于600m2/g。BET比表面积按照DIN 66131或DIN 66132(R.Haul和G.Dümbgen,Chem.-Ing.-Techn.32(1960)349和35(1063)586)使用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller方法(J.Am.Chem.Soc.60(1938)309)确定。
SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片的形状是不一致的。但是,为简单计,将称薄片是具有“直径”的。SiOz薄片具有平面平行性和规定厚度的±10%范围内的厚度,尤其是在平均厚度的±5%范围内。SiOz薄片的厚度介于20~2000nm,尤其是100~500nm。目前优选的是,薄片的直径在约1~60μm的优选范围内,更优选约5~40μm范围,最优选在约5~20μm范围内。于是,本发明薄片的纵横比介于约2.5~625的优选范围内,更优选约50~250范围内。
下面将基于多孔SiOz薄片来更详细地说明本发明,但是本发明不限于此。可按照WO04/035693描述的方法制备的无孔SiOz薄片也是合适的。
多孔SiOz薄片可采用在WO 2004/065295中描述的方法获得。所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)将分离剂气相沉积在载体上以生成分离剂层,
b)同时将SiOy和分离剂气相沉积分离剂层(a)上,
c)分离SiOy与分离剂,其中0.70≤y≤1.80。
层状材料可通过仅改变以下2个工艺参数以各种各样可区分和可重复的变化方式生产:SiOy和分离剂的混合层厚度以及在混合层中包含的SiOy数量。
术语“SiOy,其中0.70≤y≤1.80”是指氧化硅层的氧与硅的摩尔比平均值介于0.70~1.80。氧化硅层的组成可通过ESCA(化学分析用电子能谱法)确定。氧化硅层的硅与氧的化学计量比可通过RBS(卢瑟福背散射)确定。
在步骤a)中,气相沉积到载体上去的分离剂可以是漆(表面涂层)、聚合物,例如(热塑性)聚合物,特别是丙烯酰基-或苯乙烯聚合物或其混合物,如在US-B-6,398,999中描述的,可溶于有机溶剂或水并可在真空中蒸发的有机物,例如蒽、蒽醌、乙酰氨基苯酚、乙酰基水扬酸、樟脑酸酐、苯并咪唑、苯-1,2,4-三甲酸、联苯-2,2-二甲酸、双(4-羟苯基)砜、二羟基蒽醌、乙内酰脲、3-羟基苯甲酸、8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸一水合物、4-羟基香豆素、7-羟基香豆素、3-羟基萘-2-甲酸、间苯二甲酸、4,4-亚甲基-双-3-羟基萘-2-甲酸、萘-1,8-二甲酸酐、邻苯二甲酰亚胺及其钾盐、酚酞、吩噻嗪、糖精及其盐、四苯甲烷、苯并[9,10]菲、三苯甲醇或者这些物质中至少2种的混合物。这些分离剂可替代地是可溶于水并可在真空中蒸发的无机盐(参见例如DE 198 44 357),例如氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化锂、氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化锂、氟化钙、氟化钠铝和四硼酸二钠。
具体地说,盐,例如NaCl,随后接着是硅的低价氧化物(SiOy)和分离剂,尤其是NaCl或有机分离剂的层,被气相沉积到载体上,该载体可以是被蒸发器在<0.5MPa的真空下送过的连续金属带。
硅的低价氧化物(SiOy)与分离剂的混合层由2种明显不同的蒸发器气相沉积,每种蒸发器各自装有2种材料之一并且二者的蒸汽流重叠,其中分离剂在混合层中的含量是1~60wt%,以混合层总重量为基准计。
盐气相沉积的厚度介于约20nm~100nm,尤其是30~60nm,混合层的厚度介于20~2000nm,尤其是50~500nm,取决于对产品预期的特性。
将载体浸没在溶解浴(水)中。借助机械帮助,分离剂层被迅速溶解,并且产物层破碎为薄片,后者随后以悬浮物的形式存在于溶剂中。多孔氧化硅薄片可有利地采用在US-B-6,270,840中描述的设备生产。
那么在两种情况中都存在悬浮物,包含产物结构和溶剂,以及溶解于其中的分离剂,随后在进一步的操作中按照公知的技术进行分离。为此目的,产物结构首先在液体中被浓缩,并用新鲜溶剂清洗几遍以便洗掉溶解的分离剂。产物,依旧呈潮湿的固体状,随后通过过滤、沉降、离心、滗析或蒸发而分离出来。
优选由在蒸发器中产生的一氧化硅蒸汽通过Si和SiO2的混合物在高于1300℃的温度下的反应形成SiO1.00~1.8的层。
优选通过含硅最高20wt%的一氧化硅的蒸发在高于1300℃的温度生成SiO0.70~0.99的层。
图1是本申请的实施例1中使用的多孔SiOz(z≈1.4~1.6)薄片的TEM(透射电子显微镜)的显微照片。该TEM显微照片显示,SiOz薄片的孔隙尺寸在约4nm范围。
z>1的多孔SiOz的生产可通过在蒸发期间提供附加氧来实现。为此目的,可给真空室配备一个气体进口,通过该进口可将真空室内的氧分压控制在恒定数值。
替代地,在干燥后,可对产物实施氧化热处理。为此目的的公知方法是现成的。空气或某些其它含氧气体在高于200℃,优选高于400℃,尤其是500~1000℃的温度通过呈疏松材料形式或者在流化床中的SiOy的平面平行结构,其中y视气相沉积条件而定,从0.70,尤其是1到约1.8。几个小时后,所有的结构都将被氧化成为SiOz。随后,可借助研磨或空气筛分使产物达到所要求的粒度,其中薄膜碎片粉碎到颜料粒度的过程例如可借助超声波或借助采用高速搅拌机的机械手段在液体介质中,或者在碎片干燥后在具有旋转分级器的空气喷射磨中实施。
替代地,在干燥后,多孔SiOy颗粒可按照WO03/106569在无氧气氛,即氩气或氦气气氛中,或者在低于13Pa(10-1托)的真空中,在高于400℃,尤其是400~1100℃的温度下进行加热,由此可以获得包含Si纳米颗粒的多孔氧化硅薄片。
据认为,通过在无氧气氛中加热SiOy颗粒,SiOy歧化为SiO2和Si:
SiOy→(y/y+a)SiOy+a+(1-y/y+a)Si
在该歧化反应中,生成含有(1-(y/y+a))Si的多孔SiOy+a薄片,其中0.70≤y≤1.8,尤其是0.70≤y≤0.99或1≤y≤1.8,0.05≤a≤1.30,并且y与a之和等于或小于2。SiOy+a是富氧的硅低价氧化物。
SiOy→(y/2)SiO2+(1-(y/2))Si
多孔SiOz薄片须具有50nm的最低厚度才能加工。最大厚度取决于所要求的用途,但一般介于150~500nm范围。薄片的孔隙度介于5~85%。
多孔SiOz薄片包含有机或无机抗菌化合物或组合物。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,抗菌化合物或组合物是有机抗菌化合物或组合物。抗菌化合物的例子是二甲基二羟甲基乙内酰脲(Glydan)、甲基氯代异噻唑啉酮/甲基异噻唑啉酮(Kathon CG)、咪唑烷基脲(Germall 115)、二唑烷基(diazolidinyl)脲(Germaill)、苄醇、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇(Bronopol)、福尔马林(甲醛)、丁基氨基甲酸碘代丙烯酯(Polyphase P100)、氯代乙酰胺、甲胺、甲基二溴腈戊二腈(1,2-二溴-2,4-二氰基丁烷或Tektamer)、戊二醛、5-溴-5-硝基-1,3-二烷(Bronidox)、苯乙醇、邻苯基苯酚/邻苯基苯酚钠、羟甲基甘氨酸钠(Suttocide A)、聚甲氧基双环唑烷(Nuosept C)、二甲克生(dimethoxane)、硫柳汞(thimersal)、二氯苄醇、克菌丹、氯苯甘醚、双氯酚、氯丁醇、月桂酸甘油酯、卤化二苯基醚、2,4,4’-三氯-2’-羟基-二苯基醚(Triclosn或TCS)、4,4’-二氯-2’-羟基二苯基醚、2,2’-二羟基-5,5’-二溴-二苯基醚、酚类化合物、苯酚、2-甲基苯酚、3-甲基苯酚、4-甲基苯酚、4-乙基苯酚、2,4-二甲基苯酚、2,5-二甲基苯酚、3,4-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二甲基苯酚、4-正丙基苯酚、4-正丁基苯酚、4-正戊基苯酚、4-叔戊基苯酚、4-正己基苯酚、4-正庚基苯酚、单-和多-烷基和芳族卤代苯酚、对氯酚、甲基对氯酚、乙基对氯酚、正丙基对氯酚、正丁基对氯酚、正戊基对氯酚、仲戊基对氯酚、环己基对氯酚、正庚基对氯酚、正辛基对氯酚、邻氯酚、甲基邻氯酚、乙基邻氯酚、正丙基邻氯酚、正丁基邻氯酚、正戊基邻氯酚、叔戊基邻氯酚、正己基邻氯酚、正庚基邻氯酚、邻苄基对氯酚、邻苄基-间甲基对氯酚、邻苄基-间,间-二甲基对氯酚、邻苯乙基对氯酚、邻苯乙基-间甲基对氯酚、3-甲基对氯酚、3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-乙基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-正丙基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-异丙基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-乙基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-仲丁基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-异丙基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-二乙基甲基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-异丙基-2-乙基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-仲戊基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、2-二乙基甲基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-仲辛基-3-甲基对氯酚、对氯-间-甲酚、对溴酚、甲基对溴酚、乙基对溴酚、正丙基对溴酚、正丁基对溴酚、正戊基对溴酚、仲戊基对溴酚、正己基对溴酚、环己基对溴酚、邻溴酚、叔戊基邻溴酚、正己基邻溴酚、正丙基-间,间-二甲基邻溴酚、2-苯基酚、4-氯-2-甲基酚、4-氯-3-甲基酚、4-氯-3,5-二甲基酚、2,4-二氯-3,5-二甲基酚、3,4,5,6-四溴-2-甲基酚、5-甲基-2-戊基酚、4-异丙基-3-甲基酚、对氯-间二甲酚(pcmx)、氯代百里酚、苯氧基乙醇、苯氧基异丙醇、5-氯-2-羟基二苯甲烷、间苯二酚及其衍生物、间苯二酚、甲基间苯二酚、乙基间苯二酚、正丙基间苯二酚、正丁基间苯二酚、正戊基间苯二酚、正己基间苯二酚、正庚基间苯二酚、正辛基间苯二酚、正壬基间苯二酚、苯基间苯二酚、苄基间苯二酚、苯乙基间苯二酚、苯丙基间苯二酚、对氯苄基间苯二酚、5-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、4’-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、5-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、4’-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、双酚化合物、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-氯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(3,4,6-三氯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-氯-6-溴酚)、双(2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基)硫醚、双(2-羟基-5-氯苄基)硫醚、苯甲酸酯(对羟基苯甲酸酯类)、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸苄酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠盐、卤代对称二苯脲、3,4,4’-三氯对称二苯脲(Triclosarban或TCC)、3-氟甲基-4,4’-二氯对称二苯脲、3,3’,4-三氯对称二苯脲、洗必泰及其二葡萄糖酸盐、二乙酸盐和二盐酸盐、十一碳烯酸、海克替啶和聚(六亚甲基双胍)盐酸盐(Cosmocil)。抗真菌剂选自例如塞奈普汀、10,10’-氧基双苯氧基胂、戊唑醇、托萘酯、双(2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧化物)锌、2-正辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、4,5-二氯-辛基-4-异噻唑啉、N-丁基苯并异噻唑啉、3-碘代-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯、甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基氨基甲酸酯及其混合物。
向SiOz薄片孔隙内掺入抗菌化合物或组合物可借助扩散、沉淀、共价键合和/或离子交换来实现。
包含有机抗菌化合物的SiOz薄片可通过包括以下步骤的方法得到:
a)将SiOz薄片分散在有机抗菌化合物的溶液中,将SiOz薄片加入到有机抗菌化合物的溶液中或者将有机抗菌化合物加入到SiOz薄片的分散体中,
b)任选地使有机抗菌化合物沉淀到SiOz薄片表面上,以及
c)分离包含有机抗菌化合物的SiOz薄片。
优选包括以下步骤的方法:
a)将SiOz薄片加入到有机抗菌化合物的溶液中,
b)任选地使有机抗菌化合物沉淀到SiOz薄片表面上,以及
c)随后分离包含有机抗菌化合物的SiOz薄片。
有利的是,该过程是这样的,首先将有机抗菌化合物溶解在合适的溶剂(I)中,随后将SiOz薄片分散到所得溶液中。然而,也可能的是,反之亦然,首先将SiOz薄片分散在溶剂(I)中,随后加入并溶解有机抗菌化合物。
可与第一溶剂混溶并且使有机抗菌化合物的溶解度降低到使它完全或几乎完全沉积到基材上去的程度的任何溶剂都适合作为溶剂(II)。在此种情况中,不论无机溶剂还是有机溶剂皆在考虑之列。涂布的基材的分离可随后以传统方式通过过滤、洗涤和干燥来实施。
在本发明的另一种实施方案中,抗菌化合物或组合物包含抗菌金属盐。所述金属盐包含选自族I(A,B)、II(A,B)、III A、IV(A,B)、VI B、VIII、稀土化合物及其组合的金属。更优选的是,金属盐包括选自Mn、Ag、Au、Zn、Sn、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni、Co、Ti、Zr、Cr、La、Bi、K、Cd、Yb、Dy、Nd、Ce、Tl、Pr及其组合的金属的盐。更加优选的是,金属盐包括选自Mn、Ag、Au、Zn、Sn、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni、Co、Ti、Zr、Cr、La及其组合的金属的盐。最优选的是,金属盐包括选自Ag、Au、Cu、Zn及其组合的金属的盐。
更具体地说,金属盐包括但不限于金属螯合物及盐,像双组氨酸络合物、溴化物、硫酸软骨素、铬铁矿、氰化物、吡啶二羧酸盐、己酸乙酯、甘油根络合物、甲醇盐、聚膦酸盐、对苯酚磺酸盐、高氯酸盐、苯酚磺酸盐、硒化物、硬脂酸盐、硫氰酸盐、三聚磷酸盐、钨酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸盐、对氨基苯甲酸盐、对二甲氨基苯甲酸盐、氢氧化物、对甲氧基肉桂酸盐、环烷酸盐、硬脂酸盐、癸酸盐、月桂酸盐、肉豆蔻酸盐、棕榈酸盐、油酸盐、吡啶甲酸盐、2-巯基吡啶氧化物、氟化物、天门冬氨酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、碘化物、氧化物、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、硫化物、巯基吡啶氧化物(例如2-巯基吡啶氧化锌)、烟酸盐和烟酸酰胺、扁柏酚、乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、氯化物、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、戊二酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、丙二酸盐、水扬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、十一烷酸盐及其组合。
更优选的是,金属盐选自磷酸盐、碳酸盐、对氨基苯甲酸盐、对二甲氨基苯甲酸盐、氢氧化物、对甲氧基肉桂酸盐、环烷酸盐、硬脂酸盐、癸酸盐、月桂酸盐、肉豆蔻酸盐、棕榈酸盐、油酸盐、吡啶甲酸盐、2-巯基吡啶氧化物、氟化物、天门冬氨酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、碘化物、氧化物、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、硫化物、巯基吡啶-氧化物(例如2-巯基吡啶氧化锌)、烟酸盐和烟酸酰胺、扁柏酚、乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、氯化物、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、戊二酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、丙二酸盐、水扬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、十一烷酸盐及其组合。
更加优选的是,金属盐选自氟化物、天门冬氨酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、碘化物、氧化物、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、硫化物、巯基吡啶-氧化物(例如2-巯基吡啶氧化锌)、烟酸盐和烟酸酰胺、扁柏酚、乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、氯化物、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、戊二酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、丙二酸盐、水扬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、十一烷酸盐及其组合。
更进一步优选的是,金属盐及其络合物是:乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、氯化物、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、戊二酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、丙二酸盐、水扬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、十一烷酸盐及其组合。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及包含苯甲酸类似物的金属盐的SiOz薄片。
优选的苯甲酸类似物包括具有以下结构的那些,
其中R1、R2、R4和R5独立地选自H、OH、F、I、Br、Cl、SH、NH2、CN、烷基、烷氧基、NR2、OR、NO2、COR、CONR2、CO2R、SO3R’;R3独立地选自H、OH、F、I、Br、Cl、SH、CN、烷基、烷氧基、OR、NO2、COR、CONR2、CO2R、SO3R;其中R独立地选自H、烷基和芳烷基基团并且R’是R或NR2。
合适的烷基基团包括饱和或不饱和、线型或支化链,取代或未取代的烷基基团,优选C1~C4-,更优选C1~C3-,最优选C1~C2烷基基团(优选CH3或C2H5)。取代的烷基的非限制性例子是CH2CO2R、CH2OR、CH2OR、CH2COR和CH2NR2,其中R的定义如上。
合适的芳烷基基团包括取代或未取代的芳烷基基团,优选苄基,其可以被一个或多个C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基基团取代。
合适的烷氧基基团包括饱和或不饱和、线型或支化链,取代或未取代的烷氧基基团,优选C1~C4-,更优选C1~C3-,最优选C1~C2烷氧基基团(优选CH3或C2H5)。
优选的卤素选自I、Br和Cl。
优选的苯甲酸类似物是这样的类似物,其中R1、R2、R4和R5独立地选自H、羟基、氨基、二乙氨基、二甲氨基、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、乙氧基、甲氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、C(O)CH3、C(O)C3H7、C(O)C4H8、CO2CH3、CO2C3H7、CH2OCH3、CH2OC3H7、COOH、氯、氟、溴、三氟甲基、硝基和氰基。R3选自H、羟基、二乙氨基、二甲氨基、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、乙氧基、甲氧基、丙基、丙氧基、丁氧基、C(O)CH3、C(O)C3H7、C(O)C4H8、CO2CH3、CO2C3H7、CH2OH、CH2OCH3、CH2OC3H7、COOH、氯、氟、溴、三氟甲基、硝基和氰基。
这些苯甲酸类似物的例子选自苯甲酸、水扬酸、2-硝基苯甲酸、硫代水扬酸、2,6-二羟基苯甲酸、3-羟基苯甲酸、5-硝基水扬酸、5-溴代水扬酸、5-碘代水扬酸、5-氟代水扬酸、3-氯代水扬酸、4-氯代水扬酸、5-氯代水扬酸、邻苯二甲酸及其组合。
最优选的是,苯甲酸类似物选自水扬酸、苯甲酸及其组合。
金属离子和对应阴离子的选择取决于特定用途。特别是银、金、铜和锌的抗菌金属离子被认为是安全的,即便用于体内应用。抗菌银离子对于体内使用特别有用,因为它们基本上不吸收入体内。此类盐包括乙酸银、苯甲酸银、碳酸银、碘酸银(silver ionate)、碘化银、乳酸银、月桂酸银、氧化银、棕榈酸银、银蛋白和磺胺嘧啶银。
在另一种优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及包含四氧化四银,即银(I,III)氧化物及其衍生物,尤其是四氧化四银(Ag4O4)的SiOz薄片。
含四氧化四银的多孔SiOz薄片可通过包括下列步骤的方法获得:
a)提供含水溶性银盐如硝酸银的水溶液;
b)使所述SiOz薄片与所述溶液接触一段足以用所述溶液均匀地润湿所述SiOz薄片的时间;
c)将所述润湿的SiOz薄片浸没在含有第二水溶液的浴中,该水溶液含有强碱,例如氢氧化钠,和水溶性氧化剂,例如过硫酸钠,并加热所述浴一段足以使四氧化四银沉淀在所述SiOz薄片上的时间;以及
d)从所述浴中除去所述SiOz薄片。
随后可以传统方式通过过滤、洗涤和干燥进行涂布基材分离。
在本发明特别优选的实施方案中,抗菌化合物或组合物包含金属,尤其是选自Mn、Ag、Zn、Sn、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni、Co、Ti、Zr、Cr、La、Bi、K、Cd、Yb、Dy、Nd、Ce、Tl、Pr及其组合的金属,更尤其选自银、金、铜、锌及其组合。
含有金属的SiOz薄片可按照以下步骤获得:
a)将SiOz薄片悬浮在溶剂中,
b)向该溶液中加入溶剂可溶性抗菌金属盐以及任选地还原剂,
c)分离含金属的SiOz薄片。
替代地,SiOz薄片可加入到金属盐的溶液中,并可任选地向该溶液中加入还原剂。随后,可按照传统方式通过过滤、洗涤和干燥达到涂布了的基材的分离。
替代地,含金属SiOz薄片可采用WO2004/065295中描述的方法获得。所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)将分离剂气相沉积到载体上以生成分离剂层,
b)同时将SiOy和金属,尤其是银气相沉积在分离剂层(a)上,
c)分离SiOy与分离剂,其中0.70≤y≤1.80。然而,所述方法不那么优选,而本发明抗菌SiOz薄片优选通过湿化学涂布方法获得。
下面将更详细地解释制备含抗菌金属的SiOz薄片的方法,尤其是基于以银为金属的情况:
将SiOz薄片在金属化合物的存在下悬浮在含水和/或含有机溶剂的介质中,并且如果SiOz薄片本身不起还原剂作用的话,则通过加入还原剂使金属化合物沉积到基材上去,或者使用多孔SiO2薄片作为基材。金属化合物是例如硝酸银、氯化铜、氯化钯、乙酸镍或乙酰丙酮酸镍。氯化镍可用作金属化合物,而次磷酸盐则可作为还原剂使用。在硝酸银的情况下,以下化合物可用作还原剂:醛类(甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛)、酮类(丙酮)、碳酸及其盐(酒石酸、抗坏血酸)、还原酮类(异抗坏血酸、丙糖还原酮、还原(reductine)酸和还原糖(葡萄糖)。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,金属化合物是例如氯化铜、氯化钯或乙酸镍。在所述实施方案中,金属化合物被悬浮在水/或有机溶剂,尤其是水中,并且在搅拌下加入金属盐的溶液。随后,悬浮物任选地加热最高至溶剂的沸点达1h~2天。还原剂,优选肼或者NaBH4,加入到冷却的悬浮物中。悬浮物任选地加热最高至溶剂的沸点达1h~2天。获得的SiOz薄片用水和/或另一种溶剂,例如C1~C4醇,尤其是甲醇或乙醇,充分洗涤,然后进行干燥。SiOz薄片优选在105℃~115℃的温度在常压下,或者在10℃~90℃的温度在减压下(1~30托)进行干燥。随后,获得的SiOz薄片可在200~800℃,尤其是200~600℃进行煅烧,此时可获得无色金属涂布的SiOz薄片。虽然本发明不包括通过在5mL二甲苯中在剧烈搅拌下加热SiO2薄片和[(C6H4CH2NMe2-2)Pd(OAc)(PPh3)]并加热回流2h所获得的多孔SiO2薄片(BET 750m2/g),但是包括将它们作为抗菌剂的应用。
在本发明特别优选的实施方案中,SiOz薄片包含硅和/或硅的低价氧化物,即存在硅-硅键,并且其本身就起还原剂的作用,即z<2,尤其是1≤z≤1.8,非常尤其是1.4≤z≤1.8。在所述实施方案中,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片可这样获得:使多孔SiOz薄片与前面制备的水性和/或有机溶剂,尤其是含阴离子和抗菌金属离子如银、铜和锌离子的醇溶液进行接触,以引起金属向多孔SiOz薄片的孔隙内或多孔SiOz薄片或无孔SiOz薄片的表面上的沉积。这些离子之间的接触可按照间歇技术或者按照连续技术(例如塔法)在-114℃~70℃的温度,优选-70℃~30℃进行1h~8天,尤其是1h~2天,非常尤其是1~12h,任选地在惰性气体如氮气或氩气的气氛中。例如可以列举的银离子源为例如硝酸银、硫酸银、高氯酸银、乙酸银和硝酸二胺合银;铜离子源为例如硝酸铜(II)、硫酸铜、高氯酸铜、乙酸铜、四氰化铜钾;以及锌离子源为例如硝酸锌(II)、硫酸锌、高氯酸锌、乙酸锌和硫氰酸锌。在硝酸银的情况下,银离子被(多孔)SiOz薄片中存在的硅和/或硅的低价氧化物还原为银,借此在SiOz薄片的孔隙内或表面上形成银纳米颗粒,其粒度介于1~50nm,尤其是1~20nm,非常尤其是2~10nm。所述银纳米颗粒具有极强杀菌效力;宽抗菌谱;高灭菌作用,尤其是在与水接触期间;没有毒性也没有刺激。如果以上的反应在低于30℃,尤其是低于-20℃,非常尤其是在-40℃~-60℃实施,并且获得的SiOz薄片随后在200~600℃煅烧,并可获得无色银涂布的SiOz薄片,它尤其适合用于要求透明银涂布的SiOz薄片的场合,例如隐形眼镜。在本发明的所述方面,多孔SiOz薄片的孔隙尺寸,或者换句话说,银纳米颗粒的粒度介于1~20nm,尤其是2~10nm范围内。
术语粒度介于1nm~50nm的银纳米颗粒一般是指至少80%,尤其是95%的银纳米颗粒的粒度在1nm~50nm范围内,其中至少50%的银纳米颗粒的粒度优选介于1nm~20nm范围。最优选的是,至少50%的颗粒的粒度介于2~10nm范围。通过测量银纳米颗粒的最大尺寸(例如长度)来确定粒度。粒度是通过电子显微照片或者采用Fraunhofer衍射仪的激光衍射图形确定的。
金属,例如银,在SiOz薄片中的含量一般介于0.001~20.0wt%,尤其是0.01~10wt%,非常尤其是0.1~5.0wt%。
金属,例如银,在SiOz薄片中的含量可通过调节每个离子种(或盐)在所述混合水溶液中的浓度来恰当地控制。例如,如果本发明的抗菌SiOz薄片包含硝酸根和银离子,则银离子含量介于0.1~5%的抗菌SiOz薄片可通过使SiOz薄片与银离子浓度介于0.0001M/l~0.5M/l,尤其是0.01M/l~0.1M/l的硝酸银水溶液或硝酸银在C1~C4醇,尤其是甲醇或乙醇中的溶液进行接触而恰当地获得。
替代地,包含不同抗菌金属的抗菌SiOz薄片可分别采用各自含有单一不同金属离子种(或盐)的水性和/或醇溶液并使SiOz薄片与每一种溶液逐一接触而制备。
如此处理过的SiOz薄片以水和/或其它溶剂,像C1~C4醇,尤其是甲醇或乙醇进行充分洗涤,随后干燥。SiOz薄片优选在105℃~115℃的温度在常压下或在10℃~90℃在减压下(1~30托)进行干燥。任选地,随后SiOz薄片可在200~600℃进行煅烧。在含银纳米颗粒的多孔SiOz薄片的情况下,煅烧可能导致银纳米颗粒的粒度的下降,而在含银纳米颗粒的无孔SiOz薄片的情况下,煅烧则可导致银纳米颗粒的附聚。据认为,在煅烧期间,多孔SiOz薄片表面上存在的银由于毛细管作用而迁移到多孔SiOz薄片的孔隙内。
抗菌无孔SiOz薄片可按照类似方式获得。术语“SiOz薄片”通常包括“无孔SiOz薄片”以及“多孔SiOz薄片”。然而,多孔SiOz薄片比无孔SiOz薄片更为优选。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片可用于必须抑制微生物如一般细菌、真菌和藻类生长和繁殖的任何领域。
因此,本发明另一个方面涉及包含上述抗菌SiOz薄片的抗菌产品或组合物。
例如在水体系领域,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片可在水净化器、冷却塔的水和各种冷却水中用作抗菌和抗藻剂。
同样特别令人感兴趣的是抗菌SiOz薄片用于热塑性或热固性涂料中的应用。
待涂布基材包括木材、陶瓷材料、金属、塑料或被有机材料涂布或沾污的制品。
基料原则上可以是任何在工业上惯用的基料,例如在Ullmann’sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第5版,卷A18,368~426页,VCH,Weinheim 1991中描述的那些。一般而言,它是基于热塑性或热固性树脂,大多为热固性树脂,的成膜基料。其例子是醇酸清漆、丙烯酸类、聚酯、酚醛、蜜胺、环氧和/或聚氨酯树脂及其混合物。
基料可以是可冷固化或热固化的基料;固化催化剂的加入可能是有利的。能加速基料固化的合适的催化剂描述在例如Ullmann’sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,卷A18,469页,VCH出版社,Weinheim 1991中。
优选其中基料包含官能丙烯酸酯树脂和交联剂的涂料组合物。
包含特定基料的涂料组合物的例子是:
1.漆,基于可冷-或热-交联的醇酸清漆、丙烯酸酯、聚酯、环氧或蜜胺树脂或此类树脂的混合物,要求的话,外加固化催化剂;
2.双组分聚氨酯漆,基于含羟基丙烯酸酯、聚酯或聚醚树脂和脂族或芳族异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯;
3.双组分聚氨酯漆,基于含硫醇丙烯酸酯、聚酯或聚醚树脂和脂族或芳族异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯;
4.单组分聚氨酯漆,基于封端异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯,烘烤期间将发生脱保护,要求的话外加蜜胺树脂;
5.单组分聚氨酯漆,基于脂族或芳族氨基甲酸酯或聚氨酯和含羟基丙烯酸酯、聚酯或聚醚树脂;
6.单组分聚氨酯漆,基于脂族或芳族氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,具有在氨基甲酸酯结构内的游离氨基基团以及蜜胺树脂或聚醚树脂,需要的话外加固化催化剂;
7.双组分漆,基于(聚)酮亚胺和脂族或芳族异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯;
8.双组分漆,基于(聚)酮亚胺和不饱和丙烯酸酯树脂或聚乙酰乙酸酯树脂或甲基丙烯酰氨基乙醇酸甲酯;
9.双组分漆,基于含羧基或含氨基的聚丙烯酸酯和聚环氧化物;
10.双组分漆,基于含酸酐基团的丙烯酸酯树脂和基于多羟基或多氨基组分;
11.双组分漆,基于含丙烯酸酯酸酐和聚环氧化物;
12.双组分漆,基于含酸酐基团的(聚)唑啉和丙烯酸酯树脂,或不饱和丙烯酸酯树脂,或脂族或芳族异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯;
13.双组分漆,基于不饱和聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙二酸酯;
14.热塑性聚丙烯酸酯漆,基于热塑性丙烯酸酯树脂或外交联的丙烯酸酯树脂与醚化蜜胺树脂的组合;
15.漆体系,基于硅氧烷-改性或氟-改性的丙烯酸酯树脂;
16.漆体系,尤其是用于清漆的,基于丙二酸酯封端的异氰酸酯,以蜜胺树脂(例如六甲氧基甲基蜜胺)作为交联剂(酸催化的);
17.可紫外固化体系,基于低聚氨酯丙烯酸酯和/或acrylatacrylaten,要求的话与其它低聚物或单体组合;
18.双重固化体系,先通过加热固化,然后再利用紫外或电子辐照实现固化,或反之亦然,并且其组分包含在光引发剂存在下用紫外光或用电子束辐照后能起反应的烯属双键。
基于硅氧烷的涂料体系也可以,例如在WO 98/56852、WO98/56853、DE-A-2914427或DE-A-4338361中描述的体系。
该涂料组合物还包含另外的组分,例子是溶剂、颜料、染料、增塑剂、稳定剂、流变或触变剂、干燥催化剂和/或流平剂。可能组分的例子描述在Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第5版,卷A18,429~471页,VCH,Weinheim 1991中。
可能的干燥催化剂或固化催化剂是例如游离(有机)酸或碱,或可通过热处理或辐照而脱封的(有机)封端的酸或碱、有机金属化合物、胺、含氨基树脂和/或膦。有机金属化合物的例子是金属羧酸盐,尤其是金属Pb、Mn、Co、Zn、Zr或Cu的羧酸盐,或金属螯合物,尤其是金属Al、Ti、Zr或Hf的螯合物,或者有机金属化合物如有机锡化合物。
金属羧酸盐的例子是Pb、Mn或Zn的硬脂酸盐,Co、Zn或Cu的辛酸盐,Mn和Co的环烷酸盐,或者对应亚油酸盐、树脂酸盐或妥尔油酸盐。
金属螯合物的例子是铝、钛或锆的乙酰丙酮、乙酰乙酸乙酯、水扬醛、水扬醛肟、邻羟基乙酰苯或三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯螯合物,以及这些金属的醇盐。
有机锡化合物的例子是氧化二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡或二辛酸二丁基锡。
胺的例子特别是叔胺,例如三丁基胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-二甲基乙醇胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-甲基吗啉或二氮杂双环辛烷(三亚乙基二胺)、二氮杂双环十一烯、DBN(=1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]酮-5-烯),及其盐。进一步的例子是季铵盐,例如三甲基苄基氯化铵。
含氨基树脂既是基料又是固化催化剂。其例子是含氨基丙烯酸酯共聚物。
所用固化催化剂也可以是膦,例如三苯基膦。
涂料组合物也可以是可辐射固化的涂料组合物。在此种情况下,基料主要含有单体或低聚的化合物(预聚物),它们含有烯属不饱和键,这些化合物在施涂后依靠光化活性辐射而固化,即转变为交联的、高分子量形式。在体系是紫外固化的情况下,它通常还包含至少一种光引发剂。对应体系描述在上面提到的出版物Ullmann’s Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry,第5版,卷A18,451~453页中。
涂料组合物可施涂到任何希望的基材上,例如到金属、木材、塑料或陶瓷材料上。
涂料组合物可采用惯用方法施涂到基材上,例如通过刷涂、喷涂、浸涂或电泳;也是参见Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry,第5版,卷A18,491~500页。
视基料体系而定,涂料可在室温或者通过加热固化。涂层优选在50~150℃固化,而在粉末涂料或卷材涂料的情况下则在更高的温度。
涂料组合物可包含能溶解基料的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。涂料组合物可替代地是水溶液或分散体。漆料也可以是有机溶剂与水的混合物。涂料组合物可以是高固体漆或者可以是无溶剂的(例如粉末涂料)。粉末涂料是例如在Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第5版,卷A18,438~444页中描述的那些。粉末涂料也可具有粉末-淤浆的形式(粉末的分散体,优选在水中)。
颜料可以是无机、有机或金属颜料。
涂料组合物也可包含另外的添加剂,例如如上面提到的光稳定剂。特别地紫外吸收剂和空间位阻胺的加入是有利的。
在漆领域中,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片能赋予涂布的薄膜抗菌、抗真菌和抗藻性能,这是通过将抗菌SiOz薄片与各种漆如亲液漆、大漆、清漆和烷基树脂型、氨基醇酸树脂型、乙烯基树脂型、丙烯酸树脂型、环氧树脂型、氨基甲酸酯树脂型、水型、粉末型、氯化橡胶型、酚醛漆直接混合实现的;或者通过将抗菌SiOz涂布在已涂布的薄膜表面上实现的。在建筑领域,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片可通过将抗菌SiOz薄片与建筑零件用的材料混合或者将抗菌SiOz薄片涂布到此种建筑材料的表面上而赋予各种建筑零件,诸如接头用材料和墙壁及瓦片用材料以抗菌、抗真菌和抗藻性能。可施涂的体系包括装饰涂料(水-和溶剂性涂料)、工业涂料(卷材涂料和紫外可固化涂料)以及粉末涂料和漆,尤其是PVC地板、实木地板、凝胶涂料、胶粘剂等。
因此,本发明还涉及包含本发明抗菌SiOz薄片的高分子量有机材料。
高分子量有机材料的例子包括热塑性或热固性树脂如聚乙烯(例如LDPE、HDPE或MDPE)、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、尼龙、聚酯、不饱和聚酯(UP)、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚酰胺、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚缩醛、聚乙烯醇、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸树脂、氟塑料、聚氨酯(PUR)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、酚醛树脂、尿素树脂、蜜胺(meramine)树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、氨基甲酸酯树脂、人造丝、脲醛树脂(UF)、铜氨人造丝、乙酸酯、三乙酸酯、亚乙烯基(vinylidene)、天然或合成橡胶。
可见,本发明还涉及一种抗菌聚合物组合物,它包含
A)塑性树脂,和
B)有效抗菌数量的上面描述的抗菌SiOz薄片的混合物。
在所述实施方案中,用于含金属的SiOz薄片的抗菌金属优选包括银、铜、锌、汞、锡、铅、铋、镉、铬、钴、镍、锆或者这些金属中两种或多种的组合。优选银、铜、锌和锆,或者这些金属的组合。尤其优选的金属是银,单独或与铜、锌或锆组合。
优选的是,塑性树脂选自聚乙烯(例如LDPE、HDPE或MDPE)、聚丙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯腈(PAN))、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰胺(例如PA6、PA6,6、PA6,12)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚合物胶乳、聚氨酯(PUR)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、脲醛树脂(UF)和不饱和聚酯(UP)。
组分(B)的有效抗菌数量是例如0.005~10%,以组分(A)的重量为基准计。
本发明还涉及包含该新颖抗菌SiOz薄片(B)的塑性薄膜、纤维或制品。
抗菌SiOz薄片与任选的其它添加剂可单独或者彼此混合地加入到塑性树脂,例如聚烯烃中。要求的话,添加剂混合物的单个组分可以熔体形式彼此混合(熔融共混),然后再掺入到塑性材料中。
抗菌SiOz薄片与任选的其它添加剂向塑性材料中的掺混可采用公知的方法实施,例如以粉末形式干混,或者以溶液或悬浮体形式湿混。抗菌SiOz薄片和任选的其它添加剂可在模塑之前或以后掺入,或者也可通过将溶解或分散的稳定剂混合物施涂到塑性材料上,随后将溶剂蒸发或不蒸发来实施。抗菌SiOz薄片和任选的其它添加剂可以含有浓度介于例如约2.5%~约70wt%的这些组分的母料形式加入到塑性材料中;以此种操作,聚合物可以粉末、颗粒、溶液、悬浮体或者以胶乳的形式使用。
如果以母料或浓缩物的形式加入到塑性树脂中,则该新颖抗菌SiOz薄片通过载体如LDPE、HDPE、MDPE、PP、ABS、SAN、PS、丙烯酸酯、PMMA、聚酰胺、聚酯、PVC、胶乳、苯乙烯、多元醇、TPU、不饱和聚酯、脲、低聚甲醛、水乳液之类来加入。a)+b)在载体中的总浓度介于约2.5%~约70wt%,以载体的重量为基准计。
抗菌SiOz薄片和任选的其它添加剂也可在聚合或交联之前、期间或以后加入。
抗菌SiOz薄片和任选的其它添加剂可以纯的形式或者囊封在蜡、油或聚合物中而掺入到塑性材料中。
本发明还涉及稳定抗菌聚合物防止其变色的方法,包括在所述聚合物中掺入有效抗菌数量的如上所述的抗菌SiOz薄片。
有利的是,将本发明塑料薄膜、纤维和制品应用在要求表面具有长期卫生活性的领域,例如医疗器械、手扶栏杆、门柄、移动电话、键盘等。本发明抗菌塑料薄膜、纤维和制品用于例如医院、家里、公共场馆、通风系统、空气净化和空调系统以及废物处置系统。可在其中掺入本发明抗菌SiOz薄片的暴露于户外天候老化作用之下的塑料制品是例如垃圾容器、游泳池设备、露天秋千设备、滑梯、操场设备、水箱、露天家具等以及礼堂椅子。
本发明塑料薄膜、纤维和制品的表面表现出高度抗菌活性。
本发明组合物、塑料薄膜、纤维和制品,即聚合物基材,还可掺入其中一种或多种公知的添加剂。优选的附加添加剂选自抗氧化剂、紫外光吸收剂、位阻胺、亚磷酸盐或亚膦酸盐、羟基胺、硝酮、苯并呋喃-2-酮、硫增效剂、聚酰胺稳定剂、金属硬脂酸酯、成核剂、填料、增强剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、染料、颜料、荧光增白剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂和发泡剂。
该组合物是通过将树脂与抗菌SiOz薄片捏合从而将抗菌SiOz薄片掺混到树脂中,或者将抗菌SiOz薄片涂布到此种树脂的表面,以赋予各个此类塑料以抗菌、抗真菌和抗藻性能的。为了提供组合物以抗菌、抗真菌和抗藻性能,抗菌SiOz薄片的含量适宜在0.05~80wt%,优选0.1~10wt%的范围。
掺混了抗菌SiOz薄片的聚合物可用于制造冰箱、洗碗机、电饭锅、塑料薄膜、砧板、真空瓶、塑料桶、热交换器、浴缸、桌面、传送带和垃圾容器。可掺混该抗菌SiOz薄片的其它材料包括地板、壁纸、布、漆、餐巾、塑料汽车零件、自行车、钢笔、玩具、沙子和混凝土。此类用途的例子描述在美国专利5,714,445;5,697,203;5,562,872;5,180,585;5,714,430;美国专利5,305,827和5,102,401中。
在造纸领域,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片可掺混到各种纸材料中,例如湿纸巾、纸包装材料、包装用纸和纸板、壁纸、波纹纸板、纸张、通过由其原料与抗菌SiOz薄片一起造纸而用于保鲜的纸;或者通过以该抗菌SiOz薄片涂布所得纸以便赋予这些纸抗菌和抗真菌性能。
适合本发明抗菌SiOz薄片的其它载体可包括各种各样基于基材的产品。在这些情况下,可将抗菌SiOz薄片浸渍到基材产品之中或之上。例如合适的载体包括但不限于适合个人护理和家用的干和湿擦布(例如非织造婴儿擦布、家用清洁擦布、手术准备擦布等);尿布;婴儿更换垫;牙线;个人护理和家用护理海绵或机织布(例如洗碟布、毛巾等);纸巾型产品(例如面巾、纸巾等);和一次性服装(例如手套、工作服、手术面罩、婴儿围嘴、袜子、鞋垫等)。
另外,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片可用于各种各样个人护理用产品形式,包括但不限于口香糖、牙膏、漱口水、皮肤护理产品像除臭剂、化妆水和乳膏、洗净产品像肥皂和淋浴凝胶等。类似地,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片可掺入到各种各样家用护理产品中,包括但不限于硬表面清洁剂(例如消毒喷雾剂、液体或粉末);餐具或衣服洗涤剂(液体或固体)、地板蜡、玻璃清洁剂等。类似地,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片可掺混到化妆品组合物中,包括但不限于化妆水、洗净剂、乳膏、水溶液、醇凝胶、卫生纸、擦布等。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片对于家庭清洁用途高度有效(例如硬表面像地板、台面、浴缸、盘子和软布材料像衣服、海绵、纸巾等)、个人护理用途(例如除臭剂、化妆水和乳膏、淋浴凝胶、肥皂、洗发液、擦布)和工业及医院用途(例如器具消毒、医疗器械、手套)。这些组合物对于被微生物感染或弄脏的表面的迅速清洁特别灵验。
因此,本发明还涉及个人护理产品如洗手皂、手卫生清洁剂、洗澡液、淋浴凝胶、爽身水及其组合,或者家用护理产品,例如硬表面清洁剂、餐具洗涤剂和地板蜡。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片特别适合作美容个人护理用途的抗菌剂,例如除臭剂,皮肤、头发和口腔护理产品和洗净产品。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片的其它重要用途是家庭护理应用,用于清洁和消毒硬表面,以及织物护理用途,例如液体洗涤剂和柔软剂。
美容或药物制剂包含0.05~40wt%本发明的抗菌SiOz薄片,以组合物总重量为基准计,尤其是包含抗菌金属盐或金属,尤其是银、金、铜、锌或其组合的抗菌SiOz薄片。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片,尤其是包含上面描述的抗菌金属盐的抗菌SiOz薄片可具有抗病毒的效力。这里所使用的术语“抗病毒效力”是指某些能杀灭病毒的东西,例如杀灭流感和严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)病毒。SARS是一种呼吸道病毒感染,据信是由一类通常与普通感冒病毒有关的所谓冠状病毒引起的感染所致。
本发明美容制剂或药物组合物可另外包含一种或多种其它抗菌剂,如下面列出的。
另外可在本发明中使用的抗菌剂的例子是:2-巯基吡啶氧化物,尤其是锌络合物(ZPT),Octopirox,二甲基二羟甲基乙内酰脲(Glydant)、甲基氯异噻唑啉酮/甲基异噻唑啉酮(Kathon CG),亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、咪唑烷基脲(Germall 115),二唑烷基脲(GermaillII)、苄醇、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇(Bronopol)、福尔马林(甲醛)、丁基氨基甲酸碘代丙烯酯(Polyphase P100)、氯代乙酰胺、甲胺、甲基二溴腈戊二腈(1,2-二溴-2,4-二氰基丁烷或Tektamer)、戊二醛、5-溴-5-硝基-1,3-二烷(Bronidox)、苯乙醇、邻苯基苯酚/邻苯基苯酚钠、羟甲基甘氨酸钠(Suttocide A)、聚甲氧基双环唑烷(NuoseptC)、二甲克生、硫柳汞、二氯苄醇、克菌丹、氯苯甘醚、双氯酚、氯丁醇、月桂酸甘油酯、卤化二苯基醚、2,4,4’-三氯-2’-羟基-二苯基醚(Triclosn或TCS)、2,2’-二羟基-5,5’-二溴-二苯基醚、酚类化合物、苯酚、2-甲基苯酚、3-甲基苯酚、4-甲基苯酚、4-乙基苯酚、2,4-二甲基苯酚、2,5-二甲基苯酚、3,4-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二甲基苯酚、4-正丙基苯酚、4-正丁基苯酚、4-正戊基苯酚、4-叔戊基苯酚、4-正己基苯酚、4-正庚基苯酚、单-和多-烷基和芳族卤代苯酚、对氯酚、甲基对氯酚、乙基对氯酚、正丙基对氯酚、正丁基对氯酚、正戊基对氯酚、仲戊基对氯酚、环己基对氯酚、正庚基对氯酚、正辛基对氯酚、邻氯酚、甲基邻氯酚、乙基邻氯酚、正丙基邻氯酚、正丁基邻氯酚、正戊基邻氯酚、叔戊基邻氯酚、正己基邻氯酚、正庚基邻氯酚、邻苄基对氯酚、邻苄基-间甲基对氯酚、邻苄基-间,间-二甲基对氯酚、邻苯乙基对氯酚、邻苯乙基-间甲基对氯酚、3-甲基对氯酚、3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-乙基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-正丙基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-异丙基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-乙基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-仲丁基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-异丙基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-二乙基甲基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-异丙基-2-乙基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-仲戊基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、2-二乙基甲基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-仲辛基-3-甲基对氯酚、对氯-间-甲酚、对溴酚、甲基对溴酚、乙基对溴酚、正丙基对溴酚、正丁基对溴酚、正戊基对溴酚、仲戊基对溴酚、正己基对溴酚、环己基对溴酚、邻溴酚、叔戊基邻溴酚、正己基邻溴酚、正丙基-间,间-二甲基邻溴酚、2-苯基酚、4-氯-2-甲基酚、4-氯-3-甲基酚、4-氯-3,5-二甲基酚、2,4-二氯-3,5-二甲基酚、3,4,5,6-四溴-2-甲基酚、5-甲基-2-戊基酚、4-异丙基-3-甲基酚、对氯-间二甲酚(PCMX)、氯代百里酚、苯氧基乙醇、苯氧基异丙醇、5-氯-2-羟基二苯甲烷、间苯二酚及其衍生物、间苯二酚、甲基间苯二酚、乙基间苯二酚、正丙基间苯二酚、正丁基间苯二酚、正戊基间苯二酚、正己基间苯二酚、正庚基间苯二酚、正辛基间苯二酚、正壬基间苯二酚、苯基间苯二酚、苄基间苯二酚、苯乙基间苯二酚、苯丙基间苯二酚、对氯苄基间苯二酚、5-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、4’-氯2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、5-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、4’-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、双酚化合物、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-氯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(3,4,6-三氯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-氯-6-溴酚)、双(2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基)硫醚、双(2-羟基-5-氯苄基)硫醚、苯甲酸酯(对羟基苯甲酸酯类)、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸苄酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠盐、卤代对称二苯脲、3,4,4’-三氯对称二苯脲(Triclosarban或TCC)、3-氟甲基-4,4’-二氯对称二苯脲和3,3’,4-三氯对称二苯脲。
另外可使用的另一类抗菌剂是所谓“天然”抗菌活性剂,被称之为天然香精油。这类活性剂的名字由它们天然存在的植物派生而来。典型天然香精油抗菌活性剂包括下列的油:茴香芹、柠檬、橙、迷迭香、冬青、百里香、熏衣草、丁香、啤酒花、茶树、香茅、小麦、大麦、柠檬草、雪松叶、雪松木、肉桂、flea-grass、香叶天竺葵、檀香、堇菜、蔓越桔、桉树、马鞭草、薄荷、安息香胶、罗勒、茴香、冷杉、香胶、薄荷脑、野薄荷、hydastis carradensis、Berberidaceae daceae、Ratanhiae和姜黄。这类天然香精油还包括已发现能提供抗菌益处的植物油的关键化学成分。这些化合物包括但不限于茴香脑、儿茶酚、莰烯、carvacol、番樱桃酚、桉油精、阿魏酸、金合欢醇、日扁柏醇、羟基环庚三烯酮、柠檬烯、薄荷脑、水扬酸甲酯、百里酚、萜品醇、马鞭草烯酮、小檗碱、ratanhiae提取物、石竹烯氧化物、香茅酸、姜黄素、橙花叔醇和香叶醇。
另外的活性剂是抗菌金属盐。这类一般地包括族3b~7b、8和3a~5a的金属的盐。尤其是以下金属的盐:铝、锆、锌、银、金、铜、镧、锡、汞、铋、硒、锶、钪、钇、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、饵、铥、镱、镥及其混合物。
与螯合剂的组合还可改善本发明抗菌剂的抗菌活性。当与式(I)抗菌剂组合使用时得到额外抗菌效果或协同活性的此类螯合剂的例子是乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、β-丙氨酸二乙酸(EDETA)、羟基亚乙基二氨基四乙酸、次氨基三乙酸(NTA)和乙二胺二琥珀酸(S,S-EDDS,R,R-EDDS或S,R-EDDS)。
本发明抗菌组合物包含约0.05%~约10%,优选约0.1%~约2%,更优选约0.2%~约1wt%的阴离子表面活性剂,以洗净组合物重量为基准。
用于本发明组合物中的阴离子起泡表面活性剂的非限制性例子公开在McCutcheon的《洗涤剂与乳化剂(Detergents and Emulsifiers)》,北美版(1990)中,The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.;McCutcheon的《功能材料(Functional Materials)》北美版(1992);和在1975年12月30日授予Laughlin等人的美国专利3,929,678,在此全文收作参考。
多种多样阴离子表面活性剂在这里潜在地有用。阴离子起泡表面活性剂的非限制性例子包括选自下列的那些:烷基和烷基醚硫酸盐、硫酸化甘油单酯、硫酸化烯烃、烷基芳基磺酸盐、伯或仲链烷磺酸盐、磺基琥珀酸烷基酯、酰基牛磺酸盐、酰基羟乙磺酸盐、烷基甘油基醚磺酸盐、磺酸甲酯、磺化脂肪酸、烷基磷酸酯、酰基戊二酸盐、酰基肌氨酸盐、烷基磺基乙酸盐、酰基化肽、烷基醚羧酸盐、酰基乳酸盐(lactylate)、阴离子氟代表面活性剂及其混合物。阴离子表面活性剂的混合物可有效地应用于本发明中。
本发明抗菌组合物还可进一步包含非离子表面活性剂。典型非离子表面活性剂是环氧乙烷与各种各样能与之起反应的具有长疏水链(例如约12~20个碳原子脂族链)的含活性氢的化合物的缩合产物,该缩合产物(“ethoxamers”)包含亲水聚氧乙烯部分,例如聚(氧乙烯)与脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪酰胺、多羟基醇(例如脱水山梨醇的一硬脂酸酯)和聚环氧丙烷的缩合产物(例如Pluronic材料)。聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物(polyoxamers)是例如平均分子量介于约3000~5000,优选平均分子量介于约3500~4000并含有约10~80%亲水聚氧乙烯基团的聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯的嵌段共聚物(例如Pluronic F127),以嵌段共聚物重量为基准计。
本发明抗菌组合物还可包含两性表面活性剂。作为两性表面活性剂可采用C8~C18-甜菜碱、C8~C18-磺基甜菜碱、C8~C24-烷基酰氨基-C1~C4-亚烷基甜菜碱、咪唑啉羧酸盐、烷基两性羧基碳酸、烷基两性碳酸(例如月桂基两性甘氨酸)和N-烷基-β-氨基丙酸盐或亚氨基二丙酸盐,特别是C10~C20-烷基酰氨基C1~C4-亚烷基甜菜碱和椰油脂肪酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱。
本发明抗菌组合物还可包含质子给予剂,优选约0.1%~约10%,更优选约0.5%~约8%,最优选约1%~约5%质子给予剂,以组合物重量为基准计。所谓“质子给予剂”是指任何酸性化合物或其混合物,只要使用后在皮肤上产生未离解的酸。质子给予剂可以是有机酸,包括聚合物酸、无机酸或其混合物。
本发明抗菌组合物的pH值必须调节到足够低的水平以便在皮肤上形成或沉积基本未离解的酸。本发明组合物的pH值应调节,并优选地缓冲到介于约3.0~约6.0,优选约3.0~约5.0,更优选约3.5~约4.5的范围。
为达到对本发明抗菌组合物所要求的柔和,可加入能提高对皮肤作用温和的任选成分。这些成分包括阳离子和非离子聚合物、助表面活性剂、润湿剂及其混合物。这方面有用的聚合物包括聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、水解丝蛋白、水解丝蛋白、水解角质蛋白、瓜尔胶羟丙基氯化铵、polyquats、硅酮聚合物及其混合物。当使用时,该改善柔和的聚合物占到抗菌组合物重量的约0.1%~约1%,优选约0.2%~约1.0%,更优选约0.2%~约0.6wt%。
另一类柔和改进剂是脂类皮肤润湿剂,当该亲脂皮肤润湿剂沉积到使用者皮肤上时给使用者提供润湿的好处。当亲脂皮肤润湿剂用于本发明抗菌个人清洁组合物时,它们的用量为组合物重量的约0.1%~约30%,优选约0.2%~约10%,最优选约0.5%~约5wt%。
多种多样脂质型材料及材料混合物都适合用于本发明抗菌组合物。优选的是,该亲脂皮肤调理剂选自:烃油和蜡、硅氧烷、脂肪酸衍生物、胆固醇、胆固醇衍生物、甘油二-和三-酯、植物油、植物油衍生物、液态不可消化的油,例如公开在以下文献中的那些:1971-08-17授予Mattson的美国专利3,600,186,和均于1977-01-25授予Jandacek等人的美国专利4,005,195及4,005,196,在此全部收作参考,或者液态可消化或不可消化油与固体多元醇聚酯的共混物,例如描述在以下文献中的那些:1989-01-10授予Jandacek的美国专利4,797,300,;全部于1994-04-26授予Letton的美国专利5,306,514、5,306,516和5,306,515,在此全部收作参考,以及甘油乙酸酯、烷基酯、链烯基酯、羊毛脂及其衍生物,牛乳甘油三酯、蜡酯、蜂蜡衍生物、固醇、磷脂及其混合物。脂肪酸、脂肪酸皂和水溶性多元醇特别要从此处的亲脂皮肤润湿剂定义中排除。
本发明抗菌组合物可包含多种多样任选的成分。CTFA(化妆品、盥洗用品和香料协会)国际化妆品成分词典,第6版,1995,在此全文收作参考,描述了各种各样皮肤护理工业常用的、适合用于本发明组合物的非限制性化妆品和药物成分。成分的功能类别的非限制性例子描述在该参考文献的537页。
这些功能类别的例子包括:磨料、抗痤疮药、防结块剂、抗氧化剂、粘结剂、生物学添加剂、增量剂、螯合剂、化学添加剂、着色剂、化妆收敛剂、化妆生物杀伤剂、变性剂、药物收敛剂、乳化剂、外部止痛剂、成膜剂、香料、润湿剂、遮盖剂、增塑剂、防腐剂、喷雾剂、还原剂、皮肤漂白剂、皮肤调理剂(润肤剂、润湿剂、其它以及吸留剂)、护肤剂、溶剂、增泡剂、水溶助长剂、增溶剂、悬浮剂(非表面活性剂)、防晒剂、紫外吸收剂和增粘剂(水性和非水)。本领域技术人员公知的其它可用于这里的功能材料类别包括增溶剂、螯合剂和溶角蛋白剂等。
抗氧化剂的例子是氨基酸或氨基酸衍生物,咪唑及其衍生物,肽如D,L-肌肽、类胡萝卜素、胡萝卜素及其衍生物,脂酮酸、金属螯合剂(例如α-羟基脂肪酸、棕榈酸、肌醇六磷酸、乳铁蛋白)、α-羟基酸(例如柠檬酸、乳酸、马来酸)、腐植酸、没食子酸盐、EDTA、EGTA及其衍生物、不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物、维生素C及其衍生物、芸香亭酸及其衍生物、α-糖基芸香苷、阿魏酸、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚和这些物质的合适的衍生物。
该制剂中的紫外吸收剂可以是下表所列的那些:
可用于本发明抗菌组合物的合适的紫外滤光物质 |
对氨基苯甲酸衍生物,例如4-二甲氨基苯甲酸2-乙基己基酯; |
水扬酸衍生物,例如水扬酸2-乙基己基酯; |
二苯酮衍生物,例如2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮及其5-磺酸衍生物; |
二苯甲酰甲烷衍生物,例如1-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)-丙-1,3-二酮; |
二苯基的丙烯酸酯,例如2-乙基己基的2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸酯,和3-(苯并呋喃基)2-氰基丙烯酸酯; |
3-咪唑-4-基丙烯酸及其酯; |
苯并呋喃衍生物,尤其是2-(对氨苯基)苯并呋喃衍生物,描述在EP-A-582 189,US-A-5 338 539,US-A-5 518 713和EP-A-613 893中; |
聚合物紫外吸收剂,例如苄叉丙二酸酯衍生物,描述在EP-A-709 080中; |
肉桂酸衍生物,例如4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己基酯以及异戊酯或肉桂酸衍生物,描述在US-A-5 601 811和WO 97/00851中; |
樟脑衍生物,例如3-(4’-甲基)苄叉-冰片烷-2-酮,3-苄叉-冰片烷-2-酮,N-[2(和4)-氧基冰片-3-叉-甲基]-苄基)丙烯酰胺聚合物,3-(4’-三甲基铵)-苄叉-冰片烷-2-酮甲基硫酸酯,3,3’-(1,4-亚苯基二次甲基)-双(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代-双环[2.2.1]庚烷-1-甲磺酸)及其盐,3-94’-磺基)苄叉-冰片烷-2-酮及其盐;樟脑苄烷铵的甲基硫酸盐; |
羟苯基三嗪化合物,例如2-(4’-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2’-羟基-4’-正辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪;2,4-双{[4-(3-(2-丙氧基)-2-羟基-丙氧基)-2-羟基]-苯基}-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪;2,4-双{[4-(2-乙基-己氧基)-2-羟基]-苯基}-6-[4-(2-甲氧基乙基-羧基)-苯氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪;2,4-双{[4-(三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基-甲硅烷基丙氧基)-2-羟基]-苯基}-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪;2,4-双{[4-(2”-甲基丙烯氧基)-2-羟基]-苯基}-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪;2,4-双{[4-(1’,1’,1’,3’,5’,5’,5’-七甲基三甲硅烷基-2”-甲基-丙氧基)-2-羟基]-苯基}-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪;2,4-双{[4-(3-(2-丙氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基]-苯基}-6-[4-乙基羧基)-苯氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪; |
苯并三唑化合物,例如2,2’-亚甲基双(6-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯酚; |
三苯氨基-s-三嗪衍生物,例如2,4,6-三苯胺-(对羰基-2’-乙基-1’-氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪和US-A-5 332 568、EP-A-517 104、EP-A-507 691、WO 93/17002和EP-A-570 838中公开的紫外吸收剂; |
2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸及其盐; |
薄荷基的邻氨基苯甲酸酯; |
涂布或非涂布的物理防晒剂,例如二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化铁、云母、MnO、FE2O3、Ce2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2。(表面涂层:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基硅氧烷(甲基氢聚硅氧烷,描述在CAS 9004-73-3中),二甲基硅氧烷、三异硬脂酸异丙基钛(描述在CAS 61417-49-0),金属皂如硬脂酸镁(描述在CAS 4086-70-8),全氟醇的磷酸酯,如C9-15氟代醇的磷酸酯(描述在CAS 74499-44-8;JP 5-86984,JP 4-330007中))。一次颗粒的粒度平均为15nm~35nm,分散体中的颗粒粒度介于100nm~300nm的范围。 |
氨基羟基二苯酮衍生物,公开在DE 10011317、EP 1133980和EP 1046391中 |
苯基-苯并咪唑衍生物,公开在EP 1167358中 |
“Sunscreens(防晒剂)”,编辑:N,J.Lowe,N.A.Shaath,Marcel Dekker公司,纽约和Basle或《化妆品和盥洗用品》(107),50页起(1992)中描述的紫外吸收剂也可用作附加紫外防护物质 |
本发明抗菌剂是各种各样美容制剂中使用的成分。例如尤其可考虑以下制剂,像护肤制剂、浴液制剂、美容个人护理制剂、足护理制剂;防晒制剂、晒黑制剂、去色素制剂、驱虫剂、除臭剂、止汗剂、洗净和瑕疵皮肤护理用制剂、化学形式退毛制剂(脱毛)、剃须制剂、香味制剂或美发处理制剂。
最终制剂可以各种各样制剂形式存在,例如以液态制剂的形式,例如W/O、O/W、O/W/O、W/O/W或PIT乳液以及任何种类微乳液,以凝胶、油、霜、乳或化妆水、粉末、漆、片剂或化妆品、棒状、喷雾剂或气溶胶、泡沫或膏体。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片还表现出防止口腔细菌的抗菌活性并表现出抗菌斑效力、抗牙龈炎活性并有助于减少牙周炎(paradontitis)。
另外,该口腔组合物可包含:
抛光剂、润湿剂、水、天然或合成增稠剂或胶凝剂、醇、有机表面活性剂,后者可以是阳离子、阴离子或非离子的,香味剂、增甜剂、减少牙齿敏感的药剂、增白剂、防腐剂、释放氟离子以防龋齿的物质、其它药剂,例如叶绿素化合物和/或氨化过的材料。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片或可用作衣服洗涤剂和/或织物护理组合物中的添加剂。本发明衣服洗涤剂和/或织物护理组合物优选还包含洗涤剂成分,选自阳离子、阴离子和/或非离子表面活性剂和/或漂白剂。
本发明抗菌洗优选的剂和/或织物护理组合物可以是液体、膏体、凝胶、片剂、喷雾剂、泡沫、粉末或颗粒形式的。粒状组合物也可以是“紧凑”形式的,液体组合物也可以是“浓缩”形式的。
本发明组合物,例如可配制成手洗或机洗洗涤剂组合物,包括洗衣添加剂组合物和适用于脏织物的浸泡和/或预处理用的组合物、漂洗添加的织物柔软剂组合物。织物的预-或后处理剂包括凝胶、喷雾剂和织物护理组合物。还考虑到有或没有柔软剂的存在的漂洗周期。
当配制成适用于机洗洗涤方法的组合物时,本发明组合物优选既包含表面活性剂和助洗剂化合物,也包含额外的1或多种洗涤剂组分,优选地选自有机聚合物化合物、漂白剂、附加酶、抑泡剂、分散剂、钙皂分散剂、污垢悬浮和抗再沉积剂以及缓蚀剂。洗衣组合物还可包含柔软剂作为附加洗涤剂成分。
本发明衣服洗涤剂和/或织物护理组合物还可包含阳离子织物柔软成分,它包括不溶于水的季铵柔软活性剂或对应胺前体,最常用的是二-长链氯化铵或甲基硫酸盐。
本发明衣服洗涤剂和/或织物护理组合物还可包含两性、两性离子和半极性表面活性剂。
除了本发明改性酶之外,该衣服洗涤剂和/或织物护理组合物还可包含一种或多种提供洗净性能、织物护理和/或卫生消毒益处的酶。
本发明抗菌洗衣洗洗涤剂组合物还可包含助洗剂体系。
这里的抗菌衣服洗涤剂和/或织物护理组合物还可任选地包含一种或多种铁和/或锰的螯合剂。
这里的组合物还可包含水溶性甲基甘氨酸二乙酸(MGDA)盐(或酸形式)作为螯合剂或第二助洗剂,它们对于,例如不溶性助洗剂如沸石、层状硅酸盐之类很有用。
另一种任选的成分是抑泡剂,例子是硅酮,和二氧化硅-硅酮混合物。
也可使用其它组分,例如污垢悬浮剂、去污剂、荧光增白剂、磨料、杀菌剂、晦暗抑制剂、着色剂和/或囊封或非囊封的香料。
本发明衣服洗涤剂和/或织物护理组合物还可包含分散剂:
本发明衣服洗涤剂和/或织物护理组合物还可包括用于抑制在涉及有色织物的织物洗涤操作期间被增溶或悬浮的染料从一种织物到另一种织物的染料转移的化合物。
本发明抗菌制剂(X=优选的组合)的例子
A.个人护理组合物
O/W体系: | ||||||||
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
乳化剂 | ||||||||
鲸蜡基磷酸钾2%~5% | × | |||||||
十六醇十八醇混合物/磷酸二鲸蜡基酯/十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚-10磷酸酯2%~6% | × | |||||||
硬脂基邻氨基甲酰苯甲酸钠1%~2% | × | |||||||
十六醇十八醇/硫酸二甲酯二十二烷基三铵1%~5% | × | |||||||
Quaternium-32 1%~5% | × | |||||||
二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇/辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(1%~4%) | × | |||||||
硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-2/硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-21 2%~5% | × | |||||||
聚甘油基甲基葡萄糖二硬脂酸酯1%~4% | × | |||||||
亲脂润肤剂/分散剂油15%~20% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
脂肪醇和/或蜡1%~5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
增稠剂(水可溶胀增稠剂)0.5%~1.5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
防腐剂0.5%~1% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
螯合剂(例如EDTA)0%~0.2% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
抗氧化剂0.05%~0.2% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
去离子水适量至100% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
香料油0.1%~0.4% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
W/O体系 | |||||
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
乳化剂 | × | × | × | × | × |
聚甘油基-2二聚羟基硬脂酸酯2%~4% | × | × | × | × | × |
PEG-30二聚羟基硬脂酸酯2%~4% | × | ||||
菜子油山梨醇酯1%~5% | × | ||||
PEG-45/十二烷二醇共聚物1%~5% | × | ||||
脱水山梨醇油酸酯/聚甘油-3蓖麻酸酯1%~5% | × | ||||
亲脂润肤剂/分散剂油10%~20% | × | × | × | × | × |
脂肪醇和/或蜡10%~15% | × | × | × | × | × |
电解质(NaCl,MgSO4)0.5%~1% | × | × | × | × | × |
多元醇相(丙二醇,甘油)1%~8% | × | × | × | × | × |
防腐剂0.3%~0.8% | × | × | × | × | × |
香料油0.1%~0.4% | × | × | × | × | × |
螯合剂(例如EDTA)0%~0.2% | × | × | × | × | × |
抗氧化剂0.05%~0.2% | × | × | × | × | × |
去离子水适量至100% | × | × | × | × | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × | × | × | × |
多重乳液 | ||||||||||||
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
PEG-30二聚羟基硬脂酸酯(2%~6%) | × | × | × | |||||||||
鲸蜡基二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇1%~3% | × | × | ||||||||||
PEG-30二聚羟基硬脂酸酯/硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-2/硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-214%~6% | × | × | ||||||||||
聚甘油基-2二聚羟基硬脂酸酯1%~3% | × | × | ||||||||||
聚甘油基-6蓖麻油酸酯1%~3% | × | × | × | |||||||||
油相15%~30% | ||||||||||||
脂肪酸酯 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
天然和合成甘油三酯 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
烃油 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
硅油 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
防腐剂0.3%~0.8% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
去离子水适量至100% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
脱水山梨醇硬脂酸酯/蔗糖椰油酸酯3%~7% | × | × | × | |||||||||
蔗糖月桂酸酯3%~7% | × | × | × | |||||||||
Poloxamer407 3%~7% | × | × | × | |||||||||
聚氧乙烯(20)山梨酸酯单油酸酯3%~5% | × | × | × | |||||||||
一次乳液W1/O 50% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
增稠剂(水溶胀性聚合物)0.3%~1% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
去离子水适量至100% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
香料油0.1%~0.4% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
抗菌剂SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
O1/W/O2乳液
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
一次乳液O1/W | ||||||||
PEG-60氢化蓖麻油25% | × | × | × | × | ||||
硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-2525% | × | × | × | × | ||||
油相75% | ||||||||
脂肪酸酯 | × | × | ||||||
天然及合成甘油三酯 | × | × | ||||||
烃油 | × | × | ||||||
硅油 | × | × | ||||||
防腐剂0.3%~0.8% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
去离子水适量至100% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
非离子多官能W/O乳化剂2%~5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
蜡1%~5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
油相20%~30% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
硅油 | ||||||||
一次乳液O1/W15% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
电解质(NaCl,MgSO4)0.1%~0.5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
去离子水适量至100% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
香料油0.1%~0.4% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
微乳液 | ||||||||||
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
PEG-8辛酸/癸酸甘油酯10%~25% | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
PPG-5-十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2010%~25% | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
聚甘油基-6异硬脂酸酯5%~15% | × | × | ||||||||
聚甘油基-3二异硬脂酸酯5%~15% | × | × | ||||||||
聚甘油基-6二油酸酯5%~15% | × | × | ||||||||
PPG-10十六烷基醚5%~15% | × | × | ||||||||
乙氧基二甘醇5%~15% | × | × | ||||||||
油相10%~80% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
苯甲酸异硬脂基酯 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
异硬脂酸异硬脂基酯 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
PEG-7甘油基椰油酸酯 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
环甲基硅氧烷 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
多元醇/润湿剂1%~10% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
防腐剂0.3~0.8% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
香料油0.1%~0.4% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
去离子水适量至100% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
紫外吸收剂,如表1~3所述,0%~30% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
G-水性 | ||||||||||||
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
增稠剂 | ||||||||||||
天然增稠剂1%~5% | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
半合成增稠剂1%~5% | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
合成增稠剂0.3%~1.3% | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
中和剂0.5%~1.5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
多元醇-润湿剂5%~50% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
季化羟乙基纤维素系列1%~5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
PVM/MA共聚物1%~5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
防腐剂0.5%~1% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
螯合剂(EDTA)<0.1% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
去离子水适量至100% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
香料油0.05%~0.4% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
乙氧基化甘油基醚0.1%~5% | × | × | × | |||||||||
聚山梨酸酯0.1%~5% | × | × | × | |||||||||
乙氧基化油基醚0.1%~5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
油性凝胶 | ||||||||||
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
氢化卵磷脂1%~10% | × | × | ||||||||
二氧化硅二甲基甲硅烷基化物1%~10% | × | × | ||||||||
二氧化硅1%~5% | × | × | ||||||||
C24-28烷基二甲基硅氧烷1%~5% | × | × | ||||||||
硬脂酸铝或镁1%~5% | × | × | ||||||||
多元醇-润湿剂5%~70% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
油相20%~90% | ||||||||||
二辛基醚 | × | × | × | |||||||
苯基三甲基硅氧烷 | × | × | ||||||||
氢化聚异丁烯 | × | |||||||||
异硬脂酸异丙酯 | × | × | ||||||||
油凝胶基础(矿物油和氢化丁烯/乙烯或乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯共聚物) | × | × | ||||||||
硅酮蜡1%~10% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
聚二甲基硅氧烷烷醇二十二烷酸酯 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
聚二甲基硅氧烷烷醇硬脂酸酯 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
香料油0.1%~0.5% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
抗氧化剂0.05%~0.2% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
淡/干爽化妆油 | ||||
成分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
烃油30%~70% | × | × | ||
支化或非支化的脂肪酸酯10%~50% | × | × | ||
硅酮/硅氧烷0%~10% | × | × | ||
全氟化油和全氟醚0%~10% | × | × | ||
增粘剂0%~10% | × | × | × | × |
长链酸与醇的酯0%~2% | × | × | × | × |
抗氧化剂0.1%~1% | × | × | × | × |
增溶剂/分散剂0%~5% | × | × | × | × |
香料油0.15~0.5% | × | × | × | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × | × | × |
发泡/摩丝产品 | |
成分 | 1 |
SD醇400%~80% | × |
喷射剂8%~15% | × |
非离子乳化剂/表面活性剂0.5%~3% | × |
缓蚀剂0%~1% | × |
香料油0.1%~O.5% | × |
防腐剂0.1%~1% | × |
其它0%~1% | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × |
棒状产品 | |
成分 | 1 |
蜡15%~30% | × |
天然和硅油20%~75% | × |
羊毛脂衍生物5%~>50% | × |
羊毛脂的酯 | × |
乙酰化羊毛脂 | × |
羊毛脂油 | × |
着色剂和颜料10%~15% | × |
抗氧化剂0.1%~0.8% | × |
香料油0.1%~2% | × |
防腐剂0.1%~0.7% | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × |
液体和紧凑形式 | ||
成分 | 1 | 2 |
底液 | ||
粉末相10%~15% | × | |
油相30%~40%;75%(仅适用于无水形式) | × | |
增稠剂/悬浮剂1%~5% | × | |
成膜聚合物1%~2% | × | |
抗氧化剂0.1%~1% | × | |
香料油0.1%~0.5% | × | |
防腐剂0.1%~0.8% | × | |
去离子水适量至100% | × | |
紧凑粉末 | ||
粉末相15%~50% | × | |
油相15%~50% | × | |
多元醇相5%~15% | × | |
抗氧化剂0.1%~1% | × | |
香料油0.1%~0.5% | × | |
防腐剂0.1%~0.8% | × | |
对这两种产品形式而言 | ||
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × | × |
调理香波 | |
成分 | 1 |
主要表面活性剂(前面所列)5%~10% | × |
辅助表面活性剂(前面所列)5%~15% | × |
泡沫稳定剂(前面所列)0%~5% | × |
去离子水40%~70% | × |
活性剂0~10% | × |
调理剂 | × |
补脂剂 | × |
润湿剂 | × |
增稠剂/流变改性剂0%~3% | × |
润湿剂0%~2% | × |
PH调节剂0%~1% | × |
防腐剂0.05%~1% | × |
香料油0.1%~1% | × |
抗氧化剂0.05%~0.20% | × |
螯合剂(EDTA)0%~0.2% | × |
遮盖剂0%~2% | × |
抗菌SiOz薄片0.1%~20% | × |
抗菌清洁组合物 | ||||||||||
组分 | 实施 例1 | 实施 例2 | 实施 例3 | 实施 例4 | 实施 例5 | 实施 例6 | 实施 例7 | 实施 例8 | 实施 例9 | 实施 例10 |
矿物油 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
丙二醇 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
铵 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
月桂基硫酸盐 | ||||||||||
柠檬酸 | 4.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.50 | 2.50 | 4.00 |
柠檬酸钠 | 3.30 | - | 2.00 | - | - | - | 3.70 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.20 |
琥珀酸 | - | 4.00 | - | - | 4.00 | 4.00 | - | - | - | - |
琥珀酸钠 | - | 3.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.20 | 3.00 | - | - | - | - |
马来酸 | - | - | - | 4.00 | - | - | 4.00 | - | - | - |
丙二酸钠 | - | - | - | 3.20 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚20 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | - | 0.55 | - | - | 0.08 | 0.28 |
硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚2 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | - | 0.45 | - | 0.45 | 0.07 | 0.23 |
油基聚氧乙烯醚20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.08 | 0.28 |
油基聚氧乙烯醚2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.07 | 0.23 |
抗菌SiOz薄片 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
百里酚 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - |
其它 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
水 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
pH | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
抗菌清洁组合物 | |||||
组分 | 实施 | 实施 | 实施 | 实施 | 实施例 |
例11 | 例12 | 例13 | 例14 | 15 | |
矿物油 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
丙二醇 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
月桂基硫酸铵 | - | - | - | - | 0.60 |
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵 | - | 5.00 | - | - | - |
Hostapur SAS 60(SPS) | 1.00 | - | - | - | - |
C14~C16烯烃磺酸钠 | - | - | 2.00 | - | - |
月桂酰肌氨酸钠 | - | - | - | 1.00 | - |
柠檬酸 | 0.055 | 7.50 | - | - | - |
柠檬酸钠 | - | 4.00 | 2.00 | - | - |
琥珀酸 | 4.00 | - | - | - | - |
琥珀酸钠 | 0.67 | - | - | - | - |
丙二酸 | - | - | - | 4.00 | - |
马来酸 | - | - | 2.50 | - | - |
丙二酸钠 | - | - | - | 3.20 | - |
水扬酸 | - | - | - | - | 0.50 |
硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚20 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 |
硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚2 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
抗菌SiOz薄片 | 0.15 | 3.00 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.15 |
椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱 | - | - | - | 4.00 | - |
聚季铵盐10 | - | - | - | 0.40 | - |
其它 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
水 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
pH | 3-6 | 3-6 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
配方 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
抗菌SiOz薄片 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
月桂基硫酸钠 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Pareth 45-7(Dobanol 45-7) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
乙醇 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
枯烯磺酸钠 | 5 | - | 5 | 5 | - |
皂条(Mettler) | 5 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 |
柠檬酸三钠二水合物 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
三乙醇胺 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
荧光增白剂 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
以水充至 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
B.家用和织物护理制剂
配方 | |||||||||||
组分 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
抗菌SiOz薄片 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
十二烷基苯磺酸 | 7.5 | 8.5 | |||||||||
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 | 27 | 23.6 | 10 | 28 | 20 | 24 | 6 | ||||
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠3 EO | 17 | 10 | |||||||||
月桂基硫酸钠 | 6 | 8 |
椰油酸 | 12.5 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 10 | |||||
C12-13Pareth-7 | 10 | 26.9 | 27.8 | 25 | 4 | ||||||
PEG-7C13氧代醇 | 20 | 9 | 14.5 | 12 | 29 | 26 | |||||
PEG-8C13-15脂肪醇 | 10 | ||||||||||
烷基聚糖 | 5 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-10 | 5 | ||||||||||
PPG | 2 | 3 | 8 | ||||||||
碳酸钠 | 2 | ||||||||||
三聚磷酸钠 | 20 | ||||||||||
三聚磷酸钾50% | 22 | ||||||||||
枯烯磺酸钠40% | 25 | ||||||||||
柠檬酸三钠 | 5.5 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
氯化月桂基三铵 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
多羧酸酯 | 13 | 18 | 15 | 10 | 23 | 16.2 | |||||
2-丙醇 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 9.5 | 8 | |||||
乙醇 | 6 | 9 | |||||||||
甘油 | 20 | ||||||||||
丙二醇 | 6 | ||||||||||
氢氧化钠 | 3.2 | 2 | 1 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 4 | |||
荧光增白剂TinopalCBS-x | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
荧光增白剂TinopalCBS-CL | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||||
皂 | 7 | ||||||||||
加水至 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
配方 | |||
组分 | 13a | 13b | 13c |
抗菌SiOz薄片 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.45 |
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠 | 1.2 | ||
椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱 | 1 |
十二烷胺氧化物 | 1 | ||
柠檬酸钠 | 4 | ||
碳酸钠 | 3 | ||
乙醇 | 3 | ||
C14-17烷基仲磺酸钠 | 16.6 | ||
月桂基硫酸钠 | 20 | ||
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-09 | 3 | ||
枯基磺酸钠 | 5 | ||
氯化钠 | 3 | ||
Quaternium18和异丙醇 | 4 | ||
Pareth-25-7 | 0.5 | ||
加水至 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
液态洗涤制剂 | |||||
配方 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
抗菌SiOz薄片 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
月桂基硫酸钠 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Pareth45-7(Dobanol45-7) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
乙醇 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
枯烯磺酸钠 | 5 | - | 5 | 5 | - |
皂条(Mettler) | 5 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 |
柠檬酸三钠二水合物 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
三乙醇胺 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
荧光增白剂 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
加水至 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
液态洗涤制剂 | |||||||||||
配方 | |||||||||||
组分 | 1 | 2 | 3c | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
抗菌SiOz薄片 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
十二烷基苯磺酸 | 7.5 | 8.5 |
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 | 27 | 23.6 | 10 | 28 | 20 | 24 | 6 | ||||
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠3EO | 17 | 10 | |||||||||
月桂基硫酸钠 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||
椰油酸 | 12.5 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 10 | |||||
C12-13Pareth-7 | 10 | 26.9 | 27.8 | 25 | 4 | ||||||
PEG-7C13氧代醇 | 20 | 9 | 14.5 | 12 | 29 | 26 | |||||
PEG-8C13-15脂肪醇 | 10 | ||||||||||
烷基聚糖 | 5 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-10 | 5 | ||||||||||
PPG | 2 | 3 | 8 | ||||||||
碳酸钠 | 2 | ||||||||||
三聚磷酸钠 | 20 | ||||||||||
三聚磷酸钾50% | 22 | ||||||||||
枯烯磺酸钠40% | 25 | ||||||||||
柠檬酸三钠 | 5.5 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
氯化月桂基三铵 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
多羧酸酯 | 13 | 18 | 15 | 10 | 23 | 16.2 | |||||
2-丙醇 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 9.5 | 8 | |||||
乙醇 | 6 | 9 | |||||||||
甘油 | 20 | ||||||||||
丙二醇 | 6 | ||||||||||
氢氧化钠 | 3.2 | 2 | 1 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 4 | |||
荧光增白剂Tinopal CBS-x | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
荧光增白剂TinopalCBS-CL | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||||
皂 | 7 | ||||||||||
加水至 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
液态洗涤制剂 | |||
配方 | |||
组分 | 13a | 13b | 13c |
抗菌SiOz薄片 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.2 |
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠 | 1.2 | ||
椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱 | 1 | ||
十二烷胺氧化物 | 1 | ||
柠檬酸钠 | 4 | ||
碳酸钠 | 3 | ||
乙醇 | 3 | ||
C14-17烷基仲磺酸钠 | 16.6 | ||
月桂基硫酸钠 | 20 | ||
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-09 | 3 | ||
枯基磺酸钠 | 5 | ||
氯化钠 | 3 | ||
Quaternium18和异丙醇 | 4 | ||
Pareth-25-7 | 0.5 | ||
加水至 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片或可用于生产抗菌口香糖(US-B-6,365,130)。
因此,本发明还涉及一种抗菌口香糖,包含:
(a)口香糖基体和
(b)本发明抗菌SiOz薄片,其中抗菌SiOz薄片以约0.05~50wt%的数量存在,以口香糖组合物重量为基准计。
可用本发明抗菌SiOz薄片处理的纤维材料是包含例如丝、羊毛、聚酰胺,例如尼龙(包括尼龙-6/尼龙-66)或聚氨酯、聚酯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯、聚乙烯和任何含纤维素纤维材料,例如天然纤维素纤维,例如棉、亚麻、黄麻和大麻,还有粘胶短纤维和再生纤维素纤维之类的材料。
可用本发明抗菌SiOz薄片处理的聚酯纤维材料应理解为包括纤维素酯纤维如纤维素二醋酯和纤维素三醋酯,并且优选线型聚酯纤维,后者也可进行酸改性,并且是通过对苯二甲酸与乙二醇或间苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸与1,4-双(羟甲基)环己烷缩合获得的,以及对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸与乙二醇的共聚物。迄今纺织工业中几乎清一色地使用的线型聚酯纤维材料(PES)都由对苯二甲酸和乙二醇构成。
该纤维材料可以天然纤维像棉、毛或黄麻彼此或与合成纤维材料像PES、尼龙或聚丙烯的共混物或者合成纤维材料彼此的共混物形式使用。典型的纤维共混物由聚丙烯腈-聚酯、聚酰胺/聚酯、聚酯/棉、聚酯/粘胶和聚酯/毛组成。
纺织纤维材料可呈不同的产品形式,优选制成机织或针织织物或作成一件物品如针织品、机织织物、非织造纺织品、地毯、一件衣服,也可作成丝饼形式的纱线、经轴等或任何其它形式的成品,优选T-恤、运动服、跑步吊蓝背心、汗衫、外衣、女睡衣、内衣和袜子。
纤维或纤维共混物可间歇或连续地处理。
在连续处理方法中,任选包含助剂的处理液被施涂到纱线、织物、成件的物品上,例如通过浸轧或倾斜浸轧方法,并通过热定型或高温汽蒸方法显色。
用本发明方法处理的纤维材料的特征在于,沿整个纤维断面具有基本均一的抗菌SiOz薄片的分布。
本发明方法按照公知的纺织印染方法使用传统颜料,如在《纺织化学与染色师(Textile Chemist and Colorist)》25(1993)31~37中描述的那样实施。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片有利地用于染色制剂中,例如染色浴或印花色浆中,以分散的形式使用。
在本发明抗菌SiOz薄片的分散期间和在其加工期间,优选维持仅出现较弱的剪切力的条件,以免将本发明抗菌SiOz薄片破碎成较小碎片。
惯用分散剂,优选非离子分散剂,可用于该分散体的制备。
适合本发明方法的粘结剂包括纺织印染中惯用的颜料染料粘结剂,例如基于丙烯酸酯的、基于氨基甲酸酯的或基于丁二烯的粘结剂。此类粘结剂乃是本领域技术人员公知的。
合适的丙烯酸酯粘结剂是例如丙烯酸类聚合物,如聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯或者(甲基)丙烯酸酯与适当共聚单体如以下单体的混合聚合物:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、中康酸、柠康酸、醋酸乙烯酯、羟基乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、巴豆酸、乌头酸、乙酸烯丙酯、羟基乙酸烯丙酯、丙二酸烯丙酯、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸、戊烯二酸或琥珀酸烯丙酯,或者与这些酸的酯、(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基乙酰胺、(甲基)丙烯醛、N-乙烯基-N-甲基乙酰胺、乙烯基己内酰胺、苯乙烯衍生物或乙烯基膦酸;甲酰胺衍生物;合成树脂分散体;基于乙烯基的混合聚合物;二酰胺/醛预缩合物;包含N-乙烯基内酰胺或丁二烯基的聚合物的混合聚合物。合适的丙烯酸酯粘结剂可溶于水介质中或者在含有水混溶性有机溶剂的水介质中,恰当的话,外加碱。所述丙烯酸酯粘结剂优选以水性制剂的形式使用。此种丙烯酸酯粘结剂以酸性或部分或完全中和的形式市售供应,例如Primal(Rohm & Haas)、Neocryl(NeoResins)/Carbocet(BF Goodrich)、Joncryl(Johnson Polymers)或SLCOPRINT或KNITTEX(Ciba Specialty Chemicals)粘结剂。
按照一种本发明实施方案,染色制剂,例如印花色浆或染浴是通过利用包含本发明抗菌SiOz薄片和粘结剂的浓缩制剂制备的。此种制剂优选是水性制剂。抗菌SiOz薄片与粘结剂之间的重量比优选介于1∶1~1∶50,尤其是1∶1~1∶10。尤其优选1∶1~1∶5的重量比。本发明抗菌SiOz薄片在制剂中优选以2~80g/kg,尤其是5~50g/kg的数量存在。粘结剂在制剂中以优选地20~200g/kg,尤其是30~150g/kg的数量存在。
该染色制剂另外可包含其它助剂,例如在颜料印花中惯用的,例如交联剂。
合适的交联剂例如是水溶性蜜胺、甲醛/蜜胺和甲醛/脲树脂或预缩合物,例如三羟甲基蜜胺、六羟甲基蜜胺或二羟甲基脲,或甲醛与以下化合物的水溶性(预)缩合物产物:甲酰胺、硫脲、胍、氰胺、双氰胺和/或水溶性有机磺酸盐,例如萘磺酸的钠盐,或乙醛酸脲衍生物,例如下式的化合物:
尤其是含氮化合物的N-羟甲基衍生物,例如非醚化的或醚化的蜜胺/甲醛缩合产物或N-羟甲基脲化合物。
非醚化或醚化蜜胺/甲醛缩合产物的例子是下式的化合物
非醚化或醚化的N-羟甲基脲化合物是,例如甲醛与脲或脲衍生物的反应产物,该反应产物随后进行醚化,合适的脲衍生物是,例如环状乙烯或丙烯脲,它们还可含有取代基如在其亚烷基基团中羟基基团、糖醛(urones)或未取代的或取代的三嗪酮树脂。
相应N-羟甲基脲化合物的例子是未改性或改性的N-羟甲基羟基乙烯脲产物,例如下式的化合物:
或基于丙烯脲或乙烯脲/蜜胺的羟甲基化产物。
优选的交联剂是未改性或改性的N-羟甲基羟聚乙烯脲化合物、基于丙烯脲或乙烯脲/蜜胺羟甲基化产物,以及特别是非醚化或醚化的蜜胺/甲醛缩合产物。也可以使用两种或更多种不同水溶性交联剂的混合物,例如由非醚化和仅部分地醚化的蜜胺/甲醛缩合产物构成的混合物。
合适的交联剂是公知的、以商品名ALCOPRINT(Ciba SpecialtyChemicals)供应的产品。
要求的话,另外可使用交联催化剂。
用于本发明方法的合适的交联催化剂是,例如抗皱和不脆整理的催化剂,正如从Textilhilfsmittelkatalog 1991,Konradin Verlag R.Kohlhammer,Leinfelden-Echterdingen 1991中公知的。合适的交联催化剂的例子是无机酸,例如磷酸;路易斯酸,例如氯化锌、氯氧化锆、NaBF4、AlCl3、MgCl2;铵盐,例如硫酸铵、氯化铵;或卤化氢,尤其是有机胺的氢氯化物,例如CH3-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3·HCl。优选采用铵盐或含镁路易斯酸以及,尤其是使用氯化铵或氯化镁。
为提高染色或印花纤维材料的柔软性以及由此得到特殊手感,本发明常用的染色制剂还可另外包含织物柔软剂。织物柔软剂在纺织工业中是公知的。它们是非离子、阴离子活性、阳离子或两性柔软剂。硅酮的乳液,大多为高分子量α,ω-二甲基聚硅氧烷占有特殊地位。基于硅酮乳液的织物柔软剂是优选的。此类织物柔软剂有市售供应,例如商品名为AVIVAN或ULTRATEX(Ciba Specialty Chemicals)。
要求的话,染色制剂可另外包含酸供体如丁内酰胺或磷酸氢钠、防腐剂、螯合剂、乳化剂、不溶于水的溶剂、氧化剂或脱泡剂。
合适的防腐剂尤其是生成甲醛的试剂,例如低聚甲醛和三烷,尤其是水性的,约30~40wt%甲醛溶液;合适的螯合剂例如是次氮基三乙酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸钠,尤其是聚偏磷酸钠,更尤其是六偏磷酸钠;合适的乳化剂尤其是氧化烯与脂肪醇的加成物,尤其是油醇和环氧乙烷的加成物;合适的不溶于水的溶剂是高沸点、饱和烃,尤其是沸点范围介于约160~210℃的石蜡(所谓白色溶剂油);合适的氧化剂是,例如芳族硝基化合物,尤其是芳族一-或二-硝基羧酸或-磺酸,它们可以是呈氧化烯加成物的形式,尤其是硝基苯磺酸;并且合适的脱泡剂是,例如高沸点溶剂,尤其是松节油、高级醇,优选C8~C10醇、萜醇或基于矿物油和/或硅油的脱泡剂,尤其是由约15~25wt%矿物油和硅油和约75~85wt%C8醇,例如2-乙基-正己醇的混合物构成的市售制剂。
染色制剂可通过各种不同方法施涂到纤维材料上,尤其是以染料含水浴和印花色浆形式。它们尤其适合通过浸轧染色方法染色和印花。其它合适的方法是泡沫染色方法和喷墨印刷方法印花,或者采用Chromojet(商品名)方法,用于例如地毯的印花。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片在染色浴或印花色浆中一般以0.001~15wt%,尤其是0.01~1wt%的用量使用,以被处理材料重量为基准计,而0.05~200g,尤其是1.0~100g本发明抗菌SiOz薄片每kg印花色浆已证明是有利的。
印花色浆一般包含1~400g,尤其是20~250g粘结剂每kg印花色浆。
除了包含抗菌SiOz薄片和粘结剂之外,印花色浆有利地还包含合成源增稠剂,例如基于聚(甲基)丙烯酸、聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺及其共聚物和三元共聚物的那些。
优选基于聚(甲基)丙烯酸钾或钠盐的增稠剂,因为当使用此种增稠剂时可有利地部分或完全不用加入氨或铵盐。
其它增稠剂的例子是市售增稠剂、淀粉醚、刺槐豆胶粉醚和纤维素醚。合适的纤维素醚是,例如甲基-、乙基-、羧甲基-、羟乙基-、甲基羟乙基-、羟丙基-和羟丙基甲基-纤维素。合适的藻酸盐尤其是碱金属藻酸盐,优选藻酸钠。
在纤维材料的印花中,印花色浆沿整个面积或在若干部位直接施涂到纤维材料上,有利的是采用传统式样的印花机,例如intaglio印花机、辊筒网印机、辊筒印花机和平网印花机。
印花以后,纤维材料有利地进行干燥,优选在80~120℃的温度。
随后,实施印花的固色,例如通过热处理,优选地在120~190℃的温度实施。在这种情况下,固色优选地进行1~8min。
然而,固色也可借助电离辐射或者用紫外光照射来实施。
当采用紫外射线时,一般要求光引发剂的存在。光引发剂能吸收射线以便产生引发聚合反应的自由基。合适的光引发剂乃是本领域技术人员公知的。
本发明方法适合给各种各样纤维材料染色或印花,例如毛、丝、纤维素、聚丙烯腈、甲酰胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯,聚酯或聚氨酯。
优选含有纤维素的纤维材料。合适的含纤维素的纤维材料是完全或部分地由纤维素组成的材料。例子是天然纤维材料,例如棉、亚麻或大麻、再生纤维材料,例如粘胶、高湿模量或铜氨人造丝。合适的还有含有纤维素的混合纤维材料,就是说,含纤维素与其它纤维的混合物,尤其是棉/聚酯纤维材料。
主要使用这些纤维的机织物、针织物或纤网。
本发明方法凭借本发明抗菌SiOz薄片能提供达到长效整理纺织材料的可能。
也可将本发明抗菌SiOz薄片掺入到非织造物中。
“非织造物”是一种织物的类型,它不是纺纱和织造制成的布,而是粘合在一起的。按照ISO的定义,它是一种制造的片材、纤网或垫子,由定向或无规取向的纤维借助摩擦和/或附着力粘合构成的。
非织造纺织品广泛用于一次性以及永久物品,例如婴儿尿布、妇女卫生用品、成人失禁、擦布、床衬、汽车工业、医疗面罩、空气和水的滤材、日用家具和土工布。此类材料可通过不同技术制造,例如纺粘、熔喷、梳理热粘合和梳理化学粘合,干和/或湿铺以及针刺毡化。由于此领域的特性,使得市场对具有诸如抗菌效力之类特殊性能的产品的需求与日俱增。
在各种各样非织造产品中,采用纺粘和熔喷技术制造的材料具有某些独特性能,并由于在制造过程和产品性能方面的原因变得日益重要。纺粘非织造物可由热塑性聚合物如聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯和尼龙直接制造。该方法的制造成本较低,加工性和最终产品的性能,例如作为婴儿尿布、女性卫生用品和成人失禁用品的面料,有改进。纺粘非织造物也可应用于耐用产品如土工布和屋面膜。以大表面积和小孔隙尺寸为特征,熔喷非织造物在其纤维旦数和细密程度方面不同于传统纺粘物。但类似地,熔喷非织造物也通过直接挤出热塑性聚合物,尤其是高熔体流动性的聚丙烯来制造。它们的用途包括过滤、女性卫生用品、擦布、面罩和吸收剂。
使用的非织造物优选采用纺粘和熔喷方法或者采用梳理化学粘合、梳理热粘合、干和/或湿铺以及针刺毡化来制备。
据此,本发明抗菌SiOz薄片也可用于生产抗菌纺织品。
在所述方面,本发明提供包含本发明抗菌SiOz薄片的纤维纺织制品,所述抗菌SiOz薄片以足以赋予所述制品抗菌性能的数量存在。抗菌SiOz薄片的含量宜于介于0.001~10wt%,优选0.01~1wt%的范围。
包含本发明抗菌SiOz薄片的纺织制品,特别是织造和非织造亲水布,表现出对各种致病源如细菌、病毒、酵母和藻类的优异抗菌能力,并耐受日晒(紫外线)后的降解和保持其卓越抗菌性能,即便在经过多次洗涤以后。
本发明还涉及一种具有抗菌性能的光学透明透镜,它包含本发明抗菌SiOz薄片,尤其是含银的抗菌SiOz薄片。
这里所使用的术语“光学透明”是指一种透镜,它具有与目前市售供应的透镜,例如etafilcon A、balafilcon A之类不相上下的光学透明度。
本发明抗菌SiOz薄片的光学透明性可通过以下参数控制:
-多孔SiOz薄片的孔隙尺寸,它尤其是介于1~20nm,非常尤其是2~10nm范围,即,该银纳米颗粒的粒度,它尤其是介于1~20nm,非常尤其是2~10nm范围。
-硝酸银溶液与SiOz薄片接触期间的温度以及
-抗菌SiOz薄片的煅烧温度,一般低于900℃,尤其是低于600℃,非常尤其是200~600℃。
术语“透镜”是指驻留在眼睛内或表面上的眼器件。这些器件可提供光学矫正或者可以是美容用的。术语透镜包括但不限于软隐形眼镜、硬隐形眼镜、眼内透镜、眼表面的透镜、眼的植入物和光学植入物。典型硬隐形眼镜由包括但不限于聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、氟化丙烯酸酯、含氟醚、聚乙炔和聚酰亚胺的聚合物构成,其中代表性例子的制备可见诸于JP 200010055、JP 6123860和US-B-4,330,383。典型软隐形眼镜由硅橡胶或水凝胶制成,包括但不限于硅酮水凝胶和含氟水凝胶。代表性软隐形眼镜的制备可见诸于US-B-5,710,302、WO94/21698、EP-A-406161、JP2000016905、US-B-5,998,498和US-B-6,087,415。市售软隐形眼镜的例子包括但不限于etafilcon A、genfilcon A、lenefilcon A、polymacon和lotrafilcon A。本发明的眼内透镜可采用公知的材料成形。例如该透镜可由硬材料制造,包括但不限于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯等及其组合。另外,柔性材料也可使用,包括但不限于水凝胶、有机硅材料、丙烯酸类材料、碳氟化合物材料等或其组合。典型眼内透镜描述在WO0026698、WO0022460、WO9929750、WO9927978和WO0022459中。所有上面提到的透镜都可涂以多种被用来涂布透镜的试剂。例如可采用US-B-6,087,415的程序、组合物和方法,在此将该专利的那些程序、组合物和方法收作参考。包含银的抗菌SiOz薄片可加入到其它组成部分的单体混合物中。获得的混合物被加入到模具中并进行固化。
银在透镜中的含量大于0.01wt%,其中百分率以未水化的单体的元件重量为基准计。银的重量百分率介于约0.01~约0.3wt%,更优选约0.02~约0.2wt%,最优选约0.03~约0.1wt%。
术语“抗菌性能”指的是表现出一种或多种以下性能的透镜:抑制细菌或其它微生物在透镜上的粘附,抑制细菌或其它微生物在透镜上的生长,以及杀灭透镜表面或者从透镜朝外延伸某一半径内的细菌或其它微生物。特别优选的是,本发明透镜在活体试验中表现出某一可存活细菌或其它微生物的1-log减少率(>90%抑制率),最特别优选的是约2-log减少率(>99%抑制率)。此类细菌或其它微生物包括但不限于,存在于眼内的那些微生物,特别是铜氯假单胞菌、Acanthanmoeba、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌和沙雷氏菌。
进而,本发明包括一种包含本发明抗菌SiOz薄片,尤其是含银抗菌SiOz薄片的具有抗菌性能的透镜盒。术语透镜盒指的是专门用来规定一个空间,当透镜不使用时透镜就放在其中的容器。该术语包括透镜用的包装,其中该包装包括任何用于贮存固化后的透镜的装置。该包装的例子包括但不限于一次性使用的气泡包装等。一种这样的容器被表示在US-B-5,515,117的图3中。抗菌SiOz薄片可掺入到该透镜容器22、盖子24或透镜篮26中,此时优选地将薄片掺入到透镜容器或透镜篮子中。(数字代号参见US-B-5,515,117)。
除了包含银的空间SiOz薄片之外,该容器零件还可由透明热塑性聚合物材料制成,例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等;聚酯、聚氨酯;丙烯酸类聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚碳酸酯等,例如采用传统技术通过模塑制成单一装置。按照与本发明透镜同样的方式,含银抗菌SiOz薄片还可加入到其它零件的单体混合物中。获得的混合物被注入到模具中并进行固化。优选的是,活化的银在透镜盒零件中任何一个或全部中以约0.01~约10wt%(以起始单体混合物为基准计),更优选约0.05~约3.0wt%的数量存在。
本发明还涉及包含掺入了该抗菌SiOz薄片的聚合物材料的牙科器械。抗菌SiOz薄片占到聚合物材料总重量的约0.5~50.0wt%。该聚合物材料优选是包含抗菌SiOz薄片的涂层。牙科器械优选是牙托架或弓形金属丝。
下面的实施例说明本发明但不限制其范围。除非另行指出,百分率和份数一律分别是重量百分率和重量份数。
实施例
实施例1
在氮气气氛下搅拌制备17.0g(0.1mol)AgNO3在冰-冷的去离子水(200mL)中的溶液。在连续搅拌下慢慢加入按照类似于WO2004/065295的实施例1得到的2.0g多孔SiOz薄片(z≈1.4~1.6;BET=716m2/g)。悬浮物在室温下搅拌7日,过滤,用去离子水和甲醇清洗至不合硝酸根。残余物在35℃的真空中干燥并在600℃煅烧。
含银氧化硅薄片通过X-射线衍射表征。元素分析显示银含量等于0.46%。由BET测定推算的表面积是704m2/g。
图2是实施例1的涂银薄片SiOz薄片的X-射线衍射图形。不存在AgNO3或Ag2O的峰。
获得的含银氧化硅薄片的杀菌活性按照CG161/欧洲标准方法EN1040进行测定。含银氧化硅薄片在悬浮浓度为1%时表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的优异杀菌活性(5min后,>5log)。当在悬浮浓度最高为2.5%进行测试时,银含量为2.1-2.2%的含银沸石在5min之后不显示任何活性。
实施例2
将1.0g多孔SiOz悬浮在75mL甲醇中并冷却至-50℃。制备0.25g(1.5mmol)AgNO3在75mL甲醇中的溶液,在超声波浴中充分均化,并在-50℃连续搅拌下将它滴加到SiOz悬浮体中。悬浮体在-50℃下搅拌4h,过滤并用甲醇清洗至不含硝酸根。残余物在60℃的真空中干燥并任选地在400~600℃煅烧。
SiOz薄片上的银通过X-射线衍射进行表征。元素分析证明,银含量等于0.5%。由BET测定推算的表面积是1000m2/g。在实施例2中描述的方法中获得的涂银薄片在悬浮浓度为1%时显示出对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的优异杀菌活性(5min后,>5log)。
实施例3~5
类似于实施例2,得到以下涂银薄片SiOz薄片(z≈1.4~1.6):
实施例 | Ag含量[wt%] | BET表面积[m2/g] |
3 | 0.5 | 1002 |
4 | 0.6 | 750 |
5 | 0.8 | 800 |
实施例6
将0.35g多孔SiOz悬浮在100mL甲醇中并冷却至-50℃。制备0.25g(1.5mmol)AgNO3在20mL去离子水中的溶液,与0.35mL 25%NH3溶液进行混合并随后以甲醇补加至50mL。在-50℃连续搅拌下将该溶液滴加到上面提到的SiOz悬浮体中。该悬浮体在-50℃搅拌2h,过滤并以冷却的甲醇清洗至不含硝酸根。残余物在60℃真空中干燥。
元素分析表明银含量等于6.0wt%Ag。
实施例7
将1g无孔SiOz薄片(按照类似于WO03/068868实施例I中描述的方法获得;z≈1.4~1.6)悬浮在60mL甲醇中并冷却至-60℃。制备60mL 0.5M AgNO3水溶液并在连续搅拌下在-60℃ 2h内滴加到SiOz悬浮体中。对该悬浮体进行过滤,以冷却的去离子水和冷却的甲醇充分洗涤直至滤液不含硝酸根。残余物在60℃真空中进行干燥。该涂银的薄片任选地在400℃空气中加热20h。
元素分析表明银含量等于0.44wt%Ag。在实施例7中描述的方法中获得的涂银薄片在1%的悬浮浓度显示出对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的优异灭菌活性(5min后,>5log)。
实施例8:
在室温将6.7g多孔SiOz薄片(按照类似于WO03/068868的实施例I中描述的方法获得;z≈1.4~1.6)悬浮在500mL去离子水中。制备380mg AgNO3在50mL去离子水中的溶液并在连续搅拌下在3h内滴加到SiOz悬浮体中。对该黑色悬浮体进行过滤,以去离子水和甲醇充分洗涤。残余物在60℃真空中进行干燥。该涂银的薄片任选地在600℃空气中加热3h,得到无色产品。元素分析表明银含量等于0.82wt%Ag。
实施例9:
在室温将1.5g多孔SiOz薄片(按照类似于WO03/068868的实施例I中描述的方法获得;z≈1.4~1.6)悬浮在25mL去离子水中。制备0.32g CuCl2在15mL去离子水中的溶液并在连续搅拌下滴加到SiOz悬浮体中。将该悬浮体在16h内加热至80℃。向冷却的混合物中滴加0.47g水合肼在15mL去离子水中的溶液。将悬浮体在16h内加热至80℃。对该深色混合物进行过滤并以去离子水和甲醇充分洗涤。残余物在60℃真空中进行干燥。产物任选地在500℃空气中加热3h,得到1.40g。元素分析显示铜含量等于9.62wt%Cu。
实施例10:
程序与实施例11的相同,只是以0.36g NaBH4替代水合肼,得到灰色产物,含7.47wt%Cu。
实施例11:
在室温将4.8g多孔SiOz薄片(按照类似于WO03/068868的实施例I中描述的方法获得;z≈1.4~1.6)悬浮在150mL去离子水中。制备0.8g PdCl2和1.6g NaCl在50mL去离子水中的溶液并在连续搅拌下滴加到SiOz悬浮体中。悬浮体在75℃加热1h。向冷却的混合物中滴加0.25g水合肼在25mL去离子水中的溶液。对该黑色悬浮体进行过滤并以去离子水和甲醇充分洗涤。残余物在60℃真空中进行干燥。涂钯的薄片任选地在600℃空气中加热2h,获得4.86g褐色产物。元素分析显示钯含量等于9.60wt%Pd。
实施例12
将0.08g乙酸镍四水合物溶解在30mL去离子水中。在搅拌下加入0.51g多孔SiOz薄片。制备10mg NaBH4在30mL去离子水中的溶液并在连续搅拌下滴加到SiOz悬浮体中。悬浮体在80℃加热20h。随后对冷却的混合物进行过滤并以去离子水和甲醇充分洗涤。残余物在60℃真空中进行干燥。在600℃空气中任选地热处理2h,获得0.47g浅绿色产物。
Claims (12)
1.一种SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片,其中0.70≤z≤2.0,尤其是0.95≤z≤2.0,尤其是多孔SiO2薄片,它包含有机或无机抗菌化合物或组合物。
2.权利要求1的SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片,其中有机抗菌化合物或组合物选自二甲基二羟甲基乙内酰脲(Glydan)、甲基氯代异噻唑啉酮/甲基异噻唑啉酮(Kathon CG)、咪唑烷基脲(Germall115)、二唑烷基(diazolidinyl)脲(Germaill)、苄醇、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇(Bronopol)、福尔马林(甲醛)、丁基氨基甲酸碘代丙烯酯(Polyphase P100)、氯代乙酰胺、甲胺、甲基二溴腈戊二腈(1,2-二溴-2,4-二氰基丁烷或Tektamer)、戊二醛、5-溴-5-硝基-1,3-二烷(Bronidox)、苯乙醇、邻苯基苯酚/邻苯基苯酚钠、羟甲基甘氨酸钠(Suttocide A)、聚甲氧基双环唑烷(Nuosept C)、二甲克生、硫柳汞、二氯苄醇、克菌丹、氯苯甘醚、双氯酚、氯丁醇、月桂酸甘油酯、卤化二苯基醚、2,4,4’-三氯-2’-羟基-二苯基醚(Triclosn或TCS)、4,4’-二氯-2’-羟基二苯基醚、2,2’-二羟基-5,5’-二溴-二苯基醚、酚类化合物、苯酚、2-甲基苯酚、3-甲基苯酚、4-甲基苯酚、4-乙基苯酚、2,4-二甲基苯酚、2,5-二甲基苯酚、3,4-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二甲基苯酚、4-正丙基苯酚、4-正丁基苯酚、4-正戊基苯酚、4-叔戊基苯酚、4-正己基苯酚、4-正庚基苯酚、单-和多-烷基和芳族卤代苯酚、对氯酚、甲基对氯酚、乙基对氯酚、正丙基对氯酚、正丁基对氯酚、正戊基对氯酚、仲戊基对氯酚、环己基对氯酚、正庚基对氯酚、正辛基对氯酚、邻氯酚、甲基邻氯酚、乙基邻氯酚、正丙基邻氯酚、正丁基邻氯酚、正戊基邻氯酚、叔戊基邻氯酚、正己基邻氯酚、正庚基邻氯酚、邻苄基对氯酚、邻苄基-间甲基对氯酚、邻苄基-间,间-二甲基对氯酚、邻苯基乙基对氯酚、邻苯乙基-间甲基对氯酚、3-甲基对氯酚、3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-乙基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-正丙基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-异丙基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-乙基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-仲丁基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-异丙基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-二乙基甲基-3-甲基对氯酚、6-异丙基-2-乙基-3-甲基对氯酚、2-仲戊基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、2-二乙基甲基-3,5-二甲基对氯酚、6-仲辛基-3-甲基对氯酚、对氯-间-甲酚、对溴酚、甲基对溴酚、乙基对溴酚、正丙基对溴酚、正丁基对溴酚、正戊基对溴酚、仲戊基对溴酚、正己基对溴酚、环己基对溴酚、邻溴酚、叔戊基邻溴酚、正己基邻溴酚、正丙基-间,间-二甲基邻溴酚、2-苯基酚、4-氯-2-甲基酚、4-氯-3-甲基酚、4-氯-3,5-二甲基酚、2,4-二氯-3,5-二甲基酚、3,4,5,6-四溴-2-甲基酚、5-甲基-2-戊基酚、4-异丙基-3-甲基酚、对氯-间二甲酚(pcmx)、氯代百里酚、苯氧基乙醇、苯氧基异丙醇、5-氯-2-羟基二苯甲烷、间苯二酚及其衍生物、间苯二酚、甲基间苯二酚、乙基间苯二酚、正丙基间苯二酚、正丁基间苯二酚、正戊基间苯二酚、正己基间苯二酚、正庚基间苯二酚、正辛基间苯二酚、正壬基间苯二酚、苯基间苯二酚、苄基间苯二酚、苯基乙基间苯二酚、苯基丙基间苯二酚、对氯苄基间苯二酚、5-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、4’-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、5-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、4’-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯基甲烷、双酚化合物、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-氯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(3,4,6-三氯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-氯-6-溴酚)、双(2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基)硫醚、双(2-羟基-5-氯苄基)硫醚、苯甲酸酯(对羟基苯甲酸酯类)、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸苄酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠盐、卤代对称二苯脲、3,4,4’-三氯对称二苯脲(Triclosarban或TCC)、3-氟甲基-4,4’-二氯对称二苯脲、3,3’,4-三氯对称二苯脲、洗必泰及其二葡萄糖酸盐、二乙酸盐和二盐酸盐、十一碳烯酸、海克替啶和聚(六亚甲基双胍)盐酸盐(Cosmocil)、塞奈普汀、10,10’-氧基双苯氧基胂、戊唑醇、托萘酯、双(2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧化物)锌、2-正辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、4,5-二氯-辛基-4-异噻唑啉、N-丁基苯并异噻唑啉、3-碘代-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯、甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基氨基甲酸酯及其混合物。
3.权利要求1的SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片,其中无机抗菌化合物或组合物包含抗菌金属盐,尤其是包括选自以下金属的盐的金属盐:Mn、Ag、Au、Zn、Sn、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni、Co、Ti、Zr、Cr、La、Bi、K、Cd、Yb、Dy、Nd、Ce、Tl、Pr及其组合。
4.权利要求1的SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片,其中金属盐选自氟化物、天门冬氨酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、碘化物、氧化物、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、硫化物、巯基吡啶-氧化物(例如2-巯基吡啶氧化锌)、烟酸盐和烟酸酰胺、扁柏酚、乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、氯化物、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、戊二酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、丙二酸盐、水扬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、十一烷酸盐及其组合。
5.权利要求1的SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片,其中无机抗菌化合物或组合物包含金属,尤其是选自以下的金属:Mn、Ag、Au、Zn、Sn、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni、Co、Ti、Zr、Cr、La、Bi、K、Cd、Yb、Dy、Nd、Ce、Tl、Pr及其组合,非常尤其是银、金、铜、锌及其组合。
6.权利要求4或5的SiOz薄片,尤其是多孔SiOz薄片,其中SiOz薄片含有数量为0.001~20.0wt%,尤其是0.01~10wt%,非常尤其是0.1~5.0wt%的抗菌金属盐。
7.一种抗菌组合物,它包含高分子量有机材料和权利要求1~6中任何一项的抗菌SiOz薄片。
8.权利要求7的抗菌组合物,其中高分子量有机材料是热塑性或热固性树脂,例如聚乙烯(例如LDPE、HDPE或MDPE)、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、尼龙、聚酯、不饱和聚酯(UP)、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚酰胺、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚缩醛、聚乙烯醇、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸树脂、氟塑料、聚氨酯(PUR)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、酚醛树脂、尿素树脂、蜜胺树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、氨基甲酸酯树脂、人造丝、脲醛树脂(UF)、铜氨人造丝、乙酸酯、三乙酸酯、亚乙烯基、天然或合成橡胶、或漆,例如亲液漆、大漆、清漆和烷基树脂型、氨基醇酸树脂型、乙烯基树脂型、丙烯酸树脂型、环氧树脂型、氨基甲酸酯树脂型、水型、粉末型、氯化橡胶型或酚醛漆。
9.一种抗菌产品,包含权利要求1~6中任何一项的抗菌SiOz薄片。
10.权利要求9的产品,其中产品是个人护理产品,例如牙膏、漱口水,除臭剂像喷雾剂、棒和滚珠式,洗手皂、手卫生清洁剂,个人清洁产品像洗澡液、淋浴凝胶,护肤产品像爽身水、霜、油和凝胶,护发产品像清洗液或香波,或者日用护理产品,例如硬表面清洁剂、餐具洗涤剂、衣服洗涤剂、玻璃清洁剂和地板蜡,工业或医院产品,例如医疗器械和手套、隐形眼镜、(隐形眼镜)透镜盒、(隐形眼镜)透镜贮存溶液、隐形眼镜清洗液、口香糖,或者纺织制品、纤维材料、纸材料、纸涂料、胶粘剂、装饰涂料,工业涂料、粉末涂料或漆。
11.权利要求1~6中任何一项的抗菌SiOz薄片或者权利要求7或8的组合物用于抑制微生物,例如一般细菌、酵母、真菌和藻类的生长和繁殖的应用。
12.制备权利要求5的抗菌SiOz薄片的方法,包括:
a)将SiOz’薄片悬浮在溶剂中,尤其是水和/或C1~4-醇中,其中z’<2,尤其是1≤z’≤1.8,非常尤其是1.4≤z≤1.8;
b)向该溶液中加入溶剂可溶性抗菌金属盐以及任选的还原剂,以及
c)分离含金属的SiOz薄片,其中0.70≤z≤2.0,尤其是0.95≤z≤2.0。
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