CN1886135A - 用作毒蕈碱性受体调节剂的苯基-哌嗪衍生物 - Google Patents
用作毒蕈碱性受体调节剂的苯基-哌嗪衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1886135A CN1886135A CNA2004800347172A CN200480034717A CN1886135A CN 1886135 A CN1886135 A CN 1886135A CN A2004800347172 A CNA2004800347172 A CN A2004800347172A CN 200480034717 A CN200480034717 A CN 200480034717A CN 1886135 A CN1886135 A CN 1886135A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及毒蕈碱性受体的调节剂。本发明还提供包含这类调节剂的组合物以及使用它们治疗毒蕈碱受体介导的疾病的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及毒草碱性受体的调节剂。本发明还提供包含这类调节剂的组合物以及使用它们治疗毒草碱受体介导的疾病的方法。
背景技术
神经递质乙酰胆碱与以下两类胆碱能受体结合:离子通道型烟碱性受体家族和代谢型毒蕈碱性受体家族。毒草碱性受体属于质膜结合G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)大型超家族。迄今为止,已经从各种不同的物种克隆到五种毒草碱性受体亚型(M1-M5)并对它们进行了测序,它们显示出不同物种和受体亚型之间具有显著的高度同源性。这些M1-M5毒草碱性受体主要在对中枢和外周组织施加刺激和抑制控制作用的副交感神经系统中表达,从此参与多种生理作用,包括心率、觉醒、认知、感觉处理、和运动控制。
毒草碱性激动剂(如毒草碱和毛果芸香碱)和拮抗剂(如阿托品)在一个世纪之前就已经为人们所知,但对受体亚型具选择性的化合物的发现却几乎没有什么进展,从而难以确定各受体所具有的特定功能。参见DeLapp,N.等“中枢神经系统中毒草碱性受体的治疗机遇”(Therapeutic Opportunities for Muscarinic Receptors in the CentralNervous System),J.Med.Chem.,43(23),pp.4333-4353(2000);Hulme,E.C.等,“毒草碱性受体亚型”(Muscarinic ReceptorSubtypes),Ann.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol.,30,pp.633-673(1990);Caulfield,M.P.等,“毒草碱性受体-表征、偶联及功能”(MuscarinicReceptors-Characterization,Coupling,and Function),Pharmacol.Ther.,58,pp.319-379(1993);Caulfield,M.P.等,国际药理学联合会(International Union of Pharmacology).XVII.“毒草碱型乙酰胆碱受体的分类”(Classification of Musearinic AcetylcholineReceptors),Pharmacol.Rev.,50,pp.279-290(1998),这些文献的内容在此引入用作参考。
毒草碱性受体家族是用于各种疾病的大量药物的靶标,这些药物包括用于COPD、哮喘、尿失禁、青光眼、阿耳茨海默氏病(AchE抑制剂)、及疼痛的先导药物。
疼痛大致可分为三种不同类型:急性、炎症性、和神经病变性。急性疼痛在保持机体安全免受可能会产生组织损伤的刺激方面起着重要的保护作用。如果不加注意的话,一些热、机械或化学性输入信号(input)可能会对机体产生一些损伤。急性疼痛起着使个体迅速摆脱损伤环境的作用。急性疼痛的特有性质通常表现为持续时间短但非常剧烈。相反,炎症性疼痛则持续较长时间,其强度更是多变的。炎症可能由多种原因引起,包括组织损伤、自身免疫反应、和病原体侵入。炎症性疼痛由P物质、组胺、酸、前列腺素、缓激肽、CGRP、细胞因子、ATP和神经递质释放物组成的“炎性液质”(inflammatory soup)介导。第三类疼痛是神经病变性疼痛,与神经损伤有关系,结果引起神经元蛋白和回路的组织再生,产生病理性“致敏”状态,从而产生持续数年的慢性疼痛。此类疼痛不产生自适应性的有利因素,因此采用现有的治疗物特别难于治疗。
疼痛,尤其是神经病变性和顽固性疼痛,存在着远远未能满足的医疗需求。数百万人患有用现有药物不能完全控制的严重疼痛。用于治疗疼痛的现有药物包括NSAIDS、COX2抑制剂、阿片样物质、三环抗抑郁药、以及抗惊厥药。由于神经病变性疼痛对阿片样物质(直至达到高剂量的情形下)不产生良好的反应,这种疼痛一直难以治疗。加巴喷丁(Gabapentin)尽管只对60%的患者起作用显示出适当效力,但它仍然是目前治疗神经病变性疼痛的优选药物。尽管该药物在高剂量下存在镇静问题,但它是安全的,并且副作用通常是可耐受的。
尽管该受体家族具有高的治疗价值,但由于胆碱能药物缺乏选择性,对副交感神经自主系统具有显著的激活作用以及高的副作用发生率,这些药物是受限制的。最近,采用基因敲除小鼠对毒蕈碱性受体的分子克隆以及对特定同种型的生理作用的鉴别,已经勾画出用于选择性毒草碱性配体的新机遇,且有助于确定增强效力和降低副作用所需要的选择性方案。
需要毒草碱性受体M1-M5的调节剂。也需要治疗毒蕈碱性受体介导的疾病的方法。
同样也需要对亚型M1-M5具选择性的毒草碱性受体调节剂。
发明概述
本发明提供调节毒蕈碱性受体活性的方法,包括使所述受体与下式化合物接触的步骤:
其中:
B选自
D为CF2,CH2,或CHR9;
环C为任选被1-4个的R1、R2、R3、R4或R5取代的苯基;
环A为3-8元的单环碳环,7-14元的二环碳环,7-14元的三环碳环,3-8元的单环杂环,7-14元的二环杂环,或7-14元的三环杂环,其中所述杂环含有1-5个选自O、S和N的原子;
其中环A含有最多至5个独立选自R1、R2、R3、R4或R5的取代基;
每个R1独立地为氧代或((C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1;
每个Q1独立地为卤素,CN,NO2,CF3,OCF3,OH,SR6,S(O)R6,SO2R6,N(R6)2,NR6R8,COOH,COOR6或OR6;
每个R2独立地为任选被1-3个独立选自R1、R4或R5的取代基取代的脂族基;
每个R3独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-3个独立选自R1、R2、R4或R5的取代基取代;
每个R4独立地为OR5,OR6,OC(O)R6,OC(O)R5,OC(O)OR6,OC(O)OR5,OC(O)N(R6)2,OC(O)N(R5)2,OC(O)N(R6R5),S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,N(R6)2,N(R5)2,N(R5R6),NR5C(O)R5,NR6C(O)R6,NR6C(O)R5,NR6C(O)OR6,NR5C(O)OR6,NR6C(O)OR5,NR5C(O)OR5,NR6C(O)N(R6)2,NR6C(O)NR5R6,NR6C(O)N(R5)2,NR5C(O)N(R6)2,NR5C(O)NR5R6,NR5C(O)N(R5)2,NR6SO2R6,NR6SO2R5,NR5SO2R5,NR6SO2N(R6)2,NR6SO2NR5R6,NR6SO2N(R5)2,NR5SO2NR5R6,NR5SO2N(R5)2,N(OR6)R6,N(OR6)R5,N(OR5)R5,或N(OR5)R6;
每个R5独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-3个R1取代;
每个R6独立地为H或任选被R7取代的脂族基;
每个R7独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂族基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-2个以下的基团取代:(C1-C6)-直链或支链烷基、(C2-C6)直链或支链的链烯基或炔基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、或(CH2)n-Q2;
每个Q2独立地选自卤素、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、S-脂族基、S(O)-脂族基、SO2-脂族基、COOH、C(O)O-脂族基、或O-脂族基;
每个R8独立地为氨基保护基;
每个R9独立地为R2,R3,或R6;
每个i独立地为0、1、2、或3;
每个m独立地为0或1;和
每个n独立地为0或1;
进一步的条件是:
(i)当n为1,D为CH2,C为苯基,且B为哌嗪时,则环A不能是:
(ii)当n为1,D为CH2,C为苯基,且B为哌嗪时,则环A不能是:
(iii)当n为0,C为苯基,且B为哌嗪时,则环A不能是:
(iv)当n为1,D为CH2,环A为任选被R4取代的1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,且B为哌嗪时,则C不能是被卤素取代的苯基、被-OCH3取代的苯基、或被卤素和-OCH3取代的苯基;
(v)当n为1,D为CH2,环A为
其中R20为-C(O)R5,-C(O)R6,-C(O)OR5,C(O)OR6,且B为哌嗪时,则C不能是任选被卤素或-OCH3取代的苯基。
本发明也提供了式(I)化合物、包含式(I)化合物的组合物、以及使用式(I)化合物治疗毒蕈碱性受体介导的疾病的方法。
有利的是,本发明的化合物出乎意料地能调节毒蕈碱性受体。
发明详述
除另有说明外,本文将采用以下的定义。
术语“毒蕈碱性受体”,如果不存在指定受体亚型的前缀,则是指五种受体亚型M1-M5中的一种或多种。
本文中使用的术语“调节”是指能以可测量的量增加或减少例如活性。通过增强毒草碱性受体的活性来调节毒草碱性活性的化合物称为激动剂。通过降低毒草碱性受体的活性来调节毒草碱性活性的化合物称为拮抗剂。激动剂与毒草碱性受体相互作用,提高受体转导应答内源性配体结合的胞内信号的能力。拮抗剂与毒草碱性受体相互作用并与内源性配体或底物竞争受体上的结合部位,降低了受体传导应答内源性配体结合的胞内信号的能力。
短语“治疗或减轻毒草碱性受体介导的疾病的严重程度”这两种情形是指治疗由毒草碱性活性直接引起的疾病以及缓解不是由毒蕈碱性活性直接引起的疾病的症状。其症状受毒蕈碱性活性影响的疾病的实例包括但不限于CNS源性疾病(包括认知障碍)、注意力不集中的过度反应症(ADHD)、肥胖症、阿耳茨海默氏病、各种痴呆症如血管性痴呆,精神病包括精神分裂症,躁狂症,双相性精神障碍,疼痛包括急性和慢性综合症,Huntington舞蹈病,Friederich病,Gilles de laTourette综合症,Down氏综合症,Pick病,临床性抑郁症,帕金森病,外周性疾病如减轻青光眼眼内压和治疗包括Sjgren综合症在内的干性眼和口干燥,心动过缓,胃酸分泌,哮喘,胃肠障碍和创伤愈合。
短语“任选取代的”可与短语“取代的或未取代的”互换使用。
本文使用的术语“脂肪族基团”或“脂族基”,是指完全饱和(烷基)或不饱和(链烯基或炔基)的直链或支链、取代或未取代的烃链。除另有说明外,脂族基含有1-12个碳原子,优选1-6个碳原子,更优选的是含有1-4个碳原子。所述脂族基团中多达三个,优选两个的-CH2-可被O、S、或-NR6置换。
术语“环脂族基”是指饱和或部分饱和的单环或二环烃环,其具有与分子其它部分连接的单一位置。除另有说明外,优选的环脂族环为3-8元单环,较优选3-6元,更优选3、5或6元的单环。同样优选(另有说明除外)8-12元的二环烃环,更优选10元的二环烃环。
除另有说明外,术语“杂原子”是指氮、氧、或硫,并且包括氮和硫的任何氧化形式,以及任何碱性氮的季铵化形式。同样地,术语“氮”包括杂环的可取代氮。作为实例,在具有0-3个选自氧、硫或氮的杂原子的饱和或部分饱和环中,氮可以是N(例如在3,4-二氢-2H-吡咯基中),NH(例如在吡咯烷基中)或如在N-取代的吡咯烷基中。
本文中使用的术语“不饱和的”是指双键或三键。每条这种键构成了一个不饱和单位。
单独或作为较大基团如“芳烷基”、“芳烷氧基”或“芳氧基烷基”的一部分使用的术语“芳基”,是指芳香性的单环、二环和三环碳环体系。除另有说明外,优选的芳基环总共含有5-14个环原子,如果为二环或三环体系,则体系中至少一个环为芳香性的,并且体系中的每个环最多包含6个环原子。术语“芳基”可以与术语“芳基环”互换使用。苯基是芳基的实例。
本文中使用的术语“杂环”、“杂环基”或“杂环的”是指非芳香性的单环、二环或三环体系,其中一个或多个环原子是杂原子。除另有说明外,这种体系中的每个环将包含3-7个环原子,其中优选1-3个为杂原子。
单独或作为较大基团如“杂芳烷基”或“杂芳烷氧基”的一部分使用的术语“杂芳基”是指单环、二环和三环体系,其中体系中至少一个环是芳香性的,并且体系中至少一个环包含一个或多个杂原子。除另有说明外,这种环系优选总共含有5-14个环原子,其中体系中的每个环优选包含3-7个环原子,其中优选1-3个为杂原子。术语“杂芳基”可以与术语“杂芳基环”或术语“杂芳族基”互换使用。
术语“氨基保护基”是指可以与氮原子连接的合适化学基团。术语“保护的”是指指定官能团与合适化学基团(保护基)连接的情形。合适的氨基保护基以及保护基的实例参见以下文献:T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,
有机合成中的保护基(Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis),第2版,John Wiley and Sons(1991);L.Fieser和M.Fieser,用于有机合成的Fieser和Fieser试剂(Fieser and Fierer’s Reagents forOrganic Synthesis),John Wiley and Sons(1994);L.Paquette编著,有机合成试剂大全(Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis),John Wiley and Sons(1995),而且本发明使用的某些具体化合物中也给予了举例说明。
取代基或变量的组合只有在产生稳定或化学上可能的化合物时才是允许的。稳定化合物或化学上可能的化合物是指在没有水分、光或其它化学反应性条件下,在40℃或更低的温度下保存至少一周时基本上不发生变化的化合物。
根据一个实施方案,本发明提供调节毒蕈碱性受体的活性的方法,包括使所述受体与式(IA)化合物接触的步骤:
其中:
D是CF2,CH2,或CHR9,S(O),S(O)2,C(O);
环A为3-8元的单环芳基或7-14元的二环芳基,3-8元的单环杂芳基或7-14元的二环杂芳基,3-8元的单环碳环或7-14元的二环或三环碳环,或含有1-5个选自O、S、和N的原子的3-8元单环的或7-14元的二环或三环的杂环;
其中环A含有最多至5个独立选自R1、R2、R3、R4或R5的取代基;
C、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和n各自如式I中所定义。
本发明该方案的具体实施方式包括下面的一种或多种。
D是CF2,CH2,CHR9,或C(O)。D是CF2,CH2,CHR9。D是CH2或C(O),或者D是CH2或CF2。D是CH2。D是C(O)。n是0。n是1。
本发明的方法使用式(IA)化合物,但在式(IA)中要满足以下的一条或多条条件:
(i)当n为0且C为苯基时,则环A不能是:
(ii)当n为0且C为3-氯苯基时,则环A不能是:
(iii)当n为0且C为:
则环A不能是:
和
(iv)当n为0且C为2-甲氧基苯基时,则环A不能是:
(v)当n为1,D为CH2,且C为4-氯苯基时,则环A不能是:
(vi)当n为1,D为CH2,且C为苯基时,则环A不能是:
(viii)当n为1,D为CHR9(其中R9为甲基),且C为2-甲氧基苯基、苯基、或4-硝基苯基时,则环A不能是4-苯磺酰基-苯基或4-(4’-甲苯基)-苯基。
A为任选取代的单环C3-C8环脂族环,例如任选取代的环丙基、环戊基、环己基、或环庚基。A为任选取代的C7-C14环脂族环,譬如二环、桥连二环或桥连三环这类环。特别是,A为任选取代的1-金刚烷基、2-金刚烷基、1-降冰片基、或1-二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-基。A为任选取代的C6-C10芳基环。特别是,A为任选取代的苯基或萘基。A为任选取代的C5-C12杂芳基环。例如,A选自任选取代的三嗪基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡啶基、噻二唑基、三唑基、二唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、唑基、吡咯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吲嗪基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并[b]噻吩基、1H-吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基(phthazinyl)、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、1,8-萘啶基、喋啶基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、或吩嗪基。A为任选取代的单环、二环、桥连二环或桥连三环的C3-C12杂环。A选自任选取代的氮丙啶、环氧乙烷、硫丙啶、吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、二氧戊环基、吡咯啉基、吡喃基、吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、哌啶基、1,4-二烷基、吗啉基、1,4-二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、哌嗪基、3H-吲哚基、或2,3-二氢吲哚基。
在式I和IA化合物的其它实施方案中,A为单环、二环、桥连二环或桥连三环的C3-C12杂环,它们各自任选被1-5个独立选自R1、R2、R3、R4或R5的取代基取代。例如,A选自任选取代的环氧乙烷、硫丙啶、吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、二氧戊环基、吡咯啉基、吡喃基、哌啶基、1,4-二烷基、吗啉基、1,4-二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、或2,3-二氢吲哚基。如下面一些实施方案中所述,环A以及环A上的任何取代基不包含任何碱性氮原子。
两个R1基团形成1,2-亚甲二氧基、或1,2-亚乙二氧基。两个R1基团形成-CH=CH-CH=CH-,-CH=N-CH=CH-,-CH=CH-NH-。R1是R6,其中R6为直链或支链的(C1-C6)烷基或(C2-C6链烯基)或炔基,并任选被R7取代。R1是(CH2)m-Y,其中m为0、1、或2,而Y为卤素、CN、NO2、CF3、OH、SR6、S(O)R6、SO2R6、NH2、NHR6、N(R6)2、NR6R8、COOH、COOR6或OR6。R1选自卤素,CF3,NH2,NH(C1-C4烷基),NHC(O)CH3,OH,O(C1-C4烷基),OPh,O-苄基,S-(C1-C4烷基),C1-C4脂族基,NO2,CN,亚甲二氧基,亚乙二氧基,SO2NH(C1-C4烷基),或SO2N(C1-C4烷基)2。R1选自甲基,正丙基,异丙基,叔丁基,卤素,CF3,NH2,NH(CH3),NHC(O)CH3,OH,OCH3,OPh,O-苄基,S-(C2H5),S-CH3,NO2,CN,亚甲二氧基,SO2NH(正丙基),或SO2N(正丙基)2。
R2为直链或支链的(C1-C6)烷基或(C2-C6)链烯基或炔基,并任选被R1、R4或R5取代。R2是直链或支链的(C1-C4)烷基或(C2-C4)链烯基或炔基,并任选被R1、R4、或R3取代。
R3是任选取代的苯基、萘基、C5-C10杂芳基或C3-C7杂环基。R3是任选取代的苯基、C5-C6杂芳基或C3-C6杂环基。
R4选自OR5、OR6、SR5、SR6、NR5COR5、NR5COR6、NR6COR5、或NR6COR6。
R5为C5-C6环烷基,C6或C10芳基,C5-C10杂芳基或C3-C7杂环基,它们任选被最多至2个的R1取代。R5为任选取代的环己基、苯基、C5-C6杂芳基、或C3-C6杂环基。
R6是H。R6是直链或支链的(C1-C6)烷基或(C2-C6链烯基)或炔基,并且任选被R7取代。R6是直链或支链的(C1-C6)烷基或(C2-C6链烯基)或炔基。
R7是C5-C6环烷基,苯基,萘基,C5-C10杂芳基或C3-C7杂环基,它们任选被直链或支链的(C1-C6)烷基或(C2-C6链烯基)或炔基取代。R7为C5-C6环烷基,苯基,萘基,C5-C10杂芳基或C3-C7杂环基,它们任选被1-2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、或(CH2)n-Q2取代。在另一些其它实施方案中,R7为任选取代的环己基、苯基、C5-C6杂芳基、或C3-C6杂环基。
R8为乙酰基、芳基磺酰基或烷基磺酰基。
环A选自以下的(a)-(n):
本发明也以其中哌嗪环被下面(i)-(xiv)中的任一个所替换的式I化合物为特征:
本发明的另一个方面提供了式(II)化合物:
其中:
环AII选自:
X,Y,和Z5各自独立地为CR′或N;
X1和Y1独立地选自价键、CH2,CHR9,O,S,NH,NR′,C(O),S(O),或SO2,条件是X1和Y1不能同时为价键;
Z为C(R′)2,C(R′)2-C(R′)2,C(R′)2-Q,或Q,其中Q为O,NR′,S(O),SO2或C(O);
Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4各自独立地选自CH2,CHR′,O,S,NH,NR′,C(O),S(O),SO2;
每个R′独立地选自(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1,S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,R2,或R6,条件是当X1、Y1、Z、Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4中的任一个为NR′时,则R′是S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5;
B、D、Q1、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、和n各自如上面式I中所定义;并且
进一步以下面的一条或多条为条件:
(i)当C为二甲基-氟-苯基,n为1,D为CH2,Z为C(CH3)2,X和Y均为CH,且B为哌嗪时,则X1和Y1不能同时为CH2;和
(ii)当C为2-甲基苯基,n为1,D为C(O),Z为C(烷基)2,X1和Y1同时为CH或CH2,且B为哌嗪时,则X和Y不能同时为CH;
(iii)当C为被R2取代的苯基,D为C(O)或CH2,n为1,且B为哌嗪时,则环AII不能是金刚烷基;和
(iv)上述化合物不能是1-苯基-4-4(三环[3.3.1.13,7]癸-1-基甲基-哌嗪。
式II化合物的具体实施方案包括下面的一种或多种。
式(II)化合物中的R′基为(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1。R′基是R2。R′基是R6。
式(II)中的环AII具有以下的结构:
其中X、Y、Z、X1和Y1如上所述。X和Y为CH。X和Y之一为CH,并且X和Y中的另一个为N。X1和Y1均为CH2。X1和Y1均为NR。X1和Y1之一为CH2,并且X1和Y1中的另一个为NR,譬如NH。Z为O,CH2或NR,譬如NH。Z为C(O),-CH2-C(O)-,或-C(O)-CH2-。
式(II)中的环A1具有以下的结构:
其中Z1,Z2,和Z5如上所述。Z1和Z2各自是CH2,CHR,NH,或C(O)。Z1和Z2各自为CH2或NH。Z5是CH。Z5是N。
式(II)中的环A1具有以下的结构:
其中Z1,Z3,X和Y如上所述。Z1和Z3各自独立地为CH2或NH。Z1和Z3各自为CH2。优选的是,X和Y各自为CH。或者,X和Y各自为N。或者,两个X中的一个为N。或者,两个Y中的一个为N。
在式II化合物的其它实施方案中,变量X、Y、和Z5各自独立地为CR′;X1和Y1独立地选自价键、CH2、CHR9、O、S、NR′、C(O)、S(O)、SO2、或者一起形成-CH=CH-,条件是X1和Y1二者不能同时是价键;Z为C(R′)2,C(R′)2-C(R′)2,C(R′)2-Q,或Q,其中Q为O,NR′,S(O),SO2,或C(O);Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4各自独立地选自CH2、CHR′、O、S、NR′、C(O)、S(O)、SO2;并且R′选自(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1,R2,或R6,条件是当X1、Y1、Z、Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4中任一个为NR′时,则R′不能是氢。
本发明的再一方面提供了式(III)化合物:
其中:
环AIII是任选被1-3个R′取代的下式基团:
X1独立地选自价键、CH2、CHR9、O、S、NH、NR′、C(O)、S(O)、SO2;
每个R′独立地选自(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1,S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,R2,或R6,条件是当X1、Y1、Z、Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4中的任一个为NR′时,则R′是S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5;
每个y为0,1或2;
每个z为0,1或2,条件是y+z为1,2,或3;
键r为单键或双键;并且
B、D、Q1、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、和n各自如上面式I中所定义;
条件是当D为CH2,y为1和z为2时,则X1不能是C(O)或-CH(OH)-。
本方案的具体实施方式包括以下的一种或多种。X1是NR’。X1是-N(C(O)OR5)-。X1独立地选自价键、CH2、CHR9、O、S、NR’、C(O)、S(O)、SO2;并且R’选自(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1,R2,或R6,条件是R6不能是氢。
在一些实施方案中,式I、IA、II、和III的化合物在任何B、D、或A以及任何与B、D、和A连接的取代基中只含有一个碱性氮原子,其中碱性氮原子被定义为其共轭酸的pka大于7.1的任何氮。例如,在相对于C的4位上的氮原子为碱性氮原子。在其它实施方案中,A与连接于A上的取代基不包含任何碱性氮原子,但B和D以及与B和D相连的取代基可包含一个或多个碱性氮原子。或者,环A不包含任何形成环A用的碱性氮原子(如哌啶氮),但B、D、以及与B、D和A连接的取代基可包含一个或多个碱性氮原子。
在另外一些方案中,本发明以这些式I、IA、II和III的化合物为特征,这些化合物包括了上述不同方案和实施方式的组合。例如,式III化合物的实施方式可包括一个或多个上面式I化合物所述的实施方式。
除非另有说明,本文中描述的结构也意味着包括所述结构的所有立体化学形式;亦即,对于每个不对称中心来说的R和S构型。因此,本发明化合物的单一立体化学异构体以及对映异构体和非对映异构体混合物均在本发明的范围之内。除另有说明外,本文中描述的结构也意味着包括只在一个或多个同位素富集的原子存在下时有差别的化合物。例如,具有本发明结构、只是将其中的氢置换为氘或氚或者将碳置换为13C-或14C-富集碳的化合物,也在本发明的范围之内。这些化合物是有用的,例如可以在生物测定中用作分析工具或探针。
这些通式(I,IA,II,和III)的化合物可以采用本领域已知的方法很容易地合成。下面的流程1提供了制备其中环B为哌嗪的通式(I,IA,II,和III)化合物用的典型合成路线。
流程1:
参见流程1,酮或醛与式(A)胺在适当还原剂如三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠存在下反应,生成式I’化合物。本领域专业技术人员应当认识到,上述合成路线是一般性的路线,利用本领域技术人员已知的方法可以很容易地将该路线适用于式(I)化合物的其它实施方案。
式(A)化合物可以商购得到,或者采用本领域技术人员已知的方法由任选保护的哌嗪与芳基卤合成得到。另外,利用本文所述方法以及本领域专业技术人员已知的方法,也可以制备其中哌嗪环被以下环替换的式I,IA,II,和III的化合物:
例如,为获得以下的胺可以替换其它哌嗪环:
本发明在其范围内包括本发明化合物的药学上可接受的前药。“药学上可接受的前药”是指本发明化合物的任何药学上可接受的盐、酯、所述酯的盐或其它衍生物,它们在给予接受者后能够(直接或间接地)提供本发明的化合物或其活性代谢物或残余物。优选的前药是这些化合物,即当这类化合物给予哺乳动物时能够提高本发明化合物的生物利用度或能够增强母体化合物传递到与母体物质有关的生物房室的能力。
术语“药学上可接受的载体、辅料、或赋形剂”是指无毒的载体、辅料、或赋形剂,它们不会破坏与其配制的化合物的药理活性。可以用于本发明组合物中的药学上可接受的载体、辅料或赋形剂包括,但不局限于,离子交换剂,氧化铝,硬脂酸铝,卵磷脂,血清蛋白例如人血清白蛋白,缓冲剂例如磷酸盐,甘氨酸,山梨酸,山梨酸钾,饱和植物脂肪酸的偏甘油酯混合物,水,盐或电解质,例如硫酸鱼精蛋白,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸氢钾,氯化钠,锌盐,胶态二氧化硅,三硅酸镁,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,纤维素基物质,聚乙二醇,羧甲基纤维素钠,聚丙烯酸酯,石蜡,聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯-嵌段聚合物,聚乙二醇和羊毛脂。
本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括由药学上可接受的无机和有机酸与碱产生的盐。合适的酸盐的例子包括乙酸盐,己二酸盐,藻酸盐,天冬氨酸盐,苯甲酸盐,苯磺酸盐,硫酸氢盐,丁酸盐,柠檬酸盐,樟脑酸盐,樟脑磺酸盐,环戊烷丙酸盐,二葡糖酸盐,十二烷基硫酸盐,乙磺酸盐,甲酸盐,富马酸盐,葡庚糖酸盐,甘油磷酸盐,羟乙酸盐,半硫酸盐,庚酸盐,己酸盐,盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,氢碘酸盐,2-羟基乙磺酸盐,乳酸盐,马来酸盐,丙二酸盐,甲磺酸盐,2-萘磺酸盐,烟酸盐,硝酸盐,草酸盐,棕榈酸盐,果胶酯酸盐,过硫酸盐,3-苯基丙酸盐,磷酸盐,苦味酸盐,新戊酸盐,丙酸盐,水杨酸盐,琥珀酸盐,硫酸盐,酒石酸盐,硫氰酸盐,甲苯磺酸盐和十一烷酸盐。其它酸如草酸本身虽不是药学上可接受的,但可以用于制备盐,这些盐可作为中间体用于获得本发明化合物以及它们的药学上可接受的酸加成盐。
由适宜的碱衍生得到的盐包括碱金属(例如钠和钾)盐、碱土金属(例如钙或镁)盐、铵和N+(C1-4烷基)4盐,或赖氨酸和精氨酸的盐。本发明还预期了此处所公开化合物的任何碱性含氮基团的季铵化作用。通过这种季铵化可以获得水溶性或油溶性或可分散于水或油中的产物。其它盐可见于“Practival Process,Research,& Development,”Anderson,Neal G.,Academic Press,2000,其内容在此引入作为参考。
本发明的组合物可以通过口服、胃肠外、吸入喷雾、局部、直肠、肌间、皮下、鼻内、含服、阴道或通过植入储库给药。本文使用的术语“胃肠外”包括皮下、静脉内、肌肉内、关节内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内、肝内、病灶内和颅内注射或输液技术。优选将组合物口服、腹膜内或静脉内给药。本发明组合物的无菌注射形式可以是水性或油性的混悬液。这些混悬液可以按照本领域已知的技术使用适合的分散剂或湿润剂以及悬浮剂配制。无菌注射制剂也可以是在无毒的胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液或混悬液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可以使用的可接受的赋形剂和溶剂是水、林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,无菌的不挥发油通常也用作溶剂或悬浮介质。
为此,可以使用任何温和的不挥发油,包括合成的单或二甘油酯。脂肪酸譬如油酸及其甘油酯可用于制备可注射剂,也可使用天然的可药用油例如橄榄油或蓖麻油,尤其是它们的聚氧乙基化的形式。这些油溶液或混悬液还可含有长链醇稀释剂或分散剂,例如羧甲基纤维素或常用于配制药学上可接受的剂型(包括乳剂和混悬剂)的类似分散剂。其它常用的表面活性剂如吐温(Tweens)、司盘(Spans)以及其它常用于生产可药用固体、液体或其它剂型的乳化剂或生物利用度增强剂,也都可以用于制剂目的。
本发明的药物组合物可以任何口服可接受的剂型口服给药,包括但不限于胶囊剂、片剂、含水混悬液或溶液。就口服使用的片剂而言,常用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉。通常也加入润滑剂譬如硬脂酸镁。对于以胶囊形式的口服给药,适用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干燥玉米淀粉。当需要口服使用含水混悬液时,将活性成分与乳化剂和悬浮剂混合。如果需要的话,也可以加入某些甜味剂、调味剂或着色剂。
另一方面,本发明的药学可接受的组合物可以直肠给药用的栓剂形式施用。这些组合物可以通过将活性成分与合适的非刺激性赋形剂混合来制备,其中所述的赋形剂在室温下呈固体但在直肠温度下呈液体,因此能在直肠中熔化而释放出药物。这类材料包括可可脂、蜂蜡和聚乙二醇。
本发明的药学可接受的组合物还可以局部施用,特别是当治疗的靶点包括局部施药易到达的区域或器官的情形下,包括眼睛、皮肤或下肠道的疾病。适用于这些区域或器官的局部制剂很容易制备。
用于下肠道的局部给药可以直肠栓剂(参见上文)或适宜的灌肠制剂的形式进行。也可以使用局部透皮贴剂。
就局部施用而言,可以将药学可接受的组合物配制成适宜的软膏剂,其中含有悬浮或溶解在一种或多种载体中的活性成分。用于本发明化合物局部给药的载体包括但不限于矿物油、液体矿脂、白凡士林、丙二醇、聚氧乙烯、聚氧丙烯化合物、乳化蜡和水。另一方面,也可以将药学上可接受的的组合物配制成含有悬浮或溶解在一种或多种可药用载体中的活性成分的适宜洗剂或霜剂。适宜的载体包括但不限于矿物油、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、聚山梨酯60、鲸蜡基酯蜡、鲸蜡硬脂醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、苯甲醇和水。
对于眼科应用,可以将药学可接受的组合物配制成在等渗、pH调节好的无菌盐水中的微粉化混悬液形式,或者优选配制成在等渗、pH调节好的无菌盐水中的溶液形式,其中都可以含有或者不含防腐剂譬如氯苄烷铵。另一方面,对于眼科应用,可以将药学可接受的组合物配制成软膏剂例如凡士林的形式。
本发明的药学可接受的组合物还可以通过鼻用气雾剂或吸入剂的形式施用。这样的组合物是按照药物制剂领域公知的技术制备的,并且可以制成在盐水中的溶液形式,其中使用苯甲醇或其它适宜的防腐剂、提高生物利用度的吸收促进剂、碳氟化合物和/或其它常规的增溶剂或分散剂。
最优选的是,将本发明的药学可接受的组合物配制成口服形式。
可以与载体材料混合以制备单一剂量形式的组合物的本发明化合物的量,将根据所治疗的宿主和具体给药方式而变化。优选将组合物配制成能给予接受组合物的患者0.01-100mg调节剂/kg体重/天剂量的制剂形式。
还应当理解,对于任何特定患者的具体剂量和治疗方案取决于多种因素,包括所用的具体化合物的活性、年龄、体重、健康状况、性别、饮食、给药时间、排泄速率、联用药物、以及主治医师的判断和受治疗具体疾病的严重程度。组合物中本发明化合物的用量还取决于组合物中的具体化合物。
根据要治疗或预防的具体病症或疾病,本发明的组合物中也可以存在通常用于治疗或预防所述病症的其它治疗剂。这里所用的、通常给药用于治疗或预防特定疾病或病症的其它治疗剂被认作“适于所治疗的疾病、或病症”。
根据优选的实施方案,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1、M2和M4的选择性调节剂。较优选的是,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1和M4的选择性调节剂。或者,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M2和M4的选择性调节剂。更优选的是,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1,M2,和M4的选择性调节剂。式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M4的选择性调节剂。式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1的选择性调节剂。
申请人相信,本发明化合物调节毒草碱性受体活性的能力源于这些化合物对毒草碱性受体的亲和性。申请人认为,这种亲和性能够激活毒草碱性受体(即激动剂)或抑制毒草碱性受体的活性。
根据另一个实施方案,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是全部M1、M2和M4的选择性激活剂。在其它实施方案中,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1、M2和M4之一的选择性激活剂,并且是M1、M2和M4中其余两种的选择性抑制剂。在另一个实施方案中,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1、M2和M4中至多两种的选择性激活剂和M1、M2和M4中其它种类的选择性抑制剂。在又一个实施方案中,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是全部M1、M2和M4的选择性抑制剂。
根据另一个实施方案,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1、M2或M4中一种或多种的选择性抑制剂。在一个方案中,优选式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M4的选择性抑制剂。在另一个方案中,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1的选择性抑制剂。在又一个方案中,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1和M4的选择性抑制剂。在再一个方案中,式(I、IA、II和III)的化合物是M1与M2或M4与M2的选择性抑制剂。
本文使用的术语“选择性”,是指调节一种毒草碱性受体亚型的能力要可测量地高于其它毒蕈碱性受体亚型。例如,术语“选择性的M4激动剂”是指这样一种化合物,同与其它毒草碱性受体亚型的化合物激动活性相比,该化合物具有可测量地高的作为M4激动剂的能力。
根据一个可选择的实施方案,本发明提供了治疗哺乳动物毒蕈碱性受体介导的疾病的方法,包括对所述哺乳动物给药包含式(I、IA、II和III)化合物,或上述其优选化合物的组合物的步骤。
根据一个优选的实施方案,本发明提供了治疗由一种或多种M1、M2或M4介导的疾病的方法,包括对所述哺乳动物给药包含式(I、IA、II和III)化合物,或上述其优选化合物的组合物的步骤。或者,在另一个实施方案中,所述疾病是由M2介导的。或者,所述疾病是由M1介导的。更优选的是,所述疾病是由M4介导的。在更进一步的实施方案中,所述疾病是由全部的M1、M2和M4介导的。在另一个实施方案中,所述疾病是由M1、M2和M4中的两个所介导。
根据一个优选的实施方案,本发明提供了治疗或减轻患者的疾病的严重程度的方法,其中所述疾病选自包括认知障碍在内的CNS源性病变、注意力不集中的过度反应症(ADHD)、肥胖症、阿耳茨海默氏病、各种痴呆症如血管性痴呆、与CNS异常有关的精神病包括精神分裂症、躁狂症、双相性精神障碍、包括急性和慢性综合症在内的疼痛症、Huntington舞蹈病、Friederich病、Gilles de la Tourette综合症、Down氏综合症、Pick病、临床性抑郁症、帕金森病、外周性疾病如青光眼眼内压的降低和治疗包括Sjgren综合症在内的干性眼和口干燥、以及创伤愈合,其中所述方法包括使所述患者与本发明化合物接触的步骤。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗或减轻以下疾病的严重程度的方法:急性、慢性、神经病变性、或炎症性疼痛,关节炎,偏头痛,偏头神经痛,三叉神经痛,疱疹性神经痛,全身性(general)神经痛、癫痫或癫痫症,神经变性疾病,精神病性疾病如焦虑症和抑郁症,肌强直,心律失常,运动障碍,神经内分泌失调,共济失调,多发性硬化,过敏性大肠综合症,失禁,内脏痛,骨关节炎痛,带状疱疹神经痛,糖尿病性神经病,神经根痛,坐骨神经痛,背痛,头或颈痛,严重性或顽固性疼痛,伤害性疼痛,穿透性(breakthrough)疼痛,术后疼痛,或癌痛,该方法包括对需要的受治疗者给药有效量的化合物或包含该化合物的可药用组合物。在某些实施方案中,提供了治疗或减轻急性、慢性、神经病变性或炎症性疼痛的严重程度的方法,该方法包括对需要的受治疗者给药有效量的化合物或包含该化合物的可药用组合物。在其它一些实施方案中,提供了治疗或减轻神经根痛、坐骨神经痛、背痛、头痛、或颈痛的方法,该方法包括对需要的受治疗者给药有效量的化合物或包含该化合物的可药用组合物。在又一些实施方案中,提供了治疗或减轻严重性或顽固性疼痛、急性疼痛、术后疼痛、背痛、或癌痛的严重程度的方法,该方法包括对需要的受治疗者给药有效量的化合物或包含该化合物的可药用组合物。
根据一个可选择的实施方案,本发明提供了治疗或减轻患者疾病严重程度的方法,其中所述疾病选自疼痛,精神病(包括精神分裂症、幻觉症、和妄想症),阿耳茨海默氏病,帕金森病,青光眼,心动过缓、胃酸分泌,哮喘,GI失调或创伤愈合。
根据一个优选的实施方案,本发明可用于治疗或减轻精神病、阿耳茨海默氏病、疼痛或帕金森病的严重程度。
为了更全面地理解本文中描述的本发明,给出以下的实施例。但应当理解这些实施例只用于举例说明目的,不得解释为以任何方式对本发明的限制。
上文引证的所有文献都在此引入用作参考。
式(I,IA,II,和III)化合物的其它实施方案列于下文中。下列实施例是对式(I,IA,II,和III)化合物的举例说明,不得认为是限制性的。
实施例
实施例1:1-二环2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-基甲基-4-(2-氯-苯基)-哌嗪的合成
在250ml烧瓶内,将1-(2-氯-苯基)-哌嗪(4.0g,20.34mmol)溶解在80mL无水1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)中,随后加入2.48g(20.34mmol)5-降冰片烯-2-甲醛和6.05g(28.47mmol,1.4eq)三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠[NaBH(OAc)3]。烧瓶用氮气冲洗并且搅拌18小时。反应物用0.1 NaOH稀释,之后将产物提取到二氯甲烷(3×100mL)中。用10%饱和碳酸氢钠、盐水洗涤上述二氯甲烷溶液,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到无色油体。残留物用30mL无水乙醚吸收,通过加入10.2mL在乙醚中的HCl(2.0M的乙醚溶液,20.4mmol),产物以其HCl盐形式沉淀析出。过滤白色沉淀物,用乙醚洗涤,然后以乙酸乙酯/甲醇重结晶,得到白色结晶产物。
1H NMR(400mHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.34(bs,1H),7.45(dd,J=7.9Hz,1.4Hz,1H),7.35(dt,J=7.9Hz,1.4Hz,1H),7.21(dd,J =8.1Hz,1.4Hz,1H),7.11(dt,J=7.8Hz,1.4Hz,1H),6.24(m,0.8H),6.14(m,0.4H),6.07(m,0.8H),3.59(m,2H),3.38(m,2H),3.11-3.30(m,4.5H),2.90-3.05(m,1.5H),2.75-2.90(m,2H),2.54(m,0.8H,被DMSO遮蔽),2.00(m,0.8H),1.80(m,0.2H),1.2-1.37(m,2.5H),0.71(m,0.8H);
LC/MS保留时间(10-99% CH3CN/0.085% TFA梯度,5分钟):2.39分钟;理论值(M+H)+m/z=303.2;实测值303.2.
实施例2:1-二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基-4-邻甲苯基-哌嗪的合成
在100ml烧瓶内,将1-(2-甲基-苯基)-哌嗪(1.76g,10.0mmol)溶解在20mL无水1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)中,随后加入1.10g(10.0mmol)降樟脑、1.15mL冰醋酸(20mmol)和2.97g(14.0mmol,1.4eq)三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠[NaBH(OAc)3]。烧瓶用氮气冲洗并在室温下搅拌72小时。反应物用20%的饱和碳酸氢钠稀释,之后将产物提取到二氯甲烷(3×100mL)中。用盐水洗涤上述二氯甲烷溶液,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到无色油体。残留物用30mL无水乙醚吸收,继用1mL无水乙醇澄清。通过加入4.9mL在乙醚中的HCl(2.0M的乙醚溶液,9.8mmol),产物以其HCl盐形式沉淀出来。过滤白色沉淀物,用乙醚洗涤,干燥得到白色粉末产物。
1H NMR(400mHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.50(bs,1H),7.17-7.21(m,2H),6.99-7.04(m,2H),3.40-3.50(m,4H),3.18-3.32(m,2H),3.05-3.16(m,3H),2.58(m,1H),2.27(m,1H),2.25(m,3H),1.90-1.96(m,2H),1.49-1.60(m,3H),1.29-1.45(m,3H);
LC/MS保留时间(10-99% CH3CN/0.085% TFA梯度,5分钟):2.10分钟;理论值(M+H)+m/z=271.4;实测值271.4.
实施例3:1-(2-氨-苯基)-4-(4-乙基-环己基)-哌嗪的合成
在1,2-二氯乙烷(4mL)中混合2-氯苯基哌嗪(140mg,0.713mmol)与4-乙基环已酮(100mg,0.792mmol),然后用三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(218mg,1.03mmol)和冰醋酸(43mg,0.713mmol)处理。混合物在氮气氛围中于室温搅拌18小时。通过加入1.0N NaOH(10mL)终止反应,产物用二氯甲烷(2×100mL)提取。将该二氯甲烷溶液用盐水(25mL)洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,过滤。蒸发溶剂,得到游离碱粗品,为无色油体。将该产物溶于无水乙醚,用乙醚合HCl(1eq)处理,得到HCl盐。以乙酸乙酯/甲醇重结晶,得到白色结晶产物。
1H NMR(HCl salt,d6-DMSO)δ10.35(bs,1H),7.46(dd,1H),7.35(dt,1H),7.21(dd,1H),7.11(dt,1H),3.60(d,2H),3.43(d,2H),3.11-3.24(m,5H),1.35-2.0(m,11H),0.86(t,3H);
LC/MS保留时间(10-99% CH3CN/0.05% TFA梯度,5分钟):2.75分钟;理论值(M+H)+m/z=307.2;实测值307.2.
实施例4:1-二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-基甲基-4-(2-甲氧基-5-甲基-苯基)-哌嗪的合成
在微波小瓶中混合15mg(0.016mmol,0.027eq)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(Pd2dba3)、27mg(0.043mmol,0.072eq)外消旋-2,2’-双(二苯基膦基)-,1/-联萘[(±)-BINAP]和450mg(1.38mmol,2.3eq)碳酸铯。加入1.5mL无水甲苯,接着再加入121mg(0.60mmol,1.0eq)2-溴-4-甲基茴香醚和207mg(2.40mmol,4.0eq)哌嗪。用氮气冲洗上述小瓶,然后于140℃微波处理30分钟。反应混合物用3.0mLDMSO∶甲醇(1∶1)稀释,过滤并通过反相HPLC纯化(2-99%CH3CN/0.085% TFA(aq),50mL/min,3×1.5mL注射量)。收率=83mg(43%)1-(2-甲氧基-5-甲基-苯基)-哌嗪,为浅黄色油体(以单-TFA盐形式分离得到);
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.97(br s,2H),6.85(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.80(dd,J=8.2Hz,1.3Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.23(br m,4H),3.14(br m,4H),2.22(s,3H);LC/MS保留时间(10-99% CH3CN/0.05% TFA梯度,5分钟):1.58分钟;理论值(M+H)+m/z=207.1;实测值207.2。
将32mg(0.10mmol,1.0eq)1-(2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基)-哌嗪(为单-TFA盐的形式)悬浮在1.0mL无水1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)中,用1.0eq(10mg)三乙胺处理。加入1.0eq(12mg)5-降冰片烯-2-甲醛,接着加入1.4eq(30mg)三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠[NaBH(OAc)3]。在室温下搅拌反应5分钟,然后加1.0mL DMSO∶甲醇(1∶1)终止反应。过滤反应混合物并通过反相HPLC纯化(2-99% CH3CN/0.085% TFA(aq),50mL/min,2.0mL注射量)。收率=30mg(70%)(以单-TFA盐形式分离得到);
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.73(br s,2H),6.86(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.81(dd,J=8.2Hz,1.2Hz,1H),6.73(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),6.25(m,0.8H),6.15(m,0.2H),6.04(m,0.8H),5.92(m,0.2H),3.75(s,3H),3.58(m,2H),3.48(m,2H),3.18(br m,2H),2.95(br m,4H),2.80(m,2H),2.23(s,3H),2.00(m,0.8H),1.78(m,0.4H),1.35(m,1.4H),1.27(m,1.6H),0.67(m,0.8H);LC/MS保留时间(10-99% CH3CN/0.05%TFA梯度,5分钟):2.16分钟;理论值(M+H)+m/z=313.2;实测值313.2.
实施例5:1-二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-基甲基-4-(5-氯-2-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基哌嗪的合成
在微波小瓶中混合10mg(0.010eq)Pd2dba3·CHCl3、9.0mg(0.015eq)外消旋BINAP、135mg(1.4eq)NaOt-Bu、370mg(1.4eq)18-冠-6醚和1.0mL无水四氢呋喃。加入268mg(1.0eq,1.0mmol)4-氯-2-碘代茴香醚,接着加入120mg(1.2eq)外消旋的2-甲基哌嗪。用氮气冲洗上述小瓶,然后于80℃微波处理5分钟。反应混合物用1.0mL DMSO∶甲醇(1∶1)稀释,之后离心(4,000rpm,RT,8分钟)。滤出上清液,通过反相HPLC纯化(2-99% CH3CN/0.085% TFA(aq),50mL/min,2.0mL注射量)。收率=50mg(14%)浅棕色油体(以单-TFA盐的形式分离得到);
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.14(br d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.71(br d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.10(dd,J=8.7Hz,2.4Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),3.42(br m,4H),3.17(m,1H),2.85(m,1H),2.72(m,1H),1.25(d,J=6.4Hz,3H);LC/MS保留时间(10-99% CH3CN/0.05% TFA梯度,5分钟):1.82分钟;理论值(M+H)+m/z=241.1;实测值241.2.
将48mg(0.2mmol)1-(5-氯-2-甲氧基-苯基)-3-甲基哌嗪溶于1.5mL无水1,2-二氯乙烷中。加入5-降冰片烯-2-甲醛(25mg,0.2mmol),随后再加入63mg(0.3mmol)三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠[NaBH(OAc)3]。搅拌反应过夜,然后加1.0mL DMSO∶甲醇(1∶1)终止反应。过滤反应混合物并通过反相HPLC纯化(2-99% CH3CN/0.085%TFA(aq),50mL/min,2.0mL注射量)。产物1-二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-基甲基-4-(5-氯-2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲基-哌嗪以单-TFA盐的形式分离得到。理论值(M+H)+m/z=347.9;实测值348.0。
实施例6:
按照上述方法,利用本领域专业技术人员已知的修饰方式,可以制备式I、IA、II、和III的具体化合物(I-1至I-188)。
实施例7
按照上述方法,利用本领域专业技术人员已知的修饰方式,可以制备更多的式I、IA、II、和III的化合物(89-I-294)。
实施例96、102、106、125、129、139、140、150、160、和177中的A环也可以表示如下:
实施例112、134、162、和190中的A环也可以表示如下:
实施例118中的A环也可以表示如下:
实施例8
测定毒蕈碱性受体活性的胞内钙功能性移动试验
将表达毒草碱性受体(M1-M5)的CHO细胞在37℃,5% CO2的潮湿气氛下在组织培养瓶中培养成单层,每隔3-5天进行细胞传代。培养基为Dulbecco改进的Eagles培养基(DMEM,Gibco Cat#12430-054),其中含有25mM Hepes,并且补加有胎牛血清(Hyclone,cat# SH30071.03),0.1mM的MEM非必需氨基酸(GIBCO,Cat#11140-050),1mM MEM丙酮酸钠(GIBCO Cat# 11360-070)和100单位/ml的青霉素G和100μg/ml的链霉素(GIBCO Cat# 15140-122)。在抗生素气压下,用含有25μg/ml zeocin和500μg/ml G418(M1-CHO),4μg/ml嘌呤霉素,50μg/ml zeocin和2.5μg/ml杀稻瘟菌素(M2和M4-CHO)或50μg/ml zeocin和4μg/ml嘌呤霉素(M3和M5-CHO)的培养基培养重组的毒草碱性受体细胞系。
在80-90%汇合时利用Versene(GIBCO Cat# 15040-066)收获细胞,离心收集,以5,000-10,000细胞/孔的密度接种于黑色包壁(back-walled)、底部透明(clear-bottomed)的384孔板(BD Biocoat,聚-D-赖氨酸,Cat#356663)中,18-24小时后进行钙测定。试验当天,利用板洗涤器(Bioteck Instruments,ELX 405)使用含1mM丙磺舒(Probenecid)的bath 1缓冲液(140-mM NaCl,4.5-mM KCl,2-mMCaCl2,1-mM MgCl2,10-mM Hepes-Na,10-mM葡萄糖,NaOH调至pH7.4)洗涤细胞。接着,在将板洗涤后向每孔剩余的25μL Bath 1中加入钙染料Fluo-3(25μl/孔Fluo-3AM,4μM,分子探针F-1241,在含有1mM丙磺舒的Bath 1缓冲液中),染料于37℃在组织培养箱中荷载60-90分钟。利用板洗涤器使用含1mM丙磺舒的Bath 1除去荧光染料,洗涤后留下25μl/孔这种溶液。另一方面,细胞也可以用Molecular Devices的钙指示剂(Calcium 3 Assay Reagents,Cat #R7181)荷载,将在含1mM丙磺舒的Bath 1中的5μL 5X溶液染料(每个染料瓶cat# R7182 10ml,用以生成20X的溶液)加到20μl相同缓冲液中。荷载60分钟后,试验不一定在非要除去染料的情形下进行。
通过在含有1mM丙磺舒的Bath 1中重新配制预点滴(pre-spotted)的化合物,在96孔板(圆底,Costar Corning cat# 3656)中制备2x倍浓度的化合物。DMSO的终浓度是0.5%,并且DMSO的量在整个测定板中是标准化的。为测定化合物对毒草碱性受体的激动作用,利用FLIPR 3 Instrument(Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale,CA)的多道自动机系统向细胞测定板(含有25μl/孔)中加入重配的化合物(25μl化合物/孔)。为测定化合物对毒草碱性受体的功能性抑制作用,将重配化合物(25μl化合物/孔)加到测定板中,预温育15分钟,然后加入25μl 3X的Carbachol,测定每种毒草碱性亚型的EC80。或者,可以同时一起使用化合物与激动剂。在这两种测定方式中,使用FLIPR 3仪器记录荧光60秒钟(激发波长488nM,发射波长540nm)。
通过筛选对全家族(M1-M5细胞)的化合物活性,评价毒蕈碱性化合物的效价、效力和选择性。
已发现本发明的化合物能够选择性调节毒蕈碱性受体,相对于其它受体亚型具有选择性。
实施例9:
测定毒蕈碱性受体活性的β-内酰胺酶试验
转录控制受钙释放介导的表达毒蕈碱性受体(M1-M5)且含有报告基因系统(β-内酰胺酶)的CHO细胞(NFAT激活)。参见Zlokarnik,G;Negulescu,P.A.;Knapp,T.E.;Mere,L;Burres,N;Feng,L;Whitney,M;Roemer,K;Tsien,R.Y.带有β-内酰胺酶作为报告基因的单活细胞的转录和克隆选择的定量分析。Science,1998年1月2日,279(5347):84-8.将细胞在37℃,5% CO2的潮湿气氛下在组织培养瓶中培养成单层,每隔3-5天进行细胞传代。培养基为Dulbecco改进的Eagles培养基(DMEM,Gibco Cat# 12430-054),其中含有25mM的Hepes,并补加有10%胎牛血清(Hyclone,cat# SH30071.03),0.1mM的MEM非必需氨基酸(GIBCO,Cat# 11140-050),1mM MEM丙酮酸钠(GIBCO Cat# 11360-070)以及100单位/ml的青霉素G和100μg/ml的链霉素(GIBCO Cat# 15140-122)。在抗生素气压下,用含有25μg/ml zeocin和500μg/ml G418(M1-CHO),4μg/ml嘌呤霉素,50μg/ml zeocin和2.5μg/ml杀稻瘟菌素(M2和M4-CHO)或50μg/ml zeocin和4μg/ml嘌呤霉素(M3和M5-CHO)的培养基培养重组的毒草碱性受体细胞系。
在80-90%汇合时利用Accutase(Innovative Cell Technologies,Inc.Cat# AT104)收获细胞,离心收集,在黑色包壁(black-walled)、底部透明(clear-bottomed)的384孔板(BD Biocoat,聚-D-赖氨酸,Cat#356663)中以15,000-20,000细胞/孔的密度接种2-6小时。培养基换用DEME+1%胎牛血清,再温育12-18小时,然后进行β-内酰胺酶测定。试验当天,通过在DMEM+1% FBS中重新配制预点滴(pre-spotted)的化合物,在96孔板(圆底,Costar Corning cat# 3656)中制备1x倍浓度的化合物。DMSO的终浓度是0.5%,并且DMSO的量在整个测定板中是标准化的。为测定化合物对毒草碱性受体的激动作用,利用多道自动机系统,Multimek 96(Beckman)向细胞测定板(其中的培养基已经除去)中加入重配的化合物(25μl化合物/孔)。化合物在37℃,5% CO2下与细胞一起温育3小时,用于报告基因β-内酰胺酶的表达。
3小时后,向测定板中加入5μl 6X倍浓度的CCF2/AM染料,在室温下温育1小时。利用CytoFluor Series 4000(PerSeptiveBiosystems)测定两波长(460nm和530nm)下的荧光发射,并且按照现有文献所述测定方法计算报告基因的表达情况{Zlokarnik,G;Negulescu,P.A.;Knapp,T.E.;Mere,L;Burres,N;Feng,L;Whitney,M;roemer,K;Tsien,R.Y.带有β-内酰胺酶作为报告基因的单活细胞的转录和克隆选择的定量分析.Science,1998年1月2日,279(5347):84-8.}
使用β-内酰胺酶测定发现,本发明的化合物能够调节毒草碱性受体的活性。
Claims (53)
1.一种调节毒蕈碱性受体的活性的方法,该方法包括使所述受体与下面的式(I)化合物接触的步骤:
其中:
B选自
D为CF2,CH2,或CHR9;
环C为任选被1-4个的R1、R2、R3、R4或R5取代的苯基;
环A为3-8元的单环碳环,7-14元的二环碳环,7-14元的三环碳环,3-8元的单环杂环,7-14元的二环杂环,或7-14元的三环杂环,其中所述杂环含有1-5个选自O、S和N的原子;
其中环A含有最多至5个独立选自R1、R2、R3、R4或R5的取代基;
每个R1独立地为氧代或((C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1;
每个Q1独立地为卤素,CN,NO2,CF3,OCF3,OH,SR6,S(O)R6,SO2R6,N(R6)2,NR6R8,COOH,COOR6或OR6;
每个R2独立地为任选被1-3个独立选自R1、R4或R5的取代基取代的脂族基;
每个R3独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-3个独立选自R1、R2、R4或R5的取代基取代;
每个R4独立地为OR5,OR6,OC(O)R6,OC(O)R5,OC(O)OR6,OC(O)OR5,OC(O)N(R6)2,OC(O)N(R5)2,OC(O)N(R6R5),S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,N(R6)2,N(R5)2,N(R5R6),NR5C(O)R5,NR6C(O)R6,NR6C(O)R5,NR6C(O)OR6,NR5C(O)OR6,NR6C(O)OR5,NR5C(O)OR5,NR6C(O)N(R6)2,NR6C(O)NR5R6,NR6C(O)N(R5)2,NR5C(O)N(R6)2,NR5C(O)NR5R6,NR5C(O)N(R5)2,NR6SO2R6,NR6SO2R5,NR5SO2R5,NR6SO2N(R6)2,NR6SO2NR5R6,NR6SO2N(R5)2,NR5SO2NR5R6,NR5SO2N(R5)2,N(OR6)R6,N(OR6)R5,N(OR5)R5,或N(OR5)R6;
每个R5独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-3个R1取代;
每个R6独立地为H或任选被R7取代的脂族基;
每个R7独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂族基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-2个以下的基团取代:(C1-C6)-直链或支链烷基、(C2-C6)直链或支链的链烯基或炔基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、或(CH2)n-Q2;
每个Q2独立地选自卤素、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、S-脂族基、S(O)-脂族基、SO2-脂族基、COOH、C(O)O-脂族基、或O-脂族基;
每个R8独立地为氨基保护基;
每个R9独立地为R2,R3,或R6;
每个i独立地为0、1、2、或3;
每个m独立地为0或1;和
每个n独立地为0或1;
进一步的条件是:
(i)当n为1,D为CH2,C为苯基,且B为哌嗪时,则环A不能是:
(ii)当n为1,D为CH2,C为苯基,且B为哌嗪时,则环A不能是:
(iii)当n为0,C为苯基,且B为哌嗪时,则环A不能是:
(iv)当n为1,D为CH2,环A为任选被R4取代的1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,且B为哌嗪时,则C不能是被卤素取代的苯基、被-OCH3取代的苯基、或被卤素和-OCH3取代的苯基;
(v)当n为1,D为CH2,环A为
其中R20为-C(O)R5,-C(O)R6,-C(O)OR5,C(O)OR6,且B为哌嗪时,则C不能是任选被卤素或-OCH3取代的苯基。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中D为CH2或CHR9。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中D为CH2或CF2。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中D为CH2。
5.根据权利要求2的方法,其中D为CHR9。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中n为0。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中n为1。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项的方法,其中A为任选被1-5个独立选自R1、R2、R3、R4或R5的取代基取代的C3-C8环脂族单环。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中A为环丙基,环戊基,环己基,或环庚基,它们各自任选被1-5个独立选自R1、R2、R3、R4或R5的取代基取代。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项的方法,其中A为二环的、桥连二环的或桥连三环的C7-C14环脂族环,它们各自任选被1-5个独立选自R1、R2、R3、R4或R5的取代基取代。
11.根据权利要求11的方法,其中A为1-金刚烷基、2-金刚烷基、1-降冰片基、或1-二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-基。
12.根据权利要求1-8任一项的方法,其中A为单环的、二环的、桥连二环的或桥连三环的C3-C12杂环,它们各自任选被1-5个独立选自R1、R2、R3、R4或R5的取代基取代,条件是环A以及环A上的任何取代基不包含碱性氮原子。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中A选择任选取代的吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、二氧戊环基、吡咯啉基、吡喃基、哌啶基、1,4-二烷基、吗啉基、1,4-二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、或2,3-二氢吲哚基,条件是环A以及环A上的任何取代基不包含碱性氮原子。
14.根据权利要求1的方法,其中A为:
其中
X,Y,和Z5各自独立地为CR′;
X1和Y1独立地选自价键、CH2,CHR9,O,S,NR′,C(O),S(O),或SO2,条件是X1和Y1不能同时为价键;
Z为C(R′)2,C(R′)2-C(R′)2,C(R′)2-Q,或Q,其中Q为O,NR′,S(O),SO2或C(O);
Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4各自独立地选自CH2,CHR′,O,S,NR′,C(O),S(O),SO2;
R′独立地选自(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1,S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,R2,或R6,条件是当X1、Y1、Z、Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4中的任一个为NR′时,则R′是S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5。
15.根据权利要求1的方法,其中A为任选被1-3个R’取代的下式基团:
其中
X1独立地选自价键、CH2、CHR9、O、S、NR′、C(O)、S(O)、SO2;
每个R′独立地选自(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1,S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,R2,或R6,条件是当X1、Y1、Z、Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4中的任一个为NR′时,则R′是S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5;
y为0,1或2;
z为0,1或2;和
键r任选为单键或双键;
条件是当D为CH2,y为1和z为2时,则X1不能是C(O)或-CH(OH)-。
16.根据权利要求1的方法,其中B为哌嗪。
19.根据权利要求1-18任一项的方法,其中所述方法对M1和M4中的至少一种是选择性的。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其中所述方法对M4是选择性的。
21.根据权利要求1-20任一项的方法,其中所述调节是激活作用。
22.式(II)化合物:
其中:
B选自:
D为CF2,CH2,或CHR9;
环C为任选被1-4个的R1、R2、R3、R4或R5取代的苯基;
环AII选自:
X,Y,和Z5各自独立地为CR′;
X1和Y1独立地选自价键、CH2,CHR9,O,S,NR′,C(O),S(O),SO2,或者X1和Y1一起表示-CH=CH-,条件是X1和Y1二者不能同时为价键;
每个Z独立地为C(R′)2,C(R′)2-C(R′)2,C(R′)2-Q,或Q,其中Q为O,NR′,S(O),SO2或C(O);
Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4各自独立地选自CHR′,O,S,NR′,C(O),S(O),SO2;
每个R′独立地选自(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1,S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,R2,或R6,条件是当X1、Y1、Z、Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4中的任一个为NR′时,则R′是S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5;
每个R1独立地为氧代或((C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1;
每个Q1独立地为卤素,CN,NO2,CF3,OCF3,OH,SR6,S(O)R6,SO2R6,N(R6)2,NR6R8,COOH,COOR6或OR6;
每个R2独立地为任选被1-3个独立选自R1、R4或R5的取代基取代的脂族基;
每个R3独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-3个独立选自R1、R2、R4或R5的取代基取代;
每个R4独立地为OR5,OR6,OC(O)R6,OC(O)R5,OC(O)OR6,OC(O)OR5,OC(O)N(R6)2,OC(O)N(R5)2,OC(O)N(R6R5),S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,N(R6)2,N(R5)2,N(R5R6),NR5C(O)R5,NR6C(O)R6,NR6C(O)R5,NR6C(O)OR6,NR5C(O)OR6,NR6C(O)OR5,NR5C(O)OR5,NR6C(O)N(R6)2,NR6C(O)NR5R6,NR6C(O)N(R5)2,NR5C(O)N(R6)2,NR5C(O)NR5R6,NR5C(O)N(R5)2,NR6SO2R6,NR6SO2R5,NR5SO2R5,NR6SO2N(R6)2,NR6SO2NR5R6,NR6SO2N(R5)2,NR5SO2NR5R6,NR5SO2N(R5)2,N(OR6)R6,N(OR6)R5,N(OR5)R5,或N(OR5)R6;
每个R5独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-3个R1取代;
每个R6独立地为H或任选被R7取代的脂族基;
每个R7独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂族基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-2个以下的基团取代:(C1-C6)-直链或支链烷基、(C2-C6)直链或支链的链烯基或炔基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、或(CH2)n-Q2;
每个Q2独立地选自卤素、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、S-脂族基、S(O)-脂族基、SO2-脂族基、COOH、C(O)O-脂族基、或O-脂族基;
每个R8独立地为氨基保护基;
每个R9独立地为R2,R3,或R6;
每个i独立地为0、1、2、或3;
每个m独立地为0或1;
每个n独立地为0或1;并且
进一步的条件是:
(i)当C为二甲基-氟-苯基,n为1,D为CH2,Z为C(CH3)2,X和Y均为CH,且B为哌嗪时,则X1和Y1不能同时为CH2;和
(ii)当C为被R2取代的苯基,D为CH2,n为1,且B为哌嗪时,则环AII不能是金刚烷基;和
(iii)所述化合物不能是1-苯基-4-4(三环[3.3.1.13,7]癸-1-基甲基-哌嗪。
23.根据权利要求22的化合物,其中环AII为:
24.根据权利要求23的化合物,其中X和Y都为CH。
25.根据权利要求23的化合物,其中X和Y中的每个R’是不同的。
26.根据权利要求23的化合物,其中X1和Y1均为CH2。
27.根据权利要求23的化合物,其中X1和Y1一起表示-CH=CH-。
28.根据权利要求23的化合物,其中X1和Y1中的一个为CH2,X1和Y1中的另一个为NR’。
29.根据权利要求23的化合物,其中Z为O,CH2或NR’。
30.根据权利要求23的化合物,其中Z为C(O),-CH2-C(O)-,或-C(O)-CH2-。
32.根据权利要求31的化合物,其中Z1和Z2各自独立地为CH2,CHR’,NR’,或C(O)。
33.根据权利要求31的化合物,其中Z1和Z2各自独立地为CH2或NR’。
34.根据权利要求31的化合物,其中Z1和Z2各自为CH2。
35.根据权利要求22的化合物,其中环AII为:
36.根据权利要求35的化合物,其中Z1和Z3各自独立地为CH2或NR’。
37.根据权利要求35的化合物,其中Z1和Z3各自为CH2。
38.根据权利要求35的化合物,其中X和Y各自为CR’。
39.根据权利要求35的化合物,其中X和Y各自为CH。
40.根据权利要求22-39任一项的化合物,其中B为哌嗪。
41.根据权利要求22的化合物,其选自:
43.式III的化合物:
其中:
B选自:
D为CF2,CH2,或CHR9;
环C为任选被1-4个的R1、R2、R3、R4或R5取代的苯基;
环AIII是任选被1-3个R′取代的下式基团:
X1独立地选自价键、CH2、CHR9、O、S、NR′、C(O)、S(O)、SO2;
每个R′独立地选自(C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1,S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,R2,或R6,条件是当X1、Y1、Z、Z1、Z2、Z3、和Z4中的任一个为NR′时,则R′是S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5;R1为氧代或((C1-C4)脂族基)m-Q1;
每个Q1独立地为卤素,CN,NO2,CF3,OCF3,OH,SR6,S(O)R6,SO2R6,N(R6)2,NR6R8,COOH,COOR6或OR6;
每个R2独立地为任选被1-3个独立选自R1、R4或R5的取代基取代的脂族基;
每个R3独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-3个独立选自R1、R2、R4或R5的取代基取代;
每个R4独立地为OR5,OR6,OC(O)R6,OC(O)R5,OC(O)OR6,OC(O)OR5,OC(O)N(R6)2,OC(O)N(R5)2,OC(O)N(R6R5),S(O)iR6,S(O)iR5,SO2N(R6)2,SO2N(R5)2,SO2NR5R6,C(O)R5,C(O)OR5,C(O)R6,C(O)OR6,C(O)N(R6)2,C(O)N(R5)2,C(O)N(R5R6),C(O)N(OR6)R6,C(O)N(OR5)R6,C(O)N(OR6)R5,C(O)N(OR5)R5,C(NOR6)R6,C(NOR6)R5,C(NOR5)R6,C(NOR5)R5,N(R6)2,N(R5)2,N(R5R6),NR5C(O)R5,NR6C(O)R6,NR6C(O)R5,NR6C(O)OR6,NR5C(O)OR6,NR6C(O)OR5,NR5C(O)OR5,NR6C(O)N(R6)2,NR6C(O)NR5R6,NR6C(O)N(R5)2,NR5C(O)N(R6)2,NR5C(O)NR5R6,NR5C(O)N(R5)2,NR6SO2R6,NR6SO2R5,NR5SO2R5,NR6SO2N(R6)2,NR6SO2NR5R6,NR6SO2N(R5)2,NR5SO2NR5R6,NR5SO2N(R5)2,N(OR6)R6,N(OR6)R5,N(OR5)R5,或N(OR5)R6;
每个R5独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-3个R1取代;
每个R6独立地为H或任选被R7取代的脂族基;
每个R7独立地为环脂族基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基环,其中环脂族基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基各自任选被1-2个以下的基团取代:(C1-C6)-直链或支链烷基、(C2-C6)直链或支链的链烯基或炔基、1,2-亚甲二氧基、1,2-亚乙二氧基、或(CH2)n-Q2;
每个Q2独立地选自卤素、CN、NO2、CF3、OCF3、OH、S-脂族基、S(O)-脂族基、SO2-脂族基、COOH、C(O)O-脂族基、或O-脂族基;
每个R8独立地为氨基保护基;
每个R9独立地为R2,R3,或R6;
每个i为0、1、2、或3;
每个m为0或1;
每个n为0或1;
每个y为0,1或2;
每个z为0,1或2,条件是y+z为1,2,或3;并且
键r为单键或双键;
条件是当D为CH2,y为1和z为2时,则X1不能是C(O)或-CH(OH)-。
44.根据权利要求43的化合物,其中X1为NR’。
45.根据权利要求43的化合物,其中X1为-N(C(O)OR5)-。
46.根据权利要求43、44、或45的化合物,其中B为哌嗪。
49.一种药物组合物,它包括权利要求22-48任一项的化合物和可药用的载体。
50.一种治疗或减轻哺乳动物毒蕈碱性受体介导的疾病的严重程度的方法,包括对所述哺乳动物给药权利要求1-48任一项所述的化合物,或给药权利要求49的组合物。
51.根据权利要求50的方法,其中所述毒蕈碱性受体是M4。
52.根据权利要求50的方法,其中所述受体是M1。
53.一种治疗或减轻患者疾病的严重程度的方法,其中所述疾病选自包括认知障碍在内的CNS源性病变、注意力不集中的过度反应症(ADHD)、肥胖症、阿耳茨海默氏病、各种痴呆症如血管性痴呆、与CNS异常有关的精神病包括精神分裂症、躁狂症、双相性精神障碍、包括急性和慢性综合症在内的疼痛症、Huntington舞蹈病、Friederich病、Gilles de la Tourette综合症、Down氏综合症、Pick病、临床性抑郁症、帕金森病、外用性疾病如青光眼眼内压的降低和治疗包括Sjgren综合症在内的干性眼和口干燥、心动过缓、胃酸分泌,哮喘,GI失调和创伤愈合,其中所述方法包括使所述患者与权利要求1-48任一项所述的化合物或权利要求49的组合物接触的步骤。
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CN104321313A (zh) * | 2012-01-05 | 2015-01-28 | 里约热内卢联邦大学 | 为用于治疗良性前列腺增生的α1A、α1D肾上腺素能受体和5-HT1A受体的拮抗剂的N-苯基哌嗪衍生物,包含所述N-苯基哌嗪衍生物的药物组合物 |
CN112154145A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-12-29 | 辉瑞大药厂 | 哌嗪氮杂螺衍生物 |
CN112341406A (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-09 | 韶远科技(上海)有限公司 | 反式-4-[4-(3-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]金刚烷-1-醇合成方法 |
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Cited By (6)
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CN104321313A (zh) * | 2012-01-05 | 2015-01-28 | 里约热内卢联邦大学 | 为用于治疗良性前列腺增生的α1A、α1D肾上腺素能受体和5-HT1A受体的拮抗剂的N-苯基哌嗪衍生物,包含所述N-苯基哌嗪衍生物的药物组合物 |
CN112154145A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-12-29 | 辉瑞大药厂 | 哌嗪氮杂螺衍生物 |
CN112154145B (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2023-10-17 | 辉瑞大药厂 | 哌嗪氮杂螺衍生物 |
CN112341406A (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-09 | 韶远科技(上海)有限公司 | 反式-4-[4-(3-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]金刚烷-1-醇合成方法 |
WO2022105046A1 (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-05-27 | 韶远科技(上海)有限公司 | 反式-4-[4-(3-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]金刚烷-1-醇合成方法 |
CN112341406B (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2023-02-10 | 韶远科技(上海)有限公司 | 反式-4-[4-(3-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]金刚烷-1-醇合成方法 |
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AU2004275836A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
NO20061845L (no) | 2006-06-26 |
RU2006114045A (ru) | 2007-11-20 |
JP2007506776A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
TW200524890A (en) | 2005-08-01 |
WO2005030188A2 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
EP1673089A2 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
IL174419A0 (en) | 2006-08-01 |
US20090239873A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
UY28538A1 (es) | 2005-04-29 |
CA2540186A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
AR047759A1 (es) | 2006-02-22 |
WO2005030188A3 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
ZA200602449B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
PE20050435A1 (es) | 2005-06-14 |
MXPA06003363A (es) | 2006-06-08 |
US7563795B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
US20050137211A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
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