CN1821214A - 基于多胺的缓蚀剂 - Google Patents
基于多胺的缓蚀剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1821214A CN1821214A CNA2006100046937A CN200610004693A CN1821214A CN 1821214 A CN1821214 A CN 1821214A CN A2006100046937 A CNA2006100046937 A CN A2006100046937A CN 200610004693 A CN200610004693 A CN 200610004693A CN 1821214 A CN1821214 A CN 1821214A
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- compound
- alkyl
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- alkenyl
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
具有式(1)－(4)的N－氧化物、季铵和/或甜菜碱官能团的化合物是有效的缓蚀剂，适合用于各种应用的任一种，例如汽车冷却系统、供暖锅炉、油井钻探以及原油和各种石油馏分的处理、运输和存储。在下述结构式中，基团R1－R5可以为某些烃基基团。在式(1)和(3)中，R3也可以为(CH2) p－COO－，其中p为1或2，以及在式(3)和(4)中，R2也可以为(CH2) p－COO－。在式(1)和(2)的化合物中，R2也可以为如下所示的式(A)的多羟基烷基基团。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及缓蚀剂。更具体地，本发明涉及包括氮官能团的缓蚀剂。
背景技术
虽然主要努力已致力于发展抗腐蚀合金，但是金属的腐蚀防护或腐蚀抑制仍是一个主要方面。减少腐蚀在许多应用中很重要，例如在汽车冷却系统、采暖锅炉、油井钻探以及原油和各种石油馏分的处理、运输和存储中。在这些以及其它应用中，就配套设备所需的维护保养、停工时间以及替换安排而言，腐蚀常常可能具有重要的经济影响。因此，腐蚀防护或腐蚀抑制使计划外停工、维护与修理减到最少，并且保证流体输送设备的安全运行。为了达到这一点，通常将称为缓蚀剂的一种或多种添加剂引入腐蚀性工艺物流以减少腐蚀。虽然许多缓蚀剂是本领域已知的，但是用现有的体系并不总是能获得令人满意的腐蚀抑制。因此仍然需要适用于一些或全部上述环境或者其它的新型缓蚀剂。
发明内容
在一个方面，本发明提供一种式(1)的化合物：
其中R1选自C4-C18支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基和芳烷基；R2选自C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基和式(A)的部分：
R3为C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2；n为2到14的整数；m为0到2的整数；R4为H、α-D-吡喃葡糖基、β-D-吡喃糖基或β-D-吡喃半乳糖基；以及X-为Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、CH3COO-、1/2SO4 -2或1/3 PO4 -3，条件是对于每个为(CH2)p-COO-的R3，式(1)中X-部分的数目减一；进一步的条件是当R3不为(CH2)p-COO-时，R1不为直链烷基。
在另一个方面，本发明提供一种式(2)的化合物：
其中R1选自C4-C18支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基和芳烷基；R2选自C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基和式(A)的部分：
n为2到14的整数；m为0到2的整数；以及R4为H、α-D-吡喃葡糖基、β-D-吡喃糖基或β-D-吡喃半乳糖基。
在另一方面，本发明提供一种式(3)的化合物：
其中R1为C3-C12支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基或芳基取代的支链或直链烷基；R2和R3各自分别选自C1-C4烷基、苯甲基、C3-C5链烯基和(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2，条件是R2和R3不同为(CH2)p-COO-；R4和R5独立选自C2-C6亚烷基；n为0到4的整数；以及X-为Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、CH3COO-、1/2 SO4 -2或1/3PO4 -3，条件是对于每个为(CH2)p-COO-的R3，式(3)中X-部分的数目减一；进一步的条件是，如果n为0并且R4为(CH2)2，那么R1不为直链烷基或R3为(CH2)p-COO-，或者两者同时满足。
在另一方面，本发明提供一种式(4)的化合物：
其中R1为C3-C12支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基或芳烷基；R2选自C1-C4烷基、苯甲基、C3-C5链烯基和(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2；R4和R5独立选自C2-C6亚烷基；以及n为0到4的整数；条件是如果R2不为(CH2)p-COO-，那么n≥1。
在另外的方面，本发明提供一种减少金属表面腐蚀的方法，包括用包括缓蚀剂的腐蚀性介质接触金属表面，所述缓蚀剂为以上所示式(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)的任一种。
具体实施方式
本发明提供某些取代的亚烷基二胺或多胺以及它们的衍生物，其适用于防止或抑制含水或其它腐蚀性环境中金属表面的腐蚀。提供了如以下式(1)-(4)所示的四类化合物。现在将详细论述这些化合物的每一种。
第一类新的缓蚀剂包括如下式(1)所示的N，N′-二烷基亚烷基二胺的某些衍生物。
式(1)中，R1选自C4-C18支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基和芳烷基；R2选自C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基和式(A)的部分：
R3为C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2；n为2到14的整数；m为0到2的整数；R4为H、α-D-吡喃葡糖基、β-D-吡喃糖基或β-D-吡喃半乳糖基；以及X-为Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、CH3COO-、1/2 SO4 -2或1/3 PO4 -3，条件是对于每个为(CH2)p-COO-的R3，式(1)中X-部分的数目减一；进一步的条件是当R3不为(CH2)p-COO-时，R1不为直链烷基。以上式(A)的取代基，不管R4的定义，在此将表示为“多羟基烷基”基团。应理解，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，以下式(1)和式1(a)中使用的术语“2X-”拟表示提供电中性所需的阴离子量。
合适的示例性R1基团包括直链或支链烷基，例如正丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、叔戊基、异戊基、新戊基、2-甲基戊基、正己基、异己基、庚基、2-乙基己基、辛基、壬基、3，5-二甲基辛基、3，7-二甲基辛基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、3-甲基-10-乙基十二烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、椰油烷基(C8H17-C16H33)和牛油(C16H33-C18H37)，以及芳烷基、芳基、烷芳基、脂环基、二环基和类似基团。这种基团的实例为环己基甲基、苯甲基、蒎烷基(pinyl)、蒎烷基甲基、苯乙基、对甲基苄基、苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基、乙基苯基、甲基萘基、二甲基萘基、降冰片基和降冰片基甲基。
合适的示例性R2和R3基团包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、叔戊基、异戊基、新戊基、2-甲基戊基、正己基、异己基、庚基、2-乙基己基、辛基、环己基甲基、苯甲基、苯乙基、对甲基苄基、苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基和乙基苯基。合适的示例性R2基团也包括多羟基烷基基团，例如1-脱氧葡糖基、2，3-二羟基丙基以及衍生自甘露糖醇3木糖醇、半乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇和乳糖醇的类似1-脱氧基团。
式(1)的化合物可以通过合成有机化学领域已知的任何方法制备。例如，它们可以根据化学领域公知的方法，通过使相应的N，N′-二(R1)-N，N′-二(R2)亚烷基二胺与烷基卤化物反应引入基团R3制备。在其中R3为(CH2)p-COO-的情况下，可以采用与卤代羧酸盐，例如卤代乙酸盐的反应(参见例如E.I.DuPont de Nemours and Company的US3,839,425的实施例1)。
如果R2为多羟基烷基基团，那么根据R4和m的值，R2可能有许多变化形成下式(1a)的许多化合物。
式(1a)的化合物可以通过任何合适方法得到，例如由V.I.Veksler等人在Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii，50(9)，2120-2123(1980)报导的方法。虽然各种多羟基烷基基团的任一种都可以被引入本发明的化合物，但是它们最通常衍生自还原糖，例如葡萄糖的开链形式。示例性多羟基烷基基团衍生自葡萄糖；即它们为1-脱氧葡糖基基团。通常，可用于制备本发明的N，N′-二烷基-N，N′-二(多羟基烷基)亚烷基二胺的N-(多羟基烷基)烷基胺的多羟基烷基基团可以衍生自还原糖的任一种，包括葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和木糖。通常，还原糖为醛糖，但是也可以使用酮糖，并且可以使用单糖和二糖，后者的适当来源包括高葡萄糖玉米糖浆、高果糖玉米糖浆和高麦芽糖玉米糖浆。其它有用的多羟基烷基基团可以衍生自甘油醛。在一些实施方案中，R2为衍生自葡萄糖的多羟基烷基基团；即该基团为1-脱氧葡糖基。在这种情况下，m为2并且R4为氢。
第二类缓蚀剂包括通式(2)的二N-氧化物：
其中R1和R2如以上关于式(1)的化合物的定义。
式(2)的化合物可以通过合成有机化学领域已知的任何方法制备。例如，它们可以通过用诸如过氧化氢的氧化剂处理相应的二叔胺制备(参见例如US 5,710,332实施例4的N，N-二烷基葡糖胺的N-氧化物的制备)。
在其中R2为多羟基烷基基团，所述多羟基烷基基团构成如以下式(2a)所示的式(2)的小类的情况下，其中R1、R4、m和n具有如以上关于式(1a)定义的相同含义。
在一个实施方案中，多羟基烷基基团衍生自葡萄糖；即该基团为1-脱氧葡糖基。在这种情况下，m为2并且R4为氢。
第三类缓蚀剂包括通式(3)的N，N′-二烷基多亚烷基多胺的四元衍生物。
式(3)中，R1为C3-C12支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基或芳基取代的支链或直链烷基；R2和R3各自分别选自C1-C4烷基、苯甲基、C3-C5链烯基和(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2，条件是R2和R3不同为(CH2)p-COO-；R4和R5独立选自C2-C6亚烷基；n为0到4的整数；以及X-为Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、CH3COO-、1/2 SO4 -2或1/3 PO4 -3，条件是对于每个为(CH2)p-COO-的R3，式(3)中X-部分的数目减一。应理解，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，式(3)中使用的术语“(n+2)X-”拟表示提供电中性所需的阴离子量。
在本发明的一些实施方案中，如果n为0并且R4为(CH2)2，那么R1不为直链烷基或R3为(CH2)p-COO-，或者两者同时满足。合适的示例性R1基团包括直链或支链烷基，例如正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、叔戊基、异戊基、新戊基、2-甲基戊基、正己基、异己基、庚基、2-乙基己基、辛基、壬基、3，5-二甲基辛基、3，7-二甲基辛基、癸基、十一烷基和十二烷基，以及环己基甲基、苯甲基、苯乙基和对甲基苄基。合适的示例性R2和R3基团包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、异丁基和苯甲基。在一些实施方案中，R4和R5均为(CH2)2、(CH2)3、(CH2)6或(CH2)3CH(CH3)CH2。
式(3)的化合物可以通过合成有机化学领域已知的任何方法制备。例如，它们可以通过相应的多胺(4)在本领域已知条件下的烷基化制备，该多胺可以反过来例如根据US 4,126,640；US 4,195,152或US 6,015,852的任一种方法得到；
其中R1-R5如式(3)的定义。这种烷基化可以例如通过与烷基卤化物的反应完成(例如参见《合成有机化学》，R.B.Wagner和H.D.Zook，John Wiley and Sons，New York，1953，668页)。式(4)的化合物本身构成本发明的第四类缓蚀剂，其中R1-R5以及n如以上关于式(3)的定义。在一些实施方案中，如果R2不为(CH2)p-COO-，那么n≥1。在一些实施方案中，R4和R5均为(CH2)2、(CH2)3、(CH2)6或(CH2)3CH(CH3)CH2。
本发明的缓蚀剂可以单独地或者以任何所需的混合物与另一种或其它缓蚀剂或惰性或协同材料一起为金属提供腐蚀防护。这种其它成分的非限制性实例包括中和胺、脂肪胺、季铵盐、咪唑啉、咪唑、炔醇、膦酸、消泡剂以及水或其它溶剂。这种混合物中本发明的缓蚀剂的量可以在1到100wt％的范围内变化，优选5到50wt％。通常，包括缓蚀剂的混合物以相对于接触金属表面的腐蚀性介质的按重量计1到5000ppm的浓度添加，但是1到100ppm的浓度是更常用的。腐蚀性介质可以是含水或液体有机介质，或者它们可以以混合物形式包括含水和有机组分，所述混合物可以是溶液、悬浮液或这些的组合。可以用缓蚀剂处理的腐蚀性介质的实例包括汽车冷却系统、采暖锅炉、油井钻探以及原油和各种石油馏分的处理、运输和存储。
一种包括本发明缓蚀剂的用于处理锅炉水或水蒸汽冷凝水的典型含水缓蚀剂配方可以包括按重量计的以下组分：
1-20％的式(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)任一种的化合物；
4-40％的一种或多种碱性中和化合物，例如NaOH、KOH、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硼酸盐、氨水、铵盐、中和胺以及挥发性胺类，例如环己胺、吗啉、二环己基胺和二乙氨基乙醇；
0-20％的成膜胺，例如十八烷基胺、牛油胺、椰油胺、油基胺、氨基胺、咪唑啉、脂肪烷基胺或二胺，以及这些胺的季盐或这些胺与有机或无机酸的盐；
0-10％的一种或多种其它活性成分，例如除氧剂、防垢剂、螯合剂、分散剂、乳化剂、表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物；以及
10-95％的水。
一种包括本发明缓蚀剂的用于金属加工、金属处理或金属润滑的典型缓蚀剂配方可以包括按重量计的以下组分：
30-99％的一种或多种载体或溶剂，例如烃熔剂或油或蜡、矿物油或蜡、合成酯或聚酯、聚醚、醇、水以及天然脂肪或油，例如妥尔油、菜子油、玉米油、蓖麻油、棉籽油、棕榈油、猪油和牛油；
1-20％的式(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)任一种的化合物；
0-20％的共缓蚀剂，例如有机酸及其矿物或胺盐、有机硼化合物或盐、十八烷基胺、牛油胺、椰油胺、油基胺、氨基胺、咪唑啉、链烷醇酰胺、磺酰胺、脂肪烷基胺或二胺，以及这些胺的季盐或这些胺与有机或无机酸的盐；
0-20％的碱性中和化合物，例如中和胺、烷基胺、烷基链烷醇胺、烷醇胺和碱性盐；以及
0-10％的一种或多种其它活性成分，例如疏水剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、表面活性剂、消泡剂、杀菌剂和稳定剂。
一种包括本发明缓蚀剂的用于油田、石油运输或炼油厂应用的典型缓蚀剂配方可以包括按重量计的以下组分：
20-99％的一种或多种载体或溶剂，例如烃熔剂或油、水以及分散或偶联剂，例如乙二醇、乙二醇醚、醇、酯、酮、酰胺，表面活性剂，乳化剂或分散剂；
1-30％的式(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)任一种的化合物；
0-30％的一种或多种共缓蚀剂，例如有机酸及其矿物或胺盐、有机膦酸盐、磷酸酯、炔醇；中和缓蚀剂，例如碱性盐、氨水、铵盐和中和胺；挥发性胺，例如环己胺、吗啉、烷基胺、烷基链烷醇胺和链烷醇胺；十八烷基胺、牛油胺、椰油胺、油基胺、氨基胺、咪唑啉、烷基吡啶、酰胺及其盐、脂肪烷基胺或二胺，以及这些胺的季盐或这些胺与有机或无机酸的盐；以及
0-20％的一种或多种其它活性成分，例如非乳化剂、防沫剂、表面活性剂、杀菌剂、除氧剂、除硫化氢剂和防垢剂。
除了作为缓蚀剂的作用，相对于现有技术的缓蚀剂，本发明的化合物(1a)和(2a)可以显示提高的生物降解性和更低的水生毒性。更一般地，相对于一些现有缓蚀剂，作为二胺或多胺化合物的本发明的缓蚀剂(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)可以显示更低的水生毒性。
通过以下实施例进一步举例说明本发明，给出实施例的目的是为了说明而不是限制本发明的方法和组合物。
实施例
实施例1举例说明N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-二月桂基乙二胺的制备，其为合成式(1)类别的缓蚀剂的中间体实例。实施例2-10举例说明其它N，N′-二(R1)-N，N′-二(R2)亚烷基二胺的制备。
实施例1-10
在300mL高压釜工程不锈钢反应器中加入72.4g(0.40摩尔)月桂腈、16.8g(0.19摩尔)N，N′-二甲基乙二胺、1.45g(干重基)5％碳载钯催化剂和48g异丙醇。封闭反应器，用氮气和氢气吹扫并用氢气加压到约600psig。将混合物伴随搅拌(1000rpm)加热到125℃，用氢气加压到1000psig，并通过调节氢气供给将混合物保持在该温度和压力。7小时之后，将混合物冷却到室温，并通过内部0.5μm烧结金属元件过滤将产物从反应器中移走。根据GC(气相色谱法)和GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱法)对产物的分析表明转化完全，并且产物包括98+％的N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-二月桂基乙二胺和稍稍超过1％的N，N′-二甲基-N-月桂基乙二胺。真空蒸馏(190-200℃/80-100托)提供纯的N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-二月桂基乙二胺。其它的N，N′-二(R1)-N，N′-二(R2)亚烷基二胺可以使用类似于那些上述方法的方法制备和表征。这些二胺中的一些示于表1中的实施例2-10。
表1
| 实施例 | R1 | R2 | n |
| 12345678910 | C12H25C6H11C6H11C6H15C8H15C10H21C12H25椰油烷基(C8H17-C16H33)椰油烷基(C8H17-C16H33)牛油(C16H33-C18H37) | CH3C2H5C2H5CH3CH3CH3C2H5CH3C2H5CH3 | 2262622222 |
实施例11-15举例说明二甜菜碱盐的制备，即其中R3为(CH2)p-COO-的种类(1)的缓蚀剂的实例，并且具体地为表2中的实施例11。
实施例11-15
在室温下向配备磁力搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计和氮气吹扫的250mL三颈烧瓶中添加20g(0.0472摩尔)N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-二月桂基乙二胺、25.54g(0.1180摩尔)碘乙酸钠、80mL异丙醇和8mL去离子水。伴随搅拌将混合物加热到80℃并保持在该温度4.5小时。冷却到室温之后，用旋转蒸发器将溶剂在真空下除去。添加异丙醇(约100mL)，真空过滤，用旋转蒸发器在真空下后续除去异丙醇，产生纯的N，N′-二(羧甲基)-N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-二月桂基乙二胺二氢氧化物内盐。其它二甜菜碱可以使用类似于那些上述方法的方法制备和表征。这些化合物中的一些示于表2，其中所有实施例中X为I。
表2
| 实施例 | R1 | R2 | R3 | n |
| 1112131415 | C12H25C6H11C6H15椰油烷基(C8H17-C16H33)牛油(C16H33-C18H37) | CH3C2H5CH3CH3CH3 | CH2COO-CH2COO-CH2COO-CH2COO-CH2COO- | 22222 |
实施例16-20举例说明几种二N-氧化物的制备，其为其中每个氮上的取代基都不是多羟基烷基基团的类别(2)缓蚀剂的实例。
实施例16-20
在室温下向配备磁力搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计、隔膜和氮气吹扫的100mL三颈烧瓶中添加5g(0.0118摩尔)N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-月桂基乙二胺和25mL异丙醇。伴随搅拌将混合物加热到60℃，之后由注射器逐滴添加3.2g(0.028摩尔；2.4当量)的30wt％过氧化氢水溶液。将反应保持在60℃下6小时。冷却到室温之后，用旋转蒸发器在真空下除去溶剂，产生N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-二月桂基乙二胺-N，N′-二(N-氧化物)。由NMR分析测定产物的归属和纯度。其它类似的亚烷基二胺二(N-氧化物)可以使用类似于那些上述方法的方法制备和表征。这些化合物中的一些示于表3。
表3
| 实施例 | R1 | R2 | n |
| 1617181920 | C12H25C6H11C8H15椰油烷基(C8H17-C16H33)牛油(C16H33-C18H37) | CH3C2H5CH3CH3CH3 | 22222 |
实施例21-24举例说明几种其中两个氮原子被多羟基烷基基团取代的二N-氧化物，即小类(2a)的化合物的制备。
实施例21-24
使用N，N′-二辛基-N，N′-二(1-脱氧葡糖基)乙二胺重复实施例20的方法，使用甲醇而不是异丙醇作为溶剂，制备示于表4的化合物，其中R4＝H并且m和n都为2。
表4
| 实施例 | R1 |
| 21222324 | C8H17C6H11C4H9C12H25 |
实施例25和26举例说明使用某些本发明的示例性化合物作为缓蚀剂。
实施例25-对照(无缓蚀剂)
通过电化学动电位法测定腐蚀速率。实验设备为标准三电极电化学电池，具有由1018碳素钢固体棒制造的样本或工作电极。使用190mL/cm2的溶液对工作电极表面积比率进行测试。极化在低于开路电位(比开路电位更活泼)(1hr后Eoc)250mV下开始，并在正向以0.6V/小时的速率扫描达到高于Eoc250mV。连续记录电流。使用Tafel分析从极化曲线(E对Log I)导出腐蚀电位(Ecorr)和腐蚀电流(Icorr)。由腐蚀电流计算腐蚀速率，用密耳每年(mpy)表示。根据NACE测试法1D196，使用模拟盐溶液进行腐蚀测试，所述模拟盐溶液通过将85.07g氯化钙二水合物、39.16g氯化镁六水合物、2025.00g氯化钠以及19L蒸馏水混合制备。对于该实施例，190mL/cm2的溶液对工作电极表面积比率所需的模拟盐溶液的体积在120(±2)°F的温度下保持在电化学测试设备中。在测试之前以及测试期间，用气态二氧化碳连续喷射盐溶液。不添加缓蚀剂，对于1018碳素钢的测试基材测定的腐蚀速率为47.7mpy。
实施例26-类别(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)的缓蚀剂
使用实施例25的一般方法测定腐蚀性能，但在测量之前将相对于盐溶液按重量计100ppm的类型(1)、(1a)、(2)、(2a)、(3)或(4)的化合物加入电化学测试设备。对于1018碳素钢的测试基材测定的腐蚀速率为＜25mpy。
式(1)-(4)的化合物的应用
可以将如上所述四类化合物的任一种引入包括多种其它成分的任一种的组合物中，设计所述其它成分用来补充其作为缓蚀剂的效用。为了专门应用，这种产品的操作性能可以通过适当改进缓蚀剂的结构和选择取代基R1、R2、R3、R4和R5、连接基团中重复单元m或n的数目以及氮原子之间亚烷基基团的长度而加以优化。这种优化是常规的，在具体应用领域中本领域普通技术人员的能力范围内。因此控制这些可变量得到了可以在各种应用中具有作为缓蚀剂的实用性的化合物，各种应用包括例如那些上述公开内容概括的应用。
虽然在此参考特定实施方案对本发明进行了举例说明和描述，但是并不希望附加的权利要求限于所示细节。相反，可以预期的是本领域技术人员在这些细节中可以进行各种改进，所述改进仍然在请求保护的主题的精神和范围之内，并且希望据此解释这些权利要求。
Claims (31)
1.一种式(1)的化合物：
其中R1选自C4-C18支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基和芳烷基；R2选自C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基和式(A)的部分：
R3为C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2；n为2到14的整数；m为0到2的整数；R4为H、α-D-吡喃葡糖基、β-D-吡喃糖基或β-D-吡喃半乳糖基；以及X-为Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、CH3COO-、1/2SO4 -2或1/3PO4 -3，条件是对于每个为(CH2)p-COO-的R3，式(1)中X-部分的数目减一；进一步的条件是当R3不为(CH2)p-COO-时，R1不为直链烷基。
2.权利要求1的化合物，其中R2为式(A)的部分。
3.权利要求1的化合物，其中R1为十二烷基。
4.权利要求1的化合物，其中R1为椰油烷基。
5.权利要求1的化合物，其中R1为牛油。
6.权利要求1的化合物，其中R2为1-脱氧葡糖基。
7.权利要求1的化合物，其中R2为甲基或乙基。
8.权利要求1的化合物，其中R3为(CH2)p-COO-。
9.权利要求1的化合物，其中n为2或6。
10.一种式(2)的化合物：
其中R1选自C4-C18支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基和芳烷基；R2选自C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基和式(A)的部分；
n为2到14的整数；m为0到2的整数；以及R4为H、α-D-吡喃葡糖基、β-D-吡喃糖基或β-D-吡喃半乳糖基。
11.权利要求10的化合物，其中R1为十二烷基。
12.权利要求10的化合物，其中R1为椰油烷基。
13.权利要求10的化合物，其中R1为牛油。
14.权利要求10的化合物，其中R2为甲基或乙基。
15.权利要求10的化合物，其中R2为式(A)的部分。
16.权利要求10的化合物，其中R2为1-脱氧葡糖基。
17.权利要求16的化合物，其中R1选自丁基、己基、辛基和十二烷基。
18.权利要求10的化合物，其中n为2或6。
19.一种式(3)的化合物：
其中R1为C3-C12支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基或芳基取代的支链或直链烷基；R2和R3各自分别选自C1-C4烷基、苯甲基、C3-C5链烯基和(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2，条件是R2和R3不同为(CH2)p-COO-；R4和R5独立选自C2-C6亚烷基；n为0到4的整数；以及X-为Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、CH3COO-、1/2 SO4 -2或1/3PO4 -3，条件是对于每个为(CH2)p-COO-的R3，式(3)中X-部分的数目减一；进一步的条件是，如果n为0并且R4为(CH2)2，那么R1不为直链烷基或R3为(CH2)p-COO-，或者两者同时满足。
20.权利要求19的化合物，其中R1为支链C3-C12烷基。
21.权利要求19的化合物，其中R3为(CH2)p-COO-。
22.权利要求19的化合物，其中R4和R5都为(CH2)2。
23.权利要求19的化合物，其中R4和R5都为(CH2)3。
24.权利要求19的化合物，其中R4和R5都为(CH2)6。
25.权利要求19的化合物，其中R4和R5都为(CH2)3CH(CH3)CH2。
26.一种式(4)的化合物：
其中R1为C3-C12支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基或芳烷基；R2选自C1-C4烷基、苯甲基、C3-C5链烯基和(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2；R4和R5独立选自C2-C6亚烷基；以及n为0到4的整数；条件是如果R2不为(CH2)p-COO-，那么n≥1。
27.权利要求26的化合物，其中R4和R5都为(CH2)2。
28.权利要求26的化合物，其中R4和R5都为(CH2)3。
29.权利要求26的化合物，其中R4和R5都为(CH2)6。
30.权利要求26的化合物，其中R4和R5都为(CH2)3CH(CH3)CH2。
31.一种减少金属表面腐蚀的方法，包括使金属表面与包括以下任一种结构式的缓蚀剂的腐蚀性介质接触：
a)式(1)：
其中R1选自C4-C18支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基和芳烷基；R2选自C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基和式(A)的部分：
R3为C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2；n为2到14的整数；m为0到2的整数；R4为H、α-D-吡喃葡糖基、β-D-吡喃糖基或β-D-吡喃半乳糖基；以及X-为Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、CH3COO-、1/2SO4 -2或1/3PO4 -3，条件是对于每个为(CH2)p-COO-的R3，式(1)中X-部分的数目减一；进一步的条件是当R3不为(CH2)p-COO-时，R1不为直链烷基；
b)式(2)：
其中R1选自C4-C18支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基和芳烷基；R2选自C1-C8烷基、链烯基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基和式(A)的部分：
n为2到14的整数；m为0到2的整数；以及R4为H、α-D-吡喃葡糖基、β-D-吡喃糖基或β-D-吡喃半乳糖基；
c)式(3)：
其中R1为C3-C12支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基或芳基取代的支链或直链烷基；R2和R3各自分别选自C1-C4烷基、苯甲基、C3-C5链烯基和(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2，条件是R2和R3不同为(CH2)p-COO-；R4和R5独立选自C2-C6亚烷基；n为0到4的整数；以及X-为Cl-、Br-、I-、OH-、CH3COO-、1/2 SO4 -2或1/3PO4 -3，条件是对于每个为(CH2)p-COO-的R3，式(3)中X-部分的数目减一；进一步的条件是，如果n为0并且R4为(CH2)2，那么R1不为直链烷基或R3为(CH2)p-COO-，或者两者同时满足；和
d)式(4)：
其中R1为C3-C12支链烷基、直链烷基、链烯基、环烷基或芳烷基；R2选自C1-C4烷基、苯甲基、C3-C5链烯基和(CH2)p-COO-，其中p为1或2；R4和R5独立选自C2-C6亚烷基；以及n为0到4的整数；条件是如果R2不为(CH2)p-COO-，那么n≥1。
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| CN105008589B (zh) * | 2013-03-01 | 2017-09-22 | 通用电气公司 | 用于抑制在燃气涡轮空气压缩机中的腐蚀的组合物和方法 |
| CN105063628A (zh) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-11-18 | 武汉三友石化有限公司 | 缓蚀中和剂 |
| CN106242084A (zh) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-12-21 | 深圳市爱康泉水处理服务有限公司 | 工业锅炉给水凝结水系统阻垢缓蚀剂用组合物及其应用 |
| CN113528106A (zh) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-22 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | 一种用于抑制高温下二氧化碳腐蚀的缓蚀剂 |
| CN113528106B (zh) * | 2021-07-19 | 2022-07-29 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | 一种用于抑制高温下二氧化碳腐蚀的缓蚀剂 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1690960A9 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
| KR20060092068A (ko) | 2006-08-22 |
| CA2535675A1 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
| AU2006200546A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
| JP2006249079A (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
| CN100379717C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
| NO20060731L (no) | 2006-08-16 |
| EP1690960A3 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
| US20060180794A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| BRPI0600388A (pt) | 2006-10-03 |
| EP1690960A2 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
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