CN1724459A - Reinforced porcelain for daily use and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A strengthened ceramic for daily purpose is proportionally prepared from albite, talc and clay. Its preparing process features sintering twice respectively at 1250-1350 deg. C and at 1100-1200 deg. C. Its advantages are fine quality, high whiteness, and high strength and thermal stability.

Description

Reinforced porcelain for daily use and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to daily-use strengthened porcelain and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of high-grade daily-use fine porcelain.

Background technique

Reinforced porcelain is a very popular high-grade daily-use ceramics in the domestic and foreign markets. Its main features are the high impact strength and bending strength of the material, and good thermal stability. Reinforced porcelain products are not easy to touch the edge of the break, suitable for high-temperature disinfection, mechanical washing and rapid heating in microwave ovens. Before 1975, high-strength low-temperature porcelain appeared in the Soviet Union; before 1983, West Germany doubled the strength of daily-use ceramics by adjusting the composition on the basis of the three components of ceramics; in 1989, nearly 50 ceramic companies in Japan invested in Japanese ceramics. With the research of strengthened porcelain, the strength of the strengthened daily-use ceramics produced is 2 to 3 times higher than that of traditional daily-use ceramics. Datong strengthened porcelain produced in Taiwan, my country, increases the strength of daily-use ceramics by 1 to 2 times by adding alumina; some scientific research units and manufacturers in mainland my country have researched and trial-produced strengthened daily-use ceramics, and achieved good results. Effect.

At present, there are many types of materials for daily-use ceramics at home and abroad, and the main ones that have been developed and produced are high-alumina, high-silicon, and steatite porcelain.

High-alumina reinforced porcelain is a ceramic material made by adding 10-30wt% industrial alumina to the traditional daily-use porcelain ternary system ingredients. It has high bending strength (up to 140Mpa or more), good impact toughness, and good thermal stability. It is the leading product of reinforced porcelain at present, but the porcelain body has poor whiteness, almost no light transmittance, high volume density and high product cost.

High-silicon reinforced porcelain is based on the K2O(Na2O)-AL2O3-SiO2 ternary system. The ceramic products are made of fine and uniformly distributed quartz crystal phases. The porcelain body has good light transmittance and mechanical strength. Reinforced porcelain is required, but its firing temperature range is narrow, the degree of deformation is large, and the thermal stability is difficult to control.

Talc porcelain is a daily-use fine porcelain based on the talc-potassium feldspar-clay ternary system. It has high whiteness, good light transmittance and high bending strength. However, the firing temperature range of the porcelain body is very narrow, only 15°C, in the reinforced porcelain material, its firing temperature range is the narrowest. In the actual sintering process, it is easy to cause the porcelain body to collapse or deform. Therefore, in actual production, the method of increasing the thickness of the product is often used to solve the deformation of the product, resulting in the product being "thick and stupid".

Therefore, it is of great technical and economic significance to develop a high-grade daily-use reinforced porcelain with high whiteness, good light transmittance, good thermal stability, wide firing temperature range, and regular shape.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-grade daily-use reinforced porcelain with high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, wide firing temperature range, high whiteness and good light transmittance.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

The strengthened porcelain for daily use in the present invention has a green body including talc, feldspar, clay minerals and other components, wherein the feldspar used is albite.

The strengthened porcelain body mainly includes the following components: talc 65.00-80.00% (mass percentage, the same below), albite 5.00-20.00%, and clay minerals 5.00-20.00%.

The strengthened porcelain body mainly includes the following components: talc 70.00-75.00%, albite 5.00-15.00%, and clay minerals 10.00-20.00%.

The strengthened porcelain body mainly includes the following chemical components: SiO ₂ 60.00-75.00%, Al ₂ O ₃ 5.00-10.00%, CaO 0-1.50%, MgO 20.00-28.00%, K ₂ O 0-0.50%, Na ₂ O 0.50-2.50%.

The strengthened porcelain body mainly includes the following chemical components: SiO ₂ 65.00-70.00%, Al ₂ O ₃ 5.00-8.00%, CaO 0-1.00%, MgO 21.00-25.00%, K ₂ O 0-0.50%, Na ₂ O 0.50-1.50%.

The microstructure of the strengthened porcelain body mainly includes the following crystal phase components: original enstatite (MgO·SiO ₂ ) 95.00-100.00% and quartz (SiO ₂ ) 0-5.00%.

In the strengthened porcelain body, the main chemical composition of albite: K ₂ O+Na ₂ O content is not less than 8.50%, and the content of K ₂ O is not more than 1.50%.

In the composition of the strengthened porcelain body, 0-5.00% of an additive is added, and the additive is a mixture of dolomite, barium carbonate, and limestone or one of them.

The strengthened porcelain blank is composed of particles not larger than 10um (micrometer) with a cumulative percentage of more than 90%.

In the preparation process of the strengthened porcelain products, the secondary firing process is adopted, that is, the process of combining high-temperature (1250-1350 °C) biscuit firing and low-temperature (1100-1200 °C) glaze firing; The atmosphere is fired.

The preparation process of the reinforced porcelain is as follows:

The preparation process of the biscuit porcelain body: finely grind raw materials such as talc, albite, clay minerals, and additives separately by wet ball milling. After each raw material reaches the particle composition, it is mixed according to the mass percentage required by the composition of the blank. Sieve, remove iron, filter mud, coarsely refined mud, stale, refined mud, green body molding, high temperature biscuit firing (1250-1350 ℃, reducing atmosphere), porcelain sorting, inspection to get bisque fired porcelain body;

The preparation process of glazed products: using low-temperature frit to glaze, 1100-1200 ℃ low-temperature glazed firing, picking porcelain and passing the inspection to obtain glazed fired products.

In this study, an inverse talc porcelain K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system ingredients composition, using Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system ingredients, with albite as the main flux. In the high-temperature firing process, although the amount of high-temperature liquid phase in the green body still changes drastically with temperature, the high-temperature melt formed by albite has a strong dissolution effect on a large amount of talc decomposition product-free quartz, resulting in The viscosity of the high-temperature melt in the body is very high, which offsets the adverse effect of the change of the liquid phase on the high-temperature deformation of the green body; at the same time, there is almost no free quartz in the microstructure of the porcelain body, which greatly improves the ceramic body mechanical strength and thermal stability.

Therefore, compared with the prior art, the reinforced porcelain of the present invention has remarkable characteristics:

1. The firing temperature range is wide, up to 40°C. Far beyond the firing temperature range of traditional steatite porcelain (15°C). The shape of the product is regular, the complexity of production is greatly reduced, the difficulty of production is small, and it is easy to promote industrialization.

2. The mechanical strength is high, reaching 240MPa, which is nearly twice the strength of the current daily reinforced porcelain.

3. Good thermal stability: 240°C → 20°C water will not burst after one heat exchange;

4. For the first time, the second firing of steatite porcelain has been realized, and the steatite reinforced porcelain has been raised to the level of high-grade porcelain.

5. The product has high whiteness (88%), good light transmittance (>40%, 1mm thin slice), fine porcelain and smooth glaze.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

A kind of reinforced porcelain, whose green body includes the following components: 65% talc (mass percentage, the same below), 18% albite, 10% kaolin, and 7% clay.

The chemical composition of the green body is: SiO ₂ 67.00%, Al ₂ O ₃ 8.19%, CaO 0.93%, MgO 21.65%, K ₂ O 0.18%, Na ₂ O 1.66%.

The chemical composition of albite in the green body is: SiO ₂ 73.45%, Al ₂ O ₃ 16.54%, CaO 0.35%, MgO 0.15%, K ₂ O 0.50%, Na ₂ O 8.85%, loss on ignition 0.34% .

In the microstructure of the porcelain body, the crystal phase composition is: original enstatite (MgO·SiO ₂ ) 100.00%.

Its production process is as follows:

The preparation process of the bisque porcelain body: talc, albite, clay, and kaolin are separately finely ground by wet ball milling, and each raw material reaches the stated particle composition [the cumulative percentage of particles not greater than 10um (micrometer) accounts for more than 90%] Finally, mix according to the mass percentage ratio required by the billet composition, sieve, remove iron, filter mud, rough mud, stale, refined mud, green body molding, high-temperature bisque firing (1250 ° C, reducing atmosphere);

The preparation process of glazed products: using low-temperature frit to glaze, 1150 ℃ low-temperature glazed firing, picking porcelain, and then obtaining glazed fired products after passing the inspection.

Example 2:

A kind of strengthened porcelain, its body includes the following components: 70% of talc (mass percentage, the same below), 15% of albite, 10% of kaolin, and 5% of clay.

The chemical composition of the green body is: SiO ₂ 66.58%, Al ₂ O ₃ 7.38%, CaO 0.94%, MgO 23.20%, K ₂ O 0.14%, Na ₂ O 1.38%.

The chemical composition of albite in the green body is: SiO ₂ 72.45%, Al ₂ O ₃ 16.24%, CaO 0.35%, MgO 0.15%, K ₂ O 0.90%, Na ₂ O 9.45%, loss on ignition 0.46%

In the microstructure of the porcelain body, the crystal phase components are: original enstatite (MgO·SiO ₂ ) 98.00%, quartz 2.00%.

Its production process is as follows:

The preparation process of bisque porcelain body: talc, albite, clay, and kaolin are separately finely ground by wet ball milling, and each raw material reaches the stated particle composition [the cumulative percentage of particles not greater than 10um (micrometer) accounts for more than 90%] Finally, mix according to the mass percentage ratio required by the billet composition, sieve, remove iron, filter mud, rough mud, stale, refined mud, green body molding, high-temperature bisque firing (1280 ° C, reducing atmosphere);

The preparation process of glazed products: using low-temperature frit to glaze, 1150 ℃ low-temperature glazed firing, picking porcelain, and then obtaining glazed fired products after passing the inspection.

Example 3:

A strengthened porcelain, the body of which includes the following components: 75% talc (mass percentage, the same below), 13% albite, 10% kaolin, and 2% clay.

The chemical composition of the green body is: SiO ₂ 66.14%, Al ₂ O ₃ 6.60%, CaO 0.93%, MgO 24.69%, K ₂ O 0.09%, Na ₂ O 1.18%.

The chemical composition of albite in the green body is: SiO ₂ 72.45%, Al ₂ O ₃ 16.24%, CaO 0.35%, MgO 0.15%, K ₂ O 0.90%, Na ₂ O 9.43%, loss on ignition 0.46%

In the microstructure of the porcelain body, the crystal phase components are: original enstatite (MgO·SiO ₂ ) 97.00%, quartz 3.00%.

Its production process is as follows:

The preparation process of the bisque porcelain body: talc, albite, clay, and kaolin are separately finely ground by wet ball milling, and each raw material reaches the stated particle composition [the cumulative percentage of particles not greater than 10um (micrometer) accounts for more than 90%] Finally, mix according to the mass percentage ratio required by the billet composition, sieve, remove iron, filter mud, rough mud, stale, refined mud, green body molding, high temperature bisque firing (1300 ° C, reducing atmosphere);

The preparation process of glazed products: using low-temperature frit to glaze, 1150 ℃ low-temperature glazed firing, picking porcelain, and then obtaining glazed fired products after passing the inspection.

Example 4:

A kind of reinforced porcelain, the body of which includes the following components: 80% of talc (mass percentage, the same below), 7% of albite, 10% of kaolin, and 3% of clay.

The chemical composition of the green body is: SiO ₂ 65.79%, Al ₂ O ₃ 5.76%, CaO 0.99%, MgO 26.37%, K ₂ O 0.07%, Na ₂ O 0.65%.

The chemical composition of albite in the green body is: SiO ₂ 71.60%, Al ₂ O ₃ 16.15%, CaO 0.26%, MgO 0.12%, K ₂ O 1.20%, Na ₂ O 10.34%, loss on ignition 0.33%

In the microstructure of the porcelain body, the crystal phase components are: original enstatite (MgO·SiO ₂ ) 95.00%, quartz 5.00%.

Its production process is as follows:

The preparation process of the bisque porcelain body: talc, albite, clay, and kaolin are separately finely ground by wet ball milling, and each raw material reaches the stated particle composition [the cumulative percentage of particles not greater than 10um (micrometer) accounts for more than 90%] Finally, mix according to the mass percentage ratio required by the blank composition, sieve, remove iron, filter mud, rough mud, stale, refined mud, green body molding, high temperature bisque firing (1330 ° C, reducing atmosphere);

The preparation process of glazed products: using low-temperature frit to glaze, 1150 ℃ low-temperature glazed firing, picking porcelain, and then obtaining glazed fired products after passing the inspection.

Example 5:

A strengthened porcelain, the green body of which includes the following components: 75% talc (mass percentage, the same below), 10% albite, 10% kaolin, 5% clay, plus 2% dolomite.

The chemical composition of albite in the green body is: SiO ₂ 72.45%, Al ₂ O ₃ 16.24%, CaO 0.35%, MgO 0.15%, K ₂ O 0.90%, Na ₂ O 9.45%, loss on ignition 0.46%

Its production process is as follows:

The preparation process of the bisque porcelain body: talc, albite, clay, kaolin, and dolomite are separately finely ground by wet ball milling, and each raw material reaches the stated particle composition [the cumulative percentage of particles not greater than 10um (micrometer) accounts for 90% % or more], mix according to the mass percentage ratio required by the blank composition, sieve, remove iron, filter mud, rough mud, stale, refined mud, green body molding, high temperature bisque firing (1280 ° C, reducing atmosphere);

The preparation process of glazed products: using low-temperature frit to glaze, 1150 ℃ low-temperature glazed firing, picking porcelain, and then obtaining glazed fired products after passing the inspection.

Embodiment 6:

A strengthened porcelain, the green body of which includes the following components: 75% talc (mass percentage, the same below), 10% albite, 10% kaolin, 5% clay, plus 2% barium carbonate.

The chemical composition of albite in the green body is: SiO ₂ 72.45%, Al ₂ O ₃ 16.24%, CaO 0.35%, MgO 0.15%, K ₂ O 0.90%, Na ₂ O 9.45%, loss on ignition 0.46%

Its production process is as follows:

The preparation process of the bisque porcelain body: talc, albite, clay, kaolin, and barium carbonate are separately finely ground by wet ball milling, and each raw material reaches the stated particle composition [the cumulative percentage of particles not greater than 10um (micrometer) accounts for 90% % or more], mix according to the mass percentage ratio required by the blank composition, sieve, remove iron, filter mud, rough mud, stale, refined mud, green body molding, high-temperature bisque firing (1300 ° C, reducing atmosphere);

The preparation process of glazed products: using low-temperature frit to glaze, 1150 ℃ low-temperature glazed firing, picking porcelain, and then obtaining glazed fired products after passing the inspection.

Embodiment 7:

A strengthened porcelain, the green body of which includes the following components: 75% talc (mass percentage, the same below), 10% albite, 10% kaolin, 5% clay, plus 2% limestone.

The chemical composition of albite in the green body is: SiO ₂ 72.45%, Al ₂ O ₃ 16.24%, CaO 0.35%, MgO 0.15%, K ₂ O 0.90%, Na ₂ O 9.45%, loss on ignition 0.46%

Its production process is as follows:

The preparation process of the biscuit porcelain body: talc, albite, clay, kaolin, and limestone are separately finely ground by wet ball milling, and each raw material reaches the particle composition [the cumulative percentage of particles not greater than 10um (micrometer) accounts for 90% After the above], mix according to the mass percentage ratio required by the billet composition, sieve, remove iron, filter mud, rough mud, stale, refined mud, green body molding, high temperature bisque firing (1300 ° C, reducing atmosphere);

The preparation process of glazed products: using low-temperature frit to glaze, 1150 ℃ low-temperature glazed firing, picking porcelain, and then obtaining glazed fired products after passing the inspection.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of daily used reinforced ceramic, its base substrate comprise talcum, feldspar, the mineral constituent of clay class, it is characterized in that, described feldspar is an albite.

2, daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described base substrate comprises the component of following mass percent: and talcum 65.00-80.00% (, as follows), albite 5.00-20.00%, clay class mineral 5.00-20.00%.

3, daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described base substrate comprises the component of following mass percent: talcum 70.00-75.00%, albite 5.00-15.00%, clay class mineral 10.00-20.00%.

4, daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described base substrate comprises the chemical composition of following mass percent: SiO ₂60.00-75.00%, Al ₂O ₃5.00-10.00%, CaO0-1.50%, MgO 20.00-28.00%, K ₂O 0-0.50%, Na ₂O 0.50-2.50%.

5, daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described base substrate comprises the chemical composition of following mass percent: SiO ₂65.00-70.00%, Al ₂O ₃5.00-8.00%, CaO0-1.00%, MgO 21.00-25.00%, K ₂O 0.00-0.50%, Na ₂O 0.50-1.50%.

6, daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described porcelain body microstructure comprises the crystalline phase component of following mass percent: former enstatite (MgOSiO ₂) 95.00-100.00% and quartz (SiO ₂) 0-5.00%.

7, daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the chemical composition of the mass percent of described albite: K ₂O+Na ₂O content is not less than 8.50%, wherein K ₂O content is not more than 1.50%.

8, daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described base substrate is formed the additive that China and foreign countries are added with 0-5.00%, and this additive is the mixture of rhombspar, barium carbonate, Wingdale or one of them.

9, daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described blank accounts for the granulometric composition that is not more than 10um (micron) more than 90% by accumulative total percentage ratio.

10, the preparation method of daily used reinforced ceramic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in preparation process, adopts double-firing process, i.e. high temperature (1250-1350 ℃) biscuiting and low temperature (1100-1200 ℃) glaze firing process combined; In high temperature biscuiting process, adopt reducing atmosphere to burn till; Specifically may further comprise the steps:

The preparation technology of biscuiting porcelain body: with the independent fine grinding of wet ball mill method of raw materials such as talcum, albite, clay class mineral, additive, after every kind of raw material reaches described granulometric composition, mix, sieve according to the mass percent example of blank composition requirement, deironing, filter mud, thick pugging, old, concise mud, blank forming, the high temperature biscuiting is chosen porcelain, being up to the standards promptly gets the biscuiting porcelain body;

The preparation technology of glaze burned product: adopt the glazing of low temperature frit glaze, low temperature glaze firing is chosen porcelain, being up to the standards promptly gets the glaze burned product.