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CN1706175A - 电力线通信用数据耦合器的配置 - Google Patents

电力线通信用数据耦合器的配置 Download PDF

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CN1706175A
CN1706175A CNA2003801015023A CN200380101502A CN1706175A CN 1706175 A CN1706175 A CN 1706175A CN A2003801015023 A CNA2003801015023 A CN A2003801015023A CN 200380101502 A CN200380101502 A CN 200380101502A CN 1706175 A CN1706175 A CN 1706175A
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耶胡达·切恩
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Ambient Corp USA
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
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    • H04B3/542—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/02—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions for non-linear operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H7/0115—Frequency selective two-port networks comprising only inductors and capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H7/0138—Electrical filters or coupling circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/36—Repeater circuits
    • H04B3/38—Repeater circuits for signals in two different frequency ranges transmitted in opposite directions over the same transmission path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/56—Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/04—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems with alarm systems, e.g. fire, police or burglar alarm systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
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    • H01F17/06—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core with core substantially closed in itself, e.g. toroid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
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    • H01F2038/143—Inductive couplings for signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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    • H03H1/00—Constructional details of impedance networks whose electrical mode of operation is not specified or applicable to more than one type of network
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5408—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines using protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
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    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5425—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines improving S/N by matching impedance, noise reduction, gain control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5479—Systems for power line communications using repeaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5483—Systems for power line communications using coupling circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5491—Systems for power line communications using filtering and bypassing

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Abstract

一种用于在电力线(300)与通信装置(325)之间耦合数据的配置包括：感性耦合器(305)，其使用电力线导体作为初级绕组；电容器(310)，横跨所述感性耦合器(305)的次级绕组连接，用于与所述次级绕组一起按希望频带内的频率创建一谐振电路；以及阻抗匹配互感器(315)，用于将通信装置(325)连接至所述次级绕组。所述谐振电路具有与希望带宽一致的有负载Q值。另选配置包括：电容器(410)，在电力线与通信装置(435)之间与导电柱部分(505)和(510)串联，其中，所述电容器用于当在所述电力线与所述通信装置之间传递信号时阻挡电力线电压，并且所述导电柱部分(505)和(510)对所述信号表现为低电感。

Description

电力线通信用数据耦合器的配置
技术领域
本发明涉及电力线通信，更具体地，涉及电力线通信用数据耦合器的构造。
背景技术
电力线通信用数据耦合器在电力线与诸如调制解调器的通信装置之间耦合数据信号。数据耦合器呈现一截止频率。低于该截止频率时，电力线与通信装置之间的耦合衰减将过大。该数据耦合器可以是感性耦合器或容性耦合器。
电力线用感性耦合器理论上应该具有阻抗与通信装置的阻抗相比较大的磁化电感。由于磁化电感与信号并联，并以感应方式加载该信号，所以低磁化电感是不合要求的。
容性耦合器对于在电力线、尤其是低压线上使用可能有效。
图1是可用于将电力线调制解调器耦合至次级电力线的现有技术容性耦合器的示意图。标称为中性的电力线400连接到同轴连接器420的屏蔽端子。标称为赋能相线的电力线405通过熔断器415和电容器410连接到连接器420的中央导体触点。调制解调器435通过电缆430和连接器425连接到连接器420。容性耦合器由此在调制解调器435与电力线400及405之间耦合高频信号。
电容器410的值是几个纳法，在信号频率下大得具有可忽略的电抗，而在电力频率下又小得具有大电抗。
具有合适电介质的陶瓷电容器可用于这样的耦合器，并为处于MHz范围内的信号频率提供低阻抗。然而，将这样的电容器连接到电力线的导线可能相对较长，并且在信号频率下其具有的阻抗可能远超过电容器的阻抗。
例如，在低压网架(rack)配置中的线典型地间隔20厘米(cm)，一根具有该长度的10AWG线的电感是0.21微亨(μH)，或者在30兆赫兹(MHz)下具有约40欧姆。如果容性耦合器需要与非邻近的线连接，则阻抗可增加到80或120欧姆。由于典型的容性耦合器必须进行熔断接合(fused)，从而串联添加了熔断器阻抗，所以总串联感性阻抗与典型调制解调器的50欧姆的阻抗相比可能相当大。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于在电力线与通信装置之间耦合数据的组件的配置。该配置包括：感性耦合器，其使用电力线导体作为初级绕组；电容器，横跨感性耦合器的次级绕组连接，用于与次级绕组一起按希望频带内的频率创建一谐振电路；以及阻抗匹配互感器(transformer)，用于将通信装置连接至次级绕组。所述谐振电路具有与希望带宽一致的有负载Q值(品质因数)。
另一种配置包括在电力线与通信装置之间与导电柱串联的电容器，其中，电容器用于在电力线与通信装置之间传递信号时阻挡电力线电压，而导电柱对信号表现为低电感。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的容性耦合器的示意图。
图2是用于感性耦合器的阻抗匹配电路的示意图。
图3示出了具有使用低电感导线的容性耦合器的电路。
图4是图3所示电路的示意图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的低频感性耦合器在不依赖于增加重磁芯的情况下将截止频率下延至一更低的频率。感性耦合器被夹在电力线的赋能电力线导体的周围。假定穿过耦合器芯(core)的电力线导体用作感性耦合器的初级绕组。由于耦合器被夹在电力线导体的周围，并且由于电力线导体用作初级绕组，所以耦合器仅具有一个一匝的初级绕组。电力线导体的物理尺寸典型地要求芯大得包括长的磁路路径。可能需要用空气间隙来防止芯的饱和。这些因素都减小了耦合器的电感。
减小电路中的电抗性负载的经典方法是使激起(offending)电抗与反向电抗进行谐振。对于具有并联电感的感性耦合器，可以横跨感性耦合器的次级绕组来连接一并联电容器以抵消磁化电感。
对于宽带调制解调器，如使用扩展频谱的调制解调器，谐振可能太急剧(sharp)，因此只在很窄的子频带内有效。如这里所述，在耦合器与调制解调器之间连接一阻抗匹配互感器以调节通过耦合器电路反射的调制解调器的阻抗，来提供足够低的有负载Q值，从而将带宽增加得与调制解调器频带的宽度相近。
图2示出了阻抗匹配电路，调制解调器325通过该阻抗匹配电路连接至感性耦合器305。电力线300穿过感性耦合器305的芯。匝数比为n∶1的信号互感器315改善了感性耦合器305与调制解调器325之间的阻抗匹配。感性耦合器305和信号互感器315的组合可以提供非常宽的带通，但是该组合的低频响应限于由感性耦合器305的磁化电感和从调制解调器325反射的阻抗330所确定的低频响应。
电容器310与磁化电感谐振并提供一个谐振频率附近的频带，在该频带中磁化电感的加载效应(loading effect)减弱，跨过感性耦合器305的信号衰减也降低了。电容器310的作用是降低感性耦合器305的截止频率，使感性耦合器305可以在给定磁化电感水平的情况下按比其它可能频率还要低的频率进行操作。
从而，提供了一种用于给通信装置配置感性耦合器的方法。该方法包括：横跨感性耦合器的次级绕组来连接电容器，以与次级绕组一起按希望频带内的频率创建谐振电路；以及通过阻抗匹配互感器将通信装置连接至次级绕组。谐振电路具有一与希望带宽一致的有负载Q值。
图3是容性耦合器500的物理实现的例示。电力线400和405、电容器410、熔断器415以及连接器420与图1中保持相同的标识。同样如图1所示，调制解调器435通过电缆430和连接器425连接至连接器420。导电柱部分505和510每个的直径在1-3cm的范围内，该直径比线的直径大许多倍，从而以可忽略的电感提供了到电力线405和410的连接。导电柱部分505和510以及绝缘柱段515形成一可以具有共同轴线的机械刚体。
电力线400(即，中线)通常是裸露的，否则，需要除去其几厘米的绝缘材料。容性耦合器500的一端电连接至电力线400并由电力线400物理支承。带有槽口(slot)560的汇流条(bar)550和蝶形螺母565提供了用于将部分505紧固至电力线400的机构。
容性耦合器500的另一端由线520和夹具525电连接至电力线405。线520被焊接或钎接(brazed)至导电柱部分510，并且具有足够的硬度和强度，以在由汇流条550、槽口560和蝶型螺母565的组合或线400提供的上部支承失效的情况下，将容性耦合器500支承在电力线405上。夹具525是一种公共架线工(utility linemen)通常都有的标准夹具。
图4是图3所示配置的示意图。电缆430、连接器425和420、电容器410、熔断器415、以及导体505和510提供了调制解调器435与电力线400及405之间的信号路径。由于导电柱部分505和510的直径相对较大，所以它们呈现出的电感与调制解调器435和电容器410的阻抗相比可以忽略，从而减少了耦合损耗。
因此，这里提供了一种用于在电力线与通信装置之间耦合数据的方法。该方法包括：在电力线与通信装置之间与导电柱相串联地安装一电容器。该电容器用于当在电力线与通信装置之间传递信号时阻挡电力线电压，并且导电柱对信号表现为低电感。另外，该方法可以包括：与电容器相串联地安装一高切断电流(interruption current)熔断器。
应该理解，本领域技术人员可以对这里描述的教导做出各种另选例、组合例和修改例。因而，本发明将覆盖落入所附权利要求的范围内的所有这种另选例、修改例和变型例。

Claims (6)

1、一种用于配置电力线通信用组件的方法，包括以下步骤：
安装感性耦合器，该感性耦合器将电力线导体用作初级绕组；
横跨所述感性耦合器的次级绕组来连接一电容器，以与所述次级绕组一起按希望频带内的频率创建一谐振电路；以及
通过阻抗匹配互感器将通信装置连接到所述次级绕组，
其中，所述谐振电路具有与所述希望带宽一致的有负载Q值。
2、一种用于在电力线与通信装置之间耦合数据的方法，包括以下步骤：
在所述电力线与所述通信装置之间与导电柱相串联地安装一电容器，
其中，所述电容器用于当在所述电力线与所述通信装置之间传递信号时阻挡电力线电压，并且
其中，所述导电柱对所述信号表现为低电感。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法，还包括：与所述电容器相串联地安装一高切断电流熔断器。
4、一种用于在电力线与通信装置之间耦合数据的组件的配置，包括：
感性耦合器，其使用电力线导体作为初级绕组；
电容器，横跨所述感性耦合器的次级绕组连接，用于与所述次级绕组一起按希望频带内的频率创建一谐振电路；以及
阻抗匹配互感器，用于将通信装置连接至所述次级绕组，
其中，所述谐振电路具有与希望带宽一致的有负载Q值。
5、一种用于在电力线与通信装置之间耦合数据的组件的配置，包括：
电容器，在所述电力线与所述通信装置之间与导电柱串联，
其中，所述电容器用于当在所述电力线与所述通信装置之间传递信号时阻挡电力线电压，并且
其中，所述导电柱对所述信号表现为低电感。
6、如权利要求5所述的配置，还包括与所述电容器串联的高切断电流熔断器。
CNA2003801015023A 2002-10-17 2003-10-17 电力线通信用数据耦合器的配置 Pending CN1706175A (zh)

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US60/419,174 2002-10-17

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CNA2003801015019A Pending CN1706099A (zh) 2002-10-17 2003-10-17 对用于通信的电力线进行分段的滤波器
CNA2003801015023A Pending CN1706175A (zh) 2002-10-17 2003-10-17 电力线通信用数据耦合器的配置
CNB2003801016100A Expired - Fee Related CN100530457C (zh) 2002-10-17 2003-10-17 高度绝缘的电感数据耦合器

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