CN1685105A - 包括亲水无纺织物的吸收制品 - Google Patents
包括亲水无纺织物的吸收制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1685105A CN1685105A CNA038234378A CN03823437A CN1685105A CN 1685105 A CN1685105 A CN 1685105A CN A038234378 A CNA038234378 A CN A038234378A CN 03823437 A CN03823437 A CN 03823437A CN 1685105 A CN1685105 A CN 1685105A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括无纺织物的吸收制品,无纺织物通过以化学方法键合到无纺织物表面上的聚合物被制成具有亲水性质。此外,本发明涉及用于制备可制成无纺织物的亲水纤维的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及包括无纺织物的吸收制品,所述吸收制品通过以化学方法键合到无纺织物表面上的聚合物而被制成具有亲水性质。
此外,本发明涉及用于制备可制成无纺织物的亲水纤维的方法。
发明背景
诸如尿布和成人失禁用品之类的一次性吸收制品已为本领域所熟知。这样的吸收制品收集和保留穿着者沉积在其上的尿液和粪便。
在吸收制品中通常采用由合成纤维制成的无纺织物,例如作为顶片材料或作为芯部包裹物来封装吸收芯的存储层。这样的无纺织物通常是疏水的。然而,对于在卫生制品中的很多应用场合,其必须具有亲水无纺材料。因此,无纺织物不得不进行相应的处理。
使无纺织物亲水的常用方法是用亲水表面活性剂涂敷无纺材料的表面。由于这种涂敷不会导致无纺材料和表面活性剂之间的致密化学键合,在使用期间吸收制品被润湿后,表面活性剂可能被冲刷掉。当无纺材料涂敷有表面活性剂时,液体穿透时间的减少是一种期望的效果。液体穿透指的是液体通过无纺织物,其中液体穿透时间指的是一定量的液体透过无纺材料所花费的时间。然而,因为当已涂敷的无纺织物暴露于液体中时表面活性剂被冲刷掉,在下一次涌出过程中穿透时间再次增加。这导致在使用包括那些无纺织物的尿布期间其性能的下降。此外,在液体穿透时间降低的同时,由于使用了表面活性剂,与无纺织物相接触的液体的表面张力下降了。这种降低是不可取的,因为它会使尿布中的尿液渗漏增加。在另一方面,导致穿透时间降低的任何表面活性剂也降低冲掉的表面张力。
名称为“Method for hydrophilizing absorbent foam materials”的WO93/04113和名称为“Fluid acquisition and distribution member for absorbentcore”的WO95/25495中描述了典型表面活性剂的实施例。
使无纺织物亲水的另一种可能性是通过采用电晕和等离子处理。
等离子是电离态的气体,其可通过电离气体或液体介质获得。等离子被广泛用于有机和无机材料的处理来促进各种材料间的粘合。具有低表面能的化学惰性表面的聚合物不能够用粘合剂良好地涂敷和粘合。因此,这些表面被处理使它们能够与其它底物、涂层、粘合剂和印刷墨粘合。名称为“Steady-state glow-discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure”的美国专利6,118,218中描述了一种产生等离子的方法。
电晕放电是一种电现象,其发生于空气被暴露于高的足以引起电离的电压势中时,从而将其从电绝缘体改变为电导体。
然而,电晕和等离子处理导致在存储材料时涂层耐久性低,即亲水性随时间而下降。
名称为“Durably wettable,liquid pervious web”的WO 00/16913和名称为“Durably wettable,liquid pervious webs prepared using a remote plasmapolymerization process”的WO 00/16914公开了具有通过等离子聚合方法施用了亲水涂层的纤网。然而,该方法的缺点是,其商业应用受到限制,因为它很慢并且不能连续进行,但是其需要一种批量方法。
因此,存在着对亲水的无纺材料涂层的需求,其在存储时耐久、润湿时不易冲刷掉并能够在多次暴露于液体中时达到快速液体穿透,冲掉的表面张力不降低。
化学接枝亲水单体的方法已为本领域所知。例如,授予Raymond等人的名称为“Polymeric sheet and electrochemical device using the same”的美国专利5,830,604;授予Raymond等人的名称为“Polymeric sheet”的美国专利5,922,417和名称为“Non-woven fabric treatment”的WO 98/58108均提到生产用作诸如电池之类的电化学装置中的隔膜的方法。
名称为“Method of modifying polymeric material and use thereof”的EP 1164 157 A1公开了一种改性聚合材料的方法,其包括按活化处理和亲水聚合物处理这种顺序的步骤。该方法可任选地还包括在活化处理之前执行的溶剂处理和/或还包括在亲水聚合物处理之后执行的单体接枝。该方法的缺点是它很复杂并且步骤繁多。此外,用水溶性聚合物处理无纺材料导致在这样的无纺材料被暴露于水中时水的表面张力降低。
本发明的一个目的是提供吸收制品,其包括具有耐久的亲水涂层的无纺织物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供吸收制品,其包括具有不被冲刷掉的亲水涂层的无纺织物。
此外,本发明的一个目的是提供吸收制品,其包括甚至在几次涌出之后穿透时间仍然很低、且其同时在与含水液体接触后表面张力不会降低的无纺织物。
本发明的仍然另一个目的是提供用于制备适用于具有所期望性质的吸收制品的无纺织物的方法。
发明概述
本发明提供包括具有亲水涂层的无纺织物的吸收制品,亲水涂层在存储时耐久、当无纺织物被润湿时不会被冲刷掉而且同时提供提高的表面张力和增强的穿透性。
吸收制品包括一个基本上液体可透过的顶片,一个基本上液体不可透过的底片和一个在顶片和底片之间的吸收芯,其中吸收制品包括一种无纺织物,其特征在于:a)包括多根纤维,b)根据本文所述的试验方法,当用盐水溶液润湿时,表面张力为至少65mN/m,c)根据本文所述的试验方法,对于液体的第五次涌出,液体穿透时间少于5s以及d)包括包含化学接枝到所述无纺织物所包括的所述多种纤维的至少一部分表面上的亲水单体分子和至少部分自由基聚合引发剂分子的聚合物,其中自由基聚合引发剂分子的数量为单体分子重量的2%以下,更优选为1%以下。
此外,本发明涉及用于处理适于制备吸收制品的多根纤维的方法。
该方法包括以下步骤:a)提供多根纤维;b)提供一种包含亲水单体和自由基聚合物引发剂的含水溶液;c)将多根纤维接触该含水溶液和d)将所述多根纤维暴露于紫外线辐射下直至2s。
该方法导致多根纤维具有共聚合到纤维表面上的含水溶液中的亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂分子的至少片断。
在使用吸收制品之前,甚至长时间存储后,吸收制品所包括的多根纤维保持亲水。此外,亲水涂层在吸收制品使用期间不象很多现有技术的涂层那样被相当多地冲刷掉,这是由于亲水聚合物是被化学接枝到纤维上并且不是仅仅被松散地附连于表面上。因此,吸收制品所包括的多根纤维的亲水性非常耐用。
附图简述
虽然本说明书通过特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求作出结论,但应该相信由以下图例以及随附说明可更好地理解本发明,说明中同一组件以相同的参考序号表示。
图1为一次性尿布的顶部平面视图,其中上层被部分地切掉。
图2为图1所示的一次性尿布的剖面视图。
发明详述
定义
本文使用的下列术语具有下列含义:
“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳液体的装置,更具体地讲,是指与穿着者的身体紧贴或邻近放置、用于吸收和容纳各种由身体排放的渗出物的装置。吸收制品包括但不限于尿布、成人失禁紧身裤、训练裤、尿布固定器和衬垫、卫生巾以及类似的东西。
本文所用术语“一次性的”用来描述一般不打算被洗涤、恢复或重新使用的制品,即物品在使用一次后即丢弃,且优选用可重复利用、可堆肥或以与环境相容的方式进行处理。
“设置”是指一个元件在特定地点或位置与其它元件一起形成一体结构或者作为接合到另一个元件上的单独元件被成形(连接和定位)。
“尿布”是指通常由婴儿和失禁者绕下部躯干穿着的吸收用品。
“附着的”或“连接的”包括一些构型,利用这些构型将一个元件直接粘贴到另一个上,从而使该元件直接固定到另一元件上;还包括这样一些构型,利用这些构型将一个元件粘贴在(几个)中间件上,然后再把(这些)中间件粘贴到其它元件上,从而使该元件间接固定到另一元件上。
“包括”是一个无限制的术语,其指定其后所述例如一个组分的存在,但不排除本领域已知的或本文公开的其它零件、元件、步骤或组分。
术语“亲水的”是指纤维或纤维表面被沉积在这些纤维上的含水流体(例如,含水体液)所润湿。亲水性和润湿性典型地根据流体的接触角和穿透时间所限定,例如根据穿透无纺织物的时间。American Chemical Society出版、Robert F.Gould编著的名称为“Contact angle,wettability and adhesion”(版权1964)的书中对此进行了详细的讨论。当或是流体与纤维或其表面间的接触角小于90°时、或是流体倾向于自然散布横过纤维的表面时,可以说纤维或纤维表面被流体所润湿(即,亲水的),这两种条件通常共存。相反,如果接触角大于90℃且不能自然散布横过纤维表面,则纤维或纤维表面被认为是疏水的。
术语“纤维”和“长丝”可互换使用。
术语“无纺织物”和“无纺纤网”可互换使用。
术语“多根纤维”指的是纤维或长丝,也指的是无纺织物。
吸收制品
图1为作为依照本发明吸收制品的一个优选实施方案尿布20的平面视图。尿布以其平展未收缩状态(即,无弹性引起的紧缩)显示。部分结构被切掉以更清晰地显示尿布20下面的结构。尿布20接触穿着者的部分朝向观察者。图1中的尿布20的底座22包括尿布20的主体。底座22包括一个外遮盖物,其包括一个液体可透过的顶片24和/或一个液体不可透过的底片26。底座也可包括封在顶片24和底片26之间的吸收芯28的大部分或全部。底座优选还包括侧片30、腿箍32和腰件34。腿箍和腰件典型地包括弹性构件33。尿布20的一个端部被构型为尿布20的前腰区36。相对的端部被构型为尿布20的后腰区38。尿布20的中间部分被构型为裆区37,其在前腰区和后腰区36和38之间纵向延伸。裆区37为穿带尿布20时尿布20通常位于穿着者大腿之间的部分。腰区36和38可包括一个扣紧系统,其包括优选地连接于后腰区38的扣紧构件40和一个连接于前腰区36的着陆区42。尿布20具有一条纵向轴线100和一条横向轴线110。尿布20的周边由尿布20的外缘所限定,其中纵边44通常平行于尿布20的纵向轴线100延伸并且端边46通常平行于尿布20的横向轴线110延伸。
对于一体的吸收制品,底座22包括添加了其它部件形成复合的尿布结构的尿布的主要结构。虽然顶片24、底片26和吸收芯28可以多种熟知的构型组装,优选的尿布构型通常描述于1975年1月14日授予Kenneth B.Buell的名称为“Contractible Side Portions for Disposable Diaper”的美国专利、1996年10月29日授予Buell等人的名称为“DisposablePull-On Pant”的美国专利5,569,234;和1999年12月21日授予Robles等人的名称为“Absorbent Article With Multi-Directional Extensible SidePanels”的美国专利6,004,306中。
图1中的顶片24可以是全部或部分弹性化的或者可以缩短以在顶片24和吸收芯28之间提供空隙空间。示例性的结构包括下列文献中更详细描述的弹性化的或可缩短的顶片:1991年8月6日授予Allen等人的名称为“Disposable Absorbent Article Having Elastically ExtensibleTopsheet”的美国专利5,037,416;和1993年12月14日授予Freeland等人的名称为“Trisection Topsheets for Disposable Absorbent Articles andDisposable Absorbent Articles Having Such Trisection Topsheets”的美国专利5,269,775;
图1中的底片26通常是尿布20放置底片26和顶片24之间的吸收芯28的部分。底片26可与顶片24接合。底片26防止吸收芯28所吸收和包含在制品20内的渗出物弄脏可与尿布20接触的外部制品,例如床单和内衣。在优选的实施方案中,底片26基本不能透过液体(例如尿液)并且包括一张无纺层压材料和一张薄塑料薄膜,例如厚度为约0.012mm(0.5mil)至约0.051mm(2.0mil)的热塑性薄膜。合适的底片薄膜包括由位于Terre Haute,IN的Tredegar Industries Inc.制造的、以商品名X15306、X10962和X10964销售的那些产品。其它合适的底片材料可包括使蒸气能够从尿布20逸出、同时还可防止渗出物透过底片26的透气材料。示例性透气材料可包括诸如织网、无纺织网之类的材料、诸如膜包衣的无纺织网之类的复合材料和诸如日本的Mitsui Toatsu Co.制造的命名为ESPOIR NO和德克萨斯州Bay City的EXXON Chemical Co.制造的命名为EXXAIRE之类的微孔薄膜。合适的透气复合材料包括以名称HYTREL blend P18-3097购自俄亥俄州Cincinnati的Clopay Corporation的共混聚合物。
图1中的吸收芯28一般设置在顶片24和底片26之间。吸收芯28可包括通常可压缩的、适形的、对穿着者的皮肤无刺激性的和能够吸收和保留诸如尿液和其它某些身体排泄物之类的任何吸收材料。吸收芯28可包括多种液体吸收材料,这些材料通常用于一次性尿布和其它吸收制品,如粉碎的木浆,这种木浆一般是指透气毡。其它适用的吸收材料实施例包括绉纱纤维素填料;熔喷聚合物,包括共成型;化学硬化、改性或交联的纤维素纤维;薄纸,包括薄纸包装材料和薄纸层压材料、吸收泡沫、吸收海绵、超吸收聚合物、吸收胶凝材料、或其它任何已知的吸收材料或材料的组合。吸收芯还可包括少量(典型地少于10%)的非液体吸收材料,例如粘合剂、蜡、油以及类似材料。
用作吸收组件的示例性吸收结构描述于1989年5月30日授予Alemany等人的名称为“High Density Absorbent Members Having LowerDensity and Lower Basis Weight Acquisition Zones”的美国专利4,834,735和1997年7月22日授68r5予DesMarais等人的名称为“Absorbent FoamMaterials For Aqueous Fluids Made From high Intemal Phase Emulsions HavingVery High Water-To-Oil Ratios”的美国专利5,625,222中。
尿布20还可包括这些本领域已知的其它特征,包括前耳片和后耳片、腰部覆盖片、松紧带等,以提供较好的贴合性、容纳性和美观特性。这类其它特征是本领域熟知的并描述于1975年1月14授予Buell等人的名称为“Contractable side portions for disposable diaper”的美国专利3,860,003和1992年9月29日授予Buell等人的名称为“Absorbentarticle with dynamic elastic waist feature having a predisposed resilient flexuralhinge”的美国专利5,151,092中。
为了使尿布20保持在围绕穿着者的位置,腰区36和38可包括一个扣紧系统,其包括优选连接于后腰区38的扣紧构件40。在一个优选的实施方案中,扣紧系统还包括一个连接于前腰区36的着陆区42。扣紧构件连接于前腰区36、优选地连接于着陆区42上以形成腿部开口和一个制品腰部。
依照本发明的尿布20可装设一个可重复封闭的扣紧系统或者可以可供选择地被提供为紧身短裤类型的尿布。
扣紧系统及其任何部件可包括适于此类用途的任何材料,包括但不限于塑料、薄膜、泡沫、无纺纤网、纺织纤网、纸张、层压材料、纤维增强塑料以及类似材料或它们的组合物。构成扣紧装置的材料优选是柔韧材料。柔韧性用来使扣紧系统能够适形于身体形状,并因此降低扣紧系统刺激或损伤穿着者皮肤的可能性。
图2显示沿横向轴线110截取的图1的剖面视图。从朝向穿着者侧开始,尿布包括顶片24、吸收芯28的各部件和底片26。吸收芯优选包括一个采集系统50,其包括一个面朝穿着者的上采集层52和一个下采集层54。在一个优选的实施方案中,上采集层包括无纺织物,而下采集层优选包括化学硬化的合股和卷曲纤维、高表面积纤维和热塑性粘合纤维的混合物。在另一个优选的实施方案中,两个采集层由无纺材料来提供,其优选为亲水的。采集层优选地与存储层60直接接触。
存储层60优选用芯包裹材料进行缠绕。在一个优选的实施方案中,芯包裹材料包括一个顶层56和一个底层58。顶层56和底层58可由无纺材料提供。一种优选的材料为包括一个纺粘、一个熔喷和一个另一纺粘层的所谓的SMS材料。顶层56和底层58可由两个或多个分开的材料片来提供,或者它们可以可供选择地由一体的材料片来提供。这样一种一体的材料片可围绕着存储层60进行缠绕,例如,以C折叠形式。
存储层60典型地包括与超吸收、吸收胶凝材料混合的纤维材料。也可包括上述的适于用作吸收芯28的其它材料。
根据本发明,优选地,吸收材料的顶片24和/或上芯包裹层56和/或下芯包裹层58由下文详述的亲水无纺织物制成。而且,依照本发明的亲水无纺织物优选被用作吸收芯28中的采集材料52和/或54。
无纺织物
无纺织物为除了纸张和机织的、编织的、成簇的、缝编的整体的捆绑纱或长丝产品之外的定向或任意取向纤维的人造片、纤网或棉絮,无论是否另外缝过,通过摩擦和/或粘着和/或附着而粘结、或者通过湿磨法而粘结。
纤维的来源可为天然的或人造的。它们可为短纤维或长丝或者可被就地制备。
无纺织物可用诸如熔喷、纺粘、梳理之类的很多方法来制成。无纺织物的基重通常用克每平方米(g/m2)表示。
市售纤维的直径范围为从不到约0.001mm至约0.2mm以上,并且它们以几种不同的形式上市:短纤维(称为化学短纤维或短切纤维)、连续的单纤维(长丝或单丝)、未合股的长丝束(丝束)和合股的长丝束(纱)。纤维根据它们的来源、化学结构或二者结合进行分类。它们可被编织成绳和索、制成毡(也称为无纺材料或无纺织物)、机织或编织成纺织品,或者,在高强度纤维的情况下,用作复合材料(就是说,由两种或多种不同材料制成的产品)中的增强材料。
无纺织物可包括由自然产生的纤维(天然纤维)、由人制成的纤维(合成的或人造的)或它们的组合物。天然纤维的实施例包括但不限于:诸如羊毛、蚕丝、皮毛和毛发之类的动物纤维;诸如纤维素、棉花、亚麻、亚麻布和大麻之类的植物纤维;以及某些天然存在的矿物纤维。合成纤维可衍生自天然纤维或非天然纤维。衍生自天然纤维的合成纤维的实施例包括但不限于人造丝或溶剂法纤维素短纤维,这两种纤维均衍生自纤维素、一种天然多糖纤维。非衍生自天然纤维的合成纤维可衍生自其它天然来源或衍生自矿物来源。非衍生自天然来源的合成纤维实施例包括但不限于诸如淀粉之类的多糖。衍生自矿物来源的纤维实施例包括但不限于来源于石油的诸如聚丙烯、聚乙烯纤维和聚酯之类的聚烯烃纤维和诸如玻璃和石棉之类的硅酸盐纤维。
无纺织网可通过直接挤出法成形,在成形期间纤维和网恰好在约同一时间点成形;或者通过在纤维成形之后纤维可在明显滞后的时间点被铺进网中的预成形纤维法成形。直接挤出方法的实施例包括但不限于:纺粘法、熔喷法、溶液纺丝、静电纺纱,以及典型地形成多层的它们的组合。
本文所用术语“纺粘纤维”指的是小直径纤维,其通过从多个通常为圆形的精细管喷丝头挤出熔融的热塑性材料成为长丝。纺粘纤维被骤冷并且当它们被沉积到收集面上时通常不发粘。纺粘纤维通常为连续的。
本文使用的术语“熔喷纤维”指的是由以下方法形成的纤维,将熔融热塑性材料挤入多个通常为圆形的精细模制微细管成为熔融细丝或长丝进入到会聚的高速气(如空气)流中,高速空气流使熔融热塑性材料纤丝变细以减小纤维直径。其后,熔喷纤维由高速气流运载并沉积于收集表面之上,形成由随机散布的熔喷纤维构成的织网。
“铺网法”实施例包括但不限于湿法成网和干法成网。干法成网方法的实施例包括但不限于气流成网、梳理成网以及典型地形成多层的它们的组合。以上方法的组合生产出一般称为混合物或合成物的无纺材料。组合的实施例包括但不限于典型地呈层状的纺粘-熔喷-纺粘(SMS)、纺粘-梳理(SC)、纺粘-气流(SA)、熔喷-气流(MA),以及它们的组合。包括直接挤出在内的组合可与直接挤出方法在大致相同的时间点进行结合(例如,SA和MA的纺丝成型和共成型),或者在随后的时间点进行结合。在以上的实施例中,可通过每种方法产生一个或多个单层。例如,SMS可能意味着一个三层的“sms”网,一个五层的“ssmms”网,或者其任何合适的变化,其中小写字母表示单个层,大写字母表示类似的相邻各层的堆积。
无纺织网中的纤维典型地被接合到在某些重叠接合处的一个或多个相邻的纤维上。这包括在每一层内接合纤维和具有一层以上时在各层之间接合纤维。纤维可通过机械缠结、通过化学粘结或者通过它们的组合而接合。
在一个本发明的优选实施方案中,无纺织物由聚丙烯(PP)和/或聚乙烯(PE)制成。在另一个实施方案中,无纺织物由PP和PE组成的双组分纤维制成。
为用作芯包裹材料,无纺织物优选用纺粘和熔喷法的组合物(SMMS)制备并且基重优选地为0.06Pa(7g/m2)至0.29Pa(30g/m2)、更优选地为0.07Pa(8g/m2)至0.19Pa(20g/m2)并且甚至更优选地为0.07Pa(8gm2)至0.14Pa(15gm2)。
为用作存储层中的顶片材料,无纺织物优选地包括纺粘纤维。顶片的基重优选为0.09(10)至0.29Pa(30g/m2)、更优选为0.14Pa(15g/m2)至0.19Pa(20g/m2)。在另一个实施方案中,顶片包括一种梳理无纺织物,其中优选的基重为0.09Pa(10g/m2)至0.24Pa(25g/m2)、更优选为0.14Pa(15g/m2)至0.19Pa(20g/m2)。
为用作吸收芯中的采集材料,无纺材料优选地用梳理方法制备并且基重优选为0.19(20)至1.96Pa(200g/m2)、更优选为0.39(40)至0.98Pa(100g/m2)以及更优选为约0.58Pa(60g/m2)。所述材料通过树脂或空气热粘合方法被进一步粘合。
制备永久亲水无纺织物的方法
本发明的方法指的是多根纤维的处理。如果制成了无纺织物,则多根纤维尤其适于吸收制品。该方法很经济,因为它包括较廉价的化工产品。此外,该方法非常快。它可以以至少200米/分钟、更优选至少300米/分钟以及甚至更优选至少400米/分钟的线速度运行。
依照本发明,用于处理多根纤维的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤a)
提供多根纤维。纤维可为天然纤维(例如,羊毛、蚕丝、纤维素、棉花)、由象聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯或聚酰胺一样的树脂制成的人造纤维或合成纤维。纤维的直径范围典型地为不足约0.001mm至约0.2mm以上。
步骤b)
提供包括亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂的含水溶液。
优选地,含水溶液中的单体分子与引发剂分子的比率为至少50比1。更优选地为100比1、甚至更优选地该比率为至少500比1以及最优选地该比率为至少1000比1。
含水溶液包括一种能够完全聚合的亲水单体。优选地,根据通式R1R2C=CR3R4,其中R1和R2优选地为氢原子,单体包含至少一个不饱和的双键。更优选地,亲水单体包括一个可与酸或碱反应形成盐的基团。适用单体的实施例为丙烯酸及其衍生物(例如,甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸)、苯乙烯磺酸及其衍生物、乙酸乙烯酯、马来酸酐和乙烯基吡啶。在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,用丙烯酸或它的盐作为单体。
含水溶液还包括一种自由基聚合引发剂。优选地,引发剂能够在遇光活化时形成反应的自由基。适用自由基聚合引发剂的实施例为二苯酮及其衍生物、过氧化苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)。
优选地,含水溶液还包括一种试剂,其降低溶剂中亲水单体的均聚作用。此类试剂的实施例为铁II盐、铜II盐(例如,硫酸铁II)或它们的混合物。在含水溶液中应该存在比试剂分子多至少3倍、更优选地多至少5倍的引发剂分子。
可任选地,含水溶液还包括一种表面活性剂和/或一种有机溶剂以改善多根纤维被含水溶液的润湿性。然而,应该仅采用不妨碍聚合作用的那些表面活性剂。适用的有机溶剂的实施例为具有不同长度和不同分枝度烷基链的各种醇。
步骤c)
将多根纤维与包括亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂的含水溶液相接触。亲水单体能够经历自由基聚合过程。含水溶液还可包括一种降低亲水单体的均聚作用的试剂。此外,含水溶液还可包括表面活性剂和/或有机溶剂。
要实现含水溶液均匀施用在多根纤维上,轻触辊式涂敷或喷雾尤其适用。这两种方法已为本领域所熟知。
在轻触辊式涂敷过程中,含水溶液被保持在合适的池中。一个适于本方法的滚筒或任何其它装置用其表面的至少一部分接触溶液。因此,含水溶液被涂在滚筒的表面上。在滚筒表面已经涂有含水溶液时,多根纤维接触到滚筒。在本方法中,施用在多根纤维上的含水溶液量可很容易地进行控制,并且可能避免含水溶液浸湿多根纤维。
因此,接枝到纤维表面上的聚合物的添加含量可得到控制,这在多根纤维直接接触池中的含水溶液的方法中则很难。此外,该方法所必需的含水溶液量可降至最低。
可供选择地,相对于轻触辊式涂敷,含水溶液也可被喷射在多根纤维的表面上。象轻触辊式涂敷一样,喷射能够降低含水溶液的添加含量并容易控制,其在本发明中为优选的。
依照本发明的一种优选溶剂可透过紫外辐射,当暴露于辐射下时没有可损失的原子并且不会损害纤维的性质。适用溶剂的一个实施例为水。
步骤d)
在将多根纤维与含水溶液接触后,将多根纤维暴露于紫外辐射下。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,使用了一个放射UV-A(315-400nm)和/或UV-C(200-280nm)辐射的标准介质水银灯。适用的灯为例如购自德国Neurtingen的IST Metz GmbH。优选的灯的特点在于灯长度的能量输入为160W/cm至200W/cm。
进行反应所需的能量水平取决于特定单体的化学性质、所需的添加水平、纤维厚度、作业线速和无纺纤维和能量来源之间的距离。
在一个优选的实施方案中,多根纤维以距紫外辐射源不会熔化、燃烧或换句话讲损害纤维的最小的可能距离放置。
由于紫外辐射的高剂量和施用在多根纤维表面上的含水溶液量较低,将多根纤维暴露于紫外辐射下2s以内,更优选地1s以内以及甚至更优选地0.5s以内就足够了。
将多根纤维暴露于紫外辐射下的步骤优选地在惰性气氛下执行,以减少氧进入到反应介质中。
自由基聚合引发剂优选地能够在遇光活化时形成反应的自由基。所形成的自由基然后将与单体和/或多根纤维反应生成化学连接到多根纤维表面上的聚合物。在含水溶液中将也存在未键合到多根纤维上的某些聚合物。键合到多根纤维上的聚合物链可为直链或支链的,然而优选地为彼此不交联的。
由于本方法包括含水溶液中的自由基聚合引发剂的使用,在聚合过程期间,在化学移植到纤维表面上的聚合物链的至少一部分将存在这些自由基聚合引发剂分子的至少一个片断。引发剂分子因分子内部的共价键的均裂分解而碎裂产生自由基,其能够起动聚合反应。引发剂分子的碎裂通过紫外辐射而开始。聚合导致多根纤维具有共聚合到纤维表面上的含水溶液的亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂分子的至少片断。然而,因为在含水溶液中亲水单体数量远高于自由基聚合引发剂分子的数量,因此只有少量的自由基聚合引发剂分子将成为化学移植到纤维表面上的聚合物的一部分。
要理解的是,亲水聚合物不必覆盖纤维的整个表面。
未被化学接枝到纤维表面上的和/或未反应的亲水单体和/或自由基聚合引发剂分子的某些聚合物可能仍然存在于多根纤维的表面上,没有被化学键合。因此,在紫外辐射之后可任选地可进行多根纤维的冲洗以去除未被化学接枝到纤维表面上的那些分子。如果为本方法所提供的多根纤维不是无纺织物而是单根的纤维或长丝,则可将这些单根的纤维或长丝制成无纺织物。在这种情况下,冲洗步骤可在多根纤维被制成无纺织物之前或之后进行。
要获得尤其适用于吸收制品中的亲水纤维,在多根纤维上的添加含量为0.3%重量至10%重量为优选的。更优选地,添加含量为0.3%重量至5.0%重量以及甚至更优选地添加含量为0.3%重量至1.5%重量。本文所述术语“添加含量”指的是相对于纤维的重量而言化学接枝到纤维表面上的聚合物的重量。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,为本方法所提供的多根纤维不是无纺织物而是单根的纤维或长丝。在这个实施方案中,可用位于本方法任何点处的一个其它工序将单根的纤维或长丝制成无纺织物,例如在多根纤维与含水溶液接触之前或者在将多根纤维暴露于紫外辐射下之后。在下述情况下,也可执行可任选的冲洗步骤,用纤维制造无纺织物可在冲洗步骤之前或之后进行。将单根的纤维或长丝制成无纺织物的附加工序可包括至少第一多根纤维和第二多根纤维,其中第一多根纤维不同于所述第二多根纤维。例如这种差异可能是由于含水溶液中亲水单体不同或自由基聚合引发剂不同的缘故。该差别还可能是由于多根纤维对于紫外辐射的照射量不同(例如,照射时间不同)。在本发明的一个实施方案中,仅第一多根纤维被处理成具有包括化学接枝到纤维表面上的亲水单体分子和至少部分自由基聚合引发剂分子的聚合物。在这个实施方案中,由不同的多根纤维制成的无纺织物包括处理过的和未处理过的纤维。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,为本方法所提供的多根纤维为无纺织物。
依照本发明的吸收制品包括具有共聚合于无纺织物纤维表面上的亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂分子的最低限度的片断的无纺织物。在聚合物中,自由基聚合引发剂分子的数量为单体分子的最多2%重量、更优选最多1%重量。
根据通式R1R2C=CR3R4,其中R1和R2优选地为氢原子,权利要求1的吸收制品所包括的化学接枝到多根纤维至少一部分的表面上的亲水单体分子优选地包含至少一个不饱和双键。更优选地,单体包括一个可与酸或碱反映形成盐的基团。在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,亲水单体为丙烯酸或它的盐。适用聚合物的实施例为丙烯酸及其衍生物(例如,甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸)、苯乙烯磺酸及其衍生物、乙酸乙烯酯、马来酸酐和乙烯基吡啶。在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,用丙烯酸或其一种盐作为单体。
根据本发明,无纺织物可仅包括带有共聚于纤维表面上的亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂分子的纤维(处理过的纤维)。
在另一个实施方案中,无纺织物包括至少第一多根纤维和第二多根纤维,这两种纤维均已经根据上述方法进行了处理。第一多根纤维不同于第二多根纤维。这种差异可能是例如由于添加含量不同、亲水单体不同或自由基聚合引发剂不同的缘故。
在本发明的仍然另一个实施方案中,无纺织物可包括处理过的纤维和无化学键合到它们的表面上的聚合物的未处理过的纤维的混合物。优选地,处理过的纤维量为无纺织物中纤维总量的至少10%。更优选地,处理过的纤维量为纤维总量的至少25%、甚至更优选地为至少50%以及最优选地为至少70%。
由于此亲水涂层,无纺织物对多次涌出具有快速穿透性。因为该涂层被化学连接于纤维上,当无纺织物暴露于含水溶剂中时,只有很少被冲刷掉。因此,当无纺织物暴露于含水溶液中时,表面张力不会显著降低。穿透性和表面张力用下面详细描述的试验进行确定。从冲刷过处理过的无纺织物含水溶液的表面张力为至少65mN/m、更优选为至少68mN/m以及甚至更优选地为至少71mN/m。对于第五次液体涌出(其中每次涌出包括5ml的盐水溶液),处理过的无纺织物的液体穿透时间为小于5s。更优选地,对于第五次涌出,液体穿透时间为小于4.5s、甚至更优选为小于4.0s以及最优选为小于3.5s。因此,甚至在几次涌出后仍保持了液体穿透性,因为亲水涂层在使用期间未被冲刷掉很多。
包括依照本发明的无纺织物的吸收制品在存储时耐久性高。在存储为至少10周后、更优选为至少20周后,一次或多次涌出后的穿透时间降低将不超过10%、以及更优选为不超过5%。
本发明所引用的和转让给The Procter & Gamble Company的所有专利文件均引入本文以供参考。
试验方法
表面张力的确定
表面张力(单位:mN/m)根据下列试验进行确定。
仪器:
设备:德国Krüss GmbH或同类公司所提供的K10张力计。容器升高速度应该为4m米/分钟。当使用板或环时,应自动地感测液面高度。设备必须能够将样本位置自动地调节到正确的高度。试验的精度应为+/-0.1mN/m。
步骤:
1.将40mL的盐水(0.9wt%NaCl去离子水溶液)倒入一个干净的烧杯中。
2.用铂环或铂板测试表面张力。在20℃下,表面张力应为71至72mN/m。
3.用去离子水和异丙醇清洗烧杯并用煤气灶灼烧几秒。一直等到其达到室温。
4.将10片60×60mm的测试无纺材料放入清洗过的烧杯中。无纺材料的基重应为至少0.09Pa(10g/m2)。
5.添加40mL的盐水(0.9wt%NaCl去离子水溶液)。
6.用一根干净的非表面活性剂塑料棒搅拌10s。
7.无纺材料放在溶液中5分钟。
8.再次搅拌10s。
9.用一根干净的非表面活性剂塑料棒从溶剂中取出无纺材料。
10.放置溶液10分钟。
11.用铂板或铂环测试表面张力。
穿透性的确定
本试验基于Edana Method 150.3-96(1996年2月)液体穿透时间进行。与Edana Method相比,其主要修改为,下面描述的试验不仅测量第一次涌出而且也测量随后的涌出。
仪器
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装有电磁阀的漏斗:在3,5(±0.25)s内排放速率为25mL
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穿透板:制作25mm厚的丙烯酸玻璃。板的总重必须为500g。电极应为抗蚀材料。将电极嵌入在板的底部切削出的截面为(4.0mm×7.0mm)的凹槽中并用快干环氧树脂固定。
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基板:约125mm×125mm见方的丙烯酸玻璃。
量测到0.01s的电子定时器
Ahlstrm Grade 989或相当的芯滤纸(平均穿透时间1.7s+-0.3s,尺寸:10×10cm)
步骤
1.仔细地切割所需数量的12.5cm×12.5cm的样本,仅在样本的边缘接触样本。
2.取10片芯滤纸。
3.将一个样本放在基板上的10层滤纸组上。样本应该以用来朝向使用者皮肤的无纺材料侧(当用于吸收制品中时)在最上面这样一种方式被放置在滤纸上。
4.将穿透板放在顶部,其中板中心在试样中心的上方。
5.将滴定管和漏斗在板上居中。
6.确保电极被连接到定时器上。接通定时器并将时钟置为零。
7.用盐水溶液(0.9wt%NaCl去离子水溶液)填充滴定管。
8.保持漏斗的排出阀关闭并从滴定管滴入漏斗中5.0mL的液体(=-次涌出)。
8.打开漏斗的电磁阀排出5.0mL的液体。初始液体流将完成电路并启动定时器。它将在液体已经渗入垫料并降到穿透板上的电极水平之下时停止。
9.记录电子定时器上所显示的时间。
10.等待60s并返回到第6步进行第二次、第三次涌出和任何随后的涌出,其中每次涌出包括5ml的液体。
11.记录:按秒记录第一、第二和任何随后涌出的时间。
Claims (20)
1.一种吸收制品,所述吸收制品包括基本上液体可透过的顶片、基本上液体不可透过的底片、和介于所述顶片和所述底片之间的吸收芯,其中所述吸收制品包括无纺织物,所述吸收制品的特征在于,所述无纺织物
a)包括多根纤维,和
b)当用盐水溶液润湿时表面张力为至少65mN/m,和
c)对于第五次液体涌出,液体穿透时间小于5s,和
d)包括聚合物,所述聚合物包含化学接枝到所述无纺织物所包括的所述多根纤维的至少一部分表面上的亲水单体分子和至少部分自由基聚合引发剂分子,其中所述自由基聚合引发剂分子的数量为所述单体分子的最多2%重量,更优选最多1%重量。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述无纺织物包括至少第一多根纤维和第二多根纤维,其中所述第一多根纤维不同于所述第二多根纤维。
3.如权利要求2所述的吸收制品,其中仅所述第一多根纤维具有化学接枝到它们表面上的亲水聚合物。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述无纺织物在所述第一次和所述第五次涌出后的所述穿透时间在所述吸收制品存储至少10周后降低不超过5%。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述聚合的亲水单体包括包含至少一个不饱和双键的分子。
6.如权利要求5所述的吸收制品,其中所述聚合的亲水单体包括包含能够与酸或碱反应形成盐的基团。
7.如权利要求6所述的吸收制品,其中所述聚合的亲水单体包括丙烯酸或其盐。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述聚合物至少在所述第一多根纤维上添加0.3%重量至10%重量。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述聚合物以0.3%重量至10%重量百分数范围被添加到所述第一和所述第二多根纤维上。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述顶片包括所述无纺织物。
11.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯设置有芯包裹材料,所述芯包裹材料包括所述无纺织物。
12.一种用于处理适于制备吸收制品的多根纤维的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供多根纤维
b)提供包含亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂的含水溶液
c)将所述多根纤维与所述含水溶液接触
d)将所述多根纤维暴露于紫外辐射下最多2s。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述多根纤维为无纺织物。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述多根纤维为单根的长丝并且其中所述方法包括将所述多根纤维制成无纺织物的进一步的步骤。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述方法采用至少第一多根纤维和第二多根纤维,特征在于,第一多根纤维的化学性质不同于所述第二多根纤维。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述第二多根纤维没有依照权利要求11所述的方法进行处理。
17.如权利要求12至16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括降低单体的均聚作用的试剂,所述试剂被添加到所述含水溶液中。
18.如权利要求12至17中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括在所述多根纤维暴露于紫外辐射下之后的冲洗步骤。
19.一种用于制备吸收制品的方法,所述方法包括如权利要求12至18中任一项所述的方法。
20.一种吸收制品,所述吸收制品依照权利要求11至18中任一项所述的方法进行制备。
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EP02021943.2 | 2002-09-30 | ||
EP20020021943 EP1403419B1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2002-09-30 | Absorbent articles comprising hydrophilic nonwoven fabrics |
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EP (1) | EP1403419B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2006519316A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100354469C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE328150T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003277110A1 (zh) |
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RU200390U1 (ru) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-21 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Коттон Клаб" | Абсорбирующее санитарно-гигиеническое изделие разового использования |
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US20230390122A1 (en) | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles with corrugated elastomeric laminates and methods for making corrugated elastomeric laminates |
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-
2002
- 2002-09-30 EP EP20020021943 patent/EP1403419B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-30 DE DE2002611902 patent/DE60211902T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-30 AT AT02021943T patent/ATE328150T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-09-30 CN CNB038234378A patent/CN100354469C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-30 JP JP2004541898A patent/JP2006519316A/ja active Pending
- 2003-09-30 MX MXPA05002776A patent/MXPA05002776A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-30 US US10/674,670 patent/US7521587B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-30 WO PCT/US2003/030825 patent/WO2004031471A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-09-30 AU AU2003277110A patent/AU2003277110A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-03-12 US US12/402,561 patent/US7858157B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101478939B (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2013-01-30 | 宝洁公司 | 带有可用标记的一次性制品 |
CN108474157A (zh) * | 2015-05-06 | 2018-08-31 | 博爱德国有限公司 | 无纺织物及用于形成无纺织物的方法 |
CN110983753A (zh) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-10 | 江阴开源非织造布制品有限公司 | 一种抗菌亲水型无纺布改性剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
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US7858157B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
EP1403419A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
US20090176908A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
US7521587B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
EP1403419B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
ATE328150T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
DE60211902D1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
US20040097895A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
DE60211902T2 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
AU2003277110A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
JP2006519316A (ja) | 2006-08-24 |
WO2004031471A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
MXPA05002776A (es) | 2005-06-06 |
CN100354469C (zh) | 2007-12-12 |
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