CN1672504A - Mixed pig feed and its feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a premix feed for pigs and a feeding method for pigs. The premixed feed contains biological peptides and cysteamine. Among them, biological peptides include soybean protein peptides, which are beneficial to increase the growth and development speed of growing and finishing pigs; cysteamine is a growth hormone regulator, which can improve the quality of pork. The feed includes premixed feed, concentrated feed and complete compound feed. The effect of mixing biological peptides and cysteamine in a certain ratio is much greater than that of using soybean protein peptide or cysteamine alone. There is mutual promotion between them to increase the physiological effect. The feeding method is adopted every 3 to 15 days, or even longer intervals. The feed for pigs provided by the invention can promote the growth rate of growing and finishing pigs and improve the quality of pig carcasses. The feeding method provided by the invention can match the timing of feeding nutrients with the physiological activity of animals, and can greatly save feeding costs, making it possible to popularize and use expensive biological peptides and cysteamines in production.

Description

A kind of premix feed for pigs and feeding method for pigs

technical field

The invention relates to a premix feed for pigs.

The invention also relates to a feeding method for pigs.

Background technique

Pig farmers hope to achieve their commercial interest goals by adding certain substances to pig feed to promote the growth and development of pigs and continuously improve the quality of pork, which has formed a continuous pressure on the feed nutrition industry .

Some time ago, some businessmen used some prohibited substances harmful to human health, such as "lean meat essence", to promote the growth and development of pigs, which brought great harm to the health of consumers. After the state banned the use of any pig feed additives that are harmful to human health, the feed nutrition community focused on "what kind of nutrients and what kind of The combination of nutrients can maximize the growth rate of animals and improve the quality of pork." Naturally, these nutrients are absorbed by the animal. It has been proven that it will not cause indirect harm to human health.

Since the 1990s, the design of feed formula or guidance of animal husbandry production at home and abroad is generally based on the ideal protein model (IP) and the ideal protein digestible amino acid model (IP-DAAP). These nutritional models are derived from traditional animal nutrition. It is always believed in the theory that protein in the animal body undergoes protein-hydrolysis-free amino acids and oligopeptides-oligopeptides are hydrolyzed by peptidase-free amino acids and are finally absorbed, transformed or deposited by the body. It is believed that the protein in the feed must be hydrolyzed into free amino acids by digestive enzymes before it can be absorbed and utilized by animals. The animal's need for protein is the need for amino acids; As long as amino acids are kept in balance, amino acids can be effectively used by animal organisms. The nutritional value of protein conforms to the "barrel principle", that is, the content of the first limiting amino acid in it ultimately determines the biological value of the protein. The application of this theory greatly improves the growth performance of livestock and poultry and the utilization rate of protein, saves protein resources (the level of crude protein in compound feed can be reduced by 2-3%), and reduces the excretion of nitrogen in feces and urine at the same time, so that Livestock production has produced huge economic and ecological benefits.

However, a large number of studies in recent years have shown that dietary protein from different sources, although the amino acid composition is the same, but there are significant differences in utilization. At the same time, animals' utilization of various amino acids in the feed is not completely affected by the level of a single limiting amino acid, that is, the "barrel principle" is not fully followed; Therefore, the traditional theory of protein metabolism—the idea that animal protein nutrition is amino acid nutrition is challenged, and a new pathway of protein metabolism independent of amino acid transport ——The new pathway of nutritional metabolism of small peptides is receiving widespread attention.

Since the small peptides were observed separately in the intestinal tract of animals, there are indeed large amounts of small peptides in the circulating blood. There is evidence that the absorption of peptides can affect the synthesis and degradation of proteins, and have effects on animal production and development and the body's immunity. The view that peptides can be completely absorbed by animals and independent of amino acid transport carriers has begun to be valued by people. It is recognized that the way animals absorb, transform or deposit proteins can be absorbed by animals in addition to the way that proteins are hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes into free amino acids. There is also the way of using protein to be hydrolyzed into oligopeptides, and oligopeptides are further decomposed into free amino acids and small peptides to be absorbed, and the transport and absorption of small peptides are completely different from the transport and absorption of free amino acids. The absorption ratio of animals to small peptides The absorption of free amino acids is more complete. The nutrition community has generally recognized that the traditional ideal protein model or ideal protein digestible amino acid model cannot fully represent the protein nutrition of animals, and the feed produced by designing formulas based on this theory does not always enable animals to achieve optimal production performance ; and if the amino acid is absorbed in the form of small peptides, it will be transferred to the intestinal cells faster than free amino acids, and the dependence on energy is also lower. At the same time, it has the characteristics that the carrier is not easy to saturate; , the deposition of body protein is higher than the corresponding amino acid diet or complete protein diet. Therefore, the protein nutrition of animals should not only be the balance of amino acids, but should also include the balance of small peptide nutrition. As a result, the traditional theory of amino acid nutrition has been challenged, and the research on small peptide nutrition and small peptide products has also become a hot spot in animal nutrition research in recent years.

Cysteamine (CS), also known as β-mercaptoethylamine, has a molecular formula of H ₂ N-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -SH. Cysteamine is equivalent to the decarboxylation product of cysteine, a component of coenzyme A molecule, and a biologically active substance in animals. In recent years, cysteamine has attracted the attention of many countries and research institutions as a new type of additive for regulating the nutritional function of animal organisms. It has applied for a patent in the United States and has been applied in livestock and poultry production.

The growth-promoting effect of cysteamine is mainly achieved by depleting somatostatin (Somatostain, SS) in animals. Somatostatin is a regulatory peptide widely present in various tissues of animals, especially in the nervous system and The concentration in the digestive tract is relatively high, and there are peptide forms such as 14, 25 and 28 amino acid residues, and the 14 peptide (SS-14) is the main one.

In animals, somatostatin inhibits the production and release of growth hormone (GH), and inhibits the secretion of various growth-promoting hormones, such as insulin, glucagon and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Studies have shown that cysteamine has a specific depletion effect on the immune activity of somatostatin in various tissues in vitro and in vivo, and oral administration of cysteamine can lead to GH, IGF-I, thyroxine, and vasopressin in vivo. , enkephalin, insulin, gastrin and other increased secretion. It is a better physiological regulator for regulating animal growth through neuroendocrine pathway. According to reports, when cysteamine is added to animal feed, the daily gain of pigs can be increased by 2.8% to 11.8%, and the cost of feed to meat can be reduced by 2.1% to 8.1%. At the same time, it can also affect the fat metabolism of pigs and affect the distribution of fat in the body. Improve pig size and pork quality.

The growth and development process of pigs is a balanced and coordinated process under the control of their genetic genes and the regulation of the neuro-endocrine system in the body. This kind of coordination is fixed by animals with their unique gene combination or other unknown forms after long-term adaptation to a specific environment and evolution for tens of millions of years. One of the main manifestations of this freeze-frame is the specific rhythm of endocrine or the rhythm of secretion of other physiological regulatory factors to control the growth and development of pigs.

Therefore, feed additives that affect the physiological regulation of animal growth by affecting neuroendocrine pathways should consider the inherent life rhythm of living organisms.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a premixed feed for pigs, the feed containing the premixed feed can promote the growth rate of growing and finishing pigs and improve the quality of pig carcasses.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new feeding method for pigs, which can match the timing of feeding the nutrient substance containing the premix with the physiological activity of the animal, and can greatly save the premix. The cost of adding special nutrients in the feed.

The invention provides a feed for pigs, which contains biological peptide and cysteamine. Name it "Rhythm Source". Among them, biological peptides include soybean protein peptides, which are beneficial to increase the growth and development speed of growing and finishing pigs; cysteamine is a physiological regulator that regulates animal growth, and can also improve the quality of pork.

The feeding objects of the feed are growing and finishing pigs.

The present invention mixes two substances of different nutritional pathways—biological peptide and cysteamine in a certain ratio, and its effect is far greater than that of the two alone.

The feed described in the present invention can be prepared according to conventional methods in the art.

Further, the feed of the present invention includes premixed feed, concentrated feed and complete compound feed.

The feedstuff mentioned in the present invention refers to the material that can be generally eaten by animals and can provide some kind of nutrition to animals.

The premixed material of the present invention is the abbreviation of additive premixed feed, and it is the abbreviation of one or more microcomponents (comprising various trace mineral elements, various vitamins, synthetic amino acids, certain drugs and other additives) and diluent Or the carrier is formulated according to the requirements, and the intermediate type compound feed product is made after uniform mixing. Premix is an important component of complete compound feed.

The concentrated feed of the present invention refers to the remaining part of the full-price feed except the energy feed, which is called balanced compound feed abroad, and also called protein-vitamin supplement feed. It mainly includes protein feed, constant mineral feed and additive premixed feed.

The full-price compound feed of the present invention (abbreviated as full-price feed) is also called full-ration compound feed. It can be directly used to feed the feeding objects, and can fully meet the nutritional needs of the feeding objects, mainly including nutrients such as energy feed, protein feed and minerals.

Preferably, the feed for pigs may further contain vitamins, amino acids and trace elements.

Preferably, the biological peptide is soybean protein peptide.

Add at least 1 kg of the premixed material per ton of full-price material.

And the ingredients contained in each ton of the final full-price ration are guaranteed as follows:

                                 

                        

                                                                                               

                                                                 

                                                                          

Phenylalanine 20g

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            back 

1 kg of "Rhythm Source" contains:

                Cu: 2600-7500mg                                                 

                                                                                            

          Basic Mn≥1000mg             Basic Mn≥1000mg              Basic Mn≥1000mg                    

Zn≥2100mg VB2≥95mg

Se: 3.5mg VB12≥300mg

In actual production, the above-mentioned premix can also be diluted to a premix with a usage amount of 0.1%-5.0%. That is to say, according to actual needs, 1 kg to 50 kg of the premix described in the present invention can be added per ton of the full-price ration. And make the various nutritional ingredients of the basic nutrition of the complete feed ration meet the standards of the country and the enterprise.

The experiment that the present invention carries out shows:

1. When biological peptides are added to the feed, it can increase the daily gain of growing and finishing pigs and reduce the feed-to-weight ratio.

2. When cysteamine is added to the feed, it can promote the growth and development rate of growing and finishing pigs, increase the carcass lean meat rate, and reduce the fat ratio.

3. The effect of mixing biological peptide and cysteamine in a certain ratio is far greater than that of using soybean protein peptide or cysteamine alone. There may be mutual promotion between them to increase the physiological effect.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a feeding method for pigs, wherein the feeding method is fed with a feed containing biological peptides and cysteamine.

Further, the feeding method adopts a method of feeding once every 3-15 days, or even longer intervals, that is, "target feeding method", and the feed used contains biological peptides and cysteamine. For example, it may be fed every 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 or 15 days.

Further, feed once every 7 days. Specifically, the premix can be made into a full price feed before feeding.

The experimental results of the present invention show that, in addition to satisfying the basic nutritional needs of animals for growth and development by "feeding every day", the feeding of some nutritional factors related to special physiological activities in animals not only does not require "feeding every day", but also can According to our laws of animal physiological activities, according to different stages of animal growth and development, according to different nutritional combinations, feeding every 3 days, 5 days, 8 days, 10 days or 15 days, or even longer intervals , not only can improve the physiological effects of nutritional factors, but also reduce the feeding cost of these expensive physiological regulators by 3, 5, 8... times. We call this feeding method "target feeding".

The feeding method can not only match the timing of feeding nutrients with the laws of physiological activities in animals, but also can greatly save feeding costs, making it possible to popularize and use expensive biological peptides and cysteamines in production.

The materials used in the present invention all meet the national feed safety standards.

In order to better understand the essence of the present invention, the following describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail but does not limit the present invention.

Detailed ways

The test materials used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available products.

Experiments to prove the nutrition of biological peptides

[Example 1] Contrast test of pigs feeding biological polypeptide and other protein daily amounts

The experimental group was fed with soybean protein peptides (provided by Wuxi Zhengda Livestock and Poultry Co., Ltd., a biologically active short peptide consisting of 6 to 8 amino acids extracted from cracked soybean protein using modern biological mold engineering technology);

The control group was fed with ordinary protein feed (without biological polypeptide).

The test results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the results that the average daily gain of pigs in the test group increased by 14.76%, and the feed-to-weight ratio decreased by 7.1%.

Table 1 Contrastive test of daily amount of "small peptide" and other proteins fed to pigs project control group test group Number of test heads 12 12 Average daily gain (g) 790.90 907.67 material to weight ratio 2.80 2.60

Experiments Demonstrating Physiological Regulation of Cysteamine (CS)

[Example 2] Effect of cysteamine on carcass traits of growing and finishing pigs

In this experiment, coated cysteamine (CS) was used as a feed additive to observe the effects of intermittent addition and continuous addition on growth and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.

Test method: Select 288 Du×Da×Chang three-way cross-breed pigs weighing about 35kg, divide them into 3 groups according to body weight and gender, and each group has 3 replicates, with 32 pigs per replicate. Feed the corresponding basal diet (Table 1); test group I: add intermittently, once every 6 days; test group II, continue to add.

The effects of different addition methods of CS on slaughter percentage, carcass lean meat percentage, fat percentage, eye muscle area and backfat thickness of the 10th rib are shown in Table 2. It can be known from the results that different addition methods of cysteamine can increase carcass lean meat percentage and reduce fat ratio; there is no significant difference between intermittent addition and continuous addition of cysteamine.

Table 2 Effect of cysteamine on carcass traits of growing and finishing pigs Control group (%) Test Group I (%) Test Group II (%) slaughter rate 72.0±1.2 73.3±2.6 73.7±1.7 Lean percentage 56.86±1.97 59.84±1.28 59.49±2.03 fat rate 22.16±1.55 20.05±1.53 20.27±1.26 Eye muscle area (cm ² ) 35.24±4.02 36.34±6.33 38.42±2.07 Back fat thickness (cm) 2.36±0.20 2.16±0.14 2.12±0.22

Preparation of premixes containing biopeptides and cysteamine

[Example 3]

I. Formula:

                                 

Biological peptide (≥ 30 %) 500g

                                                                                                                                             

Composite vitamin (≥40 %) 100g

                                                                                                       

Phenylalanine (≥98%) 20g

Composite trace element 130g

          Among them: (Contains per kilogram of "Rhythm Source" jin)

                                                                                    

                                                                                           

Mn≥1000mg VB1≥30mg

Zn≥2100mg VB2≥95mg

Se: 4mg VB12≥0.3mg

II. Preparation method: prepared according to conventional techniques in the art.

Prove that biological peptides and cysteamine have a synergistic effect

[Example 4] Effects of mixed use of biological peptides and cysteamine on carcass traits of growing and finishing pigs

Test group: Mix soybean protein peptide and cysteamine at a weight ratio of 2.5:1, and use it once every 7 days; Control group: During the non-test period, the pigs in the control group and the test group were fed ad libitum and fed basal diet . During the test period, the pigs in the test group were fed with the test feed, 3.01g per head per day (the pig farms can also implement ad libitum feeding); the pigs in the control group were still fed with the basal diet and ad libitum.

               Recommended Diet

                                

                                                                                                            62.0 62.0

Soybean Meal 22.0 22.0

Bran 12.0 12.0

                                                                           

                                                                                                        &&#; &                        && && &&&&& 4.0

Total 100.0 100.0

The results are shown in Table 3.

It can be seen from the results that the average mouth weight gain of the test group pigs was 15.3% higher than that of the control group pigs, and the feed-to-meat ratio was also 3.7% higher than that of the control group pigs. Similar results were obtained in more than 10 subsequent experiments; the average daily weight gain All of them have increased by 5-15%. Moreover, the pigs are in good shape, with bright fur and obvious abdominal tightening effect. After slaughtering, the meat color is uniform and the meat is tender. The results show that the effect of mixing soybean protein peptide and cysteamine in a certain ratio is much greater than that of using soybean protein peptide or cysteamine alone.

Table 3 Effects of mixed use of soybean protein peptide and cysteamine on carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs project control group test group Test days 29 29 Number of test heads 56 54 Initial average weight (kg) 72.0 71.7 Final average body weight (kg) 90.4 92.9 Individual average feed consumption (kg) 2.23 2.47 Average daily weight gain (g/day·head) 634.0 731.0 Feed to meat ratio 3.51:1 3.38:1

The above description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention does not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or deformations according to the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, all should belong to the scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A premixed feed for pigs, characterized in that the premixed feed contains biological peptides and cysteamine. 2. The premix feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed contains vitamins, amino acids and trace elements. 3. The premix feed according to claim 1, wherein the biological peptide is soybean protein peptide. 4. A feeding method for pigs, characterized in that the pigs are fed with feed containing biological peptides and cysteamine. 5. The feeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that, the feeding method adopts the method of feeding once every 3-15 days. 6. The feeding method according to claim 5, characterized in that feeding is performed every 7 days.