CN1553951A - 人脐带血衍生的非限制性体干细胞(ussc) - Google Patents
人脐带血衍生的非限制性体干细胞(ussc) Download PDFInfo
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- CN1553951A CN1553951A CNA018217028A CN01821702A CN1553951A CN 1553951 A CN1553951 A CN 1553951A CN A018217028 A CNA018217028 A CN A018217028A CN 01821702 A CN01821702 A CN 01821702A CN 1553951 A CN1553951 A CN 1553951A
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Abstract
本文披露了人脐带和胎盘血液中的一种包括非限制性体干细胞的组分,它能够在体外大量扩增,以便作为再生性药物用于医学目的。披露了所述来自脐带血的干细胞的启动和维持,以及来自体内的扩增方法。另外,业已证实,采用各种分化诱导方法可以由所述细胞培养并扩增造血细胞和内皮细胞的不同谱系的祖细胞,以及肌肉骨骼的间充质祖细胞,软骨和脂肪以及神经祖细胞,以便用于再生性药物中。
Description
本发明涉及体干细胞,多种干细胞,包括本发明干细胞的药品,和纯化、分离本发明干细胞的方法,以及本发明干细胞的独特的分化潜力。
尽管干细胞是永久性自我更新的,这种细胞通常是缓慢循环的。一般认为这种细胞能产生瞬时扩增的细胞群体,该群体具有有限的自我更新能力,以便增加分化细胞的数量。迄今为止,所面临的挑战一直是在成年人体内对干细胞进行定位,因此,在现有文献中业已使用了多种替代标记(例如,造血细胞系的集落形成测定)。
有多份美国专利涉及间充质干细胞(MSC),这种干细胞能分化成若干种祖细胞,例如肌肉祖细胞、结缔组织祖细胞或卵形细胞,所述美国专利如下:US 5,486,359;5,591,625;5,736,396;5,811,094;5,827,740;5,837,539;5,908,782;5,908,784;5,942,225;5,965,436;6,010,696;6,022,540;6,087,113;5,858,390;5,804,446;5,846,796;5,654,186;6,054,121;5,827,735;5,906,934。肌肉祖细胞进一步分化成心肌、骨骼肌以及平滑肌细胞,而结缔组织细胞祖细胞可以分化成骨骼、软骨以及脂肪。卵形细胞可以分化成肝细胞或胰腺细胞(Grompe等,2001)。
非造血干细胞在脐带血液中的存在仍然处在讨论之中(Mayani等2000,Mareschi等2001)。德国专利申请DE 198 03 267 A1首次披露了来自人脐带血的造骨祖细胞和骨形成。
不过,现有技术间充质祖细胞的使用通常是有限的,因为必须对它们进行充分开发,才能将它用作制备器官或组织的工具。换句话说,它们似乎已经过于定型和特化了,以至于不能产生有功能的再生器官或组织。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够分化成诸如间充质细胞、神经细胞、血细胞或内皮细胞的不同祖细胞的干细胞。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种没有胚胎干细胞的缺陷的干细胞。
业已发现,一种新鉴定的体干细胞可以实现上文所提到的目的。本发明的体干细胞源于人脐带血液、胎盘血液和/或来自新生儿的血液。所述体干细胞不同于,但是能够分化成间充质干细胞或祖细胞,造血细胞系干细胞或祖细胞,神经干细胞或祖细胞或内皮干细胞或肝脏祖细胞。所述细胞是造血细胞系的祖细胞、间充质干细胞以及神经干细胞。这种独特的多功能能力,以及按照独特的分化方法作为所述体干细胞或作为定型细胞扩增源于脐带血(CB)的非限制性体干细胞(USSC)的方法可以进行精确的表征、标准化,并且用于生产和以再生性药物形式实施干细胞治疗。
图1表示以低密度铺平板的原代USSC培养细胞的显微照片。
图2表示铺满的USSC培养物的显微照片。
图3表示在体外培养过程中CD45抗原的FACS分析。
图4表示SSEA4胚胎标记的FACS分析。
图5表示HLA-I型(A,B,C),HLA DR和CD14的FACS分析。
图6表示CD34表面标记的FACS动力学。
图7表示在神经元诱导之后USSC细胞的显微照片。
图8表示表达神经干细胞标记nestin的本发明的USSCs抗-nestin免疫染色。
图9表示生成神经元谱系细胞的USSCs。
图10表示生成胶质谱系细胞的USSCs。
图11表示在成骨诱导和用茜素红(B)染色之后矿物化骨节形成。
图12表示USSC-衍生的颗粒培养物的Alcian Blue染色。
图13表示在成软骨分化之后USSC培养物的II型胶原染色(绿色)。
图14表示通过Oil Red染色证实的USSC培养物的成脂肪分化。
图15表示在成肌细胞分化之前和之后USSC培养物的显微照片。
图16表示在氮胞苷处理之后慢启动肌球蛋白的免疫细胞化学。
图17表示USSC衍生物的卵形细胞表型。
图18表示在注入SCID小鼠肝脏实质之后USSC培养物的存活和整合。
可以通过若干种方法分离并纯化本发明的体干细胞,所述方法包括以下步骤:密度梯度分离,采用实施例1所述的生长因子培养贴壁细胞和传代培养。在业已形成铺满的细胞层之后,使用针对CD13(阳性),CD14(阴性),CD45(阴性),和CD29(阳性;参见实施例2)表面抗原的抗体,通过形态(成纤维细胞样形态)和表型分析,通过常规方法控制所述分离过程,以便得到本发明的细胞。
本发明的体干细胞能够与对诸如CD45的造血细胞系专一的标记发生阴性反应,因此,不同于同样可以从胎盘脐带血中分离的造血干细胞。CD14是在USSCs上检测不到的另一种表面抗原。另外,本发明的干细胞以一组存在于细胞表面上的诸如CD13,CD29,CD44,和CD49e的抗原为特征。USSC制剂的其他特征是,存在某些受体分子的mRNA转录物,如表皮生长因子(EGF-R),胎盘衍生的生长因子受体α(PDGF-RA),和胰岛素生长因子受体(IGF-R)。通常,所述细胞还能表达转录因子,如YB1(Y-框转录因子1),Runx1(与矮小相关的转录因子1)和AML1C(急性髓样白血病1转录因子),这些因子是通过RT-PCR检测的。不过,USSC制剂通常对于成软骨转录因子Cart-1和神经标记的转录物来说是阴性的,所述神经标记如神经丝,突触小泡蛋白、酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)。
表1:通过RT-PCR分析USSCs的转录特征
用推测的寡核苷酸引物和来自USSCs的mRNA以及来自诸如骨骼、软骨、大脑或脐带血单核细胞的其他组织的正对照mRNAs所获得的RT-PCR结果。
名称 | PCR-结果USSC | PCR-结果(其它组织) |
PDGFR alpha | + | +(成体骨骼) |
IGFR | + | +(成体骨骼) |
神经丝 | - | +(成体肝脏) |
CD105 | + | +(来自CB的单核细胞) |
GFAP | - | +(胎儿大脑) |
突触小泡蛋白 | - | +(胎儿大脑) |
酪氨酸羟化酶 | - | +(胎儿大脑) |
YB1 | + | +(胎儿大脑) |
Runx1 | + | +(成体骨骼) |
AML1c | + | +(成体骨骼) |
BMPR II | + | +(成体软骨) |
I型胶原 | + | +(成体骨骼) |
Cart-1 | - | +(来自CB的单核细胞) |
软骨粘附素 | - | +(成体骨骼) |
CD49e | + | +(成体骨骼) |
通过使用定量Affymetrix GeneChipTM微排列,直接比较USSC制剂的RNA表达和来自MSCs的骨髓的RNA表达(Caplan,1991)。在USSCs中能检测到高表达水平的Fibulin-2基因(基因文库编号X82494)的转录物,但是在MSCs中检测不到。以前在成纤维细胞中证实了Fibulin-2的生产(Pan等,1993)。对来自各种人体组织的mRNA进行Northern印迹分析,在心脏、胎盘和卵巢组织中发现了大量的4.5-kb的转录物(Zhang等,1994)。业已用多克隆抗体在光学显微水平上在妊娠4-10周的人类胚胎上对所述蛋白进行了定位。Fibulin-2主要是在neuropithelium、脊神经节和外周神经中检测到的(Miosge等,1996)。
在大鼠动物模型中,大鼠肝脏成肌纤维细胞(rMF)是与fibulin-2共同定位的。所述细胞位于门静脉区、中央静脉壁中,并且仅仅偶尔出现在肝脏实质中。在纤维化的早期阶段,rMF是在发展中的瘢痕中检测到的。在纤维化的晚期阶段,rMF占位于瘢痕中的细胞的大部分(Knittel等,1999)。在其他动物模型中,小鼠Fibulin-2蛋白是在胚胎心脏发育期间,在上皮-间充质转化期间,在心内膜垫基质中表达的。Fibulin-2还能够分别由发育中的主动脉弓形血管的平滑肌前体细胞和源于神经嵴和心外膜细胞的冠状内皮细胞合成(Tsuda等,2001)。
透明质酸合成酶基因(D84424)、纤调蛋白基因(U05291)的转录物和转录物1NFLS(W03846)在USSCs中检测不到,但是以较高水平存在于MSCs中。Northern印迹分析表明,透明质酸合成酶是在人类组织中普遍表达的(Itano和Kimata,1996)。这种酶的产物——透明质酸具有多种功能,包括填充间隙,关节润滑,并且提供了一种细胞可以通过它迁移的基质(Hall等,1995)。纤调蛋白是小的间质蛋白聚糖家族的一员。该蛋白具有广泛的组织分布,其最大含量出现在关节软骨、腱和韧带中(Sztrolovics等,1994)。转录物1NFLS是由人胎儿肝脏克隆的。
与在MSCs中的表达水平相比,CD24基因(L33930)在USSCs中的表达水平非常低。CD24是在很多B-系细胞中以及在成熟的粒细胞上表达的(Van der Schoot等,1989)。
与MSCs相比,本发明的体细胞根据分离这些体细胞的组织来源而有所不同。另外,USSCs的特征是不表达人白血细胞I型抗原(HLA-I型)。与本发明的体干细胞不同,以前披露的从骨髓和肌肉组织中分离的MSCs能在其细胞表面上表达很高水平的HLA-I型抗原。本发明的细胞还能表达阶段专一性早期抗原4(SSEA4)(参见图4)。
通常,本发明的体干细胞表现出成纤维细胞样细胞形态,并且以贴壁方式增殖。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中,本发明的体干细胞(USSC)存在于多种代表其他体干细胞前体的混合物中,例如优先表达AC133和CD 34的造血细胞系,间充质祖细胞体干细胞,神经元祖细胞体干细胞或其组合。本实施方案是优选的,因为它包括高度的再生潜力,其基于分化成其他不同体干细胞的能力或者如本发明优选实施方案所述的体干细胞的存在。优选地间充质祖细胞体干细胞或神经元祖细胞体干细胞是由本发明的干细胞分化产生的。
根据本发明,提供了一种药品(再生性治疗剂),它包括本发明的体干细胞和多种本发明的体干细胞或其混合物。所述药品还可以进一步含有载体物质或辅助物质,这些物质是医学上和药理学上可以接受的。本发明还涉及将本发明的USSC或多种干细胞或其混合物用于基因治疗、器官移植、药物试验、血管的体外生长、血管、骨骼、肝脏、胰腺和神经疾病治疗的方法。
例如,本发明的USSCs可以局部使用于需要的部位,例如具有或没有生物材料。
根据疾病的类型,局部和/或全身使用USSCs是适当的。USSCs可以直接使用或者与可以药用的载体或佐剂一起使用。添加能够促进治愈有关疾病的其他物质可能是有利的。例如,在整形外科用途中,能够改善骨骼再生的物质可以与USSCs同时使用。
在使用USSCs时,基本上可以以使用MSCs的已知方法类似的方式使用。另外,干细胞的应用披露于以下文献中:B.E.Strauer等.″Intrakoronare,humane autologe Stammzelltransplantation zurMyokardregeneration nach Herzinfarkt″,Dtsch med Wochenschr2001;126:932-938;Quarto R.等,″使用自体骨髓体细胞修复大型骨缺陷″,N Eng1 J Med 2001;344:385-386;Vacanti C.A.,″简报:用组织工程的骨骼更换撕裂的指骨″N Eng1 J Med 2001;344:1511-1514,May 17,2001;Hentz V.R.,″重建拇指的组织工程″,N Eng1 J Med 2001;344:15471548;Brittberg M.,″通过自体软骨细胞移植治疗膝中深度软骨缺陷″,N Eng1 J Med 1994;331:889-895,Oct 6,1994;Freed C.R.,″移植胚胎多巴胺神经元用于治疗帕金森病″,N Engi J Med 2001;344:710-719;Shin′oka T.,″组织工程肺动脉的移植″,N Eng1 J Med 2001;344:532-533.ShapiroA.M.J.,“通过无糖皮质素免疫抑制方法为患有I型糖尿病的七位患者移植胰岛”,N Eng1 J Med 2000;343:230-238。以上文献被收作本文参考。
对本发明的所述干细胞进一步作了更详细的说明。
本发明的干细胞是具有成纤维细胞样细胞形状和两个或三个核仁的贴壁细胞(参见图1),这种细胞是在用胰蛋白酶EDTA-处理,并且在合适的培养条件下重新接种(实施例1)迅速扩增到具有长的拉伸形态学的铺满度之后所获得的(图2)。图1表示原代USSC培养物的显微照片。以低密度铺平板的细胞证实了USSCs的成纤维细胞样形态学。所述细胞可以容易地生长超过14次培养物传代。图2表示铺满的USSCs培养物的显微照片。几乎铺满的细胞USSC层表示出细胞的平行取向。
原代贴壁细胞层及其随后世代的所有衍生物的表面标记表型对于CD4 5标记来说是阴性的,并且保留了这种阴性。图3表示在体外培养过程中CD45抗原的FACS分析。造血细胞所特有的标记抗原CD45在来自晚期世代的USSCs中几乎检测不到(图3,第48、54、82天)。
在用方法A体外培养之后(实施例1),USSC制剂变得对阶段专一性早期抗原4(SSEA4)成阳性反应,并且表现出这种胚胎标记的均匀性表达。图4表示SSEA4胚胎标记的FACS分析。通过方法A扩增的细胞(实施例1)明显表现出阶段专一性早期抗原4(SSEA4)的表达。与此同时,USSC培养物对于HLA-I型表面抗原表达(图5A)、HLA-DR抗原表达(图5B)来说是阴性的,并且是CD14阴性的(图5C)。图5表示HLA-I型(A,B,C)、HLA DR和CD14的FACS分析。在体外扩增之后,本发明的USSC培养物是HLA-I型抗原阴性的(图片A)。所述细胞对于抗原呈递细胞(HLA-DR)和单核细胞(CD14)所特有的HLA-DR(图片B)和CD14(图片C)来说也是阴性的。
图6表示CD34表面标记的FACS动力学。让USSCs在H5100/PEI中生长10代以上。在该培养阶段期间,观察到了CD34抗原表达的显著增强。就造血干细胞标记CD34而言,图6揭示了从第3代直到第54天,都检测不到CD34阳性细胞。相反,在第82天的第7代,出现了新的CD34阳性亚群体。另一方面,如果所述CD34和/或FIK1阳性祖细胞是用对造血细胞分化专一的细胞因子调节的培养基培养的话,红血细胞和白血细胞前体(CFU-GM和BFU-E)的典型的混合的或造血细胞集落发展成与CD45+造血祖细胞相当(实施例9)。
另一方面,如果在高葡萄糖含量培养基中培养缺少CD14的脐带血单核细胞的话,它们会出现神经干细胞的典型特征。图7表示在神经元诱导之后USSC细胞的显微照片。在含有高葡萄糖含量的Dulbecco′s改进的eagle培养基(DMEM)中培养的本发明的USSCs表现出星形细胞样形态学。图7表示所述培养细胞的一种例子,它表现出在培养物中培养13天之后所获得的胶质形态学(实施例6)。在用PEI扩增之后,USSCs能表达神经干细胞标记nestin。最初的观察表明,在用诸如视黄酸(RA)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子bFGF、和神经生长因子β(NGF-β)的神经元诱导制剂刺激细胞之后,nestin染色不太明显(McKay,1997)。
图8详细示出了表达神经干细胞标记nestin的USSCs。(A)在H5100/PEI培养基中培养7天并且进行标准抗nestin免疫组织化学的USSCs。(B)在含有RA、bFGF和NGF的H5100中诱导细胞9天,然后在H5100/PEI中培养7天。注意,与在(A)中条件下生长的细胞相比,nestin染色减弱。
对所述细胞进行进一步的分析,还发现了神经细胞所特有的蛋白的表达,如γ-氨基丁酸(GABA,图9B)、酪氨酸羟化酶(图9B)、突触小泡蛋白(图9D)、神经丝(图9F)、或典型的胶质抗原,如半乳糖脑苷脂(GalC,图10B)和胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP,图10D)。图9表示能产生神经元细胞系的本发明的USSCs。让本发明的USSCs在H5100/PEI中生长7天,并且在含有RA、bFGF和NGF的H5100中保持27天。通过标准固定方法处理之后,使用神经元专一性抗体。(A,C,D)相差照片,(B,D,F)与A,C,D相同的制剂的荧光照片。用DNA染色剂DAPI(蓝色)对细胞核进行染色。(B)使用抗GABA(红色),和抗酪氨酸羟化酶(TH,绿色)的双免疫荧光照片。(D)抗突触小泡蛋白染色(绿色)。(F)示出了神经元专一性抗神经丝染色(红色)。使用针对神经丝的不同亚型的抗体混合物。图10表示产生胶质细胞系的本发明的USSCs。给所述细胞提供与图9所示相同的细胞培养条件。DAPI是蓝色的。(A,C)表示相差照片。(B)与(A)相同的细胞,对这种细胞进行了抗GalC免疫染色(红色)。(D)与(C)相同的细胞,对这种细胞进行了抗胶质原纤维酸性蛋白染色(GFAP,红色)。
不过,如果上述通用干细胞是从任何扩增世代中获得的,并且在含有DAG(地塞米松,抗坏血酸,β-甘油磷酸酯)的培养条件下或在含有纤连蛋白的培养基中诱导的话,就可以诱导沿骨形成细胞系的分化(实施例3)。如表2所示,可以容易地诱导骨专一性标记基因(碱性磷酸酶、骨钙蛋白,I型胶原),并且可以通过RT-PCR检测。
表2:在USSCs的骨形成分化期间的RT-PCR分析。
对照 | 第7天 | 第14天 | |
β-肌动蛋白(正对照) | + | + | + |
碱性磷酸酶 | - | + | + |
II型胶原 | - | + | + |
骨钙蛋白 | + | + | - |
成骨分化的所有三个标记基因在DAG诱导的第7天都表现出增强了的mRNA表达。将β-肌动蛋白用作正对照。
图11表示在成骨诱导之后,以及在用茜素红(B)染色之后矿化骨节的形成。通过向培养基H5100中添加地塞米松,抗坏血酸和β-甘油磷酸酯诱导了几乎铺满的USSC层的成骨分化。在刺激的第10天,出现了特有的骨节(图11A)。可以通过茜素红染色证实所述骨节的矿物沉积(11B)。在上述成骨诱导条件下,本发明的细胞发生了全面的成骨分化,正如通过不同骨节中矿物化骨骼的积累所证实的(图11A),这种骨节可以用茜素红染色(图11B)。另外,在通过von Kossa染色之后6天,在细胞培养物中检测到羟基磷灰石的积累。
通过以上结果可以证实,脐带血含有迄今为止还没有检测到的非常早期的干细胞,这种干细胞可以大量扩增。另外,可以诱导这种细胞分化成MSCs,并且由MSCs分化成成骨细胞,正如在图11A中所证实的。在用DAG全面诱导之后,可以获得向矿物化骨节的进一步分化,正如在图11B中用茜素红染色所证实的。
在含有地塞米松、脯氨酸、丙酮酸钠、ITS+Premix和TGF-β1的高葡萄糖DMEM中培养之后,成软骨分化证实了本发明细胞的多用途性甚至更高(Johnstone等,1998)。在所述分化实验的第0和14天收获细胞,并且通过RT-PCR分析(表3,实施例4)。
表3:在USSCs的成软骨分化期间的RT-PCR分析
对照 | 第14天 | |
β-肌动蛋白(正对照) | + | + |
Cart-1 | - | + |
II型胶原(未剪接过的) | - | + |
软骨粘附素 | - | + |
在软骨刺激之后14天,持续进行的软骨形成的三个特有的标记基因得到表达。
上述研究的结果明确表明,在成软骨刺激之后14天,Cart-1——一种特殊的成软骨转录因子得到了上调。另外,两种典型的软骨细胞外蛋白(II型胶原和软骨粘附素)的mRNA转录物也得到了上调。另外,本发明的细胞明确能产生软骨细胞分化所特有的细胞外蛋白聚糖分子,正如通过爱茜蓝染色所证实的。图12表示USSC衍生的颗粒培养物的爱茜蓝染色。让USSCs在成软骨分化培养基中在沉降培养物中生长。在诱导培养基中培养6天之后,通过爱茜蓝染色检测不到成软骨分化所特有的标记——大量的蛋白聚糖(PG)(图片A)。相反,通过蓝色/绿色可以证实,PGs是可以容易地检测的(图片B)。
另外,可以在蛋白水平上证实软骨专一性II型胶原的存在。图13:在成软骨分化之后USSC培养物的II型胶原染色(绿色)。
在成软骨分化培养基中培养USSCs。使用抗II型胶原一级抗体和FITC抗小鼠二级抗体通过荧光显微术证实了在第14天细胞外基质蛋白II型胶原的表达(图13B)。
本文根据在具有高浓度地塞米松的PEI-方法扩增的培养物条件下前述干细胞分化成脂肪细胞证实了非限制性干细胞的进一步的多用途性(实施例5)。
图14表示可以用油红(Sigma)专一性染色的脂肪细胞。脂肪细胞的特征是具有大量的细胞内小泡,和由油红进行专一性红色染色。
另外,当USSCs在含有10μM 5’-氮胞苷的H5100中培养24小时,然后用含有100ng/ml bFGF的H5100培养时,出现了肌肉分化的有利证据。细胞形态的改变伴随着慢激动肌球蛋白的表达(图15和16)。
另外,当从如图6所示的CD34′亚群体亚克隆PEI诱导的USSCs时,通常在晚期世代中出现典型的卵形细胞和卵形细胞的增殖(图17)(实施例8)。所述细胞以不同程度表达酶——二肽基肽酶IV,这表明所述卵形细胞可以进一步分化成肝细胞。
体外扩增的USSC在注射到具有50%的部分肝切除以及未肝切除肝脏的SCID小鼠的再生肝脏中之后,能够存活并保持,而脐带血衍生的单核细胞即使是移植了高出25倍的细胞数量也检测不到。图18表示USSC培养物在注射到SCID小鼠肝实质中之后的存活和整合。图18A:在移植7天之后的红色荧光,表明本发明的PKH26-标记的人USSCs的存活以及整合到小鼠肝组织中(没有进行肝切除)。相反,在移植脐带血衍生的单核细胞(MNCs)之后,没有检测到表明人MNCs整合的红色荧光。图18B:相当于A的小鼠肝组织的低温切片:具有整合的人USSCs的小鼠肝组织的透射光显微照片。
由于肝脏和胰腺β-胰岛细胞的前体相同,所述CB-衍生的卵形细胞也能分化成生产胰岛素的β-胰岛细胞,这使得它成为糖尿病患者或患有肝病的患者的细胞治疗的有用工具。
除了上述明显的临床用途之外,任何业已充分表征的以及在标准化条件下扩增的干细胞成分及其后代,都可用于监测并且确定新开发的药用制剂的作用和分子以及细胞效果,并因此还可用于取代某些基于动物的实验。
因此,本文所披露的源于人脐带血培养物的业已标准化的干细胞和分化的细胞可用作制药和生物材料行业的有价值的测试试剂。
USSC制剂在适当的培养条件下能发育成不同造血细胞系的多种集落,由此提供了这种细胞可以用于造血的证据。
在含有特定浓度VEGF、Flt 3L、SCGF(干细胞生长因子)的适当调节过的培养基中以及在甲基纤维素中,所述细胞形成的混合集落也具有对于FLK1+和AC133+、Tie1和Tie2标记成阳性的细胞。在进一步分化之后,所述标记出现了内皮细胞的特征:AC133阴性,CD31+、CD54+、VWF+、VE-Catherin+。
本文披露了将自体和异体血管的所述内皮细胞的体外生长用于治疗血管疾病的用途。
与此同时,很明显,上述所有体外制备的和均匀扩增的祖细胞及其分化细胞可以在克隆水平上用作极其重要的工具,用于确定特定基因及其产物的作用,将其用于细胞生物学以及所有基于细胞或分子介导的治疗的医学用途。
这种特殊类型细胞中只有一小部分足以大量制备本发明的贴壁生长的USSCs,以及用于生产可用于医学目的的再生性细胞类型的分化程度更高的间充质干细胞。
有关这方面知识的一个全新方面是这样一个事实,所述祖细胞可以不对称地发育成两种或两种以上不同的分化细胞类型。由此揭示了甚至包括在体外进行的功能定向细胞再生中共同成分调控的新的生物学原理。
本发明的结果是,必须按照该原理设计基于干细胞的治疗剂,而不能仅包括一种无性细胞类型。在下面的非限定实施例中将对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
脐带血(CB)的采集
在产科部门进行的脐带血采集,是在得到了解情况的母亲的同意的情况下进行的。在婴儿出生之后,胎盘仍然留在子宫中,此时在距离婴儿肚脐7-10厘米的地方将脐带双重夹住,并且横向切断。在对脐带进行消毒之后,切开脐静脉,并且将CB采集到采集袋中,其中含有柠檬酸磷酸葡萄糖(CPD)作为抗凝固剂。
从脐带血中分离单核细胞
将脐带血小心加样到Ficoll溶液(密度1.077g/cm3)上。进行密度梯度离心(450g,室温,25分钟)。采集两相界面上的单核细胞(MNC),并且用磷酸缓冲的盐溶液,pH 7.3(PBS)洗涤2次。
制备具有成纤维细胞样形态的贴壁细胞层
以大约5×103细胞/cm2的密度将单核细胞铺平板在T25培养烧瓶中(Nunclon)[A.),B.),C.)]。使用四种不同的培养方法启动贴壁干细胞的生长:
A.)首先在含有10-7M地塞米松的Myelocult H5100培养基(StemCell Technologies,Vancouver/Canada)中培养CB衍生的MNCs。
B.)首先在含有10-7M地塞米松的Mesencult(StemCellTechnologies,Vancouver/Canada)中培养CB衍生的MNCs。
C.)首先在含有10-7M地塞米松的具有30%的FCS的低葡萄糖DMEM(Bio Whittaker)中培养CB衍生的MNCs。
D.)以5×106/ml的密度将CB-衍生的MNCs铺平板到装在50ml培养烧瓶(Nunclon)里的10ml不含地塞米松的Myelocult H5100培养基(StemCell Technologies,Vancouver,Canada)中。
所有培养物都是在37℃下,在5%的二氧化碳中,在完全潮湿的空气中培养的,并且每周补料1次,包括取出含有非贴壁细胞的所有培养基,并且添加10ml新的培养基。在若干时间点之后,通过用0.05%胰蛋白酶和0.53mM EDTA处理2分钟取出贴壁纺锤形细胞,用含有50%血清的培养基漂洗,通过以780g的速度离心收集细胞,并且通过流式细胞测定或RT-PCR进行分析。在2-3周之后,在所有细胞培养物的大约30%中出现了具有成纤维细胞样形态的贴壁细胞。
扩增本发明USSCs的培养条件
本发明的USSCs可以在含有10ng/ml IGF I(胰岛素样生长因子-I)、10ng/ml PDGF-BB(血小板衍生的生长因子-BB)和10ng/ml rh-人EGF(重组人表皮生长因子)的H5100培养基(PEI培养基)中扩增,其密度为1×104和1×105细胞/ml之间(扩增方法A)。另外,USSC制剂可以在起始生长培养基A、B和C中扩增。
实施例2
通过细胞荧光测定对细胞进行免疫表型分类
为了确定USSCs的免疫表型,用FITC-连接的抗CD4 5(BectonDickinson,Coulter)、PE连接的抗CD14(PharMingen,Coulter)、用山羊F(ab’)2抗小鼠IgG+IgM(H+L)-FITC(Coulter)标记过的抗SSEA-4(MC-813-70)、抗CD10-PE(CALLA,PharMingen)、用山羊F(ab’)2抗小鼠IgG+IgM(H+L)-FITC标记过的抗HLA-I型(Coulter)、抗CD13-PE(Becton Dickinson,Coulter);抗CD29(Coulter)、抗CD44(Coulter)、抗CD49e(Coulter)、抗CD90(Coulter)、抗HLA-II型-FITC(Coulter)对细胞进行染色。用EPICS XL(Coulter或FACS分析仪(Becton Dickinson)分析细胞。
实施例3
证实USSCs的成骨分化潜力
在标准培养基中培养按实施例1所述方法获得的USSCs,直到达到70%的铺满度。通过添加10-7M地塞米松、50μg/ml抗坏血酸和10mMβ-甘油磷酸酯诱导所述细胞的成骨分化(Bruder等,1994,Jaiswal等,1997)。在刺激的第10天,表现出磷酸钙沉积的细胞产生了骨节。通过按以下方法用茜素红染色检测矿物化的骨节:用pH7.3的PBS洗涤培养物中的贴壁细胞2次,并且在室温下用5ml 0.1%的茜素红溶液染色1小时,然后使用0.1%的乙酸和无水酒精以及PBS洗涤。对钙进行的茜素红和von Kossa染色证实了所述细胞的矿物化潜力(Stanford等,1995,Rungby等,1993)。还使用骨专一性分化标记骨钙蛋白(OC)、骨桥蛋白(OP)、骨专一性碱性磷酸酶(AP)、骨唾液蛋白(BSP)、血小板衍生的生长因子受体α(PDGF-Ra)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和I型胶原,通过RT-PCR证实了成骨分化。
实施例4
证实USSCs的成软骨分化潜力
为了进行成软骨分化,将2×105贴壁干细胞放入15ml聚丙烯试管中的沉降培养物中。用含有地塞米松、脯氨酸、丙酮酸钠、ITS+Premix和TGF-β1的高葡萄糖DMEM作为细胞培养基(Johnstone等,1998,Yoo等,1998)。在第7、14和21天,通过RT-PCR分析细胞级份的编码Cart-1、II型胶原和软骨粘附素的软骨专一性基因产物。另外,将USSCs用于沉降培养中。在2周之后,在室温下用4%的低聚甲醛固定脱蜡切片15分钟,并且用乙醇洗涤。切片在1%爱茜蓝/3%乙酸,pH 2.5(Sigma)中染色5分钟,并且用蒸馏水洗涤。通过爱茜蓝染色证实,它们明确表现出特殊蛋白聚糖的阳性染色(图12)(Chao,G.等,1993)。在经过为期14天的成软骨诱导之后,按照标准方法固定细胞,并且通过荧光显微术分析(Rosenbaum等,1998),证实了II型胶原专一性细胞基质的存在(图13B)。
实施例5
证实USSCs成脂肪分化潜力
正如通过油红染色所证实的,在含有10-6M地塞米松、50μg/ml抗坏血酸和10mMβ-甘油磷酸酯的H5100中培养USSC导致了USSCs向脂肪细胞的部分分化(Ramirez Zacarias e等,1992)。
实施例6
证实USSCs的成神经分化潜力
胶质细胞的细胞分离和培养条件
通过CD14/磁力激活的细胞分选(MACS)分离系统,采用VS+分离柱,按照生产商的说明(Miltenyi Biotec,Bergisch Gladbach)消除按上述方法获得的单核脐带血细胞中的CD14+细胞。消除了CD14的单核细胞以2×106/ml的密度在装有10ml高葡萄糖培养基(含有4500G/L葡萄糖的Dulbecco′s MEM)的T25培养烧瓶(Nunclon)中培养,并且在37℃,在5%CO2,在完全潮湿的气体中培养。在培养10-15天之后,检测胶质形状的细胞。
向神经元细胞的分化
A)在H5100培养基本身或在含有40pg/ml PDGFB、10pg/ml EGF、10pg/ml IGF-I的H5100培养基中扩增细胞7天。对细胞进行胰蛋白酶处理,以大约3.5×103细胞/cm2的密度铺平板到24孔培养皿中的、用聚D-赖氨酸(PDL)和层连蛋白(PDL/lam)覆盖的盖玻片上。然后,通过添加诸如全反式视黄酸(10-5M)、bFGF(20ng/ml)和NGF-β(50ng/ml)的诱导制剂启动神经元分化。
荧光显微术
在诱导期(27天)之后,按照标准方法固定细胞(Rosenbaum等,1998),并且用抗神经元专一性抗原的抗体染色。通过荧光和透射光学显微术分析样品。
实施例7
证实肌细胞系中的分化潜力
在补充了10ng/ml PDGFBB、10ng/ml EGF、10ng/ml IGF的H5100培养基(StemCell Technology)中,在37℃,5%CO2中培养含有1×104USSCs直到所述细胞达到大约70%的铺满度。然后用10μM 5′-氮胞苷(Sigma)培养细胞24小时,用PBS洗涤2次,并且在补充了100ng/mlbFGF(Sigma)的H5100培养基中培养。在分化培养基中培养1周之后,细胞的形态发生了改变(图15)。在10天之后,对所述细胞进行胰蛋白酶处理,并且转移到纤连蛋白覆盖的玻璃腔室载玻片上,进行免疫染色。
免疫组织化学
用5%甲醛/PBS固定细胞15分钟,并且用PBS、pH7.3洗涤2次。使用标准方法培养细胞,与抗骨骼肌球蛋白(慢速)专一性一级抗体(克隆NOQ7.5.4D,1∶400)(用绿色表示)和抗CD1 3一级抗体(用红色表示)或单克隆抗骨骼肌球蛋白一级抗体(克隆MY-32,1∶4000)一起培养。对于在上述培养条件下培养的USSCs来说,染色是阳性的(图16)。
实施例8
用PKH26红色荧光细胞接头试剂盒(Sigma,PKH26 GL)标记人USSC细胞和脐带血衍生的单核细胞(MNC)。将2×105USSCs和5×106MNCs注射到进行和没进行过50%肝切除的SCID小鼠的肝实质中。在移植之后7天,获得了肝切除动物的完整的肝脏再生。通过低温切片的荧光显微术,分析肝脏组织中红色标记的人细胞的存在(图18)。
实施例9 证实USSC造血细胞系分化潜力
将在合适的扩增培养基中长时间生长(传代5-8次)的三种不同的USSCs制剂(含有30%FCS的DMEM培养基中的USSCKCB55,在含有地塞米松的H5100培养基中的USSCKCB12,在含有地塞米松的MesenCult培养基中USSCKCB13和在含有PEI的H5100培养基中的USSCGK12)接种到250μl(2×104-2×105细胞)细胞悬浮液中,在24孔平板上重复接种3次,所述细胞接种在造血专用培养基中(Methocult 4434)。统计50个以上的细胞集落,并且按照业已建立的标准进行分类,确定其源于粒细胞/巨噬细胞(CFU-GM)、早期红细胞(BFU-E)或多能(CFU-GEMM)祖细胞。在分化条件下,证实不同培养物中的集落形成始于观察的第1周,并且直到随后的第3周。USSC制剂形成了不同谱系的多种集落,由此提供了这种细胞能够进行造血的证据。
实施例10
用于分析非限制性体干细胞及其连续的分化产物的分子方法
用于扩增来自骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、骨唾液蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、PDGFRα和EGF受体的专一性cDNA序列的PCR引物选自不同的相应外显子,以便能够根据大小区分其相应产生的DNA片段。
通过克隆到pCRL1载体(Invitrogen/USA)上,并随后转入大肠杆菌菌株TOP 10F,获得了相应的特殊cDNA克隆,并且在自动化测序仪(Applied Biosystems)上通过循环测序进行表征。
RT-PCR反应是用两个步骤的方法进行的。首先用10U AMV逆转录酶(Promega,Mannheim),1.5pmol 3′-基因专一性引物,1mM dNTPs和所提供的缓冲液(Promega,Mannheim)在20μl的反应体积中,在50℃下对所述细胞的200ng的总RNA进行1小时的逆转录。PCR反应是使用2μl cDNA的1U HotStarTaq DNA聚合酶、缓冲液和Q-溶液(Qiagen,Hilden)、1.5mM dNTPs和20pmol 3′-和5′-基因专一性引物进行的。PCR反应是这样进行的:起始步骤为95℃15分钟,94℃30秒37轮,56℃30秒,68℃1分钟,和最终的聚合步骤为68℃5分钟。
表4:用于扩增特定cDNA序列的PCR引物
表中示出了检测过的基因的5’-和3′-引物序列以及以bp为单位的PCR片段的预期长度
名称 | 5′引物序列 | 3′引物序列 | bp |
PDGFR alpha | acagtggagattacgaatgtg | cacarcagtggtgatctcag | 251 |
IGFR | cgagtggagaaatctgcgg | gaccagggcgtagttgtag | 272 |
EGFR | tgccacaaccagtgtgct | ccacataattacggggacac | 205 |
神经丝 | attcgcgcgcagcttgaag | cctggtaggaggcaatgtc | 265 |
GFAP | ctctccctggctcgaatgc | cctcctgataactggccg | 871 |
突触小泡蛋白 | cctgcagaacaagtaccgag | ccttgctgcccatagtcgc | 516 |
酪氨酸羟化酶 | caccttcgcgcagttctcg | ctgtccagcacgtcgatgg | 387 |
YB1 | ggtgaggaggcagcaaatgt | agggttggaatactgtggtc | 279 |
Runx1 | gcaagctgaggagcggcg | gaccgacaaacctgaagtc | 296 |
AML1c | cagtgcttcatgagagaatgc | gaccgacaaacctgaagtc | 453 |
Cart-1 | ggagacgctggacaatgag | ggtagctgtcagtccttggc | 560 |
CD105 | cctgccactggacacagg | atggcagctctgtggtgttg | 411 |
I型胶原 | ggacacaatggattgcaagg | aaccactgctccactctgg | 441 |
II型胶原 | tttcccaggtcaagatggtc | cttcagcacctgtctcacca | 377 |
骨钙蛋白 | agtccagcaaaggtgcagc | ggccgtagaagcgccgat | 231 |
碱性磷酸酶 | gcttcagaagctcaacacca | cgttgtctgagtaccagtcc | 454 |
β-肌动蛋白 | gagaaaatcttgcaccacac | ctcggtgaggatcttcat | 340 |
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缩略语
DAG含有地塞米松、抗坏血酸和β-甘油磷酸酯的成骨分化培养基
HLA人白细胞抗原
MSC间充质干细胞
PEI含有PDGF-BB、EGF和IGF的培养基
SSEA4阶段专一性早期抗原4
USSC非限制性体干细胞
PG蛋白聚糖
序列表
序列表
<110>库里安医疗股份有限公司
<120>人脐带血衍生的非限制性体干细胞(USSC)
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<140>PCT/EP 01/12768
<141>2001-11-03
<160>34
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tgccacaacc agtgtgct 18
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ctgtccagca cgtcgatgg 19
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<210>24
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<220>
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ggacacaatg gattgcaagg 20
<210>26
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<210>27
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<220>
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cttcagcacc tgtctcacca 20
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ctcggtgagg atcttcat 18
Claims (11)
1.源于人脐带血、胎盘血和/或来自新生儿血液样品的非限制性体干细胞(USSC),所述体干细胞不同于,但是能够分化成间充质干细胞或祖细胞,造血细胞系干细胞或祖细胞、神经干细胞或祖细胞或内皮干细胞或祖细胞。
2.如权利要求1的体干细胞,与对CD45和CD14专一的标记呈阴性反应,并且与对CD13、CD29、CD44和CD49e表面抗原的标记呈阳性反应。
3.如权利要求1的体干细胞,在合适的培养基中培养之后与胚胎干细胞标记SSEA4起阳性反应,并且能表达转录因子YB1、AML-1和RUNX-1。
4.根据分离的组织来源和表面抗原表达形式(HLA I)以及转录因子能明确区分于间充质干细胞的体干细胞。
5.如权利要求1的体干细胞,根据fibulin-2(基因文库编号X82494)的表达而区别于MSCs,并且通过Affimetrix分析确定透明质酸合成酶(D84424)、纤调蛋白(U05291)和1NFLS(W03846)的表达的缺失。
6.如权利要求1的体干细胞,它具有成纤维细胞样细胞形状,并且具有贴壁生长的要求。
7.如权利要求1的多种体干细胞或其混合物,用于造血细胞系、优选表达AC133和CD34、间充质祖体干细胞、神经元祖体干细胞或其组合的体干细胞。
8.如权利要求7的多种体干细胞或其混合物,其中,所述间充质祖细胞或神经祖细胞是由权利要求1的干细胞分化而来。
9.含有权利要求1-6中任意一项的体干细胞或权利要求7和/或8的多种体干细胞或其混合物的药品。
10.将权利要求1-6中任意一项的非限制性体干细胞或权利要求7和/或8的多种干细胞或其混合物用于基因治疗、器官移植、药物测试、包括整形装置的生物材料测试、血管的体外生长、血管和心肌或平滑肌疾病的治疗、骨骼、肝脏、胰腺或神经疾病的治疗的方法。
11.用于分离和纯化权利要求1-6中任意一项的非限制性新生儿干细胞的方法,包括以下步骤:密度梯度分离,培养贴壁细胞和使用生长因子的传代培养。
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CN101543644B (zh) * | 2008-03-27 | 2012-07-25 | 中国人民解放军总医院 | 无支架工程软骨组织的构建方法及其产品 |
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CN106377547A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-08 | 孔五 | 脐带血再生粒子的提取方法及其用途 |
CN106377547B (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-05-31 | 孔五一 | 脐带血再生粒子的提取方法及其用途 |
CN113637633A (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 浙江大学 | 一种促进间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的方法 |
CN113637633B (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-11-03 | 浙江大学 | 一种促进间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的方法 |
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