CN1544569A - 一种替代r502的环保型制冷剂 - Google Patents
一种替代r502的环保型制冷剂 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019406 chloropentafluoroethane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- KLZDCUBZWUSEGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC.F.F.F.F.F Chemical compound CC.F.F.F.F.F KLZDCUBZWUSEGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BCQZXOMGPXTTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N halothane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Br BCQZXOMGPXTTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003132 halothane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 halogen derivative of methane Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
- C09K2205/47—Type R502
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种替代R502的环保型制冷剂。该制冷剂由氟乙烷(HFC-161)、五氟乙烷(HFC-125)和三氟乙烷(HFC-143a)三种组分组成。其较佳的质量百分比为:HFC-161:1%-30%,HFC-125:35%-65%,HFC-143a:5%-64%。该制冷剂ODP值为零,不破坏大气臭氧层,GWP值基本小于R502及其现有的主要替代物R404A,符合环境保护的要求。该制冷剂的工作压力及压比与R502相近,在不改变系统主要部件的前提下,热工性能如单位质量制冷量、排气温度都要优于R502,可作为R502的长期替代物,并且可以减少充灌量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制冷剂,尤其涉及一种替代R502的环保型制冷剂。
技术背景
R502是HCFC-22和CFC-115以48.8%和51.2%的质量百分比混合而成的二元共沸混合物,其沸点为-45.4℃。由于其具有良好的物理、化学和热力学性质,从本世纪六十年代开始,先后在国内外得到广泛的应用,R502作为性能良好的中温制冷剂,曾广泛用于冷库、冷冻柜、平板冻结器等低温制冷设备中。
R502的组分中含有大量的CFC-115,根据蒙特利尔协定及其修正案的规定,CFC-115属于首批禁用的物质,发达国家早已经在1996年之前淘汰,而另一种组分HCFC-22虽然ODP值较小,但是对臭氧层仍有一定的破坏作用,也属于即将淘汰的物质。
目前倾向于采用二元或三元的HFC混合物作为R502的替代制冷剂,这些替代制冷剂主要是R404A、R407A、R407B、R507。R404A属于近共沸混合物制冷剂,其容积制冷量和效率等方面和R502很近似,而且排气温度低于R502,是替代R502的优选替代制冷剂。R407A和R407B属于非共沸混合物,两者的温度滑移都比较大,虽然温度滑移带来了节能的可能性,但是也带来了泄漏、成分改变等一系列问题。R507属于共沸混合制冷剂,大多数使用R404A的设备也能用R507,但后者用得较少。但是,应该看到,上述制冷剂尚存在有一定的缺陷,即这些替代制冷剂虽然ODP值均为0,但仍具有较高的GWP值,与当前控制温室气体排放的大环境不相适应。可见,研究R502替代制冷剂的工作十分必要。
文献表明,R502最可能的替代制冷剂是温度滑移较小的混合物,为此,对甲烷和乙烷的卤素衍生物进行研究筛选,提出一种可用于替代R502的新型混合替代制冷剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种替代R502的环保型制冷剂。
该制冷剂由HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a三种组分组成,其较佳的质量百分比为:
HFC-161:1%-30%,
HFC-125:35%-65%,
HFC-143a:5%-64%。
本发明的制冷剂与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
1)近共沸,温度滑移小。
2)环境性能良好,不仅消耗臭氧层潜能ODP值为零,而且全球变暖潜能GWP值基本小于R502及其现有的主要替代物R404A,符合环保要求,这是本发明的最大优势。
3)热工参数如运行压力、压比与R502相近,在不改变设备主要部件的前提下,热工性能如单位质量制冷量优于R502,排气温度也基本小于R502,COP值虽然略小于R502,但是大于R404A。可作为R502的长期替代物,并且可以减少充灌量。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在开发研究一种可用于替代R502的新型制冷剂,使新开发的制冷剂不仅不破坏大气臭氧层,而且温室效应更小。此外,还具有和R502相当的热工参数和热工性能,可作为R502的直接替代物。
本发明提供的这种可用于替代R502的新型制冷剂,其特征在于该制冷剂由氟乙烷(HFC-161)、五氟乙烷(HFC-125)和三氟乙烷(HFC-143a)三种组份组成。
其较佳的质量百分比为:
HFC-161:1%-30%,
HFC-125:35%-65%,
HFC-143a:5%-64%。
比较优选的质量百分比为:
HFC-161:5%-18%,
HFC-125:38%-58%,
HFC-143a:24%-57%。
最优选的质量百分比为:
HFC-161:8%-15%,
HFC-125:40%-55%,
HFC-143a:30%-52%。
本发明提供的制冷剂,其制备方法是将上述各种组分按照其相应的配比在液相状态下进行物理混合。
上述组分中的氟乙烷(HFC-161),其分子式为CH3CH2F,分子量为48.06,标准沸点为-37.1℃,临界温度为102.2℃,临界压力为4.7MPa。
上述组分中的五氟乙烷(HFC-125),其分子式为CHF2CF3,分子量为120.02,标准沸点为-48.1℃,临界温度为66.2℃,临界压力为3.63MPa。
上述组分中的三氟乙烷(HFC-143a),其分子式为CH3CF3,分子量为84.04,标准沸点为-47.2℃,临界温度为72.9℃,临界压力为3.78MPa。
实施例1:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按1∶35∶64的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例2:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按5∶38∶57的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例3:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按8∶40∶52的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例4:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按10∶45∶45的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例5:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按12∶48∶40的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例6:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按15∶50∶35的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例7:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按18∶55∶27的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例8:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按20∶58∶22的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例9:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按25∶60∶15的质量百分比进行物理混合。
实施例10:将HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a在液相下按30∶65∶5的质量百分比进行物理混合。
现将上述实施例的性能与R502及其主要替代物R404A进行比较,说明本发明的特点和效果。
a.近共沸
表1温度滑移的比较(单位:℃)
泡点温度 | 露点温度 | 温度滑移 | |
实施例1 | -46.98 | -46.96 | 0.02 |
实施例2 | -46.61 | -46.46 | 0.15 |
实施例3 | -46.31 | -46.04 | 0.27 |
实施例4 | -46.08 | -45.70 | 0.38 |
实施例5 | -45.85 | -45.36 | 0.49 |
实施例6 | -45.51 | -44.85 | 0.66 |
实施例7 | -45.12 | -44.27 | 0.85 |
实施例8 | -44.85 | -43.88 | 0.97 |
实施例9 | -44.19 | -43.00 | 1.19 |
实施例10 | -43.44 | -42.07 | 1.37 |
R404A | -46.56 | -45.78 | 0.78 |
(注:表中的泡点温度和露点温度都是在标准大气压101.325kPa时的饱和温度)
从表1中可以看出,所有实施例的温度滑移都不大,属于近共沸混合制冷剂,实施例1~6的温度滑移小于R502现有的主要替代物R404A。
b.环境性能
表2比较了上述实施例与R502、R404A的环境性能。其中ODP值以CFC-11作为基准值1.0,GWP值以CO2作为基准值1.0(100年)。
表2环境性能比较
制冷剂 | ODP | GWP |
实施例1 | 0 | 3455 |
实施例2 | 0 | 3153 |
实施例3 | 0 | 2938 |
实施例4 | 0 | 2759 |
实施例5 | 0 | 2604 |
实施例6 | 0 | 2403 |
实施例7 | 0 | 2173 |
实施例8 | 0 | 2025 |
实施例9 | 0 | 1738 |
实施例10 | 0 | 1427 |
R502 | 0.224 | 5490 |
R404A | 0 | 3260 |
从表2中可以看出,上述实施例的臭氧层消耗潜能(ODP)值为零,对大气臭氧层没有破坏作用,这一点要优于R502。
不仅如此,上述实施例的全球变暖潜能(GWP)值也小于R502,只有R502值的26~63%,除实施例1外,所有实施例的GWP值都小于R404A,是R404AGWP值的44~97%,更符合当前保护臭氧层、减小全球变暖效应的环境保护要求。
c.热工参数及热力性能
表3比较了低温工况下(即蒸发温度=-40℃,冷凝温度=35℃,吸气温度=-10℃,过冷温度=30℃),上述实施例与R502、R404A的热工参数(即:蒸发压力P0、冷凝压力Pk、压比Pk/P0、排气温度t2)及相对热力性能(即:相对COP、相对单位质量制冷量q0、相对单位容积制冷量qv、相对单位容积耗功量wv)。所说的相对热力性能是指实际热力性能与R502热力性能的比值。
表3热工参数的比较
从表3中可见,在低温工况下,上述实施例的冷凝压力、蒸发压力、压比与R502相近,而且均处于允许范围,可直接充灌。从排气温度来看,除实施例10外,其他实施例的排气温度均低于R502。单位质量制冷量高于R502、R404A,这意味着可以减少系统制冷剂的充灌量。所有实施例的COP都大于R502的主要替代物R404A,虽然略小于R502,但最大相差不超过3%。此外,它们的单位容积制冷量和单位容积耗功量与R502或R404A相比,偏差不大,这表明这些实施例可直接使用R502或R404A的压缩机,而基本无需改动。
Claims (4)
1、一种替代R502的环保型制冷剂,其特征在于该制冷剂由HFC-161、HFC-125和HFC-143a三种组分组成。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种替代R502的环保型制冷剂,其特征在于其质量百分比为:
HFC-161:1%-30%,
HFC-125:35%-65%,
HFC-143a:5%-64%。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种替代R502的环保型制冷剂,其特征在于其质量百分比为:
HFC-161:5%-18%,
HFC-125:38%-58%,
HFC-143a:24%-57%。
4、根据权利要求1所述的一种替代R502的环保型制冷剂,其特征在于其质量百分比为:
HFC-161:8%-15%,
HFC-125:40%-55%,
HFC-143a:30%-52%。
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CNB2003101086603A CN1233781C (zh) | 2003-11-12 | 2003-11-12 | 一种替代r502的环保型制冷剂 |
KR1020067009846A KR20060100435A (ko) | 2003-11-12 | 2004-04-08 | R502를 대체하는 환경보호형 냉각제 |
PCT/CN2004/000320 WO2005047418A1 (fr) | 2003-11-12 | 2004-04-08 | Refrigerant non polluant en remplacement du r502 |
US10/577,046 US20070080318A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2004-04-08 | Enviromental refrigerant instead of r502 |
EP04726414A EP1690910B1 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2004-04-08 | Environmental refrigerant instead of r502 |
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CNB2003101086603A CN1233781C (zh) | 2003-11-12 | 2003-11-12 | 一种替代r502的环保型制冷剂 |
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CN101235275B (zh) * | 2007-11-09 | 2013-01-02 | 中化蓝天集团有限公司 | 一种新型环保型制冷剂 |
CN105820799A (zh) * | 2015-01-05 | 2016-08-03 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | 一种含HFO-1234ze(E)的环保型制冷组合物 |
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GB9504955D0 (en) | 1995-03-11 | 1995-04-26 | Star Refrigeration | High efficiency refrigerant |
GB9516909D0 (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 1995-10-18 | Ici Plc | Refrigerant compositions |
US5993707A (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 1999-11-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Enlarged cell size foams made from blends of alkenyl aromatic polymers and alpha-olefin/vinyl or vinylidene aromatic and/or sterically hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinyl or vinylidene interpolymers |
-
2003
- 2003-11-12 CN CNB2003101086603A patent/CN1233781C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-04-08 EP EP04726414A patent/EP1690910B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-08 WO PCT/CN2004/000320 patent/WO2005047418A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2004-04-08 US US10/577,046 patent/US20070080318A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-08 KR KR1020067009846A patent/KR20060100435A/ko active Search and Examination
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101235275B (zh) * | 2007-11-09 | 2013-01-02 | 中化蓝天集团有限公司 | 一种新型环保型制冷剂 |
CN105820799A (zh) * | 2015-01-05 | 2016-08-03 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | 一种含HFO-1234ze(E)的环保型制冷组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1233781C (zh) | 2005-12-28 |
EP1690910B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
US20070080318A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
WO2005047418A1 (fr) | 2005-05-26 |
EP1690910A4 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
EP1690910A1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
KR20060100435A (ko) | 2006-09-20 |
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