CN1507437A - 具有5-羟色胺5-ht1a活性的支链金刚烷基及降金刚烷基芳基-与芳烷基-哌嗪 - Google Patents
具有5-羟色胺5-ht1a活性的支链金刚烷基及降金刚烷基芳基-与芳烷基-哌嗪 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1507437A CN1507437A CNA008182736A CN00818273A CN1507437A CN 1507437 A CN1507437 A CN 1507437A CN A008182736 A CNA008182736 A CN A008182736A CN 00818273 A CN00818273 A CN 00818273A CN 1507437 A CN1507437 A CN 1507437A
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- Prior art keywords
- phenylmethyl
- compound
- neurodegenerative disorder
- piperazinyl
- alkyl
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- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/42—One nitrogen atom
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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Abstract
本发明提供用来在哺乳动物中提供神经保护以及防止或限制神经变性作用的化合物、其旋光异构体以及其药学上可接受的盐以及使用它们的方法;所述神经变性作用包括阿尔茨海默氏病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、帕金森氏病、艾滋病性痴呆、视网膜疾病、糖尿病性周围神经病、多发性硬化、中风、急性血栓栓塞性中风、局灶性局部缺血、弥漫性局部缺血、一过性局部缺血发作、起因于外科、头的创伤、脊柱创伤、氧不足、胎儿氧不足的局部缺血;所述化合物具有(I)的结构,其中,X是-CH2-或是一个化学键,Y是-(CH2)m-或-(CH2)-O-(CH2)-,m是0或1,n是0或1,R1和R2选自任选取代的芳基或杂芳基。
Description
本申请是由Jone P.Yardley,Horace Fletcher,III,Magid A.Abou-Gharbia以及Wayne E.Childers,Jr.于1999年11月12日提交的、还不知道美国序号的申请的部分继续;后一申请现在尚在待审。
本发明涉及具有5-羟色胺5-HT1A活性的新的支链金刚烷基芳基哌嗪、支链金刚烷基芳烷基哌嗪、支链降金刚烷基(noradamantyl)芳基哌嗪与支链降金刚烷基芳烷基哌嗪。更详细地说,本发明涉及在哺乳动物中提供神经保护和预防、抑制或限制神经变性作用的化合物以及使用它们的方法。
引言
在5-HT1A受体上具有选择性激动剂活性和部分激动剂活性的化合物已作为有效的抗焦虑剂(丁螺环酮,Buspar,美国专利3,717,634)而确立了在市场中的存在。在过去20年期间产生的证据,支持5-HT1A激动剂和部分激动剂可以在治疗一些疾病方面及在治疗前列腺癌方面得到应用的假说;所述的一些疾病例如焦虑、抑郁症、精神分裂症、性机能障碍、起因于像阿尔茨海默氏(Alzheimer’s)病那样的神经变性疾病的认知缺陷、恶心和呕吐、睡眠障碍、疼痛、肥胖、疼痛、瘾/脱瘾(至于近来的综述,参见:Rasmussen,K.和Rocco,V.P.,在5-羟色胺(5-HT)1A受体调节子方面的最新进展,载于Annual Reports in MedicinalChemistry,Volume 30,Bristol,J.A.编辑,Academic Press,New York,1995,第1-9页;Schaus,J.M.和Bymaster,F.P.,在5-羟色胺受体调节方面的最新进展,载于Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry,Volume33,Bristol,J.A.编辑,Academic Press,New York,1998,第21-30页)。
现在,更近的证据表明:在其它疾病状态和病症方面,5-HT1A激动剂和部分激动剂借助于其抑制谷氨酸释放的能力而起作用。可以用5-HT1A激动剂和部分激动剂来治疗由于谷氨酸神经递质系统的机能障碍或谷氨酸的异常释放而引起的病症。
在中枢神经系统中,谷氨酸是主要的神经递质;且它在神经可塑性(neuroplasticity)方面起重要的作用。因此,细胞外过量水平的谷氨酸既与急性神经变性疾病(例如中风、一过性局部缺血发作以及脊柱/脑创伤)的病理生理学有关,又与慢性神经变性疾病(例如癫痫、阿尔茨海默氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、亨廷顿舞蹈病、帕金森氏病、艾滋病性痴呆(AIDS dementia)及视网膜疾病)的病理生理学有关(Holt,W.F.等,就健康与疾病而论的谷氨酸:抑制剂的作用。载于Neuroprotection inCNS Diseases.Bar,P.R.和Beal,M.F.编辑,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,NewYork 1997,第87-119页;Engelsen,B.A等,人类神经病和神经病理学中的兴奋性氨基酸递质的改变。载于Neurotoxicity of Excitatory AminoAcids.Guidotti,A.编辑,Raven Press Ltd.,New York 1990,第311-332页;Ince,P.G.等,神经病学中的兴奋毒性的作用。Res.Contemp.Pharmacother.1997,8,195-212;Meldrum,P.S.作为治疗靶的谷氨酸型突触:前景的展望。Prog.Brain.Res.1998,411-458)。抑制或减弱谷氨酸释放的化合物是潜在的用于治疗局部缺血的神经保护剂,所述局部缺血即由中风、一过性局部缺血发作、脊柱/脑创伤以及胎儿氧不足造成的局部缺血(Koroshetz,W.J.和Moskowitz,M.A.,所出现的对人类中风的治疗。Trends in Pharmacol.Sci 1996,17,227-233;Dunn,C.D.R.中风:倾向、治疗及市场。Scrip Reports,PJB Publications,Richmond1995)。局部缺血也可以起因于必须暂停血流达一段时间的外科手术(例如心脏分流术外科手术),因为所产生的缺氧和低血糖所致(Arrowsmith,J.E.等,在心肺分流术期间的脑神经保护。在171个患者的冠状动脉分流术期间的Remacemide的随机试验,Stroke 1998,29,2357-2362,以及其中所引用的参考文献)。
5-羟色胺5-HT1A受体位于对局部缺血高度敏感的脑区,例如海马和大脑皮层。这种受体亚型的活化导致神经元的超极化和相伴的神经元活性的抑制(DeVry,J.5-HT1A受体的激动剂:最新进展和争论的问题。Psychopharmacology 1995,121,1-26)。而且,已证明了5-HT1A受体的激动剂和部分激动剂能够减弱谷氨酸的释放,很可能是通过位于谷氨酸能(glutamatergic)末端的5-HT1A受体的活化(Matsuyama,S.等,借助于豚鼠齿状回中的NMDA受体和5-HT1A受体的谷氨酸释放的调节。Brain Res.1996,728,175-180);而且,证明了许多5-HT1A的激动剂和部分激动剂在体内发挥神经保护特性(DeVry,J.等,BAY x 3702,Drugs of the Future 1997,22,341-349,以及其中所引用的参考文献)。
因此,除了它的完全确认的潜在治疗应用外,可以将具有5-HT1A激动剂活性或部分激动剂活性的化合物用作神经保护剂以及用作治疗精神病的一种药剂。
临床前模型、神经化学假说以及脑的定位也预示了许多5-羟色胺5-HT1A拮抗剂的潜在治疗靶。这些靶包括在阿尔茨海默氏病中观测到的认知缺陷、焦虑、抑郁症、精神分裂症和尿失禁(有关综述,参见:Schechter,L.E.和Kelly,M G.,5-HT1A受体拮抗剂的概述:历史的观点和治疗靶,载于Serotonin--Current Drugs ID Research Alert 1997,2,299-309)。
发明的描述
按照本发明,提供一组新的化合物、包括它们的对映体;所述化合物具有作为5-羟色胺5-HT1A的激动剂、部分激动剂及拮抗剂的活性。用式I来描述本发明的化合物、其旋光异构体及其药学上可接受的盐;所述式I如下:
其中,
X选自-CH2-或一个化学键;
Y选自-(CH2)m-或-(CH2)-O-(CH2)-;
m选自整数0或1;
n选自整数0或1;
R1和R2独立地选自任选地用以下基团取代的具有5-10个原子的芳基或杂芳基:F、Cl、Br、I、-OH、-NH2、-CO2H、-CO2-C1-C6烷基、-CN、-NO2、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6全卤化烷基、OR3或C1-C6全卤化烷氧基;
R3选自H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C6-C10芳基、单环或双环杂芳基、C7-C14芳烷基以及单环或双环杂芳烷基,其中所述芳基或杂芳基任选地用1-3个独立地选自以下的取代基取代:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、-NH2、-NO2、-OH、烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6全卤化烷基、C1-C6烷氧基及C1-C6全卤化烷氧基。
术语C6-C10芳基包括苯基和萘基。单环杂芳基表示具有1-3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子的5-6元杂芳基,例如吡啶、吡咯、噻吩、呋喃、咪唑、噁唑、嘧啶、哒嗪、吡嗪、噻唑和噁噻唑。双环杂芳基包括与5-6元单环杂芳基稠合的苯基、或与另一个5-6元杂芳基稠合的5-6元杂芳基,它们包括但不限于:吲哚、喹啉、异喹啉、苯并呋喃、苯并二氧杂环己烷、苯并噻吩、苯并咪唑、1,5-二氮杂萘和咪唑并吡啶。术语C7-C14芳烷基意谓着具有一个作为取代基的苯基或萘基的C1-C4烷基,且术语杂芳烷基表示具有一个作为取代基的如上定义的单环杂芳基或双环杂芳基的C1-C4烷基。
下式的那些化合物、其旋光异构体及其药学上可接受的盐属本发明优选化合物之列;所述下式即:
Y选自-(CH2)m-或-(CH2)-O-(CH2)-;
m选自整数0或1;
n选自整数0或1;
R1是任选地用F、Cl、Br、I、-OH、-NH2、-CO2H、-CO2-C1-C6烷基、-CN、-NO2、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6全卤化烷基或C1-C6全卤化烷氧基取代的苯基;
R2选自苯基、萘基、哌嗪基、吡啶、噻吩、呋喃、咪唑、噁唑、吡咯、嘧啶、哒嗪、吡嗪、噻唑或噁噻唑。
本发明更加优选的化合物是具有下式的那些化合物、其旋光异构体或其药学上可接受的盐:
Y选自-CH2-;
m选自整数0或1;
n选自整数0或1;
R1是任选地用F、Cl、Br、I、-OH、-NH2、-CO2H、-CO2-C1-C6烷基、-CN、-NO2、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6全卤化烷基或C1-C6全卤化烷氧基取代的苯基;
R2是苯基或嘧啶基。
运用有机合成领域技术人员已知的常规步骤,可选择性地合成或分离本发明化合物的旋光异构体。
本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐,包括由本发明的化合物与药学上可接受的有机酸或无机酸形成的常规的酸加成盐。所述酸加成盐包括但不限于:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、延胡索酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、磷酸酸盐、半硫酸盐(hemisulfate)、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸酸、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲基磺酸盐、烟酸盐、草酸盐、扑酸盐、果胶酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐以及甲苯磺酸盐。也可以用像低级烷基卤、二烃基硫酸盐、例如月桂基溴的长链卤化物、如同苄基溴和苯乙基溴的芳烷基卤那样的试剂,将碱性的含氮基团季铵化。
本发明的治疗方法包括治疗希望抑制谷氨酸释放的谷氨酸介导的疾病的那些方法。这些方法可以称为用于在哺乳动物中抑制或限制神经元谷氨酸之释放的方法,所述方法包括给予所述哺乳动物(最好是给予病人)药学上有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上有效的盐。
因此,这些化合物在治疗几种疾病方面可能是有用的,所述的几种疾病例如焦虑、抑郁症、精神分裂症、性机能障碍、起因于包括阿尔茨海默氏病的神经变性疾病的认知缺陷、恶心和呕吐、癫痫、睡眠障碍、肥胖、疼痛、瘾/脱瘾、尿失禁、前列腺癌、以及起因于急性中风、一过性局部缺血发作、头和脊柱的创伤、胎儿氧不足、神经元氧不足、心脏外科手术或任何需要暂停血液流动达一段时间的其它外科操作的局部缺血。
本发明的方法也可用于抑制或限制与阿尔茨海默氏病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、帕金森氏病、癫痫、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、艾滋病性痴呆以及视网膜疾病有关的慢性神经变性作用。因此,本发明同样包括对这些疾病中的每种疾病进行治疗的方法,所述方法包括将药学上有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上有效的盐给予需要治疗的哺乳动物。
也可以将本发明的化合物用于介导或抑制与称为慢性神经病性疼痛或持续疼痛的疾病有关的谷氨酸活性;包括其在纤维肌痛、带状疱疹神经痛、反射性交感神经性营养不良、糖尿病性周围神经病等方面的作用。
特别重要的是用本发明化合物来治疗、预防、限制、抑制、延迟或减轻哺乳动物中的神经变性的方法,所述方法包括将药学上有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐给予有需要的哺乳动物。这些方法包括其中神经变性疾病或神经变性紊乱是急性或慢性的所述方法。实例包括起因于中风(包括血栓栓塞性中风)、局灶性局部缺血、弥漫性(global)局部缺血和一过性局部缺血发作的神经变性。也包括例如由涉及流到脑之血流的延长暂停、头或脊柱的创伤、或者氧不足(包括胎儿氧不足)的外科操作引起的局部缺血的那些神经变性紊乱。
就所述化合物在上述疾病的氧不足和局部缺血过程中抑制、预防或限制神经进一步变性的能力而言,也可以将本发明的治疗方法称为用于在哺乳动物中提供神经保护或诱导神经保护的方法,因为所述化合物的活性减少或抑制谷氨酸介导的或与谷氨酸相关的、可能天然发生的变性。
可根据化学领域技术人员众所周知的常规化学方法,或者用商业上可得到的化合物,或者用按照标准文献步骤容易制备的化学药品,来制备式I的化合物。例如,可以按四个步骤(方案1),从已用一个合适的保护基例如叔丁氧羰基(BOC)对氮原子进行保护的合适苯丙氨酸、苯基甘氨酸或者杂芳基取代的丙氨酸或杂芳基取代的甘氨酸开始,来合成所述的化合物。运用一种合适的偶联催化剂例如二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC),将这种物质偶联到适当取代的芳基哌嗪上,从而获得化合物1。在酸性条件下除去该BOC基团,继之以用一种合适的还原剂例如氢化铝锂或硼烷复合物还原,则产生倒数第二的中间体3。随后用一种合适酰化剂例如金刚烷-1-甲酰基氯或降金刚烷基-3-甲酰基氯来酰化3,产生式I的化合物,所述式I的化合物是以可接受盐的形式分离的。
方案1
在R2基团与将中间体2转变成中间体3所需要的还原条件不相容的情况下,可以通过一开始用一个苄基部分保护哌嗪的NH基团,在还原所述酰胺之后引入R2基团(方案2)。然后,可以在催化氢化的条件下除去所述苄基,并将该R2基团引入到所述分子中,从而产生终产物。
合成式I化合物所需要的原材料或者是市场上可买得到的,或者是容易用描述于文献中的常规方法而获得的。没打算上面描述的制备方法成为限制性的,而该方法仅仅是说明性的,因为对化学领域技术人员来说,制备式I化合物的其它方法可能是显而易见的。例如,虽然为数众多的N-保护的氨基酸是市场上可买得到的,但另一方面,运用文献中充分描述的常规方法,可以把保护基引入到氨基酸上。在合成的第一个步骤中,可以用其它的保护基例如苄氧羰基(CBZ)来保护所述氮基团; 且许多其它的偶联催化剂可用来完成该反应。一旦完成了偶联,则使中间体1的胺基团去保护所需要的恰当试剂将取决于所用的保护基以及存在于该分子中的取代基。除了氢化铝锂(LAH)或硼烷外的其它还原剂可用来完成中间体2的还原。最后,按照在方案1描述的通用方法,用许多种可允许的酰化衍生物中的一种,或通过使用金刚烷基羧酸或降金刚烷基羧酸和一种合适的偶联催化剂,可完成酰基金刚烷基或酰基降金刚烷基的引入;所述的酰化衍生物包括但不限于:酰基卤(例如酰基氯)、酐以及活化的酯和酰胺。
方案2
由于为数众多的手性纯氨基酸和被护氨基酸或者是市场上可买得到的,或者是文献中已知的;因而通过用手性纯原材料开始所述的合成,可立体有择地获得式I化合物的纯的旋光异构体。另一方面,用合成化学领域技术人员众所周知的常规分离方法,可获得式I化合物的旋光异构体。这些方法包括但不限于:非对映体盐混合物的结晶、酶促拆分、在手性柱上层析分离中间体中的一种或终产物、或者形成并分离非对映混合物然后转变回手性纯物质。
仅仅为了说明的目的而包括下面的实施例,决不能认为下面的实施例是对本说明书的限制。
实施例1
(R)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]
三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺二盐酸盐二水合物
(R)-苯丙氨酸-N-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]甲酰胺二盐酸盐
将D-苯丙氨酸-N-叔丁氧基甲酰胺(13.25 g,50mmol)和1-苄基哌嗪(8.8g,50mmol)溶于125ml无水二氯甲烷中,且在冰浴中将其冷却。然后在45分钟期间,用溶于50ml无水二氯甲烷中的氰基膦酸二乙酯(diethylcyanophosphonate)(8.97g,55mmol)溶液处理搅拌的所述混合物。然后,在1小时期间,添加溶于50ml无水二氯甲烷中的N-甲基吗啉(5.55g,55mmol)溶液。将所产生的反应混合物搅拌过夜,在这段时间期间,该混合物之温度上升至室温。然后用100ml 10%的碳酸钾水溶液洗涤该溶液,于无水硫酸钠上将该溶液干燥,并在一台旋转式汽化器上将其浓缩;从而产生26克的粗制中间体BOC-(R)-苯丙氨酸-N-4-(苄基-1-哌嗪基)甲酰胺。把这种油状物溶于200ml二氯甲烷中,并用4.6N的、溶于乙酸乙酯(350ml)中的HCl溶液处理。在室温搅拌达1小时之后(此时,CO2的放出停止),添加250ml无水乙醚。所需(R)-苯丙氨酸-N-[(4-苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]甲酰胺的二盐酸盐(18.9g,95%)沉淀出来,且通过过滤将其分离;用乙醚洗涤,并在真空中将其干燥。mp=140-150℃;[α-D]25=-3.7°(c=1,MeOH);MS m/z=323(M+)。
(R)-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[(4-苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]胺
在氮气环境下,伴随着搅拌,将溶于230ml 1M甲硼烷/四氢呋喃中的(R)-苯丙氨酸-N-[(4-苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]甲酰胺二盐酸盐(18.8g,47.4mmol)的溶液回流4小时。在冰浴中将所产生的混合物冷却,并通过慢慢加入150ml 2N的盐酸水溶液而猝灭。然后,伴随着搅拌将所产生的混合物回流过夜。在减压下除去四氢呋喃。用5份50ml的二氯甲烷洗涤该滤液,然后用50%的氢氧化钠水溶液使它成为强碱性的。然后用三份100ml的二氯甲烷萃取所产生的碱性混合物。在无水硫酸钠上干燥合并的有机层,并在一台旋转式汽化器上将其浓缩;从而产生作为一种黄色油状物的所需(R)-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[(4-苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]胺(17.1g,95%),所述的黄色油状物不经进一步的纯化而被使用。用乙酸乙酯/HCl将这种油状物的样品转变成三盐酸盐倍半水合物供特性鉴定:m.p.=183-185℃;[α-D]25=-27.7(c=1,MeOH);MS m/z=309(M+)。
对C20H25N3O·3HCl·1H2O的分析
计算值:C:53.83;H:7.40;N:9.42
实测值:C:54.22;H:7.11;N:9.24。
(R)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺二盐酸盐二水合物
在30分钟期间,随着搅拌,往溶于60ml无水二氯甲烷的1-金刚烷羧酸(5.1g,50mmol)和(R)-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[(4-苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]胺(9.6g,25mmol)的冰冷溶液中加入氰基膦酸二乙酯(4.1g,25mmol)。一完成添加,就加入甲基吗啉(2.53 g,25mmol),并将所产生的混合物搅拌过夜;在这段时间期间,该混合物之温度上升至室温。然后用100ml 10%的碳酸钾水溶液洗涤该反应混合物,继之以用100ml水将其洗涤。在无水硫酸钠上将所产生的有机层干燥,并在一台旋转式汽化器上将其浓缩。用乙酸乙酯和己烷的梯度,通过在硅胶上层析,来分离所需产物29;然后用盐酸/乙酸乙酯将其转变成它的二盐酸盐二水合物(6.30g,44%):mp=261-263℃;[α-D]25=-12.5°(c=1,MeOH);CIMSm/z=472(MH+)。
对C31H41N3O·2HCl·2H2O的分析
计算值:C:64.12;H:8.16;N:7.24
实测值:C:63.92;H:8.30;N:6.90。
实施例2
(S)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]
三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺二盐酸盐二水合物
从L-苯丙氨酸-N-叔丁氧基甲酰胺开始,运用一种与对于实施例1的合成所描述的程序一样的合成程序,来制备(S)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺。以9%的总收率,分离出作为其二盐酸盐二水合物的所述化合物:mp 263-266℃;[α-D]25=+11.3(c=1.03,MeOH);CIMS m/z=472(MH+)。
对C31H41N3O·2HCl·2H2O的分析
计算值:C:64.12;H:8.16;N:7.24
实测值:C:64.13;H:7.86;N:7.27。
实施例3
(R)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-嘧啶基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]
三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺半水合物
在36psi的压强下,于一台Parr摇动器上,经在200ml乙醇中的10%Pd/C(1克),将实施例1的化合物(4.5g,7.84mmol)氢化过夜。通过经由硅藻土(Celite)的过滤而除去该催化剂,且在一台旋转式汽化器上浓缩该混合物,从而产生作为油状物的粗制的(R)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-嘧啶基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺(2.8g)。将这种油状物溶于50ml无水二甲基甲酰胺中。向搅拌的该溶液中加入2-氯嘧啶(1.05g,9.2mmol)、无水碳酸钾(12.4g,90mmol)、以及三乙胺(1ml);并将所产生的混合物于70℃加热过夜。在一台旋转式汽化器上除去二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),并用水研磨残余物。用水洗涤所产生的沉淀,并将其风干,且从50%的含水甲醇中重结晶出来;产生作为半水合物的所需化合物:mp=172-175℃;[-D]25=-9.7°(c=1.07,MeOH);CIMS m/z=460(MH+)。
对C28H35N5O·H2O的分析
计算值:C:71.76;H:8.17;N:14.95
实测值:C:71.90;H:8.02;N:14.82。
实施例4
(S)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-嘧啶基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]
三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺
从实施例2的化合物开始,运用一种与对于实施例3的合成所描述的程序一样的合成程序,来制备(S)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-嘧啶基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺。以78%的总收率,分离出所述化合物:mp=172-175℃;[α-D]25=+7.20(c=1.03,MeOH);CIMS m/z=460(MH+)。
对C28H37N5O的分析
计算值:C:73.17;H:8.11;N:15.24
实测值:C:72.87;H:7.90;N:15.00。
实施例5
(R)-N-[1-((苯基甲氧基)甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]
三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺二盐酸盐二水合物
从D-O-苄基丝氨酸-N-叔丁氧基甲酰胺开始,运用一种和对于实施例1的合成所描述的程序一样的合成程序,来制备(R)-N-[1-((苯基甲氧基)-甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]-三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺。用乙酸乙酯/盐酸将它转变成其二盐酸盐二水合物;并且以5%的总收率,分离出所述化合物:mp 140-142℃;[α-D]25=+19.0(c=0.98,MeOH);CIMS m/z=502(MH+)。
对C32H43N3O2·2HCl·2H2O的分析
计算值:C:62.94;H:8.08;N:6.88
实测值:C:62.74;H:8.07;N:6.86。
实施例6
(R)-金刚烷-1-羧酸[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-哌嗪基]
乙基]-酰胺半富马酸盐半水合物
(R)-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-2-氧代-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯
在氮气环境下,向溶于无水二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)中的D-苯丙氨酸-N-叔丁氧基甲酰胺(10.0g,37.7mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(8.66g,64.1mmol)和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(7.20g,37.7mmol)的0℃溶液中,加入1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-哌嗪(9.50g,41.5mmol),继之以添加N-甲基吗啉(7.62g,75.4mmol)。在氮气下,将所产生的混合物搅拌过夜;在这段时间期间,该混合物之温度上升至室温。用乙酸乙酯稀释该反应混合物,然后,用0.1N的盐酸、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液以及饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。在无水硫酸钠上干燥所合并的有机层,并在减压下将其浓缩;产生作为黄色油状物的纯得足以不经进一步纯化而使用的所需产物(16.57g,99%的收率):[α-D]25=-9.0(c=1,MeOH);MS m/z=439(M+)。
对C25H33N3O4的分析
计算值:C:68.31;H:7.57;N:9.56
实测值:C:68.09;H:7.17;N:9.46。
(R)-1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]乙胺
在室温下,搅拌一种溶于二噁烷(150ml)/4N盐酸(150ml)混合物中的(R)-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-2-氧代-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯溶液达6小时。然后,在减压下浓缩这反应混合物,并用乙醚萃取这种含水的混合物。在无水硫酸钠上干燥所合并的有机萃取物,并在减压下将其浓缩;产生作为灰白色固体的所需(R)-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]胺盐酸盐(14.0g,100%的收率);所述化合物不经进一步纯化而用于下一个步骤中。
在氮气环境下,向溶于无水四氢呋喃(150ml)的(R)-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]胺盐酸盐(14g,37.3mmol)和三乙胺(7.53g,74.6mmol)的溶液中,逐滴加入溶于四氢呋喃(131ml,130.6mmol)的1M甲硼烷溶液。在回流下搅拌所产生的混合物达3小时,然后,让该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用2N的盐酸水溶液(300ml)处理所产生的混合物达2小时,并分离水层和有机层。用乙酸乙酯洗涤酸性水层,用50%的氢氧化钠水溶液使所述水层成为碱性的,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。用饱和的氯化钠水溶液洗涤所合并的有机层,在无水硫酸钠上将其干燥,且在减压下将其浓缩。分离作为灰白色固体的所需产物:m.p.=95-97℃;[α-D]25=-36.7(c=1,MeOH);FAB MS m/z=326(MH+)。
对C20H27N3O的分析
计算值:C:73.80;H:8.37;N:12.77
实测值:C:73.15;H:8.34;N:12.68。
(R)-金刚烷-1-羧酸[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-哌嗪基]乙基]-酰胺半富马酸盐半水合物
在0℃于氮气环境下,向溶于无水二氯甲烷(15ml)的(R)-1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1-哌嗪基)乙基]胺(0.25g,0.77mmol)和三乙胺(0.16g,1.54mmol)的溶液中,加入溶于二氯甲烷(5ml)的1-金刚烷甲酰氯(0.17g,0.84mmol)的溶液。在氮气下,让所产生的溶液搅拌过夜,在这段时间期间,该溶液之温度上升至室温。然后在减压下浓缩该反应混合物,用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用水洗涤。在无水硫酸钠上干燥有机层,并在减压下将其浓缩。通过在硅胶上的快速层析(乙酸乙酯/己烷)来纯化所需产物;并用富马酸/乙醇将所需产物转变成其半富马酸盐半水合物,从而产生0.30克(71%的收率)作为白色固体的所述产物:m.p.=153-155℃;[α-D]25=-9.0(c=1,MeOH);MS m/z=487(M+)。
对C31H41N3O2·C4O4·H2O的分析
计算值:C:71.45;H:8.00;N:7.57
实测值:C:71.26;H:8.05;N:7.42。
实施例7
(S)-金刚烷-1-羧酸[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-哌嗪基]
乙基]-酰胺半富马酸盐水合物
从L-苯丙氨酸-N-叔丁氧基甲酰胺开始,运用一种与对于实施例6的合成所描述的程序一样的合成程序,来制备这种化合物。总收率为61%,且分离作为半富马酸盐水合物的该化合物(一种灰白色固体):m.p.=157-159℃;[α-D]25=+9.5(c=1,MeOH);FAB MS m/z=488(MH+)。
对C31H41N3O2·C4O4·H2O的分析
计算值:C:70.31;H:8.05;N:7.45
实测值:C:70.21;H:8.04;N:7.11。
体内的数据
按照美国专利5,482,940中描述的方法,通过测定试验化合物从大鼠海马膜匀浆中的受体复合物上的[3H]-8-OH-DPAT结合位点置换[3H]-8-OH-DPAT的能力,来确定对5-羟色胺5-HT1A受体的亲和力。本发明的化合物显示了对5-HT1A受体的高度亲和性,由表1中给出的数据说明了这一点。
表1
实施例 | 5-HT1A的亲和力(IC50) | 5-HT1A激动剂活性(GTPS)%激动剂 EC50活性 | 5-HT1A拮抗剂活性(GTPS)%拮抗剂 EC50活性 | ||
1234567 | 2.3nM0.70nM0.43nM1.0nM62nM0.21nM0.70nM | 51%100%99%49%76%85% | 21nM2.0nM2.4nM77nM2.0nM2.0nM | 100% | 36 nM |
按照Lazerino和Birdsall描述之方法(Br.J.Pharmacol.,109,1120(1993))的一种变更方法,根据试验化合物刺激[35S]-GTP S结合到用人5-HT1A受体稳定转染的CHO细胞中的5-HT1A受体-G蛋白复合物上的能力来测定,本发明的某些化合物显示出5-羟色胺5-HT1A的激动剂活性。在表1中给出了数据。数据以与用5-HT1A完全激动剂8-OH-DPAT而得到的效力相比较的、所观测到的激动剂活性的百分数以及相应的EC50值来表示。正如从表1可看到的,本发明的化合物是在GTP S分析中显示出激动剂活性和部分激动剂活性的强有力的5-HT1A配体。
按照Lazerino和Birdsall描述之方法(Br.J.Pharmacol.,109,1120(1993))的一种变更方法,根据试验化合物阻断刺激[35S]-GTP S结合到用人5-HT1A受体稳定转染的CHO细胞中由5-HT1A完全激动剂8-OH-DPAT诱导的5-HT1A受体-G蛋白复合物上的能力来测定,本发明化合物中的某些显示出5-羟色胺5-HT1A拮抗剂活性。在表1中给出了数据。正如从表1可看到的,本发明化合物中的某些是在GTP S分析中显示出拮抗剂活性的强有力的5-HT1A配体。
这些活性使本发明的化合物可用于治疗一些疾病,例如焦虑、抑郁症、精神分裂症、性机能障碍、起因于像阿尔茨海默氏病那样的神经变性疾病的认知缺陷、恶心和呕吐、癫痫、睡眠障碍、肥胖、疼痛、瘾/脱瘾、尿失禁、前列腺癌、以及起因于以下原因的局部缺血:急性中风、一过性局部缺血发作、头和脊柱的创伤、胎儿氧不足、心脏外科手术或任何需要暂停血液流动达一段时间的其它外科操作以及例如阿尔茨海默氏病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、帕金森氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、艾滋病性痴呆及视网膜疾病的慢性神经变性疾病。
药用组合物
本发明也包括药用组合物;所述组合物包括药学有效量的一种或更多种本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,且包括一种或更多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。这些化合物的药学有效量将被认为是提供有效程度的神经保护的量或者是治疗、抑制或限制上述神经变性的量。就人类而论,每天可以给予大约100mg至大约1500mg的日剂量,优选每天给予大约300mg和大约1,200mg之间的日剂量,且更优选每天给予大约500mg和大约1,000mg之间的日剂量。可以以一次给予的方式、或以分成许多剂供按时序给予的方式,来给予这些剂量。
可以口服或非肠道给予纯的或与常规药用载体组合在一起的本发明化合物。可应用的固体载体可包括一种或更多种也可以用作调味剂、润滑剂、加溶剂、悬浮剂、填料、助流剂、压缩助剂、粘合剂、片剂崩解剂或包胶材料的物质。就粉剂而言,该载体为一种与细碎的有效成分相混合的细碎固体。就片剂而言,以合适的比例将所述有效成分与一种具有必需的压缩特性的载体混合,并按所需形状和大小将其压制。所述粉剂和片剂可含有多达99%的有效成分。合适的固体载体包括:例如磷酸钙、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、糖、乳糖、糊精、淀粉、明胶、纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷、低熔点蜡以及离子交换树脂。在制备溶液、悬浮液、乳状液、糖浆和酏剂方面,可以使用液体载体。可以将本发明的有效成分溶解或悬浮于药学上可接受的液体载体中,所述液体载体例如水、一种有机溶剂、两者的混合物或者药学上可接受的油或脂肪。所述液体载体可包含其它合适的药用添加剂,例如加溶剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、甜味剂、调味剂、悬浮剂、增稠剂、着色剂、粘度调节剂、稳定剂或渗透调节剂。用于口服和非肠道给予的液体载体的合适实例包括水(尤其是包含如上所述的添加剂例如纤维素衍生物,所述纤维素衍生物最好是羧甲基纤维素钠)、醇(包括一元醇和多元醇,例如二元醇)及其衍生物、以及油(例如分馏的椰子油和花生油)。对于非肠道给予,该载体也可以是一种油状的酯,例如油酸乙酯和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。在用于非肠道给予的无菌液体形式的组合物中,使用无菌的液体载体。例如通过肌内注射、腹膜内注射或皮下注射,可使用作为无菌溶液或悬浮液的液体药用组合物。也可以静脉内给予无菌溶液。口服给予可以或者以液体形式、或者以固体组合物的形式。含有本发明化合物的药用组合物最好是以单位剂量型,例如,作为片剂或胶囊的形式。以这样的形式,将所述组合物再分成包含适量的有效成分的单位剂量。所述的单位剂型可以是包装的组合物,例如包装的粉剂、管形瓶、安瓿、预先填充的注射器或含有液体的小药囊。另一方面,所述单位剂型可以例如是一种胶囊或片剂本身;或者它可以是包装形式的适当数量的任何这样的组合物。必须由主治医师凭主观确定用于治疗具体疾病或病症的治疗有效量。所涉及的可变因数包括治疗的具体病症和患者的身材大小、年龄以及反应方式。
可以在不离开本发明精神及其基本特征的情况下,以其它具体形式来体现本发明,且因此应该参照表明本发明范围的所附的权利要求书,而不是以上的说明书。
Claims (39)
1.式I的化合物以及其旋光异构体或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中,
X选自-CH2-或一个化学键;
Y选自-(CH2)m-或-(CH2)-O-(CH2)-;
m选自整数0或1;
n选自整数0或1;
R1和R2独立地选自任选地用以下基团取代的具有5-10个原子的芳基或杂芳基:F、Cl、Br、I、-OH、-NH2、-CO2H、-CO2-C1-C6烷基、-CN、-NO2、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6全卤化烷基、OR3或C1-C6全卤化烷氧基;
R3选自H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C6-C10芳基、单环或双环杂芳基、C7-C14芳烷基以及单环或双环杂芳烷基,其中所述芳基或杂芳基任选地用1-3个独立地选自以下的取代基取代:F、Cl、Br、I、CN、-NH2、-NO2、-OH、烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6全卤化烷基、C1-C6烷氧基和C1-C6全卤化烷氧基。
2.具有下式的权利要求1的化合物以及其旋光异构体或其药学上可接受的盐:
Y选自-(CH2)m-或-(CH2)-O-(CH2)-;
m选自整数0或1;
n选自整数0或1;
R1是任选地用F、Cl、Br、I、-OH、-NH2、-CO2H、-CO2-C1-C6烷基、-CN、-NO2、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6全卤化烷基或C1-C6全卤化烷氧基取代的苯基;
R2选自苯基、萘基、哌嗪基、吡啶、噻吩、呋喃、咪唑、噁唑、吡咯、嘧啶、哒嗪、吡嗪、噻唑或噁噻唑。
4.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(R)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺二盐酸盐二水合物。
5.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(R)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环-[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺二盐酸盐二水合物。
6.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(S)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺二盐酸盐二水合物。
7.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(R)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-嘧啶基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺半水合物。
8.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(S)-N-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-嘧啶基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺。
9.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(R)-N-[1-((苯基甲氧基)甲基)-2-[4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]三环-[3.3.1.13,7)]-癸烷-1-甲酰胺二盐酸盐二水合物。
10.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(R)-金刚烷-1-羧酸[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-哌嗪基]乙基]-酰胺半富马酸盐半水合物。
11.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(R)-[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-2-氧代-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
12.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(R)-金刚烷-1-羧酸[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-哌嗪基]乙基]-酰胺半富马酸盐半水合物。
13.一种权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为(S)-金刚烷-1-羧酸[1-(苯基甲基)-2-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-哌嗪基]乙基]-酰胺半富马酸盐半水合物。
14.一种用于治疗神经变性病症的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药用盐给予需要所述治疗的患者。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是慢性的。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是阿尔茨海默氏病。
17.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是亨廷顿舞蹈病。
18.权利要求14的方法,其中所述神经变性病症是帕金森氏病。
19.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是艾滋病性痴呆。
20.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是视网膜疾病。
21.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是癫痫。
22.权利要求14的方法,其中所述神经变性病症是肌萎缩性侧索硬化。
23.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是急性的。
24.权利要求23的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是中风。
25.权利要求24的方法,其中所述中风是急性血栓栓塞性中风。
26.权利要求24的方法,其中所述的中风是局灶性局部缺血。
27.权利要求24的方法,其中所述的中风是弥漫性局部缺血。
28.权利要求24的方法,其中所述中风是一过性局部缺血发作。
29.权利要求14的方法,其中,所述神经变性病症是起因于外科操作的局部缺血,所述外科操作涉及流向脑的血流的延长暂停。
30.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是头部创伤。
31.权利要求14的方法,其中所述神经变性病症是脊柱创伤。
32.权利要求14的方法,其中所述的神经变性病症是氧不足。
33.权利要求32的方法,其中所述氧不足是胎儿氧不足。
34.一种神经保护的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐给予需要神经保护的患者。
35.一种治疗慢性疼痛的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药用盐给予需要所述治疗的患者。
36.权利要求35的方法,其中所述的疼痛是糖尿病性周围神经病。
37.一种用于治疗神经变性病症的权利要求1至13中任一项的化合物。
38.权利要求1至13中任一项的化合物的用途,用于生产治疗神经变性病症的药物。
39.一种药用组合物,所述组合物包括与一种药学上可接受的载体组合在一起的、权利要求1至13中任一项的化合物。
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US5519025A (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-05-21 | American Home Products Corporation | 4-indolylpiperazinyl derivatives |
EP0900792B1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2003-10-29 | Duphar International Research B.V | Piperazine and piperidine derivatives as 5-HT1A and dopamine D2-receptor (ant)agonists |
CN1342152A (zh) * | 1999-03-02 | 2002-03-27 | 美国家用产品公司 | N-取代的具有5-羟色胺能活性的酰亚胺衍生物 |
AU3247800A (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-09-21 | American Home Products Corporation | New diazole derivatives as serotonergic agents |
-
2000
- 2000-11-06 AU AU14680/01A patent/AU1468001A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-06 CA CA002390524A patent/CA2390524A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-06 JP JP2001536533A patent/JP2003517468A/ja active Pending
- 2000-11-06 WO PCT/US2000/030529 patent/WO2001034586A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-11-06 EP EP00976980A patent/EP1276731A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-11-06 CN CNA008182736A patent/CN1507437A/zh active Pending
- 2000-11-06 BR BR0015539-0A patent/BR0015539A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-06-11 ZA ZA200204683A patent/ZA200204683B/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-02-20 US US10/783,109 patent/US6828324B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6828324B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 |
US20040162430A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
JP2003517468A (ja) | 2003-05-27 |
WO2001034586A3 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
CA2390524A1 (en) | 2001-05-17 |
EP1276731A2 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
BR0015539A (pt) | 2002-07-16 |
WO2001034586A2 (en) | 2001-05-17 |
AU1468001A (en) | 2001-06-06 |
ZA200204683B (en) | 2003-10-15 |
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