CN1527814A - 氧化氮合酶抑制剂磷酸盐 - Google Patents
氧化氮合酶抑制剂磷酸盐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1527814A CN1527814A CNA018227066A CN01822706A CN1527814A CN 1527814 A CN1527814 A CN 1527814A CN A018227066 A CNA018227066 A CN A018227066A CN 01822706 A CN01822706 A CN 01822706A CN 1527814 A CN1527814 A CN 1527814A
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Abstract
一种式(I)化合物,即(2S)-2-氨基-4-{[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]硫基}丁酸磷酸盐或其溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物,该化合物用作诱导型氧化氮合酶的相对非吸湿性的选择性抑制剂。
Description
本发明涉及新型脒基化合物、其制备方法、包含所述化合物的药用组合物以及它们的治疗用途,尤其是其作为诱导型氧化氮合酶选择性抑制剂的用途。
氧化氮是可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶的内源性刺激剂,参与许多生物作用。此外,认为氧化氮过量产生与许多病症有关,包括败血症休克和许多炎症性疾病。氧化氮合酶催化L-精氨酸生物合成氧化氮。已经介绍许多氧化氮合酶抑制剂并建议将其用于治疗用途。
最近,该领域的目标在于获得相对于内皮型氧化氮合酶(eNOS)对诱导型氧化氮合酶(iNOS)或神经元型氧化氮合酶(nNOS)具有选择性的氧化氮合酶抑制剂。
因此,WO98/30537介绍了下式的选择性NO合酶抑制剂或其盐、溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物。
根据WO98/30537,合适的盐包括与有机和无机的酸或碱生成的盐。药学上可接受的酸加成盐包括与以下酸形成的盐:盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、磷酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、醋酸、三氟醋酸、丁二酸、乙二酸、富马酸、马来酸、丁酮二酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸和羟乙磺酸。药学上可接受的碱盐包括铵盐、碱金属盐(例如钠盐和钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如钙盐和镁盐)以及与有机碱(例如二环己基胺和N-甲基-D-葡糖胺)形成的盐。用盐酸盐作了举例说明,并且认为是吸湿性盐。
本发明寻求提供一种选择性iNOS抑制剂,它的吸湿性显著小于例如WO98/30537中所举例子盐酸盐。
我们现已发现在WO98/30537范围内的选择性iNOS抑制剂,并且具有包括相对非吸湿性等多种优点。相对非吸湿性的化合物很有用,因为不容易从空气中吸收水分,所以很容易分离、配制和加工。
根据本发明,提供一种式(I)化合物或其溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物。
因此,本发明提供(2S)-2-氨基-4-{[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]硫基}丁酸磷酸盐或其溶剂化物(优选水合物)或生理学功能衍生物。本发明包括该化合物的所有多晶体。优选每一分子式(I)化合物与至少一分子水结合,例如与1、2或3分子水、尤其是1或3分子水结合。在一个特别优选方面,本发明提供(2S)-2-氨基-4-{[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]硫基}丁酸磷酸盐的(1∶1)水合物。
本领域技术人员能够理解磷酸存在一种以上形式。本发明上下文中优选使用的形式为正磷酸。
优选在25℃、相对湿度60%以下时基本不潮解(即快速吸收空气中水分)的式(I)化合物。更优选在25℃、相对湿度70%以下时基本不潮解的式(I)化合物。
优选在25℃、相对湿度70%以下时吸收水分的质量变化不超过5%w/w的式(I)化合物。更优选在25℃、相对湿度70%以下时吸收水分的质量变化不超过2%w/w的式(I)化合物。最优选在25℃、相对湿度70%以下时吸收水分的质量变化不超过1%w/w的式(I)化合物。
适合医学应用的式(I)化合物的溶剂化物为结合药学上可接受的溶剂的那些化合物。但是,结合非药学上可接受的溶剂的溶剂化物也包含在本发明范围内,例如在制备式(I)化合物、其溶剂化物和生理学功能衍生物中用作中间体。
术语“生理学功能衍生物”是指具有与式(I)化合物相同的生理功能的式(I)化合物衍生物,例如通过在体内转化为式(I)化合物。根据本发明,生理学功能衍生物的例子包括酯、酰胺以及氨基甲酸酯,优选酯和酰胺。
式(I)化合物的药学上可接受的酯和酰胺可能具有可转化为C1-6烷基、芳基、芳基C1-6烷基、或氨基酸酯或酰胺的酸基。式(I)化合物的药学上可接受的酰胺和氨基甲酸酯可能具有可转化为C1-6烷基、芳基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨基酸酰胺或氨基甲酸酯的氨基。
如上所述,式(I)化合物为NO合酶抑制剂。WO98/30537概括地证明了下式化合物或其盐、溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物为NO合酶抑制剂:
没有以磷酸盐举例说明。
上述式(I)化合物及其药学上可接受的溶剂化物和生理学功能衍生物可用于预防或治疗需要氧化氮合酶抑制剂尤其是诱导型氧化氮合酶抑制剂的临床病症。所述病症包括炎症性疾病、休克状态、免疫性疾病和胃肠道动力性疾病。上述式(I)化合物及其药学上可接受的溶剂化物和生理学功能衍生物也可以用于预防或治疗中枢神经系统疾病,包括偏头痛和代谢性疾病(包括异常脂血症)。
休克状态是指氧化氮过量产生引起的状态,例如败血症休克、出血性休克、创伤性休克或暴发型肝衰竭引起的休克或者以下治疗引起的休克:TNF、IL-1和IL-2等细胞因子治疗或者细胞因子诱导剂(例如5,6-二甲基呫吨酮醋酸)治疗。
炎症性疾病和免疫性疾病的实例包括以下疾病:关节免疫性疾病、尤其是免疫性关节炎(例如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、假体关节衰竭)、胃肠道免疫性疾病(例如溃疡性结肠炎、节段性回肠炎和其它炎症性肠病、感染引起的胃炎和粘膜炎症、非甾体抗炎药引起的肠病)、呼吸道免疫性疾病(例如成人呼吸窘迫综合征、哮喘、囊性纤维化、上呼吸道炎症性疾病(例如鼻炎,如过敏性鼻炎)或慢性阻塞性肺病)、心脏免疫性疾病(例如心肌炎)、神经组织免疫性疾病(例如多发性硬化)、胰腺免疫性疾病(例如糖尿病及其并发症)、肾脏免疫性疾病(例如肾小球肾炎)、皮肤免疫性疾病(例如皮炎、牛皮癣、湿疹、荨麻疹)、眼免疫性疾病(例如青光眼)、器官移植免疫性疾病(例如排斥反应)、多器官疾病(例如系统性红斑狼疮)和病毒或细菌感染引起的炎症性疾病。
此外,有证据显示,动脉粥样硬化以及例如脑或缺血性心脏病低氧或缺血性损伤(再灌注或没有再灌注)后存在诱导型氧化氮合酶引起的氧化氮过量产生。
胃肠道动力性疾病包括肠梗阻,例如术后肠梗阻和败血症肠梗阻。
中枢神经系统疾病是指涉及过量产生氧化氮的中枢神经系统疾病,例如偏头痛、精神病、焦虑症、精神分裂症、睡眠紊乱、脑缺血、CNS创伤、癫痫、多发性硬化、AIDS型痴呆、慢性神经变性性疾病(例如Lewy Body痴呆、亨廷顿舞蹈病、帕金森氏病或阿耳茨海默氏病)、急性和慢性疼痛以及可能与非肾上腺素非胆碱能神经有关的病症如阴茎异常勃起、肥胖和饮食过多。
急性疼痛的实例包括骨骼肌疼痛、术后疼痛和手术疼痛。慢性疼痛的实例包括慢性炎症疼痛(例如类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎)、神经疾病性疼痛(例如带状疱疹后神经痛、糖尿病性神经系统疾病、三叉神经痛、功能性肠病性疼痛例如过敏性大肠综合症、非心脏性胸痛和交感持续性疼痛)以及癌症和纤维肌痛性疼痛。
过量产生的氧化氮通过影响引起高甘油三酯血症的脂蛋白脂酶活性而与代谢性疾病有关。诱导型氧化氮合酶选择性抑制剂可用于涉及氧化氮过量产生的代谢性疾病,例如异常脂血症。
此外,抑制氧化氮合酶可能具有以下方面的作用:防止HIV感染性淋巴细胞减少、增加肿瘤在放疗时的放射敏感性以及抑制肿瘤生长、肿瘤发展、血管生成、肿瘤转移。
因此,本发明提供一种预防或治疗哺乳动物(例如人)的需要氧化氮合酶抑制剂抑制剂(例如iNOS抑制剂)的临床疾病的方法,所述方法包括给予治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物。本发明特别提供一种预防或治疗炎性疾病和/或免疫疾病(例如关节炎、过敏性鼻炎或哮喘)的方法。本发明的更优选方面是提供预防或治疗选自疼痛、偏头痛、肠梗阻和过敏性大肠综合症的临床疾病的方法。
在另一方面,本发明还提供式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物,该化合物用于医学治疗、尤其用于预防或治疗哺乳动物(例如人)的需要氧化氮合酶抑制剂抑制剂(例如iNOS抑制剂)的临床疾病的方法。本发明特别提供用于预防或治疗炎性疾病和/或免疫疾病(例如关节炎、过敏性鼻炎或哮喘)的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物。本发明的更优选方面是提供用于预防或治疗选自疼痛、偏头痛、肠梗阻和过敏性大肠综合症的临床疾病的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物。
当然,达到治疗效果的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物的必需用量根据具体化合物、给药途径、所治疗的患者、所治疗的具体病症或疾病变化。本发明化合物可以口服用药或注射用药,剂量范围为0.001-200mg/kg/天、优选0.01-20mg/kg/天。成人的剂量范围通常为0.1mg/天-10g/天、优选1mg/天-1g/天。以分散单位提供的片剂或其它形式可以方便地包含有效量本发明化合物,所述有效量为上述剂量或多个相同剂量单位,例如含0.1mg-500mg、通常约1mg-200mg的剂量单位。
虽然式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物可以单独用药,但是优选以药用制剂形式用药。
因此,本发明还提供药用制剂,该药用制剂包括式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物和药学上可接受的载体或赋型剂并任选一种或多种其它治疗成分。
本发明还提供式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物在制备用于预防或治疗需要氧化氮合酶抑制剂(例如iNOS抑制剂)的临床疾病例如炎性疾病和/或免疫疾病(例如关节炎、过敏性鼻炎或哮喘)的药物中的用途。在进一步优选方面,本发明提供式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物在制备用于预防或治疗选自疼痛、偏头痛、肠梗阻和过敏性大肠综合症的临床疾病的药物中的用途。
在下文中,术语“活性成分”是指式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物。
制剂包括适合以下用药途径的制剂:口服、胃肠外(包括皮下、真皮内、肌内、静脉内和关节内)、吸入(包括微细颗粒的粉剂或将不同类型计量量压入气溶胶、雾化器或吹入器制备的烟雾剂)、直肠以及局部(包括皮肤、口腔、舌下和眼内),虽然最适合的用药途径可能依赖例如接受者的健康状况和疾病类型。制剂可以方便地以单位剂型出现,并且可以用药学领域众所周知的任何方法制备。所有方法包括将活性成分与一种或多种辅助成分组成的载体结合的步骤。通常,制剂的制备通过将活性成分与液体载体或微细固体载体或这两种载体均匀、紧密地结合,然后如果需要可使产品成型为所需的制剂。
本发明适合口服的制剂可以为分散单位,例如胶囊、扁囊剂或片剂,每个单位含有预先确定数量的活性成分;为散剂或颗粒剂;为溶液剂或在水性液体或非水性液体中的混悬剂;或水包油的液体乳剂或油包水的液体乳剂。活性成份也可以为大丸剂、干药糖剂或粘贴。
可以任选与一种或多种辅助成分压缩或模塑制备片剂。在合适的机器上将自由流动形式(例如粉末或颗粒)的活性成分任选与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、润滑剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合压缩制备压缩片剂。在合适的机器将用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉状化合物的混合物模塑制备模塑片剂。片剂可以任选包衣或刻痕,并且可以配制为缓慢或控制释放其中活性成分的片剂。
胃肠外用药的制剂包括水性和非水性无菌注射液,它可以包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂以及使制剂与准备接受者的血液等渗的溶质;水性或非水性无菌混悬液,它可以包含混悬剂和增稠剂。制剂可以为单位剂量或多剂量容器,例如密封的安瓿和小瓶,并且可以在冷冻干燥条件下贮存,只需要在临用前立即加入无菌液体载体,例如盐水或注射用水。可以用无菌粉剂、颗粒剂和前述的各种片剂制备即时使用的注射溶液和悬浮液。
直肠用药的制剂可以为采用通常载体(例如可可油或聚乙二醇)的栓剂。
在口腔(例如面颊或舌下)局部用药的制剂包括活性成分在调味基质(例如蔗糖和阿拉伯胶、西黄蓍胶)中的锭剂以及活性成份在基质(例如明胶和甘油、或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)中的软锭剂。
式(I)化合物的相对非吸湿性质使得它特别适合以固体形式如片剂用药。
在一个优选方面,本发明提供包含式(I)化合物或其溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物的固体剂型。
优选的单位剂量制剂是包含如上所述的有效剂量或其合适部分的活性成分的制剂。
应该理解除了上述特别提到的成分外,本发明制剂还可包括其它与所讨论制剂类型有关的本领域常规试剂,例如适合口服用药的的试剂包括调味剂。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种制备式(I)化合物或其的溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物的方法,所述方法包括:
(i)使式(II)化合物或其对映异构体、盐或被保护的衍生物,
与式(III)化合物或其盐反应,
其中L为离去基团,最合适的为C1-6烷氧基(例如乙氧基)、烷硫基、芳烷基硫基、芳硫基(例如苄硫基)、1-或2-萘基甲硫基或杂环基团;接着以任何顺序进行以下步骤:
(ii)将所得化合物转化为一磷酸盐;
(iii)任选除去任何保护基团;
(iv)任选从对映异构体的混合物中分离出对映异构体;
(v)任选将产物转化为其相应溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物。
由此方法制备的式(I)化合物优选通过用合适溶剂(例如水性溶剂如水、含水乙醇或含水乙腈,或者极性溶剂如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、二甲基乙酰胺或1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)重结晶提纯。重结晶优选溶剂为含水乙醇。
在一个优选实施方案中,将式(II)化合物和式(III)化合物反应得到的化合物与磷酸、优选与正磷酸反应生成式(I)化合物。
将所得化合物转化为磷酸盐的步骤优选包括利用甲苯和含水磷酸的两相反应。
在一个优选实施方案中,进行以下步骤(i):将甲苯加入由式(II)化合物或其对映异构体、盐或被保护的衍生物与式(III)化合物或其盐反应所得的水层,形成两相混合物;从该混合物中分离出甲苯层;将磷酸水溶液加入到甲苯层再次形成两相混合物;再从该混合物中分离出水层。
当L为C1-6烷氧基时,以上反应步骤(i)可以在以下条件实现:在碱性pH溶液,例如pH8-11,适合在pHp.5-10.5,在低温下,例如-5℃-25℃,适合在20℃。当L为烷硫基、芳烷基硫基或芳硫基时,以上反应可以在以下条件实现:在有机溶剂中,例如二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯或C1-4醇如乙醇中,在适当的温度下,例如10-40℃,适合在室温下进行。
式(II)化合物优选
式(III)化合物优选
式(II)化合物和其衍生物可以如下制备:使式(IV)化合物或其对映异构体、盐或被保护的衍生物,
其中X为离去基团,最适合的基团为卤基如Br,与式(V)化合物或其盐或被保护的衍生物反应。
式(III)化合物和其盐可以用本领域熟练技术人员熟知的有机化学方法制备,例如按照Shearer等在Tetrahedron Letters,1997,38,179-182中介绍的方法制备。
用于制备式(I)化合物的保护基团可以按常规方法使用,例如用“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,Theodora W Green,第2版(John Wiley and Sons,1991)介绍的方法,其中也介绍了除去此类基团的方法。
在上述反应中,伯胺适合保护为氨基甲酸酯,例如叔丁氧基羰基或苄氧基羰基,这些基团可以在酸性条件下除去,例如用盐酸或氢溴酸处理或通过水解除去。
本领域熟练技术人员能够理解这种保护基团的使用可以包括式(II)化合物中氨基的正交保护,从而在存在另一个基团时有助于选择性除去一个基团,因此使得选择性官能化一个氨基官能团。例如,可以通过水解选择性除去苄氧基羰基。本领域熟练技术人员也能够理解其它正交保护策略,可以按照Theodora W Green(参见上文)介绍的常规方法实现。
本发明化合物的对映异构体可以如下获得:(a)分离相应的外消旋混合物的组分,例如通过手性色谱柱、酶拆解方法或制备并分离适当的非对映异构体,或者(b)用适当的手性初始原料通过上述方法直接合成。
任选将式(I)化合物转化为相应溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物可以用本领域熟练技术人员已知的方法实现。例如,式(I)化合物的三水合物可以如下制备:将相应的一水合物在高湿度环境暴露24小时。
现在参照附图举例说明本发明。
图1为在25℃下目标相对湿度(%)对重量变化(%w/w)的完全等温图,表示式(I)化合物一水合物对水分的吸收作用和解吸作用;
图2为在25℃下目标相对湿度(%)对重量变化(%w/w)的另一个完全等温图,表示式(I)化合物一水合物对水分的吸收作用和解吸作用;
图3为在25℃下目标相对湿度(%)对重量变化(%w/w)的又一个完全等温图,表示式(I)化合物一水合物对水分的吸收作用和解吸作用;
图4为(2S)-2-氨基-4-{[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]硫基}丁酸盐酸盐的在25℃下目标相对湿度(%)对重量变化(%w/w)的水分吸收的对照完全等温图;
图5为在25℃下目标相对湿度(%)对重量变化(%w/w)的完全等温图,表示式(I)化合物三水合物对水分的吸附作用和解吸作用。吸收作用和解吸作用曲线重叠。吸附作用等温线以相对湿度30%为起点一直增加到90%,接着解析作用从90%RH到0%RH。
图6为式(I)化合物一水合物的X-射线衍射图。
图7为式(I)化合物三水合物的X-射线衍射图。
实施例1:制备式(II)化合物
A)阶段1:制备L-高丝氨酸内酯
L-甲硫氨酸 L-高丝氨酸内酯
MW=149.21 MW=182.01
反应在氮气氛下进行。在室温搅拌下制备L-甲硫氨酸(1mol eq.,1.0wt)的水(4Vol)溶液、异丙醇(4vol)和冰醋酸(1.6vol)的悬浮液,向其中加入溴醋酸(1.0wt)。将悬浮液加热至50℃,在此温度保持2小时。温度升至约82-85℃,将溶液再加热5小时。冷却橙棕色溶液,减压除去溶剂。将茶褐色稠浆状物在真空下加热(水浴温度90℃)2小时。让浆状物冷却,然后悬浮于4M HCl的二噁烷(2Vol)溶液,在室温下最少搅拌3小时。过滤收集结晶固体,将其悬浮于异丙醇(1.5vol):将悬浮液搅拌至少1小时。再次过滤收集固体,在50-60℃真空干燥获得乳白色结晶固体L-高丝氨酸内酯。
B)阶段2:制备(2S)-2-氨基-4-溴丁酸氢溴酸盐
反应在氮气氛下进行。在20±5℃,静止氮气氛下,将L-高丝氨酸内酯(1.0mol eq.,1.0wt)在冰醋酸(2Vol)中悬浮并搅拌。在悬浮液中加入45%w/v溴化氢的醋酸溶液(8Vol)。将反应物在4小时内渐变加热至52±1℃,然后在52±1℃搅拌16小时获得悬浮于黄色或橙色溶液的白色固体。将反应物冷却至20±2℃,在20±2℃保持至少2小时使产物完全沉淀。过滤收集固体。然后洗涤滤饼,首先用醋酸(3×2Vol)洗涤,然后用叔丁基甲基醚洗涤(TBME;3×2vol)。将产物在烘箱内于45±5℃真空干燥至恒重,收集得到白色/乳白色结晶固体。
C)阶段3:制备(2S)-2-氨基-4-溴丁酸叔丁酯硫酸盐
反应在氮气氛下进行。在氮气氛,5±3℃下,将(2S)-2-氨基-4-溴丁酸氢溴酸盐(1mol eq.,1.0wt)在乙酸叔丁酯(10vol.)悬浮并搅拌约1小时。在约30分钟内向悬浮液滴加浓硫酸(1.2eq,0.445wt),保持反应物温度在5±3℃。将反应物加温至18±3℃,在此温度搅拌10min。在约10分钟内加入冰醋酸(2.5vol),然后将反应混合物剧烈搅拌直到获得澄清溶液(达到3小时)。继续在18±3℃搅拌至少2小时。接着开始结晶,反应混合物在18±3℃稳定至少4小时。然后在50分钟内向浆状物中加入甲苯(5.5vol)。将所得白色混合物在18±3℃搅拌18小时,然后过滤收集产物。滤饼用乙酸乙酯(2.5vol)洗涤。将潮湿产物与新的乙酸乙酯在20±3℃形成浆状物1小时。再次过滤收集产物,滤饼用乙酸乙酯(2×2.5vol)洗涤。将产物在烘箱于20±5℃真空干燥。
D)阶段4:制备(2S)-4-溴-2-[(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]丁酸叔丁酯
反应在氮气氛下进行。在静止氮气氛,20±3℃下,将无水碳酸氢钠(2.0mol eq.)在水(3.0vol)中剧烈搅拌。加入乙酸乙酯(3.0vol),将混合物冷却至5±2℃。在约20分钟内加入(2S)-2-氨基-4-溴丁酸叔丁酯硫酸盐(1.0mol eq.,1.0wt)的水(2.0vol)溶液,保持反应物温度为5±2℃。然后在5分钟内,将二碳酸二叔丁酯(0.96eq)的乙酸乙酯(2.0vol)溶液加入反应混合物中,保持反应物温度为5±2℃。让两相混合物加温至20±3℃,然后再搅拌3-5小时。让各层分离过夜。除去水层,有机层用盐水(1×5vol)洗涤。分离出各层,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,然后减压浓缩获得无色油状物。无色油状物静止固化得到白色坚硬固体。
E)阶段5:制备S-(2-氨基乙基)-N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-L-高半胱氨酸叔丁酯
反应在氮气氛下进行。在氮气氛,20±3℃下,将无水碳酸钾(3.0mol eq.)加入搅拌下的巯基乙胺盐酸盐(1.5mol eq.)的甲醇(5vol)悬浮液。将混合物搅拌30分钟,然后在反应物保持在20±3℃下滴加(2S)-4-溴-2-[(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]丁酸叔丁酯(1.0mol eq.,1.0wt)的甲醇(5vol)溶液。将反应混合物在25±2℃搅拌4小时。用水浴在<30℃下减压浓缩反应混合物获得白色残余物。残余物在叔丁基甲基醚(TBME;8vol)和水(8vol)间分配。在10分钟后,充分振荡/混合,让各层分开。除去水相,用水浴在<30℃下减压浓缩有机相剩下约一半体积(约4vol)。在反应物保持在20±3℃下将甲酸(1.0mol eq.)滴加到搅拌下的TBME溶液。将反应混合物在20±3℃下搅拌1小时,在此期间形成白色沉淀。将混合物冷却至5±2℃至少16小时。过滤收集产物,然后再用TBME(2×1vol)洗涤。在烘箱中于40±2℃真空干燥固体至恒重获得白色结晶固体产物。
实施例2:制备式(II)化合物的备选方法
在静态氮气氛,约5℃下,将(2S)-2-氨基-4-溴丁酸氢溴酸盐(1.0wt,1.0mol)在乙酸叔丁酯(TBA,5vol)中悬浮并搅拌。将浓硫酸(98%纯度;1.2mol eq.)在20分钟内加入悬浮液,反应物温度保持在~15℃。然后将反应物加温至约20℃,将其在20℃搅拌至少7小时。硫酸加入完毕后1-2小时观测到结晶。将2M氢氧化钠水溶液(8mol eqs)在约60分钟内加入反应物,同时温度保持在约20℃。检测水溶液的pH,发现在9以上。分离出各层,丢弃水层。
在一个单独容器中,将二碳酸二叔丁酯(99%;0.95mol eq.)溶于TBME(2vol)。在20分钟内将此溶液加入到TBA溶液,保持反应物温度低于20℃。将溶液在约20℃搅拌4小时。
将32%w/w NaOH(4vol)装入反应器,冷却至约10℃。加入巯基乙胺盐酸盐(1.2mol eq.),保持反应物温度在10-20℃。然后将此混合物搅拌约30分钟使盐酸盐完全中和。加入Aliquat 175(甲基三丁基氯化铵;75%w/w水溶液;0.05mol),保持反应物温度在10-20℃。将TBA/TBME溶液在20分钟内加入到以上水溶液,温度保持在约20℃。然后两相混合物在约20℃搅拌20小时。然后在10分钟内加入水(4vol),反应物温度保持在约20℃。搅拌15分钟得到2个澄清层。分离出水层并丢弃。有机层用水(2×4vol)洗涤,有机溶液中加入TBME(6-8vol)稀释。然后将甲酸(98%w/w;0.8mol eq)在20分钟内加入搅拌下TBA/TBME溶液,反应物温度保持在约20℃。反应混合物冷却至-5℃24小时。过滤收集产物,然后加入TBME(2×1vol)洗涤。然后在烘箱中于40±5℃真空干燥固体获得白色结晶固体产物。
此方法的反应流程如下:
实施例3:制备式(III)化合物
反应在氮气氛下进行。在氮气氛下将硫代乙酰胺(1wt,1eq.)加入搅拌下的乙腈(14vol)。所得浆状物加热至65℃±2℃,因此形成黄色溶液。在此溶液中滴加单独的1-(氯甲基)萘(2.47wts,1.05eq.)的乙腈(3vol)溶液,以使反应物温度保持在60-65℃的方式控制加入。一旦加入完毕,再用部分乙腈(1vol)作内部洗涤。将所得溶液加热至70℃±2℃:在10-20分钟内观测到结晶。浆状物在70℃±2℃总共加热3小时,然后冷却至室温。滤出固体,滤饼用乙腈(2×5vol)洗涤。所得白色固体在45±5℃真空干燥至少16小时。
实施例4:制备式(I)化合物(一水合物)
反应在氮气氛下进行。在室温下,将S-(2-氨基乙基)-N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-L-高半胱氨酸叔丁酯的甲酸盐(1∶1)(式II化合物)(1.0moleq,1.0wt)以及硫代乙亚胺酸1-萘甲基酯盐酸盐(式III化合物)(1.2moleq)的混合物在乙酸乙酯(6vol)中搅拌2小时。加入水(8.5vol),剧烈地搅拌混合物30分钟。让各层静止,收集包含N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-S-[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]-L-高半胱氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐的水层。将水层冷却至0℃,加入甲苯(5vol)。缓慢加入32%w/w氢氧化钠水溶液(2.5mol eq),温度保持在2℃,剧烈搅拌两相混合物10分钟。分离各层,将水层再装入容器中,贮存甲苯层。将甲苯(2.5vol)加入水层,混合物冷却至0℃。缓慢加入32%w/w氢氧化钠水溶液(1.0mol eq),温度保持在0℃,剧烈搅拌两相混合物物5分钟。分离各层,丢弃水层,包含N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-S-[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]-L-高半胱氨酸叔丁酯的甲苯层合并到以上容器中。加入正磷酸(1.5mol eq)的水溶液(2.5vol)。在70℃剧烈搅拌两相混合物12小时。然后加入水(4vol),混合物冷却至40℃。分离出水层,用浓氨水溶液调节pH至5.5,温度保持在35℃。将所得水溶液加热至75℃,然后在20分钟内加入乙醇(6.5vol),温度保持在75℃。在30分钟内将溶液从75℃逐渐冷却至53℃,加入晶种。将其在53℃保持2小时,在4小时逐步冷却至5℃。所得浆状物在此温度保持20小时。过滤收集产物,用1∶1乙醇/水的混合物(2vol)洗涤,然后用乙醇(2vol)洗涤。将式(I)化合物,即(2S)-2-氨基-4-{[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]硫基}丁酸磷酸盐一水合物,在60℃真空干燥至恒重。
此方法的反应流程如下。
通过测量根据上述方法制备的式(I)化合物一水合物的三个样品在25℃、0-90%的目标相对湿度下的重量变化(%w/w)来测试其吸湿性。结果见附图1-3。
为了进行以上测试,使用以下仪器和参数:
Hiden IGASORP,系列:IGA SA-040;
Hiden Intelligent Analyser,型号:HAS-022-120E,系列:HALIGA-0042;
-流动速度=495ml/min
-等温参数:
分析模式:F1
直到:97%
最小时间:10min
最大时间:240min
M-水平:0.2%
-等温序列:
温度:25℃
吸附作用/% 解吸作用/%
0 80
10 70
20 60
30 50
40 40
50 30
60 20
70 10
80 0
90
-扫描=2(1周期)
从附图1-3可以看出,本发明化合物在相对湿度70%以下没有明显吸收空气中水分。
(2S)-2-氨基-4-{[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]硫基}丁酸磷酸盐(1∶1)水合物的X-射线衍射数据见附图6。下表1说明了使用的仪器及参数。下表2为峰值表。
表1
制造商 | Philips Analytical X-Ray B.V.荷兰 |
衍射计类型 | PW1800(PC-APD) |
系列 | DY701 |
管的阳极 | Cu |
LabdaAlpha1 | 1.54056 |
LabdaAlpha2 | 1.54439 |
RatioAlpha21 | 0.50000 |
发散狭缝 | 自动 |
接受狭缝 | 细小 |
是否使用单色器 | 是 |
发生器电压 | 40 |
管电流 | 45 |
归档日期和时间 | 2000.10.43:23 |
数据角度范围(°2θ) | 6.0000-45.0000 |
扫描步长(°2θ) | 0.020 |
扫描类型 | 步进 |
每步扫描时间 | 4.00 |
表2
角度(°2θ) | 相对强度(%) |
7.2900 | 100 |
7.5100 | 19.4 |
8.5000 | 1 |
12.0650 | 0 |
14.4950 | 60 |
16.9250 | 2 |
18.4300 | 16 |
18.6950 | 2 |
20.3350 | 2 |
20.7400 | 1 |
21.1200 | 1 |
21.8250 | 6 |
22.2150 | 10 |
22.4500 | 12 |
23.4950 | 2 |
23.7100 | 4 |
24.1450 | 38 |
25.3450 | 2 |
25.8800 | 2 |
26.4950 | 3 |
26.6750 | 2 |
27.4650 | 7 |
27.9600 | 6 |
28.4050 | 2 |
29.0200 | 7 |
29.4950 | 1 |
30.1800 | 3 |
30.7400 | 1 |
31.8000 | 1 |
32.1800 | 2 |
32.5200 | 5 |
33.8400 | 1 |
34.4650 | 5 |
35.5200 | 1 |
35.8150 | 1 |
36.5950 | 5 |
37.8300 | 1 |
38.5550 | 1 |
39.2200 | 1 |
39.7850 | 4 |
40.9400 | 1 |
41.5450 | 1 |
42.0900 | 1 |
42.5700 | 1 |
43.7200 | 1 |
44.4700 | 2 |
实施例5:制备式(I)化合物(三水合物)
将根据实施例4方法制备的式(I)化合物一水合物(5g)暴露于相对湿度大于80%的环境中2个星期。产物用X-射线粉末衍射分析,证明为三水合物。(附图7)
(2S)-2-氨基-4-{[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]硫基}丁酸正磷酸盐酸盐的(1∶3)水合物的X-射线衍射数据见附图7。下表3说明了使用的仪器和参数。下表4为峰值列表。
表3
制造商 | Philips Analytical X-Ray B.V.荷兰 |
衍射计类型 | PW3040/60 |
系列号 | DY1379 |
管的阳极 | Cu |
K-Alpha1波长() | 1.54056 |
发散狭缝角度(°) | 0.1250 |
接收狭缝 | 无 |
是否使用单色器 | 是 |
发生器电压 | 40 |
管电流 | 45 |
数据角度范围(°2θ) | 5.000-45.000 |
扫描步长(°2θ) | 0.0128 |
扫描类型 | 连续 |
每步扫描时间(s) | 2999.33 |
样品制备 | 样品装入毛细管 |
检波器 | Raytech PSD |
PSD模式 | 扫描PSD |
有效PSD频道号 | 591.00 |
PSD大小(pitch) | 0.0533 |
发散狭缝 | 固定狭缝1/8° |
混合单色器 | 2xGe220 Asym.(混合型) |
镜 | X-射线镜Cu(混合型MRD) |
表4
角度(°2θ) | 相对强度(%) |
6.558 | 45 |
7.261 | 84 |
7.748 | 15 |
11.469 | 1 |
13.127 | 13 |
13.530 | 30 |
15.529 | 5 |
17.241 | 27 |
18.082 | 17 |
18.288 | 12 |
19.688 | 6 |
19.867 | 7 |
20.122 | 77 |
20.302 | 40 |
20.884 | 34 |
21.877 | 65 |
22.025 | 100 |
22.520 | 9 |
22.943 | 18 |
23.041 | 30 |
23.182 | 43 |
23.380 | 41 |
23.796 | 24 |
24.422 | 17 |
24.607 | 7 |
24.934 | 9 |
25.569 | 23 |
26.156 | 35 |
26.432 | 7 |
27.347 | 73 |
27.499 | 23 |
27.796 | 3 |
28.195 | 20 |
28.743 | 12 |
28.961 | 18 |
29.313 | 7 |
29.861 | 6 |
30.011 | 8 |
30.225 | 25 |
30.810 | 7 |
31.095 | 16 |
31.366 | 33 |
31.541 | 8 |
32.228 | 6 |
32.585 | 7 |
33.260 | 13 |
33.473 | 13 |
34.113 | 5 |
34.387 | 1 |
34.676 | 7 |
34.866 | 12 |
35.020 | 7 |
35.284 | 3 |
36.287 | 6 |
36.578 | 8 |
36.761 | 17 |
37.054 | 4 |
37.530 | 13 |
37.733 | 5 |
38.386 | 7 |
38.597 | 13 |
38.834 | 15 |
39.462 | 9 |
39.827 | 9 |
39.897 | 8 |
40.082 | 4 |
40.367 | 4 |
40.492 | 4 |
40.875 | 2 |
41.464 | 7 |
41.839 | 1 |
42.466 | 5 |
42.557 | 6 |
43.166 | 2 |
43.478 | 2 |
43.750 | 3 |
44.016 | 4 |
44.473 | 3 |
44.672 | 2 |
通过测量根据上述方法制备的式(I)化合物三水合物的一个样品在25℃、0-90%的目标相对湿度下的重量变化(%w/w)来测试其吸湿性。使用的仪器和参数与得到附图1-3的数据所使用的一样。结果见附图5。
对照实施例A
式(I)化合物为磷酸盐的化合物的二盐酸盐如下制备:使实施例1中间体产物,即N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-S-[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]-L-高半胱氨酸盐酸盐,与氯化氢和二噁烷在室温下反应,如以下所示。
通过测量根据上述方法制备的二盐酸盐化合物样品在25℃、30-80%的目标相对湿度下的重量变化(%w/w)来测试其吸湿性。结果见附图4。
可以看出此化合物在50%以上相对湿度就快速吸收空气中水分。在55%相对湿度,二盐酸盐的质量变化约为11%;在60%相对湿度,二盐酸盐的质量变化约为24%;在65%相对湿度,二盐酸盐的质量变化约为32%。在相对湿度范围30-75%的质量变化约47%。
Claims (15)
2.(2S)-2-氨基-4-{[2-(亚氨乙基氨基)乙基]硫基}丁酸磷酸(1∶1)化合物或其溶剂化物或生理学功能衍生物。
3.权利要求1或2要求保护的化合物,其中磷酸为正磷酸。
4.权利要求1-3任一项要求保护的化合物,其中溶剂化物为水合物。
5.权利要求4要求保护的化合物,其中水合物为一水合物。
6.权利要求4要求保护的化合物,其中水合物为三水合物。
7.一种预防或治疗哺乳动物例如人的需要氧化氮合酶抑制剂的临床疾病的方法,所述方法包括给予治疗有效量的权利要求1-6任一项要求保护的化合物。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中临床疾病选自关节炎、哮喘、鼻炎、肠梗阻、偏头痛、疼痛和过敏性大肠综合症。
9.权利要求1-6任一项要求保护的化合物的用途,该用途用于医学治疗。
10.一种药用制剂,该制剂包含权利要求1-6任一项要求保护的化合物和药学上可接受的载体或赋型剂,任选一种或多种其它治疗组分。
11.权利要求1-6任一项要求保护的化合物的用途,其中所述化合物用于制造预防或治疗需要氧化氮合酶抑制剂的临床疾病的药物。
12.权利要求11的用途,其中临床疾病选自关节炎、哮喘、鼻炎、肠梗阻、偏头痛、疼痛和过敏性大肠综合症。
14.权利要求13要求保护的方法,其中将所得化合物转化为一磷酸盐的步骤包括使用甲苯和含水磷酸的两相反应。
15.权利要求13或14要求保护的方法,其中步骤(i)以后:
将甲苯加入由式(II)化合物或其对映异构体、盐或被保护的衍生物与式(III)化合物或其盐反应所得的水层,形成两相混合物;从该混合物中分离出甲苯层;将磷酸水溶液加入到甲苯层再次形成两相混合物;再从该混合物中分离出水层。
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GBGB0031179.5A GB0031179D0 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2000-12-21 | Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103282355A (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2013-09-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | α-氨基-γ-丁内酯的制造方法 |
CN102344397A (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2012-02-08 | 浙江升华拜克生物股份有限公司 | 一种伐奈莫林盐酸盐的提纯方法 |
CN102344397B (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-09-04 | 浙江升华拜克生物股份有限公司 | 一种伐奈莫林盐酸盐的提纯方法 |
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MXPA03005698A (es) | 2003-10-06 |
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NO328982B1 (no) | 2010-07-05 |
NZ526563A (en) | 2004-11-26 |
US7317040B2 (en) | 2008-01-08 |
AR031944A1 (es) | 2003-10-08 |
IL156305A0 (en) | 2004-01-04 |
JP3971704B2 (ja) | 2007-09-05 |
CZ20031744A3 (cs) | 2004-01-14 |
CA2432121C (en) | 2009-12-01 |
AU2225202A (en) | 2002-07-01 |
HUP0500736A2 (hu) | 2005-11-28 |
WO2002050021A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
ZA200304683B (en) | 2004-09-17 |
PL207158B1 (pl) | 2010-11-30 |
US20040087654A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
AU2002222252B2 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
PL364833A1 (en) | 2004-12-27 |
JP2004516278A (ja) | 2004-06-03 |
KR20030066737A (ko) | 2003-08-09 |
NO20032835D0 (no) | 2003-06-20 |
BR0116369A (pt) | 2003-10-28 |
CN100369894C (zh) | 2008-02-20 |
GB0031179D0 (en) | 2001-01-31 |
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