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CN1456794A - 具有新型燃烧室的新型内燃发动机 - Google Patents

具有新型燃烧室的新型内燃发动机 Download PDF

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CN1456794A
CN1456794A CN03128626A CN03128626A CN1456794A CN 1456794 A CN1456794 A CN 1456794A CN 03128626 A CN03128626 A CN 03128626A CN 03128626 A CN03128626 A CN 03128626A CN 1456794 A CN1456794 A CN 1456794A
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piston
cylinder head
motor
cylinder
chamber
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CN100370120C (zh
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何塞·富兰克林·萨纳内斯
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BIOLOGICAL MOTOR CORP
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0636Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom
    • F02B23/0639Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom the combustion space having substantially the shape of a cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/02Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种内燃发动机,其具有新型燃烧室,包括具有绝对平的头部的短翼活塞;气缸盖,所述气缸盖的底部表面是绝对平的,及当活塞在其TDC处时,活塞头部和气缸盖的底部表面之间的距离“X”,所述距离“X”形成燃烧室,即,由活塞的顶部表面或活塞头部,气缸壁,以及气缸盖的底部平表面之间构成的空间。

Description

具有新型燃烧室的新型内燃发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃发动机的改进,当发动机运行时允许降低燃烧室内部的温度,由此具有结构和功能上的优点。
更具体地说,本发明涉及一种内燃发动机,该内燃发动机设有新型和改进的燃烧室,该燃烧室可以用于加压的天然气燃料发动机,汽油燃料发动机和瓦斯油(gas oil)燃料发动机,以及使用任何其它种类的燃料的发动机,因为本发明的原理是可以普遍应用于任何种类的内燃机的。实际上,所述的这种新型燃烧室在内部燃烧期间成功地降低了工作温度,因此在燃烧期间使效率更高,并且由此除了使发动机自身寿命更长之外还提供了更高的功率。
背景技术
根据定义,热机运行时产生热量。在内燃发动机的情况下,基本上在每一个循环通过点燃燃料-空气爆炸混合物产生热量,由此发动机需要提供散热装置。为此,发动机组和汽缸盖都设有管道,沿着管道循环冷却液,以便吸取产生热量的发动机关键部位(例如,燃烧室附近)的热量,并将热量释放到热交换区域中,例如,散热器。很明显,冷却液吸收热量的容量是有限的,并且不仅取决于其物理化学特性,而且取决于容量并且取决于通过有效的热交换系统发动机迅速散热的可能性。
发动机制造者一直期望获得具有最低可能温度的工作状态,根据经验和科学考虑,燃烧室内的温度一般与发动机的效率,功率和性能成反比。
为此,现代的发动机包括用于气缸,气缸盖,活塞和任何其它移动部件的复杂的冷却系统,保证合理温度水平以便不能严重影响发动机整体性能的系统。
然而,因为通过不断地点燃燃烧室内部的混合物产生热量,因此这里出现了最大的问题,因为大量的热能集中在一定的区域中,必须迅速散发。为了解决燃烧室内的高温所造成的问题并且考虑到在该区域显著降低温度的不可能性,发动机设计者研制了几种解决方案,从设计复杂的冷却系统到设计呈现各种几何形状的燃烧室。
燃烧室经常形成在气缸盖处,即,气缸盖设有穹顶形腔室,根据穹顶形腔室,将进气阀,排气阀和火花塞安排在气缸盖上面。这种穹顶确定了腔室,在腔室中,一旦混合物被压缩,就遇到火花塞产生的火花。在柴油发动机中,腔室由活塞自身确定,其头部是空心的,在该处发生混合物的爆炸。
在上述的所有情形,在压缩过程中,现有技术的活塞沿上行冲程运动,直到其与气缸齐平,即,直到活塞达到后一个气缸的上部边缘,并且爆炸从向上的那点发生,即,在形成在气缸盖自身的腔室或对于柴油发动机在活塞内部的腔室。
这些情形对发动机是关键的,因为适当冷却这些位置以便降低整个发动机的温度特别是降低燃烧室自身的温度非常困难。
因此,实际上,燃烧室的平均温度约1300℃,这是一个实际上非常难于适当冷却的温度量级。
实际上,发动机包括传送冷却液的管道,这些管道围绕气缸并且在气缸盖的内部设置,但是产生的热量如此高,以至这些导管不能足以有效地散发这种热量。
对于使用加压天然气的特别重的发动机这种情况尤其关键,尤其是对于最初设计为柴油发动机而后来转变为气体燃料奥托循环发动机的情形这种情况尤其关键。实际上,这种最初的柴油发动机没有提供最初的汽油发动机的复杂冷却装置,因此,实际上不可能散发点燃燃料气体-空气混合物产生的热量。
发明内容
准确地说本发明的一个目的是改进燃烧室,以便内燃发动机的工作温度可以显著低于现有发动机的工作温度,由此提高发动机的效率,功率,寿命和降低燃料消耗。
本发明基本包括一种设有平头活塞的发动机,相应的其内部不包括任何种类腔室的绝对平的气缸盖,
其中活塞高度低于传统的活塞并且其头部位于顶部死点(TDC)附近,远离气缸的顶部边缘。在气缸中位于TDC的活塞头部和平气缸盖之间的间隙构成了燃烧室,混合物在燃烧室点燃。因为活塞被管道围绕,管道设置在本体(block)的内部,传送上述的冷却液,点燃产生的热量散发到活塞壁中,由此迅速和有效地传到外面以便该区域的发动机温度显著降低。通过实际试验已经证明,根据原来的设计发动机工作期间腔室内的平均温度约为1300℃,当采用本发明提出的简单改进,腔室温度可以降低到低于800℃,由此平均降低温度40%。温度的降低改进了运行性能,增加了功率,延长了部件的寿命,降低了燃料消耗并且提供了热效率。
附图说明
图1示出了现有技术的发动机的整个透视图;在该特例中发动机是柴油发动机(Diesel-cycle engine),图中部分透明示出以便暴露本体(block),活塞,气缸盖,及进气和排气装置。
图2是表示内部具有燃烧室的现有技术的典型活塞的透视图。
图3是根据本发明的发动机的示意剖视图,图中在TDC的活塞,平气缸盖,和进气装置和排气装置都被示出。图中的“X”表示在TDC处平活塞头部和气缸盖的底部平表面之间的距离。
图4是根据本发明的活塞的透视图的详细视图。
具体实施方式
与上述说明和图示完全一致,现有技术的发动机1如图所示,包括本体2,容纳活塞4的气缸3,以及在其头部5处构成发动机燃烧室的空腔6。实际上,当活塞位于气缸内部并且气缸盖封闭所产生的腔室时,当活塞到达TDC处,用于进行点燃的剩下自由空间仅仅是该空腔6,因为在TDC处的活塞与气缸的上部边缘齐平并且除了空腔6之外没有空间剩下来用于燃料-空气混合物以便在压缩状态下点燃(需要提醒一下,该发动机是柴油发动机)。因此,在TDC处,在气缸盖的平的底部表面和活塞头部之间没有留下空间。图2示出了构成燃烧室的这种活塞和所述空腔6的细节。
在奥托循环发动机中,燃烧室不位于活塞自身中,而是在气缸盖中,因为这种盖在剖视图中呈穹顶形形状,该穹顶形构成剩下的用于点燃混合物的自由空间,因为在这种类型的发动机中在TDC处的活塞与气缸盖齐平并且仅仅穹顶形腔室是剩下用于进行点燃的空间。
本发明的目的是结束这种类型的研制,因为实际经验广泛显示出这种类型的发动机具有无数的冷却困难。因此,现在需要强调图3,因为图3清楚地示出了本发明提出的简单并且有独创性的方案,其中:
活塞10具有较短的翼(flap)11和绝对平的头部12,
气缸盖13具有绝对平的底部表面14,通过螺钉16固定在本体或气缸体15中的合适位置,在其中间中设有密封垫(joint)17,及
无论何时活塞10在其TDC处时,活塞10的头部12和气缸盖13的表面14之间的距离“X”。
因为管道围绕气缸,管道朝向交换器传送冷却液,所以与现有技术的发动机不同,本发明的发动机在该区域散热更迅速并且更有效,因此燃烧室的温度平均不超过800℃。这种散热改进的基本原理是,在这种情况下,燃烧室形成在这一空间,即,由其侧面的气缸壁,下面的活塞头,以及上面的气缸盖的平表面之间构成。因此,基本上通过冷却的气缸壁进行散热,由此根据上述说明,降低了燃烧室的温度。
因此根据本发明,冷却燃烧室的问题容易地得到了解决,而这一问题在现有技术中不能得到解决,因为活塞或气缸盖需要冷却并且实际上这是不能实现的。

Claims (1)

1.一种内燃发动机,其具有新型燃烧室,包括:
具有绝对平的头部的短翼活塞;
气缸盖,所述气缸盖的底部表面是绝对平的,及
当活塞在其TDC处时,活塞头部和气缸盖的底部表面之间的距离为“X”,所述距离“X”形成燃烧室,即,由活塞的顶部表面或活塞头部,气缸壁,以及气缸盖的底部平表面之间构成的空间。
CNB031286267A 2002-04-26 2003-04-28 具有新型燃烧室的新型内燃发动机 Expired - Fee Related CN100370120C (zh)

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CN102817740A (zh) * 2011-10-15 2012-12-12 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 上盖配气机构

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