CN1287639C - 有机发光器件中的双亲分子缓冲层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种采用双亲分子超薄膜作为有机发光器件中有机电子传输层与金属电极之间连接层或缓冲层及其制备方法。传统的有机发光器件中的缓冲层是无机缓冲层,缓冲层的引入改善了有机发光器件的电子注入,提高了有机发光器件的效率。但是传统的缓冲层材料LiF是种无机材料,有机材料和无机材料在化学性质上存在着巨大差异,由此产生了的有机发光器件的不稳定性。本发明引入双亲分子脂肪酸盐超薄膜缓冲层可以紧密地连接有机层和金属电极,用常规的热蒸发系统即能制得该缓冲层,这种分子的弹性长链结构使得该缓冲层具有较强的抗热冲击的能力,从而增强了有机发光器件的热稳定性,提高了电子注入。
Description
技术领域
本发明是在有机发光器件中的有机发光层和金属阴极之间加入双亲分子超薄缓冲层,同时起到了提高电子注入和增强有机发光器件稳定性的两方面作用。
背景技术
1987年,Kodak公司的C.W.Tang和他的同事采用一种荧光效率很高且能用真空镀膜法制成均匀致密的高质量薄膜的有机小分子材料-八羟基喹啉铝,制备了高效率的有机电致发光二极管,使得该领域的研究工作进入一个崭新的时代。十余年来,人们不断的提高有机电致发光器件的制备工艺和深入理解控制器件性能的物理机制取得很大进展,有机电致发光器件的各项性能指标均已达到了大规模应用的要求。大规模的工业化生产即将来临。
有机电致发光器件的优点包括:高效率,高亮度,自发光,宽视角,全彩色,对比度高,分辨率高,无需背照明,无需滤波片和偏振片,低功耗,低电压,直流驱动,响应速度快,超薄轻便,结构牢固,采用柔性衬底可制成柔软可折叠的显示器,直接利用喷墨印刷技术可形成复杂的图象和进行大规模大面积生产,并不要求昂贵的生产线和设备,而且容易和其它产品集成,具有优良的性能价格比。
但是有机发光技术发展到今天仍然存在一些没有完全解决的问题。其中之一便是在有机发光器件中有机发光层和阴极金属之间由于有机无机化学性质上存在的极大差异(例如热膨胀系数、相亲性等等)所造成的有机发光器件的不稳定性。这个问题在一定程度上已经成为了有机发光技术市场化进程的瓶颈。
发明内容
本发明的目的是获得一种器件性能稳定的双亲分子缓冲层及其制备方法。
本发明提出了在有机发光器件中引入了一层由双亲分子构成的厚度是2-4nm的缓冲层以替换原有的无机盐(例如:氟化锂)缓冲层。有机发光器件结构是阳极导电玻璃/空穴传输层(如NPB)/有机发光层/电子传输层(如喹啉铝)/缓冲层/金属阴极(如铝)。本发明缓冲层的双亲分子是C5-C20的脂肪酸盐,它的一端是亲水的,另一端是亲脂的分子。例如:硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸铝、油酸钠、辛酸钠等等。有研究证明用真空沉积的方法生长成的双亲分子薄膜具有较好的有序度。该分子一端很长的烷烃基拖尾是亲脂性的,可以与有机发光层紧密地连接在一起;而另一端则是亲水性很强羧基和金属离子如钠离子,所以这一端可以拉紧金属电极。由此可见,这一双亲分子缓冲层的引入有效提高了有机发光器件中有机/无机界面的连接的强度。当器件开始被点亮时,通过的电流产生了大量的焦耳热,使得器件的温度会升高到较高的温度,这时有机发光器件的金属电极和有机发光层都会发生热膨胀,如果两者的膨胀系数相差很多则两者所直接构成的界面无法避免地发生卷曲分层,造成对器件层状结构的破坏。如果两层之间加入含有C5-C20个碳的脂肪酸盐长链的双亲分子层,该分子的弹性结构使得该缓冲层具有较强的抗热冲击的能力,从而增强有机发光器件的热稳定性。并且该结构同时也能起到传统缓冲层提高电子注入的作用。
本发明有机缓冲层的制备方法可用热蒸发系统,系统真空度在1.0×10-3Pa以上,温度在300-400℃,双亲分子缓冲层的生长速率是0.1-0.9纳米/分钟,控制双亲分子生长至所需厚度即可。
本发明将含有硬脂酸钠双亲分子超薄缓冲层的器件和传统的器件在真空条件下同时加热到80℃,一小时后冷却至室温。比较加热前后的有机发光器件的性能,可以发现:传统的器件的性能加热后仅相当于加热前的30%,而含有双亲分子超薄缓冲层的器件的性能加热后反而有所提高(如图2)。
本发明用现有的蒸发系统,在本发明条件下不增加设备成本制得有机缓冲层,并且该结构有效地提高了有机发光器件的稳定性和电子注入,对有机发光器件市场化进程起到推动的作用。
附图说明
图1是有机发光器件结构示意图。图中1是阳极,2是空穴传输层,3是有机发光层,4是电子传输层,5是缓冲层,6是阴极。
图2是含硬脂酸钠缓冲层器件热处理前后性能对比图。
图3是传统含氟化锂缓冲层器件热处理前后性能对比图。
具体实施方式
本实施例利用自行设计的有机分子束沉积(OMBD)的高真空系统来生长双亲分子超薄缓冲层。该系统的本底真空为1×10-6Pa,并集成了有机和金属一共十三个束源炉,所有器件的生长过程都在该系统中完成。需要说明的是普通的热蒸发系统也可以用来生长双亲分子。
以硬脂酸钠为缓冲层材料。将温度稳定在340℃±1℃,使得薄膜的生长速率控制在0.3~0.5纳米/分钟。在这样较缓慢的生长速率下,硬脂酸钠分子有足够的时间在衬底上选择一个能量较低方向,即亲脂一端连接喹啉铝而亲水一端连接铝。用原子力显微镜(AFM)进行了观察,结果证明了在这个条件下得到的硬脂酸钠薄膜十分平整。
本发明分别用硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸铝、油酸钠利用现有技术的热蒸发系统分别在300℃、350℃、400℃下,控制生长速率分别为0.1、0.4、0.9纳米/分钟,获得了2nm、3nm、4nm厚度的缓冲层,具有该类缓冲层的器件性能稳定。
Claims (2)
1、一种有机发光器件中的双亲分子缓冲层,有机发光器件由阳极导电玻璃、空穴传输层、有机传输层、电子传输层、缓冲层、金属阴极各层依次组成,其特征是缓冲层是双亲分子C5-C20脂肪酸盐薄膜,其厚度是2-4nm。
2、根据权利要求1所述的有机发光器件中的双亲分子缓冲层的制备方法,其特征是该缓冲层采用热蒸发系统制得,系统真空度在1.0×10-3pa以上,温度在300-400℃,双亲分子缓冲层的生长速率是0.1-0.9纳米/分钟。
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CNB031418031A CN1287639C (zh) | 2003-07-24 | 2003-07-24 | 有机发光器件中的双亲分子缓冲层及其制备方法 |
US10/810,447 US20050017632A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-03-26 | Organic buffer layer for organic light-emitting device and producing method thereof |
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CN100375311C (zh) * | 2004-12-09 | 2008-03-12 | 复旦大学 | 一种新型的有机太阳能电池结构及其制备方法 |
US8044571B2 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2011-10-25 | General Electric Company | Electrode stacks for electroactive devices and methods of fabricating the same |
CN104218185A (zh) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-17 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 有机电致发光器件及该有机电致发光器件的制备方法 |
CN104393023B (zh) * | 2014-12-01 | 2018-01-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种阵列基板及其制作方法、显示装置 |
US20180080718A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. | Heat Pipe with Inner Zeolite Coated Structure |
US10544063B2 (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-01-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of fabricating a ceramic matrix composite |
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US4356429A (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1982-10-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic electroluminescent cell |
US5711964A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-27 | United States Of America | Method for the intracellular delivery of biomolecules using liposomes containing cationic lipids and vitamin D |
US5902677A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1999-05-11 | Motorola, Inc | Modified anode for a display device |
US5888662A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1999-03-30 | Motorola, Inc. | Modified electrodes for display devices |
JP3125777B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-28 | 2001-01-22 | 日本電気株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及びパネル |
US6437040B2 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2002-08-20 | Rhodia Chimie | Water-soluble block copolymers comprising a hydrophilic block and a hydrophobic block |
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US6610363B2 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2003-08-26 | Nanofilm, Ltd. | Composition with film forming alkylsilsesquioxane polymer and method for applying hydrophobic films to surfaces |
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