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CN1283240A - 抗微生物结构物 - Google Patents

抗微生物结构物 Download PDF

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CN1283240A
CN1283240A CN98812514A CN98812514A CN1283240A CN 1283240 A CN1283240 A CN 1283240A CN 98812514 A CN98812514 A CN 98812514A CN 98812514 A CN98812514 A CN 98812514A CN 1283240 A CN1283240 A CN 1283240A
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chitosan
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J·杜特基维茨
K·J·贝维尼茨
L·S·胡尔德
秦建
孙桐
P·R·R·瓦拉雅佩特
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
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Abstract

当将某些抗微生物剂,特别是脱乙酰壳多糖或其他以壳多糖为基础的聚合物,涂敷到例如聚丙烯等疏水性物质的表面时,它们会表现出更强的抗微生物活性。将所述抗微生物剂施加到例如聚丙烯无纺织物表面时,所得的材料可用来作为尿布的里村以达到除异味和增强皮肤舒适感的目的。

Description

抗微生物结构物
发明背景
阻止或抑制细菌生长的抗微生物剂在医疗和个人卫生保健领域得到了广泛应用。这些应用中的一些涉及到将抗微生物剂与固体表面相结合，这种情况下，在保持抗微生物剂抗微生物活性的同时，将抗微生物剂结合到固体表面是必要的。但遗憾的是：在上述这种结合过程中抗微生物剂的抗微生物活性可能会降低，从而使得到的材料不具有足够的效力。
因此，需要一种表现出高抗微生物活性的涂布抗微生物材料。这样的材料可用作诸如尿布里衬等个人卫生物品的某些成分。
发明概要
现在已经发现：将某些抗微生物剂，如脱乙酰壳多糖或其他基于壳多糖的物质薄薄地涂敷在一具有疏水性表面的底材上后，抗微生物剂所表现的抗微生物活性比抗微生物剂单独作用时还要高。通常，抗微生物活性能提高约10％或更高，更具体地约50％或更高，更具体地约100％或更高，还更具体地约200％或更高，最具体的说抗微生物活性提高范围在约10％-约500％。这里所说的“抗微生物”包括使微生物隔离或固定化以使它们在某一悬浮介质中的数量减少，而不一定是将微生物杀死。
一方面，本发明的发明点在于制作抗微生物结构物的方法，该方法包括用脱乙酰壳多糖类物质涂布一固态底材的疏水性表面，其中脱乙酰壳多糖类物质在固态底材上分布的量为约0.0005克-约2.5克/平方米。更具体的说，该方法包括以下步骤：(1)制备含有脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的溶液或悬浮液；(2)将上述溶液或悬浮液涂到固态底材的疏水表面上；(3)将涂布的底材干燥；(4)任选对干燥后的结构物进行后处理以使脱乙酰壳多糖类物质不溶解。
另一方面，本发明的发明点在于包含具有疏水性表面的固态底材的抗微生物结构物，所说的疏水性表面具有约0.0005-约2.5克/平方米的脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的涂层。
另一方面，本发明的发明点还在于诸如尿布、失禁用衣物、妇女护垫等个人卫生护理用衣物。上述个人卫生护理用衣物包括一层贴身里衬、一防渗后罩层以及在两者之间的吸收芯层，其中贴身里衬包括聚丙烯无纺织物，在无纺织物上有约0.0005-约2.5克/平方米的脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的涂层。
所述涂布的抗微生物结构物的抗微生物效果似乎至少在一定程度上依赖于底材表面的疏水性以及涂层的厚度或用量。一般说来，所述抗微生物结构物的抗微生物效果随着聚合物底材表面疏水性的增加以及涂层厚度的减小而增强。并不想受缚于特别的理论，一般认为当将脱乙酰壳多糖类物质涂布到诸如聚丙烯等底材的疏水性表面时，聚合物的疏水性表面就会吸引脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的疏水部分(-C-C-)n而排斥其亲水部分(-NH2)。这样就使得涂布的脱乙酰壳多糖类物质中的大部分疏水部分(对抗微生物性而言也是非功能性部分)排列在脱乙酰壳多糖类物质涂层和聚合物底材之间的接触面上。同时涂布的脱乙酰壳多糖类物质中的大部分亲水部分(对抗微生物性而言也是功能性部分)则向外排列在所述结构的表面上。这种大部分功能性部分暴露在表面的结构会增强抗微生物性。在理想结构中100％的功能性部分均排列在涂层的外表面上。既然仅仅涂层的表面部分对该复合结构物的抗微生物性有贡献，那么涂层越薄越好。随着涂层厚度的增加，脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的疏水部分和疏水底材之间的作用力会降低，这样就会减弱亲水部分实际上会优先向外的取向。
对于这里所说的“疏水性”是指某一物质在空气中与水的接触角大于或等于90°，相反，“亲水性”是指某一物质在空气中与水的接触角小于90°。对于本应用目的来说，接触角的测量是根据RobertJ.Good和Robert J.Stromberg所著的《Surface and ColloidScience-Experimental Methods》，第Ⅱ卷(Plenum出版社，1979版本)中所提出的方法进行确定。
对于这里所说的“脱乙酰壳多糖类物质”指脱乙酰壳多糖、改性的脱乙酰壳多糖(如羧甲基壳多糖/脱乙酰壳多糖)以及脱乙酰壳多糖盐。这些物质的分子量范围很大。一般来说，具有很大的分子量和高电荷密度的脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的粘度也很大，粘度太大会妨碍期望的在底材材料上薄且均匀的涂层的形成，粘度大或者需要用适当的溶剂高度稀释，从商业角度来看，由于粘度大而带来的上述两种情况都是不经济的。另一方面，如果脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的分子量太小，至少在使用水溶性脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的情况下，将脱乙酰壳多糖类物质保留在底材表面就会变得困难。为了较好地平衡低成本和脱乙酰壳多糖类物质在底材上的高保留率(即低易洗掉性)之间的关系，建议脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的平均分子量在约1，000-约10，000，000的范围内，具体的说在约2，000-约1，000，000，更具体的说在约3，000-约800，000之间，更为具体地说在约5，000-约500，000的范围内。
对于本发明目的而言，脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的合适的量范围为约0.0005-约2.5克/平方米之间，具体地说在约0.001-约1克/平方米之间，更为具体地说在约0.005-约0.01克/平方米之间。或者，脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的量也可以用相对于脱乙酰壳多糖类物质施加其上的底材的干态重量百分比来表示，用这种表示方法，其重量百分比范围在约0.01％-约10％之间，更具体地说，其重量百分比范围在约0.1％-约5％之间，更为具体地说，其重量百分比范围在约1％-约5％之间。
合适的固态底材包括：各种聚合物的颗粒状物、丝状物、薄膜状物、泡沫状物、纤维状物、附聚物、无纺织物以及织物，但并不限于以上选择。一般来说，尽可能选用具有较大表面积的物理形态。其中合适的聚合物包括疏水性聚合物，例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺以及上述物质的共聚物或混合物。不过，即使是亲水性聚合物经特殊处理也可以形成疏水表面。例如聚丙烯酸由于含有羧酸基(-COOH)而成为一种亲水性聚合物，然而将聚合物溶液在热空气中干燥后，聚丙烯酸的表面就可表现出很好的疏水性。这是由于热空气本质上相对于水来说是具有疏水性的，这样在干燥过程中热空气就会将聚丙烯酸中的疏水部分(-C-C-)N吸引到表面，而同时排斥聚合物中的亲水部分(-COOH)使其离开表面。
在制备涂布基层用的包含脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的涂布溶液或悬浮液时，通常优选水来作溶剂或载体液，这是由于其造价低廉而且没有毒性。脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的重量百分比浓度在约0.1％-约60％的范围内，更具体地说在约0.5％-约50％范围内，更为具体地说在约1％-约30％范围内。特别的产品也可能需要一种或多种助溶剂，所述助溶剂包括但并不限于以下几种：甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇以及其他类似物。
当脱乙酰壳多糖类物质不能溶于溶剂中时，可以制成涂布用的悬浮液。在这种情况下，为了使其具有理想的抗微生物性，必须首先将脱乙酰壳多糖类物质制备成具有很大表面积的形态。这种形态的一个例子是脱乙酰壳多糖微粒粉，其中每一颗粒直径在约0.1微米-约80微米的范围内，当然所述形态并不限于这一例子。除了具有抗微生物特性外，使用具有很大表面积的微粒粉的另一好处就是增强了脱乙酰壳多糖类物质在底材上的附着力。
如果脱乙酰壳多糖类物质在底材上的附着力成为考虑重点的话，可以将另外的粘合剂加入到溶液或悬浮液中。所述粘合剂不应与脱乙酰壳多糖类物质起反应而是要能与其相混溶，这样就不会降低抗微生物性。
在一些最终应用中，本发明中的涂层材料可能会多次暴露在水溶液中。用作尿布贴身表层的涂布材料就是这样一个例子。既然尿布表层会多次受到尿的浸湿，那么防止脱乙酰壳多糖类物质从表层被冲刷掉就变得非常重要。减小涂饰剂易洗掉性的一种方法是使用一种或多种交联剂以使脱乙酰壳多糖类物质不溶解或结合在底材上。在本发明中适合使用的交联剂通常能溶解于用于溶解脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的溶剂中，而且基本不会降低抗微生物性。一种合适的交联剂是具有至少两个能与脱乙酰壳多糖上的活性基起反应的官能团或官能度的有机化合物。所述活性基的例子包括但并不限于以下几种：羧基(-COO)、羧酸基(-COOH)、氨基(-NH2)、羟基(-OH)。所述合适交联剂的例子包括但并不限于以下几种：二胺、聚胺、二醇、多元醇、聚羧酸、多氧化物等。
将交联剂引入脱乙酰壳多糖类物质溶液的一种方法是在制备溶液期间将交联剂与脱乙酰壳多糖类物质混合。另一类合适的交联剂包含带有两个以上正电荷的金属离子，例如Al3+、Fe3+、Ce3+、Ce4+、Ti4+、Zr4+和Cr3+。如果是阳离子聚合物，那么聚阴离子物质也是合适的交联剂，例如聚丙烯酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、多磷酸盐等。由于脱乙酰壳多糖类物质中的阳离子具有抗微生物性，所以除非没有替代的交联剂，否则不优选使用可与阳离子发生反应的交联剂。
为实现本发明目的而使用交联剂时，合适的交联剂的用量，相对于脱乙酰壳多糖类物质干重的重量百分比，在约0.001％-约30％之间，更具体地说在约0.02％-约20％之间，更为具体地说在约0.05％-约10％之间，再为具体地说在约0.1％-约5％之间。
在涂布步骤之后，必须进行干燥以去掉用来溶解或扩散脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的溶剂。而干燥温度很重要，这是由于热空气是疏水性的，可能会造成涂层表面功能性部分数目的减少。一般来说优选相对低的干燥温度。合适的温度可在约40℃-约150℃之间，具体地说在约40℃-约100℃之间，更为具体地说在约40℃-约80℃之间。如果需要较高温度，热空气的疏水性就成为一个很值得考虑的因素，这种情况下应选用湿润的空气。热且湿润空气的相对湿度范围在约30％-约90％之间，具体的说在约40％-约80％之间，更为具体地说在约40％-约70％之间，再为具体地说在约40％-约60％之间。
如前所述，当使用了潜在交联剂时，有必要进行后处理以诱发交联反应。合适的后处理包括但并不限于以下几项：热固化(＞40℃)、紫外线照射、微波处理、电子束辐射、蒸汽或高压处理、有机溶剂或湿处理等。
样品
为了说明本发明中的脱乙酰壳多糖类物质的抗微生物效果，制备了12种不同样品，下面简要列出了这些样品。样品#1    2％脱乙酰壳多糖-盐酸溶液，VNS-608，Mw=11，000，000，乙酰化度=0.14样品#2    35％聚丙烯酸钠溶液，Mw=60，000，中和度=50％样品#3    2％脱乙酰壳多糖乙酸盐溶液，VNS-608，Mw=11，000，000，乙酰化度=0.14样品#4    2％羧甲基纤维素溶液，阿奎纶CMC-7H3SXF，DS=0.7，Mw=1，000，000样品#5    20％聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵溶液样品#6    醋酸脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜(厚度为0.3mm)，为样品#3的流延薄膜样品#7    脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜(厚度为0.3mm)，将样品#6用1％的硫酸处理，清洗/干燥而得样品#8    硫酸脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜(厚度为0.3mm)，将样品#6用1％的氢氧化钠处理，清洗/干燥而得样品#9    聚丙烯(PP)纺粘里衬(每平方码0.50盎司；旦数为2dpf)用3wt％乙酸脱乙酰壳多糖溶液涂布(样品#3溶液)样品#10   PP纺粘里衬用3wt％硫酸脱乙酰壳多糖涂布，用1％的硫酸处理样品#9，清洗/干燥而得样品#11   PP纺粘里衬用3wt％脱乙酰壳多糖涂布，用1％的氢氧化钠液处理样品#9，清洗/干燥而得样品#12   PP纺粘里衬W0/涂布(作为对照样品)
样品的制备
不同的样品以如下方式进行制备。
样品1：将18克脱乙酰壳多糖(使用的是Washinton Redmond的Vanson Chemical Company Inc.的VNS-608；其分子量为11，000，000；乙酰化度为0.14)分散于544克的蒸馏水中，向此混合物加入6.4毫升的浓度为37％的盐酸水溶液。搅拌所得混合物直到脱乙酰壳多糖溶解。再向上述溶液中加入37毫升蒸馏水。接着将所得溶液搅拌30分钟，然后通过使用聚丙烯过滤网的布氏漏斗将其过滤。
样品2：将35克的聚丙烯酸钠(分子量为60，000，中和度为50％)溶解在65克的蒸馏水中，然后搅拌混合物直到溶液澄清。
样品3：将4.5克的脱乙酰壳多糖(与样品1中的相同)分散在185.5克的蒸馏水中。向该混合物中加入1.5毫升的冰乙酸，然后搅拌所得混合物直到脱乙酰壳多糖溶解。将33.5毫升的蒸馏水加入上述溶液中，然后再搅拌该溶液30分钟，通过使用聚丙烯过滤网的布氏漏斗进行过滤。
样品4：将2克的羧甲基纤维素(使用的是Aqualon Oil FieldChemicals，Division of Hercules Incorporated，Houston，Texas的CMC-7H3SXF；其分子量为1，000，000；置换度为0.7)溶解在98克的蒸馏水中，然后搅拌该混合物直到溶液澄清。
样品5：将68毫升的重量百分比浓度为60％重量的二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵单体的水溶液倒入一500毫升的锥形瓶中。再向其中加入约132毫升的蒸馏水而得到浓度为20％的二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水溶液。接着用氮气将该溶液清洗20分钟，然后放入维持在60℃的振动式水浴中。在单体溶液的温度达到60℃后，在单体溶液中溶入0.072克的过硫酸钾和0.28克的亚硫酸氢钠以诱发聚合反应。溶液保持60℃，反应持续24小时。反应完成后，在粘性的聚合物溶液中加入1升丙酮以使聚合物沉淀。沉淀的聚合物再次溶解于200毫升的蒸馏水中，然后在1000毫升的丙酮中再次进行沉淀。这样溶解和沉淀的过程反复进行3次，回收的聚合物在40℃进行干燥。再将20克干燥后的聚合物溶解在80毫升的蒸馏水中以制得浓度为20％的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水溶液。
样品6：将10克的脱乙酰壳多糖类物质(在1％乙酸中粘度为11，400cps的VSN-608(来自Vanson)的1％溶液的)悬浮于2升的蒸馏水中，再与乙酸混合使得脱乙酰壳多糖与乙酸的摩尔比约为0.9∶1。经15小时以上的混合后，脱乙酰壳多糖类物质完全溶解。(该溶液(浓度为0.5％)被用于薄膜流延和无纺涂层处理以制备下述样品中的几种)。将所得溶液倾入表面处理(无粘性的)的蒸发皿上，然后在室温条件下空气干燥两天。干燥后的薄膜在80℃进行热处理30分钟。
样品7：样品6中所得的薄膜在大量的1％硫酸水溶液中浸泡至少4小时，再用蒸馏水进行彻底冲洗，并在60℃的条件下进行干燥。
样品8：样品6中所得的薄膜在大量的1％氢氧化钠水溶液中浸泡至少4小时，再用蒸馏水进行彻底冲洗，并在60℃的条件下进行干燥。
样品9：从Kimberly-Clark公司生产的HUGGIES尿布上取下商用的聚丙烯纺粘里衬，并将其浸入样品6制备中所述的0.5％的脱乙酰壳多糖乙酸溶液中，并在室温下进行干燥(里衬表面上的大部分脱乙酰壳多糖乙酸溶液被除去而得到一均匀涂层)。干燥后的里衬在80℃进行热处理30分钟。根据处理前后的重量差估计出有约5.5％(干重)的乙酸脱乙酰壳多糖涂布到里衬表面上。
样品10：样品9的处理后的里衬在大量的1％硫酸水溶液中浸泡至少2小时，再用蒸馏水进行彻底冲洗，并在60℃的条件下进行干燥。
样品11：样品9的处理后的里衬在大量的1％氢氧化钠水溶液中浸泡至少2小时，再用蒸馏水进行彻底冲洗，并在60℃的条件下进行干燥。
样品12：没有经处理的聚丙烯纺粘里衬商品。
样品的抗微生物性测试样品1-4
针对(#1-#4)溶液样品：测试这样进行：将被测试溶液与攻击有机体(大肠杆菌、金色链霉菌、铜绿假单胞菌、(C.albicans)、黑曲霉菌)相混合，在室温下培养24小时(对于酵母菌培养多至48小时，对于霉菌需7天)。以一定的时间间隔对混合溶液进行采样以确定在测试样品中存留的活有机体数量。在样品混合溶液中存留有机体的菌落计数可以定量测出抗微生物活性，使用菌落形成单位(CFU)进行计数。样品5
针对#5溶液样品：在20％的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵溶液中分别接种攻击有机体(大肠杆菌、金色链霉菌、(C.albicans))，在31℃下进行培养，以进行测试。在0、6、30和54小时的时间点对溶液进行连续稀释。在1％TSA的双份平板上对大肠杆菌和金色链霉菌进行计数，在沙氏葡萄糖琼脂基片上对(C.albicans)进行计数。样品6
针对(#6-#8)薄膜样品：将测试材料切成25mg、50mg和100mg三个样品重量，分别放在带6个孔的FALCON组织培养平板的孔中。金色链霉菌种菌在生理盐水中制备，使得细菌浓度固定在约5×106CFU/ml.加到预称重样品中的种菌的体积是：在#6样品中加入10ml(由于物质具有吸收性)，在#7和#8样品中均加入5ml。盖好已接种的样品并将其放在设在100rpm的旋转平台上培养。在0、2和4小时时间点在(letheen)中和培养基中制备一系列样品稀释液。存活金色链霉菌的恢复期由将稀释液平板接种到营养琼脂上决定。在指定的时间点对纯净种菌(5ml)对照样品同时进行测定。抗微生物活性由样品恢复期与对照物恢复期的相对值来确定。注：仅金色链霉菌用这种方法来测定。样品9-12
针对(#9-#12)涂布样品：用标准的模压切割机将测试材料切成11/8英寸的圆片，并在试验前称重。清洗各试验用有机体(金色链霉菌，大肠杆菌，c.albicans)，再将它们重新悬浮于PH值为5的乙酸缓冲溶液中。以每毫克的测试样品2μm种菌的量将有机体施加到测试材料上。在0、3和6小时时间点对接种的有机体进行接触培养。零时间点的样品要立即进行测试，3和6小时时间点的样品在一无菌、潮湿、密闭的温度保持在31℃(约皮肤表面温度)的腔室中培养。通过将培养圆片放入25毫升(letheen)中和溶液中，然后使其快速旋转30秒以使粘附的有机体进入周围的液体中来处理样品。将上述溶液的系列稀释液平板涂布培养到营养琼脂上以使存活下来的细菌得到恢复。用样品中恢复的有机体相对对照物的菌落计数即可定量测出抗微生物活性。
下表中简要地列出了抗微生物试验的结果。
              表1：             溶液
样品#有机体    CFU’s@t=0小时 CFU’s@t=24小时 CFU’s@t=30小时
#1  金色链霉菌   1.9×107          0
铜绿假单胞菌     4.9×106          1.4×105
大肠杆菌         2.1×105          0
C.albicans       0                  0
黑曲霉菌         2.2×105          2.4×106
#2  金色链霉菌   6.3×107          4.1×107
铜绿假单胞菌     6.4×106          0
大肠杆菌         1.4×107          0
C.albicans       6.3×105          1.6×104
黑曲霉菌         4.7×105          1.3×106
#3  金色链霉菌   1.7×106          1.7×107
铜绿假单胞菌     4.0×105          0
大肠杆菌         3.8×105          6.4×103
C.albicans       0                  0
黑曲霉菌         7.7×104          4.6×105
#4  金色链霉菌   7.2×107          1.8×106
铜绿假单胞菌     5.0×107          6.5×106
大肠杆菌         4.2×107          6.4×106
C.albicans       5.5×105          9.4×106
黑曲霉菌         8.5×105          8.4×105
#5  大肠杆菌     1.64×105                          0
金色链霉菌       1.37×105                          0
C.albicans       1.88×105                          0结论：盐酸脱乙酰壳多糖(样品1)和乙酸脱乙酰壳多糖(样品3)的抗微生物活性明显高于聚丙烯酸钠(样品2)和羧甲基纤维素(样品4)的抗微生物活性。聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(样品5)也表现出较高的抗微生物活性。
                       表2脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜
                    (金色链霉菌种菌 5.9×106)
样品质量 时间(小时)   样品#6        样品#7        样品#8      对照样品
25mg         0       3.9×106     6.1×106    7.7×106    7.9×106
             2       1.3×104     6.4×106    5.2×106    1.2×106
             4       6.9×104     7.9×106    2.2×106    1.7×105
50mg         0       5.0×106     5.9×106    4.9×106    7.9×106
             2       7.1×103     5.1×106    3.6×106    1.2×106
             4       1.4×103     5.4×106    3.5×106    1.7×105
100mg        0         n/e         5.5×106    6.4×106    7.9×106
             2         n/e         9.6×106    2.4×106    1.2×106
             4         n/e         7.0×106    2.9×105    1.7×105结论：仅有乙酸脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜(样品6)呈现出抗微生物活性。脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜(样品8)和硫酸脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜(样品7)则没有抗微生物活性。
注：符号n/e是指“没有评定”
         表3涂布到聚丙烯里衬上的脱乙酰壳多糖有机体          时间(hr)  样品#9     样品#10     样品#11     样品12金色链霉菌         0     8.1×106   7.6×106  5.7×106   8.2×106(Inoc.7.3×106)   3     5.6×103   8.6×105  2.3×103   7.3×1066     3.0×103   4.3×105  ＜100       2.8×105大肠杆菌           0     3.0×106   4.0×106  3.7×106   3.7×106(Inoc.4.1×106)   3     ＜100       4.6×104  2.5×103   6.8×1056     ＜100       7.9×103  ＜100        5.8×105C.albicans         0    3.9×104    8.1×104    8.1×104    6.3×104(Inoc.5.0×104)   3    7.0×103    5.2×104    1.0×104    4.8×1046    3.0×103    1.3×104     ＜100       1.7×104
结论：涂布在疏水性表面上的乙酸脱乙酰壳多糖(样品#9)、硫酸脱乙酰壳多糖(样品#10)和脱乙酰壳多糖(样品#11)与对照物(样品#12)相比表现有抗微生物活性。
将样品6与样品9、样品7与样品10、样品8与样品11的抗微生物活性分别进行对比，很明显地表现出：对于金色链霉菌，本发明中抗微生物结构(涂布到聚丙烯无纺织物上的脱乙酰壳多糖)的抗微生物活性比单独的脱乙酰壳多糖薄膜的抗微生物活性要高。
为了进行说明所给出的上述实例并不能解释为对本发明范围的限制，本发明的范围由下述权利要求书及与其中的等同情况所确定。

Claims (14)

1、一种抗微生物结构物的制作方法，包括用脱乙酰壳多糖物质涂布固态底材的疏水性表面，其中脱乙酰壳多糖物质在固态底材上的量为每平方米约0.0005克至约2.5克。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述脱乙酰壳多糖物质的量为每平方米约0.001克至约1克。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述脱乙酰壳多糖物质的量为每平方米约0.005克至约0.01克。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述底材为无纺织物。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述底材为聚丙烯无纺织物。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法，其中脱乙酰壳多糖涂层作为含有约0.1重量％至约60重量％的脱乙酰壳多糖物质的水溶液或悬浮液施加到所述底材上。
7、如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述的水溶液或悬浮液中还含有用于将脱乙酰壳多糖物质结合到底材的交联剂。
8、如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述交联剂的量为约0.001重量％至约30重量％，基于脱乙酰壳多糖物质干重。
9、如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述的脱乙酰壳多糖涂层在约40℃至约150℃的温度范围下进行干燥。
10、一种抗微生物结构物，包括具有疏水性表面的固态底材，在所述疏水性表面上有脱乙酰壳多糖物质涂层，涂布量为每平方米约0.0005克至约2.5克。
11、如权利要求10所述的抗微生物结构物，其中所述脱乙酰壳多糖物质的量为每平方米约0.001克至约1克。
12、如权利要求10所述的抗微生物结构物，其中所述脱乙酰壳多糖物质的量为每平方米约0.005克至约0.01克。
13、一种湿性擦拭物，包含有如权利要求10所述的抗微生物结构物。
14、诸如尿布、失禁用衣物、妇女护垫等的个人卫生护理用衣物，包括贴身里衬、防渗后罩层以及位于两者之间的吸收芯层，其中贴身里衬包括聚丙烯无纺织物，在无纺织物上有每平方米约0.0005克至约2.5克脱乙酰壳多糖物质涂层。
CN98812514A 1997-12-23 1998-12-17 抗微生物结构物 Pending CN1283240A (zh)

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