CN1275527C - Plant source pesticide and production method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pesticide, in particular to a botanical pesticide and a production method thereof. It is prepared from birch bark powder, ginkgo leaf powder and ginseng leaf powder through extracting in alcohol, removing dregs, mixing, recovering alcohol, concentrating, and regulating specific weight and alcohol content. It has strong inhibiting and killing effect on bacteria, fungi and viruses causing plant diseases, forms a drug film with strong adhesive force, has long residual effect period and high utilization rate, and cannot generate drug resistance to the germs even if the germs are used for a large area for a long time; the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops can be improved; promoting the growth of crops and improving the yield; is safe to human and livestock and has no public nuisance. Meanwhile, the performance is stable, and the use is simple and easy; the preparation process is simple. Is a preferred pesticide for preventing and treating various diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic bacteria, such as tea trees, tobaccos, grapes, vegetables, flowers and plants and the like. It can also be used as plant growth regulator for improving disease resistance and stress resistance of various crops, promoting growth and increasing yield.

Description

Botanical pesticide and production method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural chemicals, particularly botanical pesticide and production method thereof.Be the first-selected agricultural chemicals of controls such as tea tree, tobacco, grape and vegetables, flowers and plants by pathogenic microbial all kinds of diseases such as fungi, bacterium, virus.Also can be used as and improve all kinds of crop disease-resistants, resistance, the long plant growth regulator that improves output of promotion production.

Background technology

Agricultural chemicals is to ensure that plant growth avoids damage by disease and insect and corrode and destroy, and the good environment institute that creates oneself's growth is essential.At present countries in the world for plant particularly grain and oil crop sowing, growth, storage etc. each the time interim generation the infringement of virus, bacterium, insect pest the time, the 95%th, treat and prevent with chemical synthetic pesticide.Yet chemical pesticide has been a well known fact to the pollution of environment, to the destruction of ecotope.A large amount of uses of chemical pesticide are except that direct or indirect poisoning that can cause people and animals even death, also because its residual on soil and crop, and soil, underground water, river, lake etc. are polluted, bring harm especially for descendants's living environment and health.The chemical pesticide that uses efficient, wide spectrum has also often been killed a large amount of useful natural enemies, thereby has been made the natural ecological balance suffer serious destruction when killing off the insect pests.Simultaneously a large amount of experiment and facts have proved that using chemical pesticide for a long time and in a large number can make insect, harmful microorganism and virus etc. develop immunity to drugs.Therefore, the Chinese government has prohibited the big chemical pesticide of some toxicity high residue amounts and has used or the restriction use.Also there are biopesticide such as microbiology class agricultural chemicals to come out Just because of this in recent years.Side effect is little, good to environment compatibility because it has, damage by disease and insect is difficult for producing plurality of advantages such as resistance, and becomes a kind of trend and direction of global agricultural chemicals development day by day.But also because microbial pesticide exists such as be subjected to many condition restriction in storing and using, product easily lost efficacy, also had when using parts not fully up to expectations such as certain technical requirements, it is applied be subjected to certain limitation.Also there is botanical pesticide to appear on the market for these reasons in succession, although its quantity is few, and function singleness, it mainly acts on is pest control, also is that botanical pesticide steps a gratifying step.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of natural broad-spectrum that has, nuisanceless, bacterium, fungi and virus that stronger inhibition and killing action are arranged to causing plant disease, and long availability height of the longevity of residure, long-term large tracts of land uses germ also can not develop immunity to drugs to it; Can improve disease resistance and cold-resistant, the drought-resistant ability of crop; Promote plant growth, promote fruit class crop early flowering, fruit-setting rate height, raising output; Nuisanceless and the poisoning to the person poultry safety.Simultaneously stable and reliable for performance, use simple; The simple cost of preparation technology is low, is beneficial to and applies.

Another object of the present invention also is to provide a kind of preparation method.

The objective of the invention is to realize by the following technical solutions, be respectively through alcohol extract, remove slag, mix concentrated, regulate proportion and pure content forms, its raw material is by ratio of weight and the number of copies:

Birch-bark powder 0.5-1

Ginkgo leaf powder 1-2

Folium panacis japonici cum caule's powder 0.8-1.2

Described raw material weight umber ratio is:

Birch-bark powder 0.5

Ginkgo leaf powder 2

Folium panacis japonici cum caule's powder 1.2

The process for preparing described agricultural chemicals: A) get the birch-bark powder with 70% alcohol extract of 6 times of weight two hours by prescription; Its residue is used two hours filter and remove residues of alcohol extract of 70% of 4 times of weight, secondary raffinate mixing for standby use again; Powder, folium panacis japonici cum caule's powder when B) getting ginkgo by proportioning, 70% ethanol with 8,6,4 times of weight respectively extracts two hours filter and remove residues successively, No. three extract mixing for standby use; C) A extract and B extract are merged, reclaim ethanol and be concentrated into proportion 1.10, to proportion 1.0, the alcohol amount that contains that makes concentrate is 60% to be finished product with ethanol dilution.

The present invention compares with present technology, because having adopted skin, the leaf of pure natural plant is raw material, scientific preparation process in addition, and prove that through virulence and grape yield increasing effect test bacterium, fungi and the virus that causes plant disease is had stronger inhibition and killing action, and the extremely strong medicine film of formation one deck adhesive force to the pathogenic bacteria that adapt to, the longevity of residure is long, the availability height even long-term large tracts of land uses germ also can not develop immunity to drugs to it, and can improve disease resistance and the resistance of crop; Promote plant growth to improve output; The person poultry safety is had no side effect and poisoning.Simultaneously stable and reliable for performance, use simple; Preparation technology is simple, low being beneficial to of cost applied.Also provide advantage for producing non-harmful pollution-free food.

Embodiment

The present invention further specifies the content of invention by embodiment, does not limit but be not implemented example.

Embodiment 1, get the birch-bark powder of 1 part of weight, the ethanol that adds 6 times of weight 70% extracts filtration in 2 hours at normal temperatures, and its residue extracted 2 hours for the second time with 70% ethanol of 4 times of weight again, and filter and remove residue is with extracted twice liquid mixing for standby use; Powder, 1.2 parts of weight folium panacis japonici cum caule powder when getting 2 parts of weight ginkgoes are with 70% alcohol extract of the two 8 times of weight hour; Its slag extracts hour once more with 70% ethanol of 6 times of weight; Filter residue extracted 2 hours for the third time with 70% ethanol of 4 times of weight, and filter and remove residue mixes the back with No. three extracts and merges with birch-bark powder extract, reclaim ethanol, be concentrated into proportion 1.1, again with this concentrate with ethanol dilution to proportion 1.0, the alcohol amount of containing that makes concentrate is 60% to be finished product.

The same step and the process conditions of embodiment 2, use-case 1 are got the birch-bark powder of 1 part of weight, and extracted twice liquid merges; Get the ginkgo leaf powder of 1 part of weight, folium panacis japonici cum caule's powder of 0.8 part of weight, merge with birch-bark powder extract again after No. three times extract mixes, reclaim ethanol, be concentrated into proportion 1.1, regulating proportion with ethanol again is that 1.0 ± 0.05 to make the alcohol amount that contains of concentrate be 60% to be finished product.

The botanical pesticide product of the inventive method preparation contains active ingredients such as terpenes, plant general flavone, panaxoside.

Dilute with water 400-600 doubly when product of the present invention used, plant corpus, blade are carried out spray application, can form the interrupted or continuous medicine film of one deck, pathogenic bacteria are suppressed by the active ingredient in the medicine film or kill, can not continue the invaded plants body, thereby the plant corpus symptom is weakened until disappearance.Because this medicine film adhesive force is extremely strong, difficult being washed out by rainwater causes long availability height of the longevity of residure.Have after simultaneously its active ingredient is absorbed by crop that obvious raising is cold-resistant, drought resisting and growth promoting function, improve output, and confirmed by test.For inhibition or bactericidal effect that further confirms product of the present invention and the situation that promotes plant growth raising output, see its test report for details.

The toxicity test of botanical pesticide

One, materials and methods

1, for the examination material

Botanical pesticide for examination is natural plant extracts, and for mainly containing effective constituent, Co., Ltd provides by the wild health products in sky, Shenyang City with flavonoids and terpenes etc.; For the plant pathogenic fungi of examination, cucumber fusarium axysporum (Fusariumoxysporum f.sp.cucumarinum), botrytis cinerea (Bortynaria cinerea) are provided by plant protection institute of Agricultural University Of Shenyang plant immune chamber; Rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae), Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Rhizoctonia solani), bean anthrax bacteria (Collettrichum lindemuthian), tomato early blight bacterium (Alternaria solani) are provided by plant pathology teaching and research room of plant protection institute of Agricultural University Of Shenyang.

2, assay method

2.1 growth rate method: will be transferred on the flat board from the inclined-plane for the examination bacterium, cultivate 3-5 days, it is standby to buy cut-off footpath 6mm bacterium cake with card punch along colony edge.Institute's reagent agent is made into a series of gradient concentrations, accurately draws the 1ml soup in culture dish, add 9ml PAD medium, fully mixing is made toxic medium.Get the bacterium cake in toxic medium central authorities, each is handled and repeats 4 times, and other establishes sterile water and does contrast.Put in 25 ℃ of insulating boxs cultivate certain hour after, measure bacterium colony with the right-angled intersection method and increase diameter, and calculate the inhibiting rate of medicament germ.

Computational methods:

2.2 spore germination method: in the test tube on germ inclined-plane, go into a small amount of sterile water, scrape spore gently, pour triangular flask into, be diluted to each visual field 80-100 spore under the low-powered microscope with sterile water with oese.Draw this spore suspension 2ml and inject dactylethrae, add certain density botanical pesticide medicament again and be mixed with desired concn.Shake up the back and draw 200 μ l with sampler and place concave slide, each is handled and repeats 4 times, does contrast with adding medicine not, in the culture dish that is lined with insulation filter paper, and 28 ℃ of constant temperature culture, 8-12 hour investigation spore germination situation, record experimental result.

Computational methods:

2.3 the potted plant test of pesticide effectiveness method of bactericide: potted plant tomato seedling in the greenhouse, the experiment kind is L402, reagent agent is mixed with dilution by desired concn, evenly spray is distributed on the tomato seedling of transplanting 1 month respectively, spray cloth is with the botrytis cinerea spore suspension of 5% Fructus Hordei Germinatus sugar fluid configuration after 24 hours, spore concentration is about 1 * 107/ml, do contrast only to spray the ash arrhizus bacteria spore suspension, 20 ℃ of following humidifications were cultivated 48 hours, every processing 38 strains, 20 days " Invest, Then Investigate " disease indexs, and calculate control efficiency.

Sick leaf grade scale:

0 grade: no scab; 1 grade: scab accounts for leaf area below 10%; 2 grades: scab accounts for leaf area 10-25%; 3 grades: scab accounts for leaf area 25-50%; 4 grades: scab accounts for leaf area more than 50%; 5 grades: the complete stool blade is withered.

Computational methods:

2.4 chemical injury of crops (safety) is measured

Get the nutrition soil small flower of packing into, broadcast into cucumber seeds, treat that cotyledon flattens after, the botanical pesticide dilution of preparation variable concentrations evenly is sprayed on each blade, sprays once every 7 days, connect and spray three times, per 16 handle strain, and secondary repeats, and are contrast with the spray clear water, every day, whether observed and recorded the growth failure phenomenon occurred, write down its symptom and degree if any poisoning, and the length and width value of investigation emergence rate, survival rate of seedlings, rough leaf, plant height, single-strain fresh weight etc., reach a conclusion with this.

Two, result and analysis

1, botanical pesticide is to the influence of plant pathogenic fungi mycelial growth

The growth rate method is one of conventional method of bactericide toxicity test, and its principle is that the medium of certain density soup with heat mixed, and makes flat board, connects for the examination bacterium, behind the cultivation certain hour, judges medicament virulence size with mycelial growth rate.Through the measurement results of fungies such as sickle-like bacteria, botrytis, rhizoctonia, anthrax-bacilus, Alternariaspp, pears type spore bacterium is shown: 200 times, 400 times, 600 times of botanical pesticides all have in various degree inhibitory action to examination disease fungus mycelia, and along with the increase of liquor strength, inhibitory action strengthens, and sees Table 1.

Table 1 botanical pesticide is to plant pathogenic fungi bacteriostatic activity measurement result

Disease fungus	200 times		400 times		600 times		Blank
								Colony diameter	Inhibiting rate	Colony diameter	Inhibiting rate	Colony diameter	Inhibiting rate	Colony diameter

	(mm)	(％)	(mm)	(％)	(mm)	(％)	(mm)
								The reamer bacterium	24.3	38.6	30.5	22.8	32.3	18.4	39.5
Botrytis cinerea	27.3	49.0	31.2	41.6	35.0	34.6	53.5
								Rhizoctonia	51.3	36.6	56.3	33.7	61.5	27.6	85.0
Anthrax-bacilus	24.0	36.8	32.0	15.8	35.3	7.2	38.0
								Alternariaspp	14.0	48.1	20.0	25.9	23.0	14.8	27.0
Pyricularia oryzae	16.5	21.4	19.5	7.1	20.0	4.8	21.0

2, botanical pesticide is to the influence of pathogen spore germination

The spore germination method also is one of conventional method of bactericide toxicity test, and its principle is behind the spore Mixed culture certain hour with certain density soup and pathogen, judges medicament virulence size with the ratio of spore germination.Result of the test shows: 200 times, 400 times, 600 times spore germinations to disease fungus of botanical pesticide all have inhibitory action to a certain degree, though the part spore can be sprouted, the speed of germ tube elongation obviously slows down, and the deformity that has the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 botanical pesticide is to the influence of cause of disease spore germination

Concentration	Sickle-like bacteria			Botrytis cinerea
							The investigation spore count	Sprout number	Germination rate (%)	The investigation spore count	Sprout number	Germination rate (%)
	200 times	112	11.5	10.3	70.5	12.5							17.7
400 times							75	22.5	29.2	72.5	18.5	25.5
	600 times	106	51.5	48.6	85.5	25.0							42.7
Contrast							122	88.5	72.5	85.5	53.0	62.0

3, botanical pesticide is to the control efficiency of potted plant graw mold of tomato

Utilize the basin alms bowl to cultivate young tender plant and carry out biologicall test and be one of effective ways of traditional research bactericide, the gained conclusion has higher reference value to instructing control in field.This result of the test shows botanical pesticide 200---400 times of liquid control graw mold of tomato in seedling stage, and relative control effect reaches more than 61%, sees Table 3.

Table 3 botanical pesticide is to the control efficiency of potted plant graw mold of tomato

Handle	Investigate total number of sheets	Severity						Disease index	Relative control effect (%)
										0 grade	1 grade	2 grades	3 grades	4 grades	5 grades
		200 times	21	14	2	0	4											13.33	64.0
400 times	21							11	4	1	3			14.28	61.5
		600 times	21	13	3	2	2											10.47	71.77
Contrast	21							3	4	8	5	1		37.10

4, botanical pesticide is measured the safety of cucumber seedling

Result of the test shows, after botanical pesticide is handled cucumber seeds and is sprayed the blade face, cucumber plant safety, do not find that any physiology course is unusual, plant is abnormal, symptom of chemical damage such as be obstructed grows, and try in the concentration 200-600 times scope, have tangible stimulation plant strain growth, increase effects such as leaf area and increase single-strain fresh weight, see Table 4.

Table 4 botanical pesticide is to the influence of cucumber growth

Handle	Emergence rate (%)	Survival rate of seedlings (%)	Leaf long (mm)	Leaf wide (mm)	Plant height (mm)	Single-strain fresh weight (g)
							200 times	100	100	64.7	88.5	27.3	12.6
400 times	100	100	63.7	84.8	27.1	12.8
							600 times	100	100	61.9	82.1	25.4	11.9
Contrast	100	100	61.9	74.1	22.0	10.1

Three, conclusion

Show in the botanical pesticide 200-400 times scope, to have certain inhibition mycelial growth and spore sprouting effect through Toxicity Determination result, be broad spectrum activity common various plants disease funguses such as cucumber germs; 600 times of liquid sprayings of greenhouse pot culture control graw mold of tomato, preventive effect reaches 71.77%, has the effect of tangible stimulation plant strain growth concurrently, to tame crop safety.Because of it derives from plant, have advantages such as environmentally safe, noresidue, be one the biopesticide of DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT to be arranged very.

Botanical pesticide is to grape disease and effect of increasing production Test Summary thereof

One, test material and design

What test was that sky, Shenyang City open country health products Co., Ltd extracts with botanical pesticide from natural plants is the extract of main component with flavonoids and terpenes.Different times by its growth during use dilutes different multiple foliage-sprays (front of leaf, the back side all need be sprayed onto).4 years living vineyaries (vineyard, village, river bend, countryside, Hun River station, Shenyang) are selected in test; Huge rich kind; Be treated to: the leaf stretching period in grape growth begins to spray (diluting 600 times), sprays once every 15 days, totally three hands over, and is 500 times of dilutions when second and third time sprays; Blank (not spraying this agricultural chemicals) is established in interlacing, and three repetitions are promptly handled with contrast and respectively established triplex row, and every row is set every two from second strain and investigated strains, and every row investigation 5 strains are handled and contrasted and respectively investigate 15 strains.

Two, statistical method:

Three, result of the test

1, to the influence of disease protection effect

Investigate the incidence of disease and the state of an illness progression of anthracnose of grape, anthracnose and downy mildew 20-September 20 May respectively, sees Table 1.

Table 1 botanical pesticide is to the control efficiency of several diseases of grape

	Anthrachose of grape			Anthracnose			Downy mildew
											Incidence of disease %	Disease index	Relative control effect	Incidence of disease %	Disease index	Relative control effect	Incidence of disease %	Disease index	Relative control effect
Botanical pesticide	15.6	6.78	87.8％	18.5	6.93	80.5％	20.4	9.62	79.0％
										Contrast	76.8	55.6		81.2	35.56		78.9	44.7

Botanical pesticide all has good inhibitory effect to the generation of anthracnose of grape, anthracnose, downy mildew, and preventive effect can reach more than 79%.

2, to the influence of grape growth

Get 20 in blade on the young sprout in growth every strain in mid-term, measure its blade face size, the fresh weight of blade, and measure its dry matter weight, see Table 2.

Table 2 botanical pesticide is to the influence of grape growth

Handle	Blade area (cm)	Fresh weight (g)	Leaf dry weight (g)
				Botanical pesticide	15.6×18.7	16.5	4.1
Contrast	12.2×13.5	13.2	3.2

By test as can be known, botanical pesticide has the effect that promotes growth preferably to grape, can improve plant fresh weight and dry weight.

3, to the influence of picking time

Can gather each gathering the date of record by the investigation strain from grape maturity; Each quilt of record is investigated date (handle with contrast and respectively get its mean value) that strain grape is gathered for the last time again.See Table 3.

Table 3 botanical pesticide is to the grape influence of picking time

Handle

Maturation is gathered for the first time

Last maturation is gathered

Botanical pesticide	July 19	October 8
			Contrast	July 26	September 30

By investigation as seen, use the grape strain of botanical pesticide, its fructescence contrasts 7 days in advance, and picking time, contrast prolonged 8 days.

4, to the influence of output

The cumulative calculation gross weight weigh from gather in the crops the grape that to pluck day to September 25 at every turn respectively by investigation strain (, handling and contrast each 15 strain) by scheme.See Table 4.

Table 4 botanical pesticide is to the influence of vintage

Handle	Overall average output (kg)	Rate of growth (%)
			Botanical pesticide	13.8	31.4
Contrast	10.5

After using botanical pesticide, the output of grape can improve 31%, and the grape of results is full, and color and luster is bright deeply.Fruit ear is heavily reached simple grain measure heavily respectively, see Table 5.

Table 5 fruit ear and simple grain are heavy

Handle	Fruit ear heavy (kilogram)	Average simple grain heavy (gram)
			Botanical pesticide	1.01	9.2
Contrast	0.82	7.3

Use behind the botanical pesticide grape fruit with compare, fruit ear is solid, full grains, color and luster is dark.Can improve fruit ear and weigh 23.1%; Improve simple grain and weigh 26.0%.

Four, conclusion

Botanical pesticide 500-600 times liquid is applied to grape, can obviously reduce the incidence of disease of anthracnose of grape, anthracnose, downy mildew, and preventive effect can reach 87.8%, 80.5%, 79.0% respectively; Botanical pesticide has the effect that more significantly stimulates grape growth; Short precocious and prolongation growth and the effect of picking time are arranged; And can improve fruit ear and heavily reach simple grain heavily, can improve output about 30%.

Five, discuss

Botanical pesticide is made up of the pure natural compounds effective that extracts in the plant, it has stronger bacteriostasis, can play the effect of controlling plant diseases, has remarkable promotion robust plant, improve crop disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold-resistant, anti-barren ability, and can improve crop anti-adversity, and can urge precocity and prolong crop growth period and picking time.In this kind active substance by plant absorbing after, can improve intensity of photosynthesis, increase chlorophyll content, accelerate growth and development of plants, thereby increase considerably the accumulation of organic substance, and reach volume increase, synergy, raising plant disease-resistant ability.How botanical pesticide promptly treats further assay determination to the raising degree of vitamin, sugar and equal size in the fruit to the improvement of crop and fruit quality.

Botanical pesticide is because of it derives from plant, to crops safety.Having advantages such as environmentally safe, noresidue, is a kind of biopesticide that DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is arranged very much.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of botanical pesticide is characterized in that respectively through alcohol extract, removes slag, mixes concentrated, regulates proportion and forming with containing the alcohol amount, and its raw material is by ratio of weight and the number of copies:

Birch-bark powder 0.5-1

Ginkgo leaf powder 1-2

Folium panacis japonici cum caule's powder 0.8-1.2.

2, agricultural chemicals according to claim 1 is characterized in that described raw material weight umber ratio is:

Birch-bark powder 0.5

Ginkgo leaf powder 2

Folium panacis japonici cum caule's powder 1.2.

3, the process of preparation claim 1 described agricultural chemicals: A) get the birch-bark powder, with 70% alcohol extract of 6 times of weight two hours by proportioning; Its residue is used two hours filter and remove residues of alcohol extract of 70% of 4 times of weight, secondary raffinate mixing for standby use again; B) get ginkgo leaf powder, folium panacis japonici cum caule's powder by proportioning, 70% ethanol with 8,6,4 times of weight respectively extracts two hours filter and remove residues successively, No. three extract mixing for standby use; C) A extract and B extract are merged, reclaim ethanol and be concentrated into proportion 1.10, to proportion 1.0, the alcohol amount that contains that makes concentrate is 60% to be finished product with ethanol dilution.