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CN1267249A - 增强部件用的高性能的结构泡沫体 - Google Patents

增强部件用的高性能的结构泡沫体 Download PDF

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CN1267249A
CN1267249A CN98808332A CN98808332A CN1267249A CN 1267249 A CN1267249 A CN 1267249A CN 98808332 A CN98808332 A CN 98808332A CN 98808332 A CN98808332 A CN 98808332A CN 1267249 A CN1267249 A CN 1267249A
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布鲁斯·L·哈里森
布拉德利·L·希尔伯恩
韦蒂哈拉·C·科绍耶
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
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    • B29C44/06Making multilayered articles
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    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/32Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof from compositions containing microballoons, e.g. syntactic foams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/58Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres
    • B29C70/66Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres the filler comprising hollow constituents, e.g. syntactic foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/01Liners for load platforms or load compartments
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/06Molding microballoons and binder

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  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

采用高性能的结构泡沫体(26),来增强部件(28,30),比如塑料部件,该泡沫体可在加热条件下于模内配制,或与预先模制的部件一起在环境温度下配制,采用各种成分对该泡沫体的特性进行控制。

Description

增强部件用的高性能的结构泡沫体
本发明的背景技术
结构泡沫体是以很小的质量来满足结构要求的成本有效途径。在汽车工业界,这就意味着金钱。
近年来在制造汽车时,将塑料用作结构部件情况日益增加。塑料重量轻,具有防腐性,在一些场合可回收。上述塑料在强度和加热变形方面会付出代价。已有的塑料包括层状模制复合材料(ASMC@)和ABS材料。在某些应用场合,塑料的强度不够,或塑料的重量过大。于是最好能够提供某些手段来从结构上增强上述塑料。另外最好该手段能够用于非塑料的材料,并且用于非汽车工业界。
本发明的概述
本发明的目的在于提供一种满足上述需要的结构泡沫体。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述的结构泡沫体,其可在加热的条件下,或者可在环境温度下硬化,或者在其它变化条件下硬化。
本发明提供一种高性能的结构泡沫体,以便增强部件,比如塑料部件。该部件可为预先模制的部件,可为空心的,可为槽型,或可完全是要求增强的任何形状的结构部件。该泡沫体最好为可膨胀的双组分的合成材料。该泡沫体最好包括珠,比如玻璃珠、陶瓷珠或塑料珠以便提供所需的粘度,并且降低重量和成本。当泡沫体可膨胀时,可采用发泡剂。最好上述泡沫体包括流变剂以便对该材料的流速进行控制。另外,上述泡沫体可包括稀释剂、填料表面处理剂、橡胶和纤维和其它添加剂。
附图的简要描述
图1为通过本发明的结构泡沫体增强的示意性的塑料部件的顶视图;
图2为图1所示的部件的剖面图,此时泡沫体处于未膨胀状态;
图3为与图2类似的图,此时泡沫体处于膨胀状态;
图4为通过本发明的结构泡沫体增强的另一示意性的塑料部件的顶视图;
图5为图4所示的部件的剖面图,此时泡沫体处于未膨胀状态;
图6为与图5类似的图,此时泡沫体处于膨胀状态;
图7为采用本发明的轻运货车身的透视图。
具体描述
一般来说,本发明涉及两种部件类型的配方,这两种配方可按照在加热条件下的模内部使用场合或环境温度的用于填入预先模制的部件的应用场合进行配制。在其主应用领域,按照上述配方获得的泡沫体可用作空心管状部件的增强件、具有顶部开口的槽型部件的增强件,其沿板状部件的侧边,或沿任何的上述部件的外侧延伸。经增强的上述特定部件不是关键的,尽管在某种程度上,其形状、尺寸和材料会对泡沫体的最终配方产生影响。上述泡沫体最好用作塑料部件的增强件或加强件。但是,在其主要方面,本发明可用于增强或加强由其它类型的材料,包括金属(比如,钢)和玻璃纤维制成的部件。
在实施本发明时,上述泡沫体与其要增强的部件粘接,并且紧密接触。
一般来说,上述泡沫体包括脱膜剂,在这里在加热条件下,泡沫体发生硬化。但是按照本发明的优选实施方式,可采用物理或化学发泡剂以便使泡沫体膨胀,尽管泡沫体可膨胀不是必需的。采用不同的硬化反应速度,以便形成不同的泡沫体来满足不同的处理要求。同样,泡沫体产品的密度也可改变。根据所要求的强度选择泡沫体的密度。比如,泡沫体越轻,其越软弱。可按照下述方式制作该泡沫体,该方式为:其比重为0.3或0.3以上,其抗压强度和模量就其重量来说是很高的。
在实施本发明时,具有多个控制上述配方的因素。加热的模制配方要求内部脱模剂,较慢的硬化剂和物理发泡剂,它们在较高的温度,比如至少在100°F发生反应。在比如,视为77°F的室温下硬化的环境温度产品所要求的与上述情况相反。该产品不应包括脱模剂,因为它们将用于预先模制的部件。必须这样选择硬化的反应热量,从而发泡剂发生反应,而上述部件不会熔化。另外,用于上述部件中的用量就其强度要求来说必须足够高,但是其还要足够低以便获得有效成本。最好,上述泡沫体仅仅用于部件的强度不够的地方。因此,上述泡沫体可位于间隔开的位置以便仅仅在必需的地方,对部件提供支承。
密度和强度是相反的因素。通过在泡沫体中加入空心珠,纤维,以及比如,钛酸酯,强度和模量大大高于将会产生的值。珠,比如玻璃珠会使重量和成本降低。纤维的作用是增强强度,钛酸酯使重量和成本降低,因此使成本降低,获得较高的强度值。当适当地用于上述部件时,可获得轻质、高强度和有效成本的部件的目的。
可知道,本发明提供满足特定需要,比如支承或加强各种部件的结构泡沫体的柔性。因此,本发明不涉及单一产品符合所有类型的方式。该结构泡沫体仅仅用于获得有效成本的场合。用于上述工艺和应用场合的泡沫体的配制一般仅仅用于部件,比如塑料部件的强度不够高,或部件的重量过大的情况。适当选择的配方会使导致重量降低,强度和成本有效的方案,从而满足汽车制造业的优先要求。
图1~3表示用于增强塑料部件的本发明的示意性应用场合。如图所示,该部件10为U型结构,该结构具有槽,其由塑料制成。泡沫体12嵌入到该部件10中。由于该部件10是预先模制的,泡沫体12在环境或室温,比如77°F下硬化。在图2中,泡沫体12处于未膨胀的状态,在硬化之后,泡沫体12膨胀从而完全将部件10中的槽填满。
图4~6表示另一变化形式,其中部件20为塑料板,其与另一部件22间隔开,该另一部件22也由塑料或任何其它的材料,比如钢制成。作为替换方式,部件22可为泡沫体24的支承层,该泡沫体24位于部件20和22之间的间隙中。图5表示处于未膨胀状态的泡沫体24,而图6表示待完全膨胀的泡沫体24。
图7表示用作比如,轻运货车的卡车身(底盘)的本发明的实施例,如图所示,所形成的复合体代替普通的金属板车身。为了形成该车身,通过下述方式形成厚度约为2英寸的泡沫夹芯层26,该方式为:浇注环氧树脂,在350°F下使其硬化5分钟。在夹芯层26的每个侧面,形成另一增强的SMC层,即玻璃纤维增强层。SMC为表示“层状模制复合材料”的公知术语。将上述层28、30相继模制于夹芯层26以上便形成能够抵抗500磅的荷载的夹芯式叠层件。顶层28可具有瓦楞部或任何其它表面图案,或者可为任何形状。同样,底层30可具有任何厚度或形状,或具有任何表面图案。最好上述3个层是相互邻接的。为了用作轻运货车身,上述叠层件的尺寸最好为6英尺×4英尺。
下面对泡沫夹芯层26的作为实例的双组分配方:
组分A
成分                                              重量百分比
环氧树脂                                          62.53
纤维                                              11.87
烘制二氧化硅                                      2.37
脱模剂                                            4.48
发泡剂                                            5.14
玻璃珠                                            12.30
钛酸酯                                            0.60
氧化钙                                            0.71
                                                  100.00
组分B为胺成分,按重量计,其含量与组分A的相同。因此,组分A具有0.95的SPG,而组分B具有1.00的SPG,它们的混合体的SPG含量为0.96。组分A与组分B之间的体积比为3.70∶1.00。
应知道,图1~7所示的部件仅仅是示意性的部件。但是,本发明可用于填充空心管状部件,用于填充U型部件中的槽,用作板状部件的一侧或两侧上的支承件,用作两个部件之间的芯体,用于弯曲部件,用于各种几何形状的部件,另外可按照整个或局部地沿上述部件的外表面敷设的方式使用。本发明的特别适合用于增强SMC,比如形成结构梁,该梁由外包有SMC的泡沫体形成,其用于轻运货车身。其它的汽车方面的应用包括各种支承导轨、空心导轨和支柱,用于增强摇摆板和用于增强驱动轴。但是,本发明不限于汽车领域的应用,而是可具有jet skis**这样的各种用途。
因此,可认为本发明涉及双组分合成泡沫体,该泡沫体最好是可膨胀的。本发明可通过这样的两种泡沫体实现。一种泡沫体在加热的条件下硬化,另一种泡沫体在环境温度下硬化。两种泡沫体具有包覆它们的热塑或热固性塑料。两种组分包括聚合物和催化剂,它们混合在一起,之后通过固定的混合管借助泵送出。该泡沫体通过下述反应硬化,该反应快速进行,在这里,在环境温度下进行得较慢,或该反应在加热条件下进行。加热硬化可在用于e-coating**的汽车喷漆烘炉中进行。可采用的主聚合物具有几种。比如,粘接聚合树脂可为环氧树脂(胺)型、苯乙烯(过氧化物)型、丙烯酸(过氧化物)型、或氨基甲酸乙酯。
可改变密度以便适应所需的条件,比如模量、抗拉强度、颜色、成本、粘度、混合比例和硬化时间。配方和处理条件根据所形成部件所需的特性改变。
在环境温度下硬化的产品与经加热而硬化的产品的不同点在于:所选择的硬化剂必须易起化学反应,以便足以产生硬化所需的热量,并且以足够的快速程度使泡沫产品膨胀。经加热而硬化的泡沫产品必须不产生极端的放热曲线,从而上述部件,特别塑料部件不会因过热而将内部烧坏。大体积的部件比小体积的部件产生很多的热量。于是,必须针对所生产的尺寸的部件,选择硬化剂的反应性。在假定这些教导的情况下,本领域的普通技术人员知道采用什么样的材料和参数。
在环境温度下硬化的产品用于预先模制的或预制的部件,并且在于该部件中或压靠于其上的情况下硬化。经加热而硬化的部件可在模中硬化。比如,可对上述部件进行模制,之后将其放入设置经加热而硬化的泡沫体的模中。上述增强的部件可在泡沫体周围浇注模制。可采用各种已知的方法来形成增强的部件,并且使泡沫体与该部件相接触。
该泡沫体包括多种可能的聚合物主成分。比如,一种成分为珠,该珠最好由玻璃、陶瓷或塑料形成。按聚合物的重量计,上述珠的含量在0~40%的范围内,剩余的为粘接剂和其它的成分。采用珠对粘度进行控制,并且使泡沫体的重量和成本降低。
上述聚合物还包括内部脱模剂或下述剂,该下述剂用于经加热而硬化的产品,但是不用于在环境温度下硬化的产品。采用足够量的脱模剂,该含量取决于条件或模的类型。较新的模比如,要求较少的脱模剂。脱模剂是本领域已知的,其用量必须实现脱模剂的作用。
虽然本发明可通过不能膨胀的泡沫体实现,但是最好上述泡沫体是可膨胀的。可采用化学或物理发泡剂。比如,适合的化学发泡剂为碳酸氢钠。适合的物理发泡剂为液态的塑性环戊烷球,其会变为气态。
上述聚合物还包括流变剂,比如烘制二氧化硅,或细级配填料,比如碳酸钙。最好,按重量计,上述流变剂的含量为5%左右,该含量根据所需的结果而进行上下调整。流变剂的作用是对材料的流速进行控制。
上述聚合物还包括填料表面处理剂,比如硅烷或钛酸酯,其将上述聚合物与填料粘接,提供较强的物理特性。钛酸酯有利于降低重量和成本。按重量计,该材料的含量只需小于1%。
上述聚合物中的另一成分包括按重量约5%(进行上下调整)的橡胶,其使材料的韧性增加。
在上述材料中可加入纤维,比如由玻璃,KELVAR,或碳制成的纤维以便提高其强度。
针对任何所需的目的,可包括其它的添加剂以便提供颜色,其包括用于传递热量等的金属填料。另一成分为增塑剂,比如环氧树脂和稀释剂,其作用与橡胶类似,对上述材料提供柔性。
可改变聚合物的组分或成分,以便提供实际上无数的可能性来满足抗压模量、抗压强度、抗拉强度、比重和柔性模量的任何需要。
根据珠的含量和类型、珠的抗碎强度以及重量,对比重进行控制。添加剂也对比重造成影响。
当泡沫体可膨胀时,其膨胀量通过化学或物理发泡剂来控制。
通过橡胶、膨胀塑性珠、增塑剂的加入、增强的部件、纤维和脱模剂的体积,对模量和强度变量进行控制。
根据本发明的教导,本领域的普通技术人员知道采用什么样的特定成分和其含量来实现泡沫体的所需最终特性。
一般来说,未硬化的材料的特性是这样的,其可添加到模中,从而针对所需的用途,粘度、触变性、比重和凝胶时间会适当地得到平衡。

Claims (25)

1.一种增强部件的方法,其包括下列步骤:采用聚合物粘接树脂,配制合成结构泡沫体,该聚合物粘接树脂是从下述一组成分选择出的,该组成分包括环氧树脂、苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯和氨基甲酸乙酯,在该聚合物粘接树脂中添加模量和强度增强成分,以及降低重量和降低成本成分,将该结构泡沫体压靠于部件上,使该结构泡沫体硬化,将该结构泡沫体粘接于部件上,由此增强该部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于上述模量和强度增加成分为珠体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于上述珠体为玻璃珠。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于采用发泡(blowing)剂,以便在硬化时,使泡沫体膨胀。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于上述发泡剂为化学发泡剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于上述发泡剂为物理发泡剂。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于在泡沫体中包括硬化剂(组织),以便对该聚合物的特性进行控制。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于在上述泡沫体中包括橡胶和纤维,以便增强韧性和强度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于在上述泡沫体中包括流变剂和稀释剂,以便对流速进行控制,并且使粘度降低。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于包括填料表面处理剂,其用于将聚合物与填料粘接以便使泡沫体获得较强的物理特性。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于上述填料表面处理剂采用钛酸酯。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于在上述泡沫体中包括内部脱模剂,在加热的条件下使泡沫体硬化。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于在环境温度下使泡沫体硬化,将该泡沫体与预制部件粘接。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于上述部件由塑料形成。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于上述部件为汽车部件。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于上述部件为轻运货车底盘(bed)。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于上述泡沫体在间隔开的位置与上述部件粘接。
18.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于上述部件为空心的模制部件,上述泡沫体填充到该部件中。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于上述部件由塑料形成。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于上述塑料是从包括SMC和ABS的一组成分中选择出的。
21.一种通过权利要求1所述的方法制成的增强部件。
22.一种通过权利要求14所述的方法制成的增强部件。
23.一种通过权利要求10所述的方法制成的轻运货车底盘。
24.根据权利要求23所述的车底盘,其特征在于该车底盘包括两个塑料层,上述泡沫体为位于两个层之间的夹芯层。
25.根据权利要求24所述的车底盘,其特征在于上述塑料为SMC。
CN98808332A 1997-08-21 1998-08-19 增强部件用的高性能的结构泡沫体 Pending CN1267249A (zh)

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CN103025599A (zh) * 2010-07-21 2013-04-03 Sika技术股份公司 与负载的轴线对准的加固件
CN103025599B (zh) * 2010-07-21 2016-10-19 Sika技术股份公司 与负载的轴线对准的加固件
CN103075455A (zh) * 2012-12-29 2013-05-01 泉州师范学院 一种预制减震高压气囊及其生产工艺
CN104421600A (zh) * 2013-09-11 2015-03-18 宝马股份公司 对纤维增强结构构件附加强化的方法及纤维增强结构构件
CN105711209A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-29 黑龙江鑫达企业集团有限公司 发泡聚丙烯与石墨纤维复合材料增强滑雪板的制备方法

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EP1015216A1 (en) 2000-07-05
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AU8899998A (en) 1999-03-08
CA2301584A1 (en) 1999-02-25
US6451231B1 (en) 2002-09-17
JP2001526122A (ja) 2001-12-18
KR20010023131A (ko) 2001-03-26
AR016855A1 (es) 2001-08-01
TR200000477T2 (tr) 2001-07-23
EP1015216A4 (en) 2002-01-30

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