CN1244378C - 改进吸入性能的浆粕及超吸收性复合材料 - Google Patents
改进吸入性能的浆粕及超吸收性复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种可膨胀吸收性复合材料,它包含约28~约90wt%浆粕、约8~约70wt%超吸收性材料约2~约20wt%粘合纤维,其中复合材料的密度为约0.1g/cc~约0.3g/cc。此种复合材料可用于诸如尿布、训练裤、吸收性内裤及成人失禁用品之类的个人护理产品中。
Description
本申请要求1997年10月23日提交的美国临时申请号60/068,534的优先权。
发明领域
本发明涉及吸收性制品,尤其是可用于个人护理制品如一次性卫生巾、尿布或失禁护垫的吸收性结构体。
发明背景
对个人护理吸收制品要求的性能目标包括制品少泄漏或不泄漏,穿戴者感觉干爽,以及厚度薄以便贴身(与穿戴者吻合)。然而,当前的吸收制品常常由于这样合那样的原因不能达到这些要求。
发生泄漏的原因可能是例如旨在为吸入区或冲击区提供保持液或分配能力的各层的吸入速率不足。为减轻由此种机理导致的泄漏的尝试包括,在吸收制品中加入吸入排出液高峰材料(surgematerial)结构,将其置于该持液或分配材料的上面(即,面朝穿戴者)。授予Latimer的美国专利5,364,382公开非织造布材料,如熔喷、粘合梳理纤网及浆粕的共成形纤网,它能接受并随后将液体交付给持液部件。Latimer的材料结构采用大旦数回弹性纤维与小旦数可湿纤维的掺混物,以实现排出液体的迅速吸入及将液体迅速交付到其下面的持液贮存材料中的目的。另外,授予Ellis的专利5,490,846公开一种改善吸入排出液高峰材料吸入速率的层状结构。
尽管在研制把排出液高峰迅速吸入和迅速交付给持液材料的吸入排出液高峰材料方面取得了这些进展,厚度薄的目标依然未能满意实现。以上列举的吸入排出液高峰材料均相当厚,故当置于吸收制品吸入区时,初次戴上之后会感觉吸收产品的裆部贴身不良并还能导致若干使用性能问题。首先,该产品可能由于吸入排出液高峰材料过厚,在产品与身体之间形成缝隙,从而发生泄漏。其次,当用蓬松材料为液体吸入提供必要空隙容积时穿戴者会感觉产品不舒适。因此,依然需要一种材料,它能迅速吸入排到冲击区的排出液,并或者贮存该排液或者将液体释放以便随后贮存它,而且在排液前还保持比较薄。
本发明一个目的是提供个人护理产品用材料,它能迅速吸入排液并能贮存它或将其输送到邻近材料中以便分配或贮存,而且在所说的排液前保持相对薄。本发明另一个目的是提供一种个人护理产品,排液前它薄故令穿戴者舒适。
发明概述
本发明诸目的是借助一种设计成在排液前非常薄,而被弄湿时迅速膨胀的材料和产品来实现的。
本发明是一种可膨胀吸收性复合材料,其由约30~约90wt%浆粕、约10~约70wt%超吸收性材料和有效数量,例如约1~约20wt%粘合剂制成,其中复合材料的密度为约0.1g/cc~约0.3g/cc。
此种复合材料可用于诸如尿布、训练裤、吸收性内裤、女性卫生用品、成人失禁用品之类的个人护理用品。
附图简述
图1、2及3是本发明各种复合材料的空隙容积生成(量)与饱和度关系的图示。
定义
“亲水”一词形容纤维或纤维表面在与含水液体接触时能被该液体润湿。而材料的润湿程度则又可用接触角以及所涉及的液体与材料之间的表面张力来描述。适用于测定特定纤维材料或纤维材料共混物可湿性的设备和技术可由Cahn SFA-222表面力分析仪系统或者基本等价的系统提供。用此种系统测定时,接触角小于90°的纤维被规定为“可湿”或亲水,而接触角等于或大于90°的纤维则规定为“不可湿”或疏水。
“层”,当采用单数时,可具有双重含义,即单个元件或者多个元件。
“液体”是指非气态、非粒状物质,和/或某种材料,它可流动并可采取将其倒入其中或装有它的容器的内部形状。
本文所使用的术语“非织造布或纤网”是指一种具有由许多单根纤维或线组成的结构的纤网(片材),这些纤维交叉铺置,然而却不是以如同针织物那样可辨认的方式。非织造布或纤网一向由多种方法成形,例如,熔喷法、纺粘法以及粘合梳理纤网法。非织造布的基重一般用每平方码材料的盎司数(osy)或每平方米克数(gsm)表示;纤维的有效直径一般用μm表示。(注:要由osy数值换算为gsm数值,可将osy数值乘以33.91)。
本文所使用的术语“微纤维”是指一种小直径纤维,其平均直径不大于约75μm,例如平均直径介于约0.5μm~50μm,或者更具体地说,微纤维的平均直径介于约2μm~约40μm之间。另一种经常使用的纤维直径表示法是旦数,其定义是每9000m纤维的克数,可根据以平方微米表示的纤维直径乘以用g/cc表示的密度,再乘以0.00707算出。旦数越低,表明纤维越细;旦数越高,表明纤维越粗或越重。例如,已知聚丙烯纤维直径为15μm,要换算为旦数,可求平方,将结果乘以0.89g/cc,再乘以0.00707。于是,15μm聚丙烯纤维的旦数为约:1.42(152×0.89×0.00707=1.415)。在美国以外的地区,该度量单位更普遍采用“tex”(特),它规定为每千米纤维的克数。tex数可按照旦数/9来算出。
“纺粘纤维”是指按如下方法成形的小直径纤维:熔融热塑性材料由许多细小通常为圆形的纺丝孔挤出为熔融丝束,挤出单丝的直径随后可按照例如授予Appel等人的美国专利4,340,563及授予Dorschner等人的美国专利3,692,618、授予Matsuki等人的美国专利3,802,817、授予Kinney的美国专利3,338,992及3,341,394、授予Hartman的美国专利3,502,763以及授予Dobo等人的美国专利3,542,615的方法迅速变小。纺粘纤维当沉积到收集表面上时通常不发粘。纺粘纤维一般为连续的,平均直径(根据至少10个样品获得的结果)大于7μm,尤其介于约10~20μm之间。
“熔喷纤维”是指按如下方法成形的纤维:熔融热塑性材料由许多细小通常为圆形的纺丝孔,以熔融丝束形式挤出到一股逐渐汇聚的高速、通常为热的、气体(如空气)流中,该气流将熔融热塑性材料的丝束拉细以减少其直径,可达微纤维的直径。然后,熔喷纤维由高速气流夹带并沉积在收集表面上,形成由散乱分布的熔喷纤维组成的纤网。此种方法例如描述在美国专利3,849,241中。熔喷纤维是连续或不连续的微纤维,平均直径一般小于10μm,且当沉积到收集表面上时发粘。
本文所使用的术语“共成形”是指这样一种方法,其中至少1个熔喷口型布置在一个料斗附近,在其不断成形过程中通过该料斗将其他材料加入到该纤网中。此种其他材料例如可以是木浆、超吸收剂颗粒、纤维素或短纤维。共成形方法展示于同一受让人的授予Iau的美国专利4,818,464中,以及授予Anderson等人的4,100,324中。用共成形方法生产的纤网通常被称之为共成形材料。
“共轭纤维”是指这样的纤维,它由至少两种聚合物源从各自的挤出机挤出但在一起纺丝,成为一种(根)纤维。共轭纤维有时也称作多组分纤维或双组分纤维。所用聚合物通常彼此不同,虽然共轭纤维也可以是单组分纤维。各聚合物排列在共轭纤维断面上基本恒定、界限分明的区域内并沿共轭纤维全长连续延伸。此种共轭纤维的构型,例如可以是皮/芯排列的,其中一种聚合物被另一种包围着,或者可以是并列排列、扇形排列或者“海/岛型”排列的。共轭纤维例如公开在授予Pike等人的美国专利5,382,400中,可用于借助两(或更多)种聚合物之间膨胀及收缩速率差异在纤维中产生卷曲。此种纤维还可以是可分裂(劈裂)的。卷曲纤维还可采用机械手段并按德国专利DT 25 13 251 A1的方法来制备。在2组分纤维的情况下,各种聚合物可以75/25、50/50、25/75或者要求的其他任何比例存在。该纤维还可具有诸如授予Hogle等人的美国专利5,277,976所述异型纤维的形状。
共轭纤维的制造方法是熟知的,故无须在此赘述。大致地说,要成形共轭纤维,2种聚合物分别挤出并喂入到聚合物分配系统中,然后,聚合物再被引入到分区的纺丝板中。聚合物沿着分开的路径流入到纤维纺丝板,并在纺丝板孔中汇合,该纺丝孔包括两个或更多个同心圆孔,于是便生产出皮/芯型纤维,或者包括沿直径一分为二的圆形纺丝孔,于是便获得并列型纤维。合并后的聚合物丝束随后接受冷却、固化并牵伸--通常借助机械辊筒系统--至过渡单丝直径,然后收集。随后,丝束接受低于其软化温度的温度下的“冷牵伸”,至要求的最终直径,再卷曲/假捻并切断为要求的纤维长度。共轭纤维可切断为比较短的长度,例如长度一般在25~51mm的普通短纤维,以及更短的,长度一般小于18mm的短切断长度短纤维。例如参见授予Taniguchi等人的美国专利4,789,592和授予Strack等人的美国专利5,336,552,在此都全文并入本文作为参考。
“粘合梳理纤网”是指这样的纤网:由短纤维通过精梳或梳理装置的加工,在此将一根根短纤维分开并沿机器方向排齐,从而形成大致沿机器方向取向的非织造纤网。这些短纤维通常以整包纤维的形式购进,放在清棉机中预先将纤维分开,然后再喂入到梳理装置中。成形为纤网后,通常采用几种已知粘合方法中的1种或多种对其进行粘合。此种粘合方法之一是粉末粘合,其中粉末状粘合剂被分布到整个纤网中,然后将其活化,通常通过以热空气加热纤网和粘合剂来实现。另一种合适的粘合法是花纹粘合,其中用加热的压花辊筒或超声粘合设备将纤维粘合在一起,一般沿着局部花纹粘合,但根据需要,也可沿纤网的全部表面粘合。另一种合适且熟知的粘合方法,尤其是当采用共轭短纤维时,是穿透空气粘合。
“气流成网”是熟知的纤维非织造层成形方法。在气流成网过程中,典型长度介于约2~约19mm的小纤维组成的纤维束被气流吹散并夹带,随后沉积在成形网上,此间通常辅以真空源。随后,散乱沉积的纤维借助例如热空气或喷涂粘合剂而彼此粘合。
“个人护理产品”是指尿布、训练裤、吸收性内裤、女性卫生用品及成人失禁用品。
试验方法
材料卡规(厚度):材料卡规是材料的厚度的度量,它是在Starret型膨松度测试仪上在0.05psi条件下测定的,以厘米为单位。
密度:材料的密度可通过将单位面积,即每平方米样品的重量克数(gsm)除以0.05psi(68.9帕)下样品厚度的毫米数,并将结果乘以0.001,从而转换为每平方厘米的克数(g/cc)的数值。总共测定3个试样并取平均,便求得密度值。
吸收时间指数(ATI):在该试验中,在轻微压力,如约0.01psi下测定超吸收性材料的吸收能力随时间的关系直到200min。
采用1英寸(25.4mm)内径的圆筒,一端带有一体化不锈钢网,来盛装0.16±0.005g干燥超吸收剂。在装入超吸收剂时应小心,勿使超吸收剂粘附到圆筒侧壁上。圆筒应略带锥度,以便超吸收剂能较为均匀地分布在网上。随后,在圆筒中放入4.4g、0.995(倍于直径)的塑料活塞并称取“圆筒、活塞及超吸收剂”组件的重量。将组件置于盛有1cm深0.875wt%氯化钠盐溶液的3英寸×3英寸(76.4mm×76.4mm)流体浅槽中。轻轻敲击圆筒以便赶出任何窝藏在其下面的空气并在整个试验期间维持盐溶液深度为1cm。
采用量程200min、刻度间距1s的计时表。开动计时表,当在溶液中停留5min后,取出组件并放在吸收性纸上吸干。优选的纸是KleenexPremium Dinner Napkins(餐巾),由Kimberly-Clark公司供应,尽管任何其他有效的纸也可使用。在吸干过程中,将纸紧紧压在圆筒上以保证良好接触。将圆筒与干纸接触3次,在第3次时能除去的液体应非常少。称取组件重量,并将组件放回到流体浅槽中。吸干和称重操作将占去大约5s,而计时表则应在整个试验期间维持走动。读取5、10、15、30、45、60、75、90、120、160及200min的读数。每次读取均应采用干燥的新餐巾纸。
最后一次读数之后,计算每克超吸收剂吸收的流体克数。将各个特定时刻吸收的液体量除以200分钟时吸收的数量并将结果对时间作图,可获得吸收速率的图示。
按下式计算ATI:
ATI=(t10+t20+t30+t40+t50+t60+t70+t80+t90)/9
其中tn是用掉200min吸收能力中百分之n的时间分钟数,譬如,t30是用掉总能力30%的时间。
重量法吸水性试验(GAT):该试验测定吸收性复合材料吸收一次排液所需时间。还测定样品的空隙容积及质量。将6.8cm直径的圆形待测材料放在GAT单元试验仪的样品平台上,令排液点处于样品的中心。GAT试验仪由M/K系统公司供应(Danvers,MA01923),型号M/K241系列号G1048。校正仪器零点之后,将压力设定在4cm正静水压。在样品上放置重物,以为样品提供0.05psi(68.9帕)的压力。向样品排放流体,其间维持恒定静水压,并记录吸入10g 0.875wt%氯化钠盐溶液所需时间。让样品平衡30min,然后反复排放流体,直至对其排放了要求次数的流体。最后一次排液后,取出样品并测定在0.05psi压力下的质量和厚度。
发明详述
本发明材料结构被设计成非常薄但受到排液后迅速膨胀的材料。因此,当使用者戴上该吸收制品时它非常薄而并感觉舒适,因此有利于良好贴身。随着使用期间该材料结构的膨胀,它创造出为容纳不断到来的流体所需要的空隙容积,这又减少了泄漏的机会。
下面将描述本发明的几种实施方案。全部被设计成开始非常薄,接触到排液流体后立即膨胀的结构。
该材料结构由改性浆粕纤维、改性超吸收剂和少量粘合剂,优选热活化粘合纤维组成。材料最初被制成并稳定在低密度状态。然后作为符合厚度要求的吸收性体系的一部分,材料被压缩并固定在较高密度状态。接受排液时,该压缩的结构将回复其原来制成厚度的相当大一部分,从而达到介于制成与压缩态之间的中间密度。此种可膨胀复合材料发挥最大优势的场合是作为将液体从冲击区转移出去的吸收性体系的一部分。
具体例子包括含浆粕纤维、超吸收性材料及热塑性粘合纤维的结构,由Dan Web气流成网系统生产。本发明范围内的复合材料包含75%或55wt%Weyerhauser公司的NHB-416交联浆粕纤维和5wt%Hoechst-Celanese公司生产的商品名T105共轭纤维。超吸收性材料是道化学公司的AFA-130-53C、Stockhausen的W77553或Stockhausen的FAV880A,含量占20%或40wt%。材料分别按低密度(0.05g/cc)和中密度(0.1g/cc)制造并在线地进行热稳定化。Stockhausen的W77553是本体聚合聚丙烯酸酯并带有疏水表面处理涂层。Stockhausen的FAV880A可由Stockhausen公司(Greensboro,NC 27406)按商品供应,是一种高度交联的表面超吸收剂。AFA 130-53C是850~1400μm悬浮聚合聚丙烯酸酯粒子,由道化学公司(Midland,MI)生产。复合材料在带垫隙片的雕刻压力机中通过热压(80~100℃,1min)被压实到吸收制品冲击区密度0.20g/cc。该热压加工使材料在更长的时间内维持0.20g/cc的密度。虽然其他压缩程序和其他市售压缩程序,包括连续、在线轧光,也可用于生产要求的结构,但较低温度的压制(低于50℃),不论加湿或不加,所生产的材料将在环境条件下迅速重新膨起并且将不会像本发明所要求地那样长时间维持要求的厚度。
过高温度的粘合(150℃)将使得样品过度粘合,打湿时不能迅速膨胀,因此不能产生如本发明所需范围的空隙容积。相比之下,在较好条件下(80~100℃)粘合的样品在被弄湿时迅速膨胀到其未压缩厚度的80%以上和超过从未压缩状态开始的吸饱合时的厚度的90%以上。
因此,优选的材料结构是湿回弹,然而却非常亲水、化学交联的浆粕纤维,例如Weyerhaeuser NHB416(28~90wt%);慢速超吸收剂如Dow AFA-130-53C或Stockhausen W77553(8~70wt%);以及粘合纤维如皮芯共轭纤维,如由Chiss、Hercules、Danaklon或Hoechst Celanese等公司生产的,如Celbond T105/T255纤维。
所谓“慢速”超吸收剂是指吸收时间指数(ATI)至少是5min,优选超过10min的超吸收剂。要指出的是,虽然优选慢速超吸收剂,但是快速或传统超吸收剂也能起到作用,正如下面将讨论的。快速超吸收剂迅速作用从而将液体束缚起来,限制液体展开和芯吸并从而降低了其在吸收制品中的全面分布,但依然能提供非常好的吸入功能。
粘合剂必须以有效数量存在方能将结构聚拢在一起。虽然更低的数量也是可能的,但据信,粘合剂含量介于约1~约20wt%是有效的。优选共轭粘合纤维,虽然任何已知有效的粘合剂也可使用。粘合剂必须在复合材料被压缩时发挥作用,并将复合材料维持在较高密度状态,直至接受排液。排液后,粘合剂必须允许复合材料膨胀到基本等于其压缩前的厚度。如果粘合剂以纤维形式存在,优选的是,该纤维尽可能地细。
水敏粘合剂以粉末、液体或纤维形式供应,它们可利用热和/或少量水分激活。粘合体系可以是聚乙烯醇粘合剂、溶解于流体的粉末或纤维。某些聚乙烯醇的具体例子具有易于可逆变化的交联,这使得在接触到排液之后粘合剂性能发生改变,从而允许弹性结构膨胀。也可使用具有基于控制亲水性的延时突变特性的水敏感热熔粘合剂,或者可使用水诱发聚合物,如碱敏感丙烯酸类。粘合剂还可包含聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸及其共聚物、淀粉粘合剂、纤维素粘合剂及蛋白质粘合剂。
可用于实施本发明的共轭粘合纤维可以是卷曲的。共轭纤维的一边可具有水诱发第一组分,例如聚环氧乙烷,而纤维的另一边可具有回弹性第二组分,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。许多聚合物,在基本纯净的水如典型pH值介于约6.5~约8.5的自来水中可降解,因此可作为共轭纤维的可水降解部分。还可选择这样的聚合物作为第一组分,它对于水环境中pH的改变、溶解态离子浓度的改变和/或温度的改变均敏感或者由于此种改变而变得可降解。
另一种可利用来诱发水-可降解性的机理是离子敏感性,其中术语“离子”是指传统含义上的获得或失去了1个或多个电子,从而带上正或负电荷的原子或与分子键合的原子团。某些聚合物包含由氢键维系在一起的酸基(R-COO-)成分。当处于干态时,此种聚合物保持为固体。例如参见授予Varona的美国专利4,419,403,在此将其全文收作本文的参考。
能够在水混合物或马桶水中降解的聚合物的例子是聚(乙烯醇)接枝共聚物,由Nippon合成化学公司(大阪,日本)供应,牌号为Ecomaty AX2000、AX10000和AX-300G。该Nippon聚合物为冷水可溶的,但其溶解速率比Fuller公司的聚合物慢一些。又一种第一组分聚合物可以是聚醚嵌段酰胺,商品名Pebax MX1074,由Atochem公司(美国)(费城,宾夕法尼亚)供应。Pebax MX1074聚合物由ε-己内酰胺(尼龙12)和四甘醇单体组成。这些单体聚合起来可制成一系列聚醚嵌段酰胺共聚物。Pebax聚合物不溶于水但可在水中溶胀,因此还可用于水量较大的环境中。Fuller聚合物可与软化点或熔融温度至少高出约10℃的第二组分(芯)聚合物,如聚丙烯匹配。“Nippon”或Atochem聚合物可与熔融温度范围更高的第2组分聚合物如聚丙烯或聚(对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)匹配。
更具体地说,本发明可膨胀吸收性复合材料可具有约30~约80wt%浆粕、约10~约60wt%超吸收剂以及约1~约10wt%粘合剂。进一步具体地说,该可膨胀吸收性复合材料可具有约55~约75wt%浆粕、约20~约40wt%超吸收剂以及约3~约8wt%粘合剂。此种复合材料在压缩后和被弄湿前的密度必须介于约0.1g/cc~0.3g/cc,优选约0.20g/cc。
附图中给出3种属于本发明范围的材料结构的空隙容积生成随吸饱程度(饱和度)变化的情况。在附图中,空隙容积表示在Y轴上,以g/cc为单位,饱和度表示在X轴上,以g/g为单位。
实例1
图1是一种复合材料产生的空隙容积对饱和度的曲线,该材料包含20wt%快速超吸收性材料Stockhausen FAV880、75wt%Weyerhaeuser的化学交联的浆粕NHB416以及5wt%Hoechst-Celanese的Celbond T105。原制成的密度是0.04g/cc,样品由2层组成,总合并基重为400gsm。样品在80℃压缩1min,达到最终密度0.2g/cc。该曲线是空隙容积生成量对饱和度的标绘。该曲线表明,样品开始时空隙容积为6cc/g,随着样品达到7g/g的饱和度,该容积翻了一番达到将近12cc/g。
实例2
图2表示一种层合复合材料的类似数据,该材料采用慢速DowAFA-130-53C超吸收性材料,用以代替图1中的Stockhausen超吸收剂FAV880,且材料是按密度0.055g/cc生产的。其他所有材料及压缩条件与实例1中相同。从图2可以看出,该组合物随着饱和度的增加产生非常近似的空隙容积。
实例3
另一种实施方案,所采用的复合材料具有与实例2相同的组成和压缩条件,但该复合材料的原制成密度为0.11g/cc。采用这样的初始密度,在达到7g/g饱和度时空隙容积的生成量仅有10cc/g,然而仍然落在本发明范围之内。该空隙容积生成特性载于图3。
实例4
本实施方案是与实例1材料及压缩条件相同的复合材料,所不同的是,使用了55wt%浆粕和40wt%超吸收剂。该复合材料的原制成密度是0.05g/cc,最终密度为0.2g/cc。对该实例,没有用图表示其空隙容积生成量。
实例5
本实施方案是与实例2材料及压缩条件相同的复合材料,所不同的是,使用了55wt%浆粕和40wt%超吸收剂。该复合材料的原制成密度是0.053g/cc,最终密度为0.2g/cc。该实例没有用图表示其空隙容积生成量。
表1和2给出这5个实例以及市售品Huggies尿布材料的重量法吸水性试验(GAT)的数据。该Huggies尿布材料是从市售HimUltratrim尿布,3号尺寸的、Huggies正面冲击区吸入排出液高峰材料下面的持液材料中取出的。这些尿布是由Kimberly-Clark公司(Dallas,TX)供应的商品。这些样品的密度为约0.02g/cc,包含约38wt%Stockhausen FAV880或Dow 2035市售品超吸收剂,以及约62wt%Coosa(Mills,Coosa,Alabama)供应的Coosa 1654浆粕。
表1给出2组Huggies样品的结果,以及具有如表中所示两层的每个实例的结果。Huggies尿布的基重为约800gsm;两层实例的基重为约400gsm。表2中的结果展示,基重为约800gsm条件下的实例。
从表1中可以看出,所有实例材料在第1次和第2次排液中吸收10mL排液的速度比Huggies快得多,尽管接受测试的材料只有一半的质量。实例材料的厚度为Huggies尿布材料厚度的大约一半。实例材料对可用空隙容积的利用比市售材料更充分,正如表1右侧的空隙容积数据所表明的。实例即使在达到70%饱和度时依然保持着高吸入速率。
表2给出与表1类似的数据,但实例材料所采用的基重和初始厚度与Huggies尿布材料大致相等。从表2的数据可以看出,实例材料在吸收全部3次10mL排液时均比Huggies尿布材料快得多。空隙容积利用率也得到大大改善。
实例的材料,虽然表面看与Huggies尿布材料在组成上有些类似,但却提供了明显好于后者的性能。这据信是由于随着实例材料在接触到液体后立即膨胀,从而产生空隙容积所致。此种膨胀不仅由超吸收剂的正常膨胀,例如像Huggies尿布中所发生的那样,而且由其中包含该超吸收剂的纤维基质的膨胀所推动。因此,超吸收剂胶凝堵塞以及随之而来的排液吸入受阻,在本发明复合材料中均得到避免或减轻。因此,本发明复合材料可当作吸入排出液高峰材料,当作持液材料并配以诸如传统Huggies尿布中的吸入排出液高峰材料,或者可当作持液材料而不需要吸入排出液高峰材料,这是由于它具有优异吸收性能使然。
虽然上面仅就少数几个本发明范例实施方案做了详细描述,但本领域技术人员很容易懂得,在范例实施方案中存在许多修改的可能,实质上均不偏离本发明的新概念和优点。因此,所有这些修改均应包括在如下面所附权利要求中规定的本发明范围内。在这些权利要求中,手段兼功能的权利要求旨在涵盖在完成所述功能时文中所描述的结构,且不仅包括结构等价物而且包括等价结构。譬如,虽然钉子和螺钉在钉子利用圆柱面将木质零件固定在一起,而螺钉则利用螺旋表面--这种意义上可能不是结构等价物,然而就固定木质零件这一作用上,钉子与螺钉可视为等价结构。
表1
重量法吸收试验-4cm正水压头下的点源
代号 | 厚度英寸 | 质量g | 密度g/cc | 第1排液s | 第2排液s | 第3排液s | 最终质量g | 最终厚度英寸 | 体积cc | 空隙容积cc | 充液空隙容积cc | 未充液空隙容积cc |
HUGGIES | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.141 | 2.59 | 0.20 | 28.82 | 42.41 | 22.75 | 0.425 | 39.53 | 37.61 | 20.16 | 17.45 | |
2 | 0.140 | 2.84 | 0.22 | 46.03 | 54.17 | 22.80 | 0.457 | 42.51 | 40.40 | 19.96 | 20.44 | |
3 | 0.142 | 2.53 | 0.19 | 70.45 | 78.2 | 22.35 | 0.445 | 41.39 | 39.51 | 19.82 | 19.69 | |
平均 | 0.141 | 2.65 | 0.20 | 48.43 | 58.28 | 22.63 | 0.442 | 41.14 | 39.17 | 19.98 | 19.19 | |
HUGGIES | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.142 | 2.96 | 0.22 | 48.70 | 54.9 | 41.6 | 32.80 | 0.521 | 48.46 | 46.26 | 29.84 | 16.42 |
2 | 0.150 | 2.41 | 0.17 | 29.80 | 40.8 | 43.4 | 32.40 | 0.445 | 41.39 | 39.60 | 29.99 | 9.61 |
3 | 0.148 | 2.80 | 0.20 | 33.20 | 29.7 | 24.8 | 33.00 | 0.480 | 44.64 | 42.56 | 30.20 | 12.36 |
平均 | 0.147 | 2.72 | 0.20 | 37.23 | 41.8 | 36.6 | 32.73 | 0.482 | 44.83 | 42.81 | 30.01 | 12.80 |
实例1,2层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.075 | 1.55 | 0.222 | 11.20 | 10.91 | 21.70 | 0.301 | 28.00 | 26.90 | 20.15 | 6.75 | |
2 | 0.075 | 1.48 | 0.212 | 17.33 | 11.70 | 21.90 | 0.290 | 26.97 | 25.92 | 20.42 | 5.50 | |
3 | 0.073 | 1.54 | 0.227 | 19.33 | 12.03 | 22.00 | 0.270 | 25.11 | 24.02 | 20.48 | 3.58 | |
平均 | 0.074 | 1.52 | 0.220 | 15.95 | 11.55 | 21.87 | 0.287 | 26.69 | 25.61 | 20.34 | 5.27 | |
实例2,2层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.083 | 1.39 | 0.18 | 20.39 | 23.5 | 20.97 | 0.246 | 22.88 | 21.90 | 19.58 | 2.32 | |
2 | 0.080 | 1.28 | 0.17 | 18.9 | 14 | 20.41 | 0.24 | 22.32 | 21.42 | 19.13 | 2.29 | |
3 | 0.080 | 1.39 | 0.19 | 19.6 | 11.7 | 21.42 | 0.265 | 24.65 | 23.66 | 20.03 | 3.63 | |
平均 | 0.081 | 1.35 | 0.18 | 19.63 | 16.4 | 20.93 | 0.250 | 23.28 | 22.32 | 19.58 | 2.74 | |
实例3,2层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.079 | 1.46 | 0.20 | 24.3 | 15.1 | 21.68 | 0.249 | 23.16 | 22.13 | 20.22 | 1.91 | |
2 | 0.079 | 1.39 | 0.19 | 22.1 | 14 | 21.02 | 0.239 | 22.23 | 21.24 | 19.63 | 1.61 | |
3 | 0.078 | 1.39 | 0.19 | 25 | 12.9 | 20.85 | 0.248 | 23.07 | 22.08 | 19.46 | 2.62 | |
平均 | 0.079 | 1.41 | 0.19 | 23.80 | 14 | 21.18 | 0.245 | 22.82 | 21.82 | 19.77 | 2.05 | |
实例4,2层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.078 | 1.52 | 0.21 | 20.59 | 11.66 | 31.40 | 0.352 | 32.74 | 31.59 | 29.88 | 1.71 | |
2 | 0.079 | 1.41 | 0.19 | 23.67 | 9.75 | 32.80 | 0.356 | 33.11 | 32.04 | 31.39 | 0.65 | |
3 | 0.083 | 1.47 | 0.19 | 16.10 | 7.97 | 31.90 | 0.352 | 32.74 | 31.62 | 30.43 | 1.19 | |
平均 | 0.080 | 1.47 | 0.20 | 20.12 | 9.79 | 32.03 | 0.353 | 32.86 | 31.75 | 30.57 | 1.18 | |
实例4,2层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.074 | 1.54 | 0.224 | 19.77 | 8.09 | 14.40 | 32.60 | 0.380 | 35.34 | 34.17 | 31.06 | 3.11 |
2 | 0.078 | 1.29 | 0.176 | 15.41 | 11.77 | 16.12 | 31.10 | 0.360 | 33.48 | 32.50 | 29.81 | 2.69 |
3 | 0.078 | 1.42 | 0.198 | 18.76 | 9.53 | 16.50 | 30.60 | 0.360 | 33.48 | 32.41 | 29.18 | 3.23 |
平均 | 0.077 | 1.42 | 0.199 | 17.98 | 9.80 | 31.43 | 0.367 | 34.10 | 33.03 | 30.02 | 3.01 | |
实例5,2层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.075 | 1.41 | 0.202 | 18.74 | 7.68 | 21.96 | 0.295 | 27.44 | 26.37 | 20.55 | 5.82 | |
2 | 0.074 | 1.39 | 0.202 | 21.07 | 8.91 | 21.50 | 0.293 | 27.25 | 26.20 | 20.11 | 6.09 | |
3 | 0.079 | 1.24 | 0.169 | 14.74 | 5.84 | 20.80 | 0.240 | 22.32 | 21.38 | 19.58 | 1.82 | |
平均 | 0.078 | 1.35 | 0.191 | 18.18 | 7.48 | 21.42 | 0.276 | 25.67 | 24.65 | 20.07 | 4.58 |
表2
重量法吸收试验-4cm正水压头下的点源
代号 | 厚度英寸 | 质量g | 密度g/cc | 第1排液s | 第2排液s | 第3排液s | 最终质量g | 最终厚度英寸 | 体积cc | 空隙容积cc | 充液空隙容积cc | 未充液空隙容积cc |
实例1,4层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.152 | 2.73 | 0.193 | 13.10 | 7.55 | 8.39 | 33.00 | 0.465 | 43.25 | 41.18 | 30.27 | 10.91 |
2 | 0.143 | 2.97 | 0.223 | 16.15 | 9.16 | 9.62 | 32.30 | 0.517 | 48.09 | 45.84 | 29.33 | 16.51 |
3 | 0.141 | 3.01 | 0.230 | 13.10 | 7.60 | 10.13 | 33.50 | 0.510 | 47.43 | 45.15 | 30.49 | 14.66 |
平均 | 0.145 | 2.90 | 0.215 | 14.12 | 8.10 | 32.93 | 0.497 | 46.26 | 44.06 | 30.03 | 14.03 | |
实例2,4层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.153 | 3.02 | 0.21 | 17.30 | 12.3 | 13.50 | 33.30 | 0.452 | 42.04 | 39.90 | 30.28 | 9.62 |
2 | 0.150 | 2.95 | 0.21 | 15.90 | 8.7 | 11.10 | 32.80 | 0.467 | 43.44 | 41.35 | 29.85 | 11.50 |
3 | 0.140 | 2.77 | 0.21 | 18.00 | 9.9 | 10.70 | 32.80 | 0.431 | 40.09 | 38.13 | 30.03 | 8.10 |
平均 | 0.148 | 2.91 | 0.21 | 17.07 | 10.3 | 11.77 | 32.97 | 0.450 | 41.85 | 39.79 | 30.05 | 9.74 |
实例3,4层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.139 | 2.97 | 0.23 | 19.90 | 6.6 | 12.00 | 33.30 | 0.450 | 41.85 | 39.75 | 30.33 | 9.42 |
2 | 0.135 | 2.97 | 0.24 | 19.50 | 9.8 | 12.20 | 33.40 | 0.452 | 42.04 | 39.94 | 30.43 | 9.51 |
3 | 0.153 | 2.98 | 0.21 | 19.60 | 8.8 | 12.50 | 33.50 | 0.450 | 41.85 | 39.74 | 30.52 | 9.22 |
平均 | 0.142 | 2.97 | 0.22 | 19.67 | 8.4 | 12.23 | 33.40 | 0.451 | 41.92 | 39.81 | 30.43 | 9.38 |
实例4,4层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.142 | 3.05 | 0.23 | 16.20 | 12.1 | 12.00 | 33.10 | 0.637 | 59.25 | 56.93 | 30.05 | 26.88 |
2 | 0.155 | 2.75 | 0.19 | 16.70 | 12.2 | 10.40 | 32.80 | 0.572 | 53.20 | 51.12 | 30.05 | 21.07 |
3 | 0.153 | 2.86 | 0.20 | 15.90 | 18.3 | 28.60 | 32.40 | 0.593 | 55.15 | 52.99 | 29.54 | 23.45 |
平均 | 0.150 | 2.89 | 0.21 | 16.27 | 14.2 | 17.00 | 32.77 | 0.601 | 55.87 | 53.68 | 29.88 | 23.80 |
实例5,4层 | ||||||||||||
1 | 0.152 | 2.65 | 0.187 | 16.42 | 8.49 | 9.63 | 32.60 | 0.560 | 52.09 | 50.08 | 29.95 | 20.13 |
2 | 0.154 | 2.77 | 0.193 | 16.05 | 10.43 | 10.42 | 32.00 | 0.520 | 48.37 | 46.26 | 29.23 | 17.03 |
3 | 0.158 | 2.77 | 0.189 | 14.27 | 13.06 | 17.40 | 32.50 | 0.515 | 47.90 | 45.80 | 29.73 | 16.07 |
平均 | 0.155 | 2.73 | 0.190 | 15.58 | 10.66 | 32.37 | 0.532 | 49.45 | 47.38 | 29.64 | 17.74 |
Claims (7)
1.一种可膨胀吸收性复合材料,它包含28~90wt%浆粕、8~70wt%超吸收性材料和有效量的粘合剂,其中所述复合材料已被压缩到0.1g/cc~0.3g/cc的密度,且当被弄湿时迅速膨胀到其未压缩厚度的80%以上和饱和时膨胀到其未压缩厚度的90%以上。
2.权利要求1的复合材料,它包含40~80wt%浆粕、10~50wt%超吸收剂以及2~10wt%粘合纤维。
3.权利要求1的复合材料,它包含55~75wt%浆粕、20~40wt%超吸收剂以及3~8wt%粘合纤维。
4.一种选自尿布、训练裤、女性卫生用品、吸收性内裤及成人失禁用品的个人护理产品,它包含权利要求1的材料。
5.权利要求4的产品,其中所述个人护理产品是成人失禁用品。
6.权利要求4的产品,其中所述个人护理产品是女性卫生用品。
7.权利要求4的产品,其中所述个人护理产品是尿布。
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-
1998
- 1998-12-09 WO PCT/US1998/026027 patent/WO1999032165A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-09 AU AU17171/99A patent/AU757098B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-09 JP JP2000525154A patent/JP2002542400A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-09 CN CNB988125188A patent/CN1244378C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-09 KR KR1020007006949A patent/KR100668552B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-09 BR BR9814329-8A patent/BR9814329A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-12-09 EP EP98961996A patent/EP1042018A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-12-15 AR ARP980106385A patent/AR017869A1/es unknown
- 1998-12-21 CO CO98075843A patent/CO5070591A1/es unknown
-
2002
- 2002-09-30 US US10/261,396 patent/US20030045846A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CO5070591A1 (es) | 2001-08-28 |
AU757098B2 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
AU1717199A (en) | 1999-07-12 |
BR9814329A (pt) | 2003-02-18 |
CN1336830A (zh) | 2002-02-20 |
JP2002542400A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
KR20010024802A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
AR017869A1 (es) | 2001-10-24 |
US20030045846A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
KR100668552B1 (ko) | 2007-01-17 |
WO1999032165A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
EP1042018A1 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
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