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CN1222101A - 涂覆基材的方法 - Google Patents

涂覆基材的方法 Download PDF

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CN1222101A
CN1222101A CN97195641A CN97195641A CN1222101A CN 1222101 A CN1222101 A CN 1222101A CN 97195641 A CN97195641 A CN 97195641A CN 97195641 A CN97195641 A CN 97195641A CN 1222101 A CN1222101 A CN 1222101A
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维克托·罗斯因斯克
道格拉斯·米恩
保罗·格拉本施泰特尔
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Abstract

一种用涂覆介质涂覆具有多个通道的基材的方法,其中,基材部分地浸入盛有涂覆介质浴的容器中,涂覆介质在基材浸入端上方的体积足以将基材涂覆到所需高度。然后向部分浸入的基材施加真空,其真空度和时间足以将涂覆介质从涂覆介质浴中向上抽入各个通道,以便在其中形成均匀的涂覆外形。

Description

涂覆基材的方法
本发明涉及一种用于涂覆具有多个通道的基材的真空浸渍方法,所述基材例如可以是一种用于催化转换器的整体基材。
众所周知,催化转换器用于去除和/或转化废气中的有害组分。虽然催化转换器具有多种为此目的而设计的结构,但其中一种结构形式是采用一个催化涂覆的刚性骨架整体基材,或者是具有许多纵向通道的蜂窝型元件,以便提供一个具有很大表面积的催化涂覆体。
刚性的整体基材是由陶瓷和其它材料制成的。在美国专利Nos.3,331,787和3,565,830中对这些材料和它们的结构作出了说明,此处,将这两个专利引入,以供参考。
所述整体基材,特别是那些数量很多的通道被涂覆以催化和/或吸收性材料的料浆。虽然已知有多种方法可用于在整体基材上涂覆催化性料浆,但从成本角度考虑,这些方法在使涂覆量最小化方面存在缺陷,特别是当成本很高的催化活性贵重金属,例如铂,钯或铑作为涂覆物的一部分时,问题更为突出。不仅是难以将其涂覆到整体基材上,而且也难以在通道内形成牢固的可再生的涂覆图形。
一种对预制好的整体基材进行涂覆的方法是将催化剂料浆抽入相应的通道中,然后对被涂覆的基材进行干燥处理。在将催化剂涂层沉积在各通道的相同长度上的情况下,这种体系在提供均匀的涂覆厚度和均匀的涂覆外形方面是不成功的。
曾经有人建议采用真空向上抽吸催化剂料浆,使之穿过所述通道。例如,Peter D.Young在美国专利No.4,384,014中公开了有关在整体基材之上形成真空,以便除去通道中的空气,然后向上抽吸催化剂料浆穿过所述通道的发明。随后将打破所述真空,并且最好是通过自重排流去除多余的料浆。
James R.Reed等人在美国专利No.4,191,126中公开了这样一种方法:将整体基材浸入料浆中,然后利用负压从承载涂覆的表面清除多余的涂覆料浆。所采用的真空主要被用于疏通通道,以便抽吸覆盖在各个通道的整个表面上的料浆。
在Thomas Shimrock等人的美国专利No.4,609,563中公开了对这些系统的一种改进,该专利在这里一并作为参考。该系统包括一种用难熔和/或催化剂金属元素的料浆真空涂覆陶瓷基材构件的方法,其中,对精确控制的预定量料浆进行测量,以便涂覆到陶瓷的整体基材上。将整体基材放入一个最好具有预定尺寸的容器内,便之处于包含将要涂覆到基材上的数量精确的料浆的预定深度。然后,在基材的与浸入浴中的一端相对的那一端施加真空,以向上抽吸所述料浆。既不需要排出或清除多余的涂覆料浆,也不需要任何预真空产生步骤以去除空气。
由美国专利No.4,609,563中还可知,容器的设计形式为一个浸渍皿,其中盛有精确量的料浆,希望将其做成可以自由的吸纳待涂覆的基材,但与基材的形状近乎一致的形状。因此,如果整体基材为椭圆形,则浸渍皿呈比基材本身的尺寸稍大的椭圆形。
虽然,’563号专利的工艺过程可以提供优于其它参考工艺的光滑涂层,但是它还是难以获得覆盖各通道相同长度的均匀的涂覆形状。另外,由于’563号专利的工艺过程需要为各种形式的整体基材提供具有精确形状和尺寸的浸渍皿,所以必须储备各种不同尺寸和形状的浸渍皿,导致成本提高。进而,由于各浸渍皿的尺寸最好只比基材稍大,所以,必须格外小心地将易碎的基材放入浸渍皿中,以便不使基材意外地碰到浸渍皿。
因此,如果能以一种廉价且有效的方法使各个通道在其相同长度上被涂覆以相同厚度的涂层,从而使涂覆外形均匀,则对于涂覆整体基材,特别是涂覆用于催化转换器的整体基材的技术领域会带来显著的益处。
本发明总的涉及一种以廉价而有效的方式涂覆整体基材的真空浸渍方法,其中,包含于基材中的各个通道被涂覆以相同厚度的涂层,并且以具有均匀的涂覆外形为特点。术语“均匀的涂覆外形”在这里是指基材的各通道在其相同的长度上都被涂覆。均匀的涂覆外形可为催化转换器带来卓越的益处。首先,由于在连续的催化剂涂层之间很少存在重叠的区域,因此可以使用很少的催化剂。其次,可对催化剂的设置进行更精确的控制,这在采用多种催化剂涂覆组分时是十分有利的。第三,凭借可控制涂层重叠和在各通道内能更精确地设置重叠部分的能力,可以更精确地控制涂覆厚度,特别是在多层涂覆的应用中。因此使待处理的气体流过基材的阻力减小,导致可以进行更好的控制并且更少会阻断穿过通道的压降。当这样的基材用作催化转换器时,引擎性能不会下降。在此,术语“真空浸渍”通常是指施加真空以将涂覆介质浸渍在整体基材内的多条通道中。
更具体而言,本发明涉及一种用涂覆介质涂覆具有许多通道的基材的真空浸渍方法,它包括:
a)将基材部分地浸入包含涂覆介质浴的容器中,所述容器中盛有一定量的、足以将基材涂覆到所需的程度而不使容器内涂覆媒介的高度降到被浸渍基材的高度以下的涂覆介质;
b)对局部浸渍的基材施加真空,其真空度和时间足以将涂覆介质从涂覆介质浴中向上抽入各个通道内,以在通道内形成均匀的涂覆外形;以及
c)从涂覆介质浴中移去基材。
在本发明的一个优选形式中,在将涂覆介质涂到基材上之后,并且当正从涂覆介质浴中移出基材时,继续对基材施加真空,使其真空度等于或大于对局部浸渍的基材所作用的真空度。
在附图中,相似的符号表示相似的部件,附图用于说明本发明的实施例,并且不作为本发明的限制,本发明由作为本申请的一部分的权利要求书限定。附图中:
图1是根据本发明的用于涂覆整体基材的设备的透视图;
图2是根据本发明的盛有用于涂覆整体基材的料浆的容器的剖视图;
图3A是浸入盛有涂覆介质的容器中的整体基材的剖视图,示出了具有均匀的涂覆外形的基材;
图3B是一张照片的拷贝,表示在按照本发明进行涂覆之后,具有均匀的涂覆外形的整体基材的剖视图;
图4A是按照现有技术的方法涂覆之后整体基材的剖视图;以及
图4B是按照本发明进行涂覆后整体基材的剖视图。
本发明涉及用典型地呈料浆形式的涂覆介质对具有多个通道的整体基材进行涂覆的真空浸渍方法,它通过施加真空,以将涂覆介质向上抽吸穿过通道,从而在通道中形成均匀的涂覆外形来实施。
概括的讲,本发明的方法是基于这样一个发现:位于浸入浸渍皿中的基材端部上方的涂覆介质,例如催化剂和/或吸附剂组分的体积必须足以涂覆基材的通道。因此,本发明的主要特征是以在被浸入的基材之上的涂覆介质的体积为准,而不是以浸渍皿的尺寸或浸渍深度为准。
本发明的一个后果是,对于浸渍皿的形状和尺寸,涂覆介质中的基材的浸入深度,从浸入的基材到浸渍皿底部的距离和涂覆介质的量都无需进行精确的控制。因此,本发明提供了一种用于以更加均匀的方式涂覆整体基材的系统,并且与以前的方法相比,涂覆介质和基材的浪费更少。
一个在此特别详细地进行描述的用于实施本发明及其改型的合适系统在Tlomas Shimroch等人的美国专利No.4,609,563中被公开,在此一并作为参考。
参考本申请的图1,系统2用以通过将基材的最下端放置在格架6上而用手工将欲涂覆的基材,典型的为一个整体基材(为清楚起见未示出),装入基材夹4中。然后,操纵者按动启动按钮8,开始同时进行多个操作。当基材被放入并与涂覆介质接触的时候,最初,通过管线10向真空锥筒12施加低度真空,所述真空锥筒12与基材操作性地相连。浸渍皿14存储有从储存罐16中获得的涂覆介质,用以涂覆基材。正如后面将更为详细地解释的那样,装在浸渍皿14中的涂覆介质的量超过完成涂覆操作所需的涂覆介质的量。通过移动基材夹4将基材放置在浸渍皿14之上,随后使基材夹下降,直至基材浸入浸渍皿中,如下面所描述的那样,使基材被浸入足够长的时间,以便使涂覆介质进入并被向上抽入基材。
当基材最初放入浸渍皿中时,涂覆介质通常由于毛细作用被向上吸入通道。一旦涂覆介质的毛细运动已经开始,就在这里所描述的条件下,由真空泵18通过真空锥筒12向基材的顶部施加一个初始的低度真空。通过施加低度真空,进一步地向上抽吸通道内的涂覆介质,并且更多的涂覆介质从浸渍皿14以所需的长度均匀地充满基材中的所有通道。
然后,利用基材夹4将基材向上提起,离开浸渍皿14,并与浸渍皿内的剩余涂覆介质脱开接触。当基材被举起时,在基材上移并脱离开浸渍皿中的涂覆介质时,依然保持和/或增大施加到基材上的真空压力。从而,使得通道中的涂层在空气冲过通道时至少可部分地对涂层进行干燥。
根据本发明并参考图2,在浸渍皿14中装入的涂覆介质量超过了需涂覆到整体基材20上的涂覆介质的量。因此,无需对涂覆介质进行计量以便提供浸渍皿14中的涂覆介质的精确量。更具体地说,位于基材端部24浸入的高度线L上方的涂覆介质22的体积必须足以按所需的长度对基材20的通道进行涂覆。因此,基材20可在涂覆介质浴中浸入到这样的深度,即,足以保证涂覆介质的体积22充足,或者足以保证在涂覆操作中连续供给涂覆介质,以保持所需的体积。
然而,与现有方法不同的是,浸渍皿14的尺寸和形状可以在很大范围内改变。因此,单一尺寸和形状的浸渍皿可以被用于涂覆很宽范围内的各种不同尺寸和形状的整体基材。参考图2,更具体地说,浸渍皿中的涂覆介质的深度,基材的外表面和浸渍皿的内侧表面之间的距离,基材的浸渍深度和从基材20的端部24到浸渍皿底部的距离都是可以改变的,只要涂覆介质的体积22足以进行涂覆操作就可以。
本发明的一个结论是,无论何种形状和尺寸的整体基材都可以放置于一个单一尺寸和形状的浸渍皿中,并且依然可以在基材通道内涂上所需的覆层。另外,可将浸渍皿的尺寸设计得如图2所示的易于接收基材,以便于在涂覆过程中更快地对基材进行处理。如图2中明确表示地那样,浸渍皿可以接收矩形基材,同样也可接收椭圆形,多边形和圆形基材,这些形状可能经常在特定的应用中被采用。
基材通常浸入涂覆介质中的深度足以确保在基材的浸入端之上的涂覆介质具有适当的体积。在大多数情况下,基材浸入涂覆介质的深度为大约0.25至0.5英寸。虽然基材可以浸入到更深的深度,但是通常需要限制浸入深度以使发生在基材外表面上的无用的涂覆的量为最小。
当按照本发明将基材放入涂覆介质中时,涂覆介质如图2中的箭头所示地通过毛细作用被向上吸入通道26,在此过程中甚至没有施加真空。由于在基材的浸入端之上有足够体积的涂覆介质,所以毛细作用被均匀地施与所有的通道。因此,即使在没有真空的情况下,最初也可获得均匀的涂覆外形28。
然而,仍然有必要施加低度真空,以便进一步向上抽吸涂覆介质。根据本发明,通过在浸渍皿中装入过量的涂覆介质并将基材浸入端上方涂覆介质的体积保持在一个所需的水平上,以恒稳且均匀的方式将涂覆介质向上抽吸穿过通道。
根据本发明,所述低度真空应该保持不超过大约1英寸水柱。如果真空超过这一水平,涂覆层的长度和厚度的一致性则可能被破坏。依据涂覆介质的稠度和密度以及通道需要涂覆的长度的不同,施加低度真空的时间将有所不同。在大多数情况下,应作用大约1至3秒的低度真空。如前面所指出的,在已经从盛在浸渍皿中的涂覆介质中移出基材后,可以进行真空度相同或更高(即,大于1英寸水柱,通常为大约5至15英寸水柱)的第二真空作业。第二真空作业持续的时间通常大约为2至4秒。在大多数情况下,真空作业持续的总时间(即,第一和第二真空作业的总和)将不超过大约5秒。
一旦按上述方法涂上涂覆层后,在将基材送往对涂覆层进行固化的加热部件之前,干燥涂层。涂覆过的基材的干燥可以通过一种适当的方式进行,即通过按照前面所述的施加真空,以从通道中抽走水蒸气,可以很方便地实施干燥。通常,干燥作业在大约2.5分钟内完成。
一旦基材已经被涂覆好并随后被干燥,便将其送去进行加热作业,在那里,使涂覆料浆固化,以便提供可用于商业用途,例如用于催化转换器中的涂覆基材。
已知,通常的涂覆作业需要将基材的一端浸入涂覆介质,随后进行干燥,然后将基材的另一端插入涂覆介质,随后进行干燥和固化。涂覆层的长度可以被设定成在需要的地方相互重叠或者也可以相互间隔开
可按照本发明进行涂覆的整体基材通常由陶瓷、金属和塑料(用于低温应用)制成,这种基材包含细小的平行气流管,它们从基材的输入面延伸到基材的输出面,从而通道是敞开的,以便空气从前面进入,穿过基材,从后面流出。更好的方式为,通道从其入口到其出口基本上是直的,并且这些通道由作为修补涂层地浸涂过涂覆介质的壁限定,从而当气体流过通道时可与涂覆介质接触。流通通道为薄壁通道,可将它们做成具有任何适宜的截面形状和尺寸,例如梯形、矩形、正方形、正弦曲线形、六边形、椭圆形、圆形或者是用现有技术中已知的波纹状和平整的金属部件形成的形状。这些结构可以在每平方英寸的截面上包含大约60到600或者更多的进气孔(“室”)。例如在美国专利Nos.3,904,551、4,329,162和4,559,193中均公开了这些结构,上述专利在此均结合作为参考。
可以根据本发明被涂覆的涂覆介质的种类可以非常广泛,可以包括且并不限于催化性成份、吸收性成份和结合此两者的成份等通常用于生产催化转换器的成份。例如在美国专利Nos.5,057,483、4,714,694和4,134,860中公开了这些适于用作涂覆介质的成份,这些专利在此均结合作为参考。
如图3A和3B所示,本发明的方法可在各个被涂覆的通道中提供长度大致相同的均匀的涂覆外形28。在涂覆基材的生产中,特别是对于应用在催化转换器中的基材而言,均匀的涂覆外形是一种重要的特征,它可为转换有毒组分提供更加精确的催化剂分布。由于更精确地控制涂覆方法,本发明能够生产具有更精确的涂覆形状的涂覆基材产品,包括在单一基材上涂覆多层涂覆介质。另外,如果需要,可以使涂覆层之间的间断更为均匀。更进一步,可以使涂覆层的厚度在所有或部分通道内更精确地变化。
相反,用现有方法涂覆整体基材会导致不均匀的涂覆外形,通常是具有新月形的外形。当这样的涂覆基材被颠倒过来并从另一端进行涂覆时,会产生相当大区域的不希望出现的重叠。参考图4A,图中示出了一个从两端进行涂覆的整体基材40,这两端分别具有不均匀的新月形外形的涂覆层42和44。这导致产生了很大的重叠区域48,造成涂覆介质的浪费,并且可能对转换器的性能产生不利的影响。
如图4B所示,根据本发明,整体基材50的涂覆产生了两个涂覆层52和54,它们分别具有均匀的涂覆外形56,并且即使具有一个重叠区域58,该区域也比由现有技术得到的涂覆层重叠区域小得多。

Claims (11)

1.一种用涂覆介质涂覆具有多个通道的基材的方法,包括:
a)将基材部分浸入包含涂覆介质浴的容器中,所述容器装有充足的涂覆介质,足以将基材涂覆到所需高度,而不使容器内涂覆介质的高度减少到低于浸入的基材的水平;
b)向部分浸入的基材施加真空,其真空度和时间足以将涂覆介质从涂覆介质浴中向上抽入各个通道,以便形成均匀的涂覆外形;以及
c)从涂覆介质浴中移去基材。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括对涂覆好的基材进行干燥的步骤。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,包括在将基材从涂覆介质浴中移出后,继续对基材施加真空。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,在基材已从涂覆介质浴中移出后所施加的真空的真空度至少与基材浸在涂覆介质浴中时施加的真空的真空度相等。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括当基材被涂覆时,向涂覆介质浴中补充已用于涂覆介质的量。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括向部分浸入的基材施加大约1至3秒的真空。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,真空度达到1英寸水柱。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在基材已从涂覆介质浴中移去后所施加的真空度为大约5和15英寸水柱。
9.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,包括在基材已从涂覆介质浴中移去后,施加大约为2至4秒的真空。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括将基材浸入涂覆介质中直到深度大约为0.25至0.5英寸。
11.一种按照权利要求1所述的方法制造的具有均匀的涂覆外形的涂覆整体基材。
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CN1956777B (zh) * 2004-03-23 2011-06-08 维罗西股份有限公司 微通道装置中修补的均匀涂层

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TW450838B (en) 2001-08-21
JP4020267B2 (ja) 2007-12-12
WO1997048500A1 (en) 1997-12-24
CN1078504C (zh) 2002-01-30
AU3305097A (en) 1998-01-07
AR007394A1 (es) 1999-10-27
JP2000512896A (ja) 2000-10-03
US5866210A (en) 1999-02-02
KR100489574B1 (ko) 2005-08-05
KR20000022048A (ko) 2000-04-25
IN195165B (zh) 2005-01-28
ZA974625B (en) 1997-12-30
DE19781838B4 (de) 2008-08-21
DE19781838T1 (de) 1999-05-27
BR9709769A (pt) 1999-08-10

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