CN1212810C - 心瓣手术器件 - Google Patents
心瓣手术器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1212810C CN1212810C CNB008056366A CN00805636A CN1212810C CN 1212810 C CN1212810 C CN 1212810C CN B008056366 A CNB008056366 A CN B008056366A CN 00805636 A CN00805636 A CN 00805636A CN 1212810 C CN1212810 C CN 1212810C
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Abstract
一种用来完成脉管内或心脏内手术的器件,其中,所说器件至少有一部分适于安置在血管的流动路径内,所说部分具有一上游侧和一下游侧,所说部分包括:a)-瓣膜设施,使经所说血管的前进流量大于后退流量;b)-过滤器,限制栓塞微粒通过,而允许血液流过所说脉管,所说过滤器被配置在所说部分的上游,而所说瓣膜设施被配置在所说部分的下游,从而借助于所述过滤器的下游面向侧防止所述瓣膜设施的脱垂。
Description
背景
在所有的瓣膜的心脏损害中,主动脉狭窄得到的前景预报是最坏的。在一年的诊断内,有一半的病人主要由于主动脉狭窄而死去,而三年后这个数字激增到80%。目前,对主动脉狭窄的病人,只有一个有效的处理方法,即通过切开的手术来更换主动脉瓣。不幸的是这对病人来说是一个相当大的切开手术。
虽然在过去三十年间心瓣工艺技术已有显著的进展,但在研制较安全而切开较小的瓣膜送入系统方面却进步不大。目前更换主动脉瓣需要将胸骨或胸部切开,使用心肺旁路来抑制心和肺,还要在主动脉上作出大切口。通过这次切开,原来的瓣膜被切除,修复瓣膜用多道穿入到主动脉壁内的缝线缝合到主动脉的内表面上。这个过程伴随着5%的死亡率,另外与使用心肺旁路和接近主动脉瓣的方法有关还会引起相当多的疾病(中风、出血、心肌梗塞、呼吸不足、创伤感染)。年老的病人和那些还需要伴随冠状动脉接枝的病人的发病率和死亡率还会增加。所有病人在这手术后需4到6个星期才能恢复。
用较小切口来进行主动脉瓣手术曾遵循过两条路径。在上一世纪80年代,曾经掀起一阵经由皮肤的用气囊的瓣膜切除方法的风。在这手术中心脏病专家通过股动脉引入导管使病人的主动脉瓣膨胀,从而使狭窄缓解。采用在那个时候的技术,成功是有限的。瓣膜面积只是被少量增大,并且几乎所有病人在一年内都会重新狭窄。最近,外科医师曾通过较小的胸壁切开来接近主动脉阀。但这种方法仍需要用心肺旁路和心脏的抑制,这样会带来相当大的发病率和延长的术后恢复期。
一个真正能减小切口的治疗主动脉瓣疾病的方法应该在更换主动脉瓣时不需用心肺旁路。这样才能减少病人的发病率和死亡率并加快康复。虽然在治疗冠状动脉疾病时在不用心肺旁路方面已取得巨大进展(血管成形术/移植片固定物及“脱离泵的”冠状动脉旁路接枝),但类似的进展还没有在心瓣手术中实现。随着人口的老龄化和进入到先进诊断试验人数的增多,主动脉狭窄的发病率还会继续增加。发展一个“脱离泵的”更换主动脉瓣系统对这部分增加的病人人口将是一个巨大的福音。
不用心肺旁路而要更换有病的主动脉瓣有三个重大的困难问题。第一是在移走瓣膜时须不引起中风和其他局部缺血的情况,这些情况是在操作瓣膜时由于微粒材料的释出可能造成的。第二是在移走瓣膜时要防止心脏的失效。因为主动脉瓣即使在发病时仍然起着重要的作用,当移走时瓣膜会变成剧烈而严重地不合适导致病人的心脏失效以致死亡除非瓣膜的功能能由另外的设施来承担。第三个难题是将修复瓣膜放置到脉管系统内并将它固定在主动脉壁上。
US 5,827,837公开了一种被设计来进入患者静脉、动脉、心室或心脏的主血管的导管装置,该导管装置用来调节循环血管内的流体流量,它包括一个被设计来进入循环血管或心室之一的细长导管体。该导管体包括一个近端;一个远端;一个第一内腔,包含一开口的近端和一远端,在该远端的远部分处形成一端口;和一个具有一开口近端的第二内腔。该导管装置还包括一前进瓣膜与该导管体的外部联结,它被设计来沿着该导管体的外部形成一可控的前进流和一可控的后退流。该前进流量大于该回退流量。
临时瓣膜在本行业内曾被报道过,最著名的如授予Boretos等的美国专利U.S.4,056,854和授予Moulopoulos的美国专利U.S.3,671,979。
目前所有公开的临时瓣膜都是插入到一个脉管内使它前进到一个远离插入地点的位置上,然后从脉管的中心沿径向膨胀开来。
这种设计具有许多缺点。首先它在展开时要在脉管内占有相当大的长度。在进行瓣膜手术时将临时瓣膜放置在脉管内的两个分支之间是一种有效的做法。但还需要通过这两分支之间的脉管壁插入其他工具,而在本行业公开过的那些临时瓣膜往往只在两个分支之间留下极小的空间供插入这些工具之用,这是比较不方便的。同时目前公开的这些瓣膜往往被制成薄膜状,当该瓣膜关闭时难以承受流体的压力。这些瓣膜的一个显著的缺点是一般必须插入到脉管内离开要修补瓣膜较远的距离使有合适的空间可供展开。如果手术的某些部分要通过胸壁完成,那么插入这种临时瓣膜可能需要一个远离胸腔的切口,这将增加发病率和手术的复杂性。现有技术的另一个缺点是具有三个或较少的小叶的瓣膜依靠每一个小叶的完善效能,如果其中有一个小叶发生误作用,那么该瓣膜就不能合适地作用。
在整个本文内词语“近端”和“远端”将被用来说明在脉管解剖图内的位置。在动脉系统内,近端意为靠近心脏而远端意为离开心脏。在静脉系统内,近端意为离开心脏而远端意为靠近心脏。但不论是动脉还是静脉系统内,在血液流动路径内远端点总是在近端点的下游。另外,还用到“前进”和“后退”的词语。在动脉系统内,前进意为离开心脏的流动,而后退意为流向心脏。在静脉系统内,这两词语的意义又被倒过来,前进意为流向心脏而后退意为离开心脏。
本发明的综述
本发明涉及一种用来完成脉管内或心脏内手术的器件,其中,所说器件至少有一部分适于安置在血管的流动路径内,所说部分具有一上游侧和一下游侧,所说部分包括:a)-瓣膜设施,使经所说血管的前进流量大于后退流量;b)-过滤器,限制栓塞微粒通过,而允许血液流过所说脉管,所说过滤器被配置在所说部分的上游,而所说瓣膜设施被配置在所说部分的下游,从而借助于所述过滤器的下游面向侧防止所述瓣膜设施的脱垂。
本发明还涉及修补或更换心瓣的器件。
这些器件包括插入到主动脉的一个区段内的至少一个临时瓣膜和一个临时过滤器。随着这些器件的设置,各个手术就能在主动脉瓣上进行。做完这些手术后,临时瓣膜和临时过滤器能被移走。
临时瓣膜的作用为限制后退的血流而允许前进的血液。一般地说,该瓣膜在心律的收缩期允许血液的前进流动而在舒张期阻碍血液的流动。当一手术在原来的瓣膜上进行时临时瓣膜用来协助或替代原来瓣膜的作用。临时瓣膜设施可以有多种设计,下面说明的实施例只是用来说明的一个范例,并不能用来限制本发明的范围。
临时瓣膜能被放置在主动脉内任何合适的位置上并能直接插入到主动脉内或是通过周边的脉管如股动脉或辅助动脉前进到主动脉内。临时瓣膜最好以只需较小插入孔的压缩状态插入到脉管系统内,然后在主动脉内所需的地点膨胀开来,使用完毕后能再被压缩以便取走。在膨胀状态下,该瓣膜能占有主动脉的全部路径,本发明并不要求这样做,并且这对某些患有强烈动脉粥样硬化的病人并不好。因此临时瓣膜虽然能够但并非必需与主动脉壁接触,它可被用来阻碍主动脉流动路径的所有部分或只是一部分。
临时过滤器的作用是防止在进行瓣膜手术期间栓塞微粒从远端移动到过滤器。在一较优的使用方法中,过滤器被放置在主动脉内靠近头臂动脉处借以防止栓塞微粒到达脑部。过滤器可有多种设计,包括孔眼尺寸小于预期栓塞微粒尺寸的筛网过滤器,但并不限于这种。过滤器能被直接插入到主动脉内或从周边的动脉前进到主动脉内。过滤器最好以被压缩的状态插入到主动脉内,然后在主动脉内合适的地点膨胀成较大的状态。
临时过滤器和临时活瓣可以是分开的元件或成为一个整体器件的一部分。它们可被固定在各种管、杆、线、导管等上,借以帮助它们插入到脉管系统内或从其内取出。
一旦临时活瓣和过滤器被放置好,就能在心脏跳动时安全地在主动脉瓣上完成各个手术,其中包括气囊的主动脉瓣成形、或主动脉瓣的去除、接下来放置一个永久的修复瓣膜,但并不限于这些。临时瓣膜、临时过滤器或两者都可设计有内腔,通过该内腔能放置各种手术器械,器械也可在器件的周围送入或通过主动脉内一个地点与这两器件接近。
临时瓣膜允许去除原来的瓣膜因为它能减少由于原来瓣膜的不足而导致心脏失效的危险。在原来的瓣膜上去除至少某些部分能用一种或多种工具来实行,该工具能被直接插入到主动脉内,或通过周边的动脉,然后前进到原来的瓣膜处。与此类似,永久的修复瓣膜可直接插入到主动脉内或通过周边动脉前进到主动脉内。修复瓣膜最好以压缩状态插入,然后在所需植入地点膨胀或被膨胀。植入地点最好靠近冠状动脉,但也可设在主动脉内任何一个合适的位置上。瓣膜可以是本行业公知的多种型式中的一种,但最好为一柔顺的、适宜以压缩状态插入到动脉内的瓣膜。这个方法还可包括放置上述临时过滤器来减少在操作原来的瓣膜时产生的栓塞微粒所能造成的危险。如上所述,临时过滤器可以是一个分开的器件或临时瓣膜的一个整体构件。
将上述临时瓣膜插入到主动脉内,将原来的主动脉瓣至少去除某些部分,及将一个永久的修复瓣膜放置在主动脉内的某一地点上的步骤都可借助于各种显影技术来观察,显影技术可包括但不限于下列各项:X射线荧光检查术、血管造影照相术、及/或心脏外、主动脉外及/或横越食道的超声心动描记术。利用这些手段可用来实时观察在主动脉内和在心脏内的结构和器械。
虽然在本说明内具体涉及的是在主动脉瓣上完成的手术,但这里所说器件也可用于心脏内的其他瓣膜。上面以及在下面所说的器件能被用作在心瓣上完成的手术的一部分,但它们的使用并不受这个有限用途的限制。
附图的说明
为了更充分地了解本发明的性质和目的,可参阅下面结合附图所作的详细说明,在附图中:
图1A-1F画出本发明的示范的过滤器器件在展开时的各个阶段;
图2A-2C画出临时过滤器器件的另一个实施例。设有位在这个器件套管外部周围的小气囊,该气囊在膨胀时能压迫血液流动通过过滤器;
图3A为本发明的脉管内手术用导管的略图,其中单向瓣膜和过滤器膜片在收缩状态;
图3B画出图3A的脉管内手术导管在单向瓣膜和过滤器膜片展开后的情况;
图4A画出图3A的手术导管的瓣膜和过滤器构件沿着后退流动路径看去的情况。在图4A的左部,瓣膜被关闭以阻止后退流动,而在图4A的右部开启,可允许前进的流动。
图4B画出沿着垂直于流动路径的轴线看去时,图3A中手术导管的“瓣膜开启”(左部)和“辩膜关闭”(右部)位置;
图5A画出图1A中手术导管的过滤器膜片元件沿着脉管内的流动路径看去的情况;
图5B画出图3A中手术导管的单向瓣膜被拿掉后的情况。
图6画出用于图3A中脉管内手术导管的临时瓣膜和过滤器元件的示范展开系统;
图7A-7D画出用来帮助图3A中脉管内手术导管的临时瓣膜和过滤器元件展开的示范元件;
图8A和8B画出本发明的临时瓣膜和过滤器器件的另一个实施例。所示器件的临时瓣膜为一在内套管外侧的小气囊,气囊充气时可阻止后退流动,放气时则可让血液前进流动;
图9A和9B画出按照本发明的临时瓣膜和过滤器器件的另一个实施例。小舌片材料倒在临时过滤器的可膨胀的筛网上可阻止后退流动。
图10A和10B画出按照本发明的临时瓣膜和过滤器器件的另一个实施例。在瓣膜材料上切出的裂缝位在可膨胀筛网的周围,在前进流动时可给血液提供路径,而在血液后退流动时它就闭合在可膨胀筛网上。
图11A和11B画出图2A-C中的器件加上单向瓣膜后的情况;
图12画出按照本发明的一个可替代的临时瓣膜组件的分解剖视图。在图12中除垫底元件110和瓣膜111外,瓣膜组件的构件都用剖面示出。
图13A、13B、13C、13C’、13D和13D’画出图12所示瓣膜组件的一系列剖视图;
图13A画出图12中示范瓣膜组件的瓣膜以压缩状态放置在发送套管105内。
图13B画出图13A的瓣膜前进到发送套管105的外侧;
图13C画出图13A中的瓣膜膨胀后沿着瓣膜展开所在脉管的长轴看去的情况。瓣膜的膨胀由向后拉动捏手101来完成。在图13C中,瓣膜开启,允许血液流动通过柔性环109,当将瓣膜放置在主动脉内并用来支承主动脉瓣时,本图代表瓣膜在心脏收缩期的状态;
图13C’与图13C相同,只是瓣膜组件是沿着瓣膜展开所在管的径向看去。瓣膜小叶片111向柔性环109的右边(如图)伸出。
图13D画出图13A中的瓣膜膨胀后沿着瓣膜展开所在管的长轴看去的情况。在图13D中,瓣膜关闭,阻止血液流动通过柔性环109。当将瓣膜放置在主动脉内并用来支持主动脉瓣时,本图代表瓣膜在心脏舒张期的状态;
图13D’与图13D相同,只是瓣膜组件是沿着瓣膜展开所在管的径向看去。瓣膜小叶片111塌陷在支持环110上;
图14A-14D画出插入到脉管内的、图12中的临时瓣膜组件的瓣膜端。图14A为一侧视图,示出在脉管内的部分展开。图14B为图14A中展开状态的侧视图,示出有一小棍106将临时瓣膜定位在脉管内。在这图中,临时瓣膜开始展开并膨胀。图14C和图14D为类似的图,其中临时瓣膜展开得更多;
图15画出本发明的临时瓣膜在主动脉内展开的情况,其时瓣膜开启;
图16画出图15中的临时瓣膜在主动脉内展开的情况,其时瓣膜关闭;
图17A-17E示出修复瓣膜的各个构件和固定系统,左侧为侧视图,右侧为轴向视图;
图18画出使用本发明的临时瓣膜在心瓣上进行手术的方法;
图19画出使用本发明的临时瓣膜在心瓣上进行手术的另一个方法;
图20画出在心瓣和内套管去除后的图18和19的方法;
图21画出按照本发明通过外套管进入到瓣膜环内的可膨胀的修复瓣膜展开的情况;
图22画出按照本发明的保持心律的情况下将修复瓣膜固定到脉管壁上的示范方法;
图23A和23B画出按照本发明修补狭窄主动脉瓣的方法;
图24画出使用按照本发明的临时瓣膜和过滤器在心瓣上进行手术的方法。
优选实施例的说明
本发明的方法和器件能被用来在心瓣上进行手术而可不需抑制心脏或设置心肺旁路。下面将说明方法和器件的各种实施例由此可明确本发明的广度。
优选实施例-临时过滤器器件
对于任何一种有可能释放栓塞微粒材料的脉管内手术来说,一个重要的方面是要防止中风和局部缺血事故。下面将说明多种临时过滤器器件,利用这些器件在过滤的血液流动通过管腔时可将手术器械放入管腔内从而进入到脉管系统内。
图1A-1F画出本发明的示范的临时过滤器器件在展开时的多个阶段,这个器件在操作及/或切除心瓣时特别有用。
图1A示出过滤器器件10的三个主要构件,即外套管1、内套管2、和可膨胀的筛网3。外套管1具有比内套管2外直径大的内直径。筛网3当塌陷时一般成管状,而当膨胀时至少部分成圆锥状,位在内套管2的外侧。筛网3的圆锥部的顶体沿着一段(在右侧)靠近内套管2远端的长度可移动地连结到内套管2上。塌陷的筛网3被约束在内套管2上的两个外直径台阶4之间,该两外直径台阶被牢固地固定在内套管2上或与内套管成为一体。这两外直径台阶的直径可大于内套管2的一般外直径或者可成为内套筒2直径缩小段两端的标记。筛网3的顶可沿着内套管2在两个外直径台阶之间的一段长度上自由滑动并环绕该长度转动。可膨胀筛网3可沿着这个长度固定在一个内直径比内套环2外直径大的环(未示出)上。这样内套管便可在脉管内沿着其长轴移动并环绕其长轴转动,从而可膨胀筛网和过滤器材料便可不在管壁上擦过并磨损管壁。这个特点可用来减少在进行手术所要求的操作时栓塞微粒材料从管壁上迁走的危险。
为了保持在图1A-1F中实施例的塌陷状态,筛网3被定位在内套管2的外表面上。如图1F所示(但没有在图1A-1E中示出),过滤器材料71如具有一定孔眼大小的织造尼龙筛网可定位在筛网3上。这种材料可任意选用,覆盖膨胀筛网的至少某些部分,并可放置在筛网3的外表面或内表面上。
外套管和内套管可由各种塑料、橡胶、金属中的任何一种制成,还可由其他材料制成。它们在性质上可以是完全刚性的或柔性的。它们可以在其大部分长度上是刚性的而小部分区域是柔性的或能使套管弯曲的。还可以在内套管2内设置瓣膜设施(未示出)使当允许手术器械移动通过内套管时阻止血液的流动。内套管2和外套管1都可在脉管系统外设有除气口(未示出)使空气和其他气体能从套管内部除去。
可膨胀的筛网3也可由任何一种材料制成,但最好由弹性金属制成管状。这个管最好在膨胀状态具有第一直径而在压缩状态具有第二个较小的直径。第一直径最好与放置过滤器的主动脉或脉管的直径近似。筛网本身能被用作过滤器或者可将过滤器材料敷设在筛网的内部或外部。这个实施例只是用来说明的一个例子,在不离开本发明精神的情况下还可能有许多其他的实施例。
图1B画出组装的过滤器器件10,内套管2的远端被插入到外套管1的近端内。
在图1C中画出的组装过滤器器件10中,外套管1已向近端后退,露出筛网3并允许它自由膨胀到脉管的内壁上,筛网就在脉管内展开。在本实施例中,筛网3膨胀成为圆锥形,圆锥的底部向套管的远端延伸。内套管2有一偏转的顶使套管的内腔弯曲偏离器件的长轴线。这个弯曲可帮助导引任何移动通过内套管2管腔的手术器械走向管壁及/或将心瓣连结到该壁上。在本图中由于筛网3可以移动,因此在形成这个弯曲时筛网3相对于其插入的脉管的取向可毋需变动。如图所示,内套管2的顶端可伸出到筛网3之外。另外,在某些实施例中,该顶端可由外科医生遥控操纵。在那种设计中,一种伸出到套管2外的器件如瓣膜切除器件可被操纵来切除狭窄瓣膜上所需切除的部分。本发明还可包括一个延伸通过套管2的光纤观察组件。
图1D画出图1C中的器件,其时内套管环绕其长轴线被转动180°并向近端后退。由于膨胀筛网3可滑动地连结在内套管2上,因此筛网3相对于脉管壁可不会有任何移动。
图1E画出图1D中的器件在移走时的情况。外套管1前进越过内套管2并从周围压缩膨胀的筛网3和任何被捕获的材料。由于膨胀筛网3能够相对于内套管移动,因此筛网3可移动到内套管2远端之外。这样可保证被筛网3捕获的检塞微粒材料不会被夹在筛网3和内套管2的外表面之间,从而不会妨碍外套管1在筛网3和内套管2上越过。采用这种筛网3可相对于内套管2移动的方法,与在现有技术中说明的固定的近端过滤器相比,捕获的栓塞微粒材料的数量要大得多。
图1F画出在图1D中器件的膨胀筛网3的外表面上添加过滤器材料21的情况。在这实施例中,膨胀筛网3被缩短到正好为前述筛网的圆锥部分。过滤器延伸部70从这圆锥部向远端伸出,但就一个直径等于圆锥形筛网最大直径的圆筒形来说,延伸部只占有圆筒圆周的一部分。这个延伸部适宜贴在管壁上并停留在一个或多个从脉管分叉的动脉的门口上。对于那些可能位在瓣膜接缝之间的分支脉管的门口如在主动脉内的冠状门口,图1F的延伸部的设计有利于过滤这种分支脉管的门口。
用在主动脉瓣膜上时,延伸部70最好延伸到圆锥形膨胀端圆周上三个互相间隔开的点上,这三个点最好以120度互相间隔开。每一延伸部70最好为一半圆形的小叶片,该半圆的直径位在圆锥形底部的圆周上。当展开时,器件10被这样定向使圆锥形底部向主动脉瓣膜膨胀,而这三个小叶片的形状允许过滤器在主动脉瓣连合的三个顶点造成的平面之外沿着主动脉壁膨胀或前进。在这位置上,小叶片可覆盖并过滤左、右冠状门口,而过滤器圆锥则过滤流动通过主动脉的血液。
在膨胀的位置上,这三个延伸部70由于过滤器材料71的刚度或由于过滤器本身的形状,能被可膨胀的筛网顶着主动脉壁偏移。延伸部70还能被这样设计,利用脉管内的压力压迫延伸部使它们贴紧在脉管壁上。
这样一种可膨胀的过滤器在膨胀筛网的圆锥部分未被过滤材料71未被覆盖时可用来只是过滤分支脉管。在这样一个实施例中,可以使用部分的过滤器延伸部(如图1F所示),也可使用能覆盖管壁整个圆周的完全的圆筒形过滤器。
图2A、2B和2C示出过滤器的一个可替代的实施例可被用来从流动通过脉管的血液中滤出栓塞微粒材料。过滤器20具有一个套管17、一个位在套管内的瓣膜(未示出)、一个如气囊19的可膨胀的设施、和一个如筛网18的过滤器。在套管17内的瓣膜的作用是可防止从脉管内流出的血液流动通过套管17但可允许手术器械通过套管17的管腔伸入。这个瓣膜定位在图2A和2B中过滤器18的右侧。将气体或液体通过进口21注入便可使气囊19膨胀。一旦这样膨胀,气囊19便将套管17外脉管的流动路径堵塞。因此,血液必须通过过滤器18流入到套管17内并从套管内流出。这样,栓塞微粒材料就被阻止不让流动通过过滤器。在图2B中有一脉管内器械5通过套管17内腔伸入,由于器械5并不占有套管17的整个内部流动面积,因此血液能够在器械5的周围流动,进入套管17内并通过过滤器18。图2C为从图2B的左侧看去的过滤器20和器械5的端视图。在这图中,血液的流动路径为由套管17的内壁17和器械5的轴形成的环状空间22。另外通过部分气囊19还可能设有血液流动路径,这些路径可任意选用地用另外的过滤器筛网覆盖。过滤器20能被用于多种脉管内手术,由于血液被过滤而使手术受益。
优选实施例-组合的临时瓣膜器件
为了在心瓣上进行手术而不使用心肺旁路,关键在于在手术过程中要支持瓣膜的作用。下面揭示能完成这个作用的临时瓣膜的多个较优实施例。许多这种瓣膜与过滤器组合在一起,这样可进一步限制由释放出来的栓塞微粒材料而可能造成的局部缺血现象的危险。
图3-7画出这种组合瓣阀和过滤器器件。如图3A和3B所示,脉管内手术导管2’被插入到主体内,它越过导线800被定位在所需位置上,就本例言是在上升的主动脉内,在冠状动脉之上而在头臂动脉之下。导线800和导引导管700于是可被拿掉。
一旦脉管内手术导管2’就位,临时的单向瓣膜26、可选择穿透的过滤膜片3’,和安装环900就可展开。所谓展开为将瓣膜26、膜片3’及/或安装环900的直径有控制而可调节地增加一直到它们对接或接近对接在脉管的内壁上为止。
临时的单向瓣膜机构26可以是任何一种型式的单向瓣膜。瓣膜26的关键功能是要限制主动脉的机能不足,从而限制由于切除或操作有病的和损坏的主瓣膜时所产生而施加在心脏上的超负载量。这样便可在瓣膜上完成手术和更换瓣膜而可不需部分的或完全的心脏旁路或心肺旁路。
接下来便可切除移走或操作主动脉瓣。如果要更换瓣膜,可将新的心瓣植入。这个瓣膜可被装在脉管内手术导管2’上或者可通过另一个进入口或套管发送。在手术完成后,所有器件均被后退并撤走。
示范的脉管内手术导管2’为一由柔性材料制成的圆筒形套。该导管是耐用的,能抗凝血,具有下列相关构件:
一个管腔用来通过各种器件如成像器件、组织切除器件、瓣膜展开器件、新瓣膜、或在脉管内管身上或瓣膜上完成脉管内手术所必需的任何其他器件;
一个导引导管700,该导管在一端带有锥度并伸出到脉管内手术导管2’的工作口之外;导管700可帮助脉管内手术导管的定位;
一个在手术导管内的单向瓣膜25在进行手术时用来限制血液的流失;
一个临时的单向瓣膜26;
一个可选择穿透的过滤膜片3’;
一个脉管内的安装环900,其上装有临时瓣膜26及/或可选择穿透的过滤膜片3’;
一个展伸系统950-958由于导引导管700和脉管内手术导管2’的相互作用可使安装环900、临时脉管内单向瓣膜26、和可选择穿透的过滤膜片3’展开;
在导管远端管壁上的许多孔眼600在进行手术时可增加血液的上升流动。
在进行脉管内手术时,上述这些构件可单独使用或组合起来使用。
脉管内手术导管2’管腔的作用为一工作口可用来通过各种器件如成像器件、组织切除器件、或者在脉管内管身上或瓣膜上进行脉管内手术所必需的任何其他器件。
脉管内手术导管2’本身在其管腔内有一单向瓣膜25(用虚线示出)用来在手术过程中减少血液的流失。这个单向瓣膜可以具有任何形状,只要它能用来使器械能够通过脉管内手术导管伸入和移出并能阻止血液回流通过脉管内手术导管即可。这个单向瓣膜位在脉管内手术导管的侧边孔眼600附近。
临时瓣膜26由柔性而耐用的不凝血的材料制成。瓣膜26可以是任何一种单向瓣膜并具有所需的或多或少的小叶片只要它能允许血液上升流动并阻止血液回流即可。这样在操作瓣膜时可减少主动脉机能不全的发展并可减少对心脏旁路或心肺旁路的需要。在图3A、3B和图4A、4B中画出的瓣膜为装在安装环900上具有两个小叶片的瓣膜。它在开启位置时允许上升血液流动通过过滤器3’,而在关闭位置时由于塌陷在过滤器3’上能阻止后退血液的流动。瓣膜机构为一简单的、单向、单孔眼的、装在稳定器上的瓣膜。但该瓣膜能不依靠安装环900而被安装并且如前所述能采取任何形状只要它作用起来如同单向瓣膜即可。
可选择穿透的过滤膜片3’的中心被安装在脉管内手术导管2’的外面的壁上。过滤膜片3’的较大直径的周边被安装在安装环900上,当展开时它成为圆锥形并正好安放在临时瓣膜26的上游。过滤膜片3’由柔性的、耐用的、不凝血的材料制成,它具有许多孔眼,孔眼的大小允许所选择的流体(即血液和血液组分)通过,但可阻止在脉管内进行手术时所产生的碎屑的流动成为栓塞。将该膜片放置在临时瓣膜26的上游可防止临时瓣膜小叶片的脱出。
为了帮助脉管内手术导管2’的定位和取出,有一尺寸为脉管内手术导管2’的内直径的、带有锥度的导引导管700被放置在脉管内手术导管2’的内侧如图3A所示。在一较优的形式中,带锥度的端头在远顶尖DT从脉管内手术导管2’内伸出约2厘米,但其他伸出长度也可使用。导引导管700由柔性材料制成,其端头是柔软的,因此在放置脉管内手术导管2’时可防止操作脉管。导引导管700的管腔具有这样的大小使它能够移动越过导线800。
导引导管700还能用来展开和撤出安装环900、临时瓣膜26、和过滤器膜片3’。图6示出一个膜片3’用的示范的展开组件DA,该组件DA包括元件950-958,将在下面详细说明。如图7A所示,导引导管700在远端开有槽可与支承安装环900的撑条952的延伸壁955接合。
安装环900用撑条952安装在脉管内手术导管2’的外侧。安装环900由柔性而耐用的、不凝血的材料制成,该材料在展开时与脉管的内腔对接。临时瓣膜26及/或可选择穿透的膜片3’装在安装环900上,能随安装环900的展开而展开。安装环900以有控制、可调节的方式展开。撑条952被连接到装在脉管内手术导管2’上的活动环953和固定环950上如图6所示。活动环953具有延伸部955穿过脉管内手术导管2’壁内的槽而伸入到手术导管的管腔内与导引导管700壁内的凹槽957接合。这样当导引导管700在手术导管2’内后撤或前进时,安装环900就以雨伞状的方式展开或收拢。一旦安装环900展开到所需的直径,便可将延伸臂955接合到在脉管内手术导管2’的壁上切出的锁定槽958内将安装环900锁定在位。这时,导引导管700便可与延伸臂955脱离接合并被移走而安装环900则留在展开状态。
如图6所示,撑条机构由撑条952、环950和953和活关节954构成。这里画出的撑条机构具有三根撑条952将安装环900连接到装在手术导管2’外侧的固定的近环950上。撑条还被连接到支承臂951上,该臂延伸到也是装在脉管内手术导管2’外侧的活动的远环953上。远环953设有延伸臂955,该臂延伸穿过手术导管2’壁内的槽如图7所示。相对于支承环950移动支承环953便可使安装环900膨胀。撑条952和臂951均被铰接在枢支点954上。
图8A和8B示出在脉管内手术中使用的组合的瓣膜和过滤器器件的另一个实施例。器件40的过滤器设施与图1A-1E中画出的器件10相同。在图8A和8B中画出为可膨胀气囊25的临时瓣膜位在器件外套管1’的外面。有一连续的内腔(未示出)从气囊25内部延伸到接口21’。接口21’用管子24连接到气囊泵8。图8A画出的器件40是在心脏收缩期的情况,过滤器3展开而气囊25消气。图8B示出的是气囊25在舒张期的充气状态。与图3中的器件10相似,内套管2可具有一个内腔,通过该内脏器械能被伸入以便进行脉管内手术。在这些图中,示出的过滤器是在瓣膜的左边。但在其他实施例中,这个关系也可被倒转。
图9A和9B示出在脉管内手术中使用的组合的瓣膜和过滤器器件的还原一个实施例。器件50与图1A-1E中的器件10基本相同,只是增添了覆盖在膨胀过滤器3表面的瓣膜设施26。在这个实施例中,瓣膜设施26由一个或多个连结到膨胀筛网过滤器3所形成的圆锥底部外侧的薄片构成。薄片材料在圆锥的顶部较易自由移动致使筛网过滤器3和薄片材料协同作用如同一个瓣阀。如图9B所示,血液从圆锥内部流动通过过滤器使瓣阀26开启并允许流出。如图9A所示,流向圆锥外侧的血液使瓣闪26的薄片材料贴紧在圆锥外侧,可阻止血液流动通过过滤器3。与图3相似,该器件的筛网过滤器3和瓣阀26能以被压缩的状态在外套管1内被发送。一旦外套管1被撤走,筛网过滤器3和瓣阀26就可膨胀。薄片材料能用细丝27或类似物增添地固定在内套管2的较近段上以便在外套管1前进时可帮助瓣阀26和过滤器3返回到塌陷状态。
图10A和10B示出组合的瓣膜和过滤器器件的另一个实施例。器件60与图1A-1E中的器件10基本相同,只是增添了覆盖在膨胀过滤器3表面上的瓣膜28。瓣膜28由单一薄片材料构成,覆盖着膨胀筛网过滤器圆锥部的整个外表面。它被至少连结到圆锥的底部或顶部或内套管2外面接近顶部的地方。在这些连结点之间切有通过薄片的狭缝29。如图10A所示,血液在后退流动时即从圆锥的顶部流向其底部,狭缝29对过滤器3关闭,可阻止血液流动通过膨胀的过滤器3。如图10B所示,血液在上升流动时即从圆锥的底部流向其顶部,狭缝29移动到开启状态,可允许血液流动通过膨胀过滤器3。在这两图中示出的狭缝是在一个伸展通过内套管2长轴线的平面内,但其他取向也是可能的。另外,图中所示为单一狭缝,但也可能用多条狭缝。具有瓣膜28的薄片材料能被增添地连结到筛网过滤器3的另外一些点上来帮助它起作用。
图11A和11B画出组合的瓣膜和过滤器器件30。器件30的过滤器设施与图2A-2C中所示的过滤器器件20相同。在这个实施例中,瓣膜22被放置在套管17外面的周围,覆盖着过滤器18。瓣膜设施22最好为硅橡胶那样材料的柔性套筒。沿着套筒长度切有一条通过套筒的狭缝23。该狭缝23在正常情况下关闭,但在套管17内的正压力下开启。因此,当将这个器件放置在动脉系统内,使其远端(气囊19附近)指向近端,狭缝23便可在心律收缩期开启,允许血液流动通过过滤器18,并在舒张期关闭,阻止血液流动通过过滤器18。图11A画出瓣膜22是在关闭位置,而图11B画出瓣膜22是在开启位置。与器件20相似,器件30也可设计有通过气囊19的另外的流通路径。在这些流动路径上也可设有相应的过滤器和单向瓣膜。
上述过滤器和瓣膜的实施例中的每一种都可适宜地通过一个插入点插入到脉管内,然后在脉管内一个远离插入点的点的中心沿径向展开。
图12-14所揭示的临时瓣膜组件(带有任选的过滤器)100能够基本上垂直于脉管的长轴线而插入到脉管内并在插入点或其附近膨胀开来。
在一优选的形式中,瓣膜组件100具有四个构件,即一个套管、一个可变形的环、一个垫底元件和一个瓣膜。使用时,套管的远端被插入到脉管内,可变形环于是在套管内前进到走出套管的远端进入到脉管并膨胀到与脉管的内壁对接。垫底元件跨越膨胀环的内腔并至少有一个点连结在该环上。垫底元件可被血液流动穿透。瓣膜可被固定在膨胀环上或垫底元件上或两者上,其功能为在第一方向上由于瓣膜塌陷在垫底元件上并且基本覆盖该环所形成的所有内腔,因此可停止血液沿着脉管的长轴线流动通过该环;而在第二个相反的方向上,由于血液在该方向流动通过该环时瓣膜能偏转离开垫底元件,因此能允许血液流动通过。
图12以分解的形式画出瓣膜器件100的详细构造。捏手101为一刚性件,有一孔用来将它连结到中心杆106上。杆106亦为刚性并可连结到器件的瓣膜构件(如所示出的零件G、A和B)以及两个小圆片108和108’上。第二捏手102通过管子103被固定在瓣膜支座107上。零件I形成近端的密封104与发送套管105固定在一起。杆106能延伸通过瓣膜支座107、管子103、和第二捏手102。近端密封104包括一个O形圈密封在管子103的外周。柔性环109有一孔通过其长度的中央可在图中形成的环的底部上看到。垫底元件110和瓣膜111可用任何合适的固定设施固定在柔性环109上。垫底元件110跨越柔性环109的内部。垫底元件110由柔性材料制成,最好为织造的尼龙片。这个片能用来从流动通过柔性环109的血液中滤去微粒碎屑。瓣膜111为一组瓣膜小叶片。在本图中有六个瓣膜小叶片,这些小叶片被连结到垫底元件110、柔性环109或两者的周边上,例如可用一个材料环将小叶片包围起来。一旦装配好,垫底元件110、瓣膜111、和柔性环109便可通过瓣膜支座107内的两个小贯穿孔固定在瓣膜支座107上。这两个贯穿孔起到枢支点的作用,柔性环109的两端可环绕该枢支点旋转。杆106通过瓣膜支座107内的中央内腔、上圆片108、柔性环109内的孔、最好为下圆片108’被插入。小圆片108和108’被固定在杆106上,使柔性环109的中心部不能相对于杆106的下端转动。瓣膜支座107配装在发送套管105的内腔内。
在这个瓣膜组件100的一个较优的实施例中,垫底元件110为一多孔的薄片材料,该材料还能过滤流动通过可变形环109的血液。这个薄片可以是具有通孔可让血液流过的织造材料,但其他形式也可使用,所有这些都在本发明的范围内。
在器件100的另一个较优的实施例中,可变形环109由具有非圆形横截面的带材制成,它可以具有长方形的横截面,长方形的较厚侧可对着脉管壁,这样可使该环具有更大的易弯曲性容易适应脉管壁的形状,和更大的刚性来抵制在血液流动通过脉管的压力下会发生的离开脉管壁的跳动和扭转。
瓣膜111最好被制成一组小叶片如图所示。这些瓣膜小叶片能重叠地塌陷在垫底元件110上来阻止在第一方向上流动通过环100。这些小叶片能交替接合在一起来阻止在第一方向上的流动。在这种形式下,该器件使用时可不带过滤器(垫底元件),成为只有瓣膜的器件。一般地说,使用这种器件时过滤器可设在另外的位置上。
瓣膜111的小叶片最好由薄而柔性的片材制成,可以有任何数目的小叶片。这些小叶片的大小可制造得能够协调动作来关闭由环形成的流动路径,也可将小叶片的尺寸交替做大,这样只要少数而不是全部小叶片便可关闭流动路径。
在一个实施例中,可以有两个或多个小叶片,一个或数个小叶片的组合能够逆着沿第二方向的流动关闭通过该环的流动路径。
瓣膜111可由切有狭缝的片材替代。狭缝基本上保持关闭(不分开),这样当塌陷在垫底元件上时便可阻止在第一方向上流动通过环109所造成的流动路径。而当血液在第二个相反的方向上流动通过流动路径时由于狭缝可在离开垫底元件的方向上分开,因此可以允许血液通过。
在一个使用图12-14中瓣膜的较优方法中,器件是从它所进入放置的脉管圆周上的一个点或一组点膨胀开来的,一直到瓣膜基本上占有该脉管的所有横截面上的流动面积为止。
使用图12-14中器件的另一个方法是通过一个进入点将器件的远端插入到脉管内,然后在靠近进入点的地方膨胀瓣膜,在开胸手术中,这样做使器件容易被放置在心脏附近。
另一个使用该器件的方法是将器件的远端沿着一条基本上与脉管长轴线垂直的路径插入到脉管内,然后在该路径附近膨胀瓣膜一直到它占有脉管的整个流动路径并坐落在该脉管的一个与长轴线垂直的横截面上为止。这样可减少脉管被临时瓣膜器件占用的长度。
图15画出临时瓣膜组件100,其瓣膜在主动脉215内展开。图中示出一个手术通过一个使用手术器械205的分开的接近用套管201正在主动脉瓣212上进行。所示器件100的瓣膜开启(如图13C’),允许血液流动通过柔性环109。图中画出的是在心律的收缩期。
在图16中,瓣膜组件100被相似地定位,只是处在关闭状态(如图13D’),可阻止血液回流到心脏。图中画出的是在心律的舒张期。图中所示瓣膜组件100的远离主动脉拱顶三个分支脉管的位置是该器件的一个有代表性的应用,但并不以此为限。
优先实施例-修复的瓣膜
本发明的另一方面为在图17A-17E中示出的瓣膜固定器件。瓣膜固定器件300被用来将修复瓣膜固定到脉管壁上。在一较优的实施例中,修复瓣膜为一不展伸的组织瓣膜。该组织瓣膜当放置在解剖位置上时,其底部靠近心脏而顶尖远离底部。修复瓣膜最好具有三个连合和三个小叶片。连合的顶尖指向瓣膜的顶尖。该瓣膜具有内表面和外表面,内表面用作瓣膜小叶片连结到瓣膜环的连结地点,外表面一般光滑并形成至少一部分圆筒形。瓣膜具有一条沿着圆筒形长轴线延伸的长轴线。
瓣膜固定器件由至少一个基本为刚性的撑条和至少两个可膨胀的固定环。撑条在一基本上平行于瓣膜长轴线的方向上沿着瓣膜的外表面延伸。两个固定环最好位在瓣膜的底部和顶尖的圆周上。这两环被固定在撑条上使在这两环之间沿着瓣膜长轴线的距离保持固定。瓣膜最好用任何合适的固定设施包括但并不限于倒钩、缝线、U形环、胶粘剂或类似物固定到固定环和撑条上。在一较优的实施例中,瓣膜固定设施90具有三个撑条92和两个环91。每一个撑条都被沿着一条平行于瓣膜长轴线的轴线固定到瓣膜上并且靠近瓣膜中的一个连合。
环91最好能自己膨胀。或者环91可用任何合适的设施如气囊被塑性地膨胀。环91及/或撑条92在沿其外部的任何位置上可使用倒钩或大钉83来帮助将瓣膜固定在脉管壁上。环91还可固定在瓣膜外部并在环91上使用密封材料84或其他设施来帮助将环91密封在脉管壁上。
在优选的实施例中,瓣膜固定器件90和连结的组织瓣膜80以压缩的状态被插入到脉管系统内。于是可使压缩瓣膜/固定系统前进到植入点、膨胀、并固定在脉管壁上。当用作主动脉瓣的更换时,压缩瓣膜/固定系统能通过远离主动脉的任何一个周边动脉被插入。或者,瓣膜能通过心室壁被插入,或直接被插入到主动脉内。多种器件能被用来帮助将瓣膜发送到植入点,这些器件包括本行业所公知的发送套管、导管和多种瓣膜支座中的任一种但并不限于这一些。
图17A画出本行业公知的那种不展伸的组织瓣膜80。该瓣膜具有瓣膜壁81和三个连结在其上的小叶片82。瓣膜壁81的圆筒形有三个部分被除去,使该瓣膜壁不会堵塞分支脉管如冠状动脉。这种型式的瓣膜修复可有许多变化。任何一个具有一个壁和多个小叶片的柔性瓣膜都可用于本发明。
图17B画出本发明的瓣膜固定器件90。这个实施例具有两个可膨胀的环状结构91,图中所示为其膨胀状态,和三个撑条92。撑条92具有较大的刚性,其尺寸在器件90从被压缩状态变到膨胀状态时不会改变。三个撑条92大致以120度互相间隔开如轴向视图所示,相应于修复瓣膜的三处连合。撑条92最好较牢固地连结到可膨胀91上使两个环相互间不会环绕其中心轴线旋转。这样在展开时可防止组织瓣膜的扭转,减少瓣膜发生泄漏的危险。
图17C画出固定在组织瓣膜80上的瓣膜固定器件90,构成瓣膜组件85。固定器件90能在撑条92、可膨胀环91或两者的地点上固定到组织瓣膜80上。在这个实施例中,撑条92和可膨胀环91被固定到瓣膜壁81的外侧。
图17D画出图17C中组件85的被压缩状态85’,该状态适宜通过一个较小的开口插入到动脉或静脉内。
图17E画出瓣膜固定器件90的另一个实施例。在实施例86中,在撑条92和可膨胀环91上的倒钩83可帮助将器件90固定在脉管壁上。在可膨胀环91上还增添毛毡84用来帮助对脉管周边泄漏的密封。毛毡84也可添加在撑条92上。其他形式的密封料也可使用。
优选实施例-手术方法
上述实施例可单独使用或与其他器件组合使用以资当心脏跳动时在心瓣上进行手术。下面为按照本发明几个这样的手术方法的说明,阅后可知这些较优的器件实施例可能应用的广度。
图18画出当心脏跳动时一个在心瓣412上进行的手术。用器械405操作主动脉瓣412是在临时瓣膜406和过滤器器件410放置以后进行的。在这实施例中,临时瓣膜406和过滤器器件410(例如图1A-1F的器件10)是两个分开的器械,它们分别通过分开的插入点414和413直接插入到主动脉内。或者,瓣膜406和过滤器410可被作成一个单独的器械通过一个单独的切口放入。瓣膜406和过滤器410也可从周边脉管插入,然后前进到主动脉内的位置上。
筛网过滤器403是通过外套管401在一接近头臂动脉411的较优地点上展开的。在这位置上,过滤器403可阻止远端的碎屑成为栓塞而在操作瓣膜412时迁入。内、外套管401和402的一部分和器械405伸出到主动脉之外可供外科医生操作。在图18所示的方法中,气囊瓣膜在下行的主动脉415内展开。气囊被一在病人之外连结的气囊泵408充气和消气。气囊泵408通过管子407与气囊406在气流上连通。气囊泵408按心律定时使它基本上在所有舒张期将气囊406充气而在所有收缩期将气囊406消气。这样当操作主动脉瓣时便可使瓣膜406完成主动脉瓣412的功能。
图19、20和21示出本发明的另一个形式。图中画出当心脏跳动时去除原来的主动脉瓣并用一个永久的修复瓣膜来更换的方法的顺序。在图19中,气囊瓣膜406被放置在下行的主动脉415内。套管401被放置在主动脉内使器械405能通过而进入。套管401在其内部可设有一个瓣膜(未示出)用来阻止血流通过套管但可允许各种器械通过。器械405通过套管401被插入用来去除原来的主动脉瓣412。图20示出图19中的实施例在基本上所有的主动脉瓣都被去除后的情况,但部分主动脉瓣可被留下并不偏离本发明的范围。实际上原有瓣膜412的切除可只限于瓣膜左、右小叶片中那些在瓣膜抵压在主动脉内壁上时会覆盖冠状动脉的部分。然后将器械405从外套管401中抽出以便将修复的瓣膜416插入到主动脉内。在这图中,临时瓣膜406完成被切除主动脉瓣的全部功能。图21示出修复的瓣膜416在靠近以前连结原有瓣膜的地点膨胀到主动脉壁并被固定在其上。一旦修复的瓣膜被安置在位并发挥其功能,临时瓣膜406便可撤走。在图19、20和21中没有示出过滤器,因为在完成这个手术时并不需要过滤器,但也可使用并不偏离本发明的内容。
当心脏跳动时另一种更换心瓣的方法是将图18、20和21所示方法组合起来。将内套管配装在外套管空腔内的一组两同心套管插入到脉管内,使这一组套管前进到心瓣下游的一个地点,从内套管402的外部膨胀一个可膨胀件403,至少部分通过内套管的空腔完成切除或分裂心瓣412的手术,然后通过外套管的内脏撤走内套管402和可膨胀件403,留下外套管401的远端靠近心瓣412的环,通过外套管401的内腔将压缩的修复瓣膜插入到心瓣环的地点,使修复瓣膜膨胀并固定到心瓣环上。采用一组两个套管可使内套管402外部上的可膨胀件403、修复的瓣膜416和其他器械通过外套管401的内腔插入和移走,并不丧失外套管401在进行手术时相对于心瓣的位置。可膨胀件403可设置在内套管402长度上的任何地方并完成任何数目的功能如用作临时瓣膜、用作过滤器、或去除或分裂心瓣小叶片。
图22画出在心脏跳动时将修复瓣膜516固定到脉管壁上的方法。在这实施例中,修复瓣膜以压缩状态通过接近用套管501被插入到主动脉515内。修复瓣膜516然后膨胀到与主动脉515的内壁对接。于是可从主动脉外表面插入缝针512和缝线514,通过主动脉壁并进入到修复瓣膜516内。在本图中,用三根缝线将修复瓣膜516绑在主动脉壁上高出瓣膜连合处的位置上。或者可用固定设施从主动脉515内壁通往外表面。固定设施可以是U形钉、缝线或其他合适的设施。
按照本发明的另一方面,一个压缩的修复瓣膜被插入到要被更换的心瓣的脉管的下游。然后膨胀修复的瓣膜使它在下游位置上暂时发挥其功能。随着该瓣膜暂时被放置并发挥功能,一个在心瓣上的手术便被完成,包括分裂及/或去除心瓣。然后使修复的瓣膜前进到切除或分裂心瓣的地点并固定在脉管内心瓣被切除或分裂的地点或其附近。在心瓣上进行手术时,膨胀的修复瓣膜起到原有瓣膜那样的作用,可防止血液的回流。
当修复瓣膜是在其最终位置的下游而要在心瓣上动手术时手术可通过一个大致在心瓣和修复瓣膜之间的切口来进行。或者,该手术可用工具通过起作用的修复瓣膜插入来进行。
图23A和23B画出按照本发明的修补狭窄主动脉瓣的方法。图23A示出在主动脉根部内的狭窄的主动脉瓣612。视图1示出沿着主动脉615的靠近瓣膜的长轴线看去的狭窄瓣膜612的两个图,由于狭窄,瓣膜612的小叶片所提供的是一个缩小的孔眼。
图23B示出在实行本发明的修补方法后的主动脉瓣。初时用切开每一个小叶片的方法分裂主动脉瓣612″,这样就形成六个小叶片。在瓣膜612″上可任选地进行气囊瓣膜成形。在瓣膜612″分裂后,将一个瓣膜支承620定位在瓣膜612″的上游。最好,该瓣膜支承620包括一个可膨胀的外环(圆形或其他形状如椭圆、蛋形、多角形),其上被一可穿透血流的结构跨越。外环被膨胀到接近主动脉壁并被固定在其上,因此支承结构能提供一个表面使分裂的小叶片能塌陷在其上,形成一个多叶片的瓣阀,与上面结合图12-14说明的瓣膜相似。
图24画出当心脏跳动时在主动脉瓣412上进行的一个手术。在临时瓣膜100和过滤器器件410(例如图1F的器件10)都被放置后用器械405来操作主动脉瓣。在本例中,临时瓣膜100和过滤器件通过两个分开的插入点414和413被直接插入到主动脉内。
筛网过滤器(未示出)通过外套管401在一接近冠状动脉409的地点展开。过滤材料71覆盖在筛网筛网过滤器上。过滤器延伸部从过滤材料伸出并形成过滤器小叶片,可阻止检塞微粒材料进入到冠状动脉409内。内、外套管401和402及器械405的一部分伸出到主动脉之外供外科医生操作使用。
在图24所示的方法中,临时瓣膜100在下行的主动脉415内展开,如前所述,膨胀后占有整个流动路径。所示的临时瓣膜是在心律的收缩期,即瓣膜开启(如图13D’),允许血液流动通过器件。
在本发明的其他实施例中,临时瓣膜及/或过滤器可在主动脉瓣的下游展开,或用其他形式在僧帽瓣或其他心瓣的下游展开。另外,这两器件可在一个心瓣的下游展开,而在该器件上游的另一个心瓣上进行手术。
虽然本发明的优选的和其他的实施例已在本文说明,但本行业的行家仍可在不离开本发明权利要求书的范围的情况下作出另外的实施例。
Claims (2)
1.一种用来完成脉管内或心脏内手术的器件,其中,所说器件至少有一部分适于安置在血管的流动路径内,所说部分具有一上游侧和一下游侧,所说部分包括:
a)-瓣膜设施,使经所说血管的前进流量大于后退流量;
b)-过滤器,限制栓塞微粒通过,而允许血液流过所说脉管,所说过滤器被配置在所说部分的上游,而所说瓣膜设施被配置在所说部分的下游,从而借助于所述过滤器的下游面向侧防止所述瓣膜设施的脱垂。
2.权利要求1的用来完成脉管内手术的器件,其特征在于所说瓣膜设施被配置来限制由患者瓣膜切除或手操作疗法引起的主动脉闭锁不全和心脏容量过载。
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2000
- 2000-01-27 CN CN200510077870XA patent/CN1775190B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-27 EP EP00904603A patent/EP1154738B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-27 DE DE60044289T patent/DE60044289D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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AU764886B2 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
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ATE465693T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
EP1154738A1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
AU2633200A (en) | 2000-08-18 |
CN1775190A (zh) | 2006-05-24 |
CN1347297A (zh) | 2002-05-01 |
EP1154738B1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
CA2361670C (en) | 2010-03-30 |
WO2000044313A1 (en) | 2000-08-03 |
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