CN120253760A - Solution concentration measuring instrument and method based on white light interference and compensation plate rotation method - Google Patents
Solution concentration measuring instrument and method based on white light interference and compensation plate rotation method Download PDFInfo
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
本发明提供基于白光干涉和补偿板旋转法的溶液浓度测量仪、方法，溶液浓度测量仪包括白光光源、凸透镜、分束镜、补偿板、第一反射镜、样品管道、第二反射镜及彩色相机；样品管道置于测量光路中，样品管道内存有待测溶液；凸透镜、分束镜、补偿板、第一反射镜构成一路测量光路，凸透镜、分束镜、样品管道、第二反射镜构成另一路测量光路；凸透镜用于将白光光源校直为平行光束，分束镜用于将光束分成两束光经过不同路径后再汇合形成干涉条纹；彩色相机用于干涉条纹的成像；补偿板通过电机驱动可旋转，通过旋转补偿板以调整干涉条纹在彩色相机上的成像位置；电机含有编码器，编码器用于读取补偿板的旋转角度。
The invention provides a solution concentration measuring instrument and method based on white light interference and compensation plate rotation method. The solution concentration measuring instrument comprises a white light source, a convex lens, a beam splitter, a compensation plate, a first reflector, a sample pipe, a second reflector and a color camera; the sample pipe is placed in a measuring light path, and a solution to be measured is stored in the sample pipe; the convex lens, the beam splitter, the compensation plate and the first reflector constitute one measuring light path, and the convex lens, the beam splitter, the sample pipe and the second reflector constitute another measuring light path; the convex lens is used to align the white light source into a parallel light beam, and the beam splitter is used to split the light beam into two light beams that pass through different paths and then merge to form interference fringes; the color camera is used to image the interference fringes; the compensation plate is rotatable through a motor drive, and the imaging position of the interference fringes on the color camera is adjusted by rotating the compensation plate; the motor comprises an encoder, and the encoder is used to read the rotation angle of the compensation plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement, in particular to a solution concentration measuring instrument and method based on a white light interference and compensation plate rotation method.
Background
The traditional solution concentration measuring method has obvious defects, the handheld refractometer has lower precision, is obviously influenced by the ambient temperature, and needs frequent calibration. Although the full-automatic refractometer improves the precision, the cost is high, and the full-automatic refractometer cannot be continuously monitored and is not suitable for dynamic production flow. Conductivity methods can only measure ionic solution concentrations and are totally ineffective for non-conductive materials (e.g., sugars, alcohols). The measurement result is obviously affected by temperature, constant temperature control is needed, and the complexity of the system is increased. The white light interference technology can realize high-precision solution concentration measurement by detecting offset or spectral phase change of a white light interference zero-order stripe, has the advantages of zero coherence length, wide spectral response and the like, but is not widely applied to the field of solution concentration detection. The invention provides a novel solution concentration measuring instrument based on a white light interference principle, which aims to solve the defects in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the main technical problem of providing a solution concentration measuring instrument and a measuring method based on a white light interference and compensation plate rotation method based on a white light interference principle, and the concentration is calculated by detecting the refractive index change of a solution in a non-contact mode with high precision.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a solution concentration measuring instrument based on a white light interference and compensation plate rotation method, which comprises a white light source, a convex lens, a beam splitter, a compensation plate, a first reflecting mirror, a sample pipeline, a second reflecting mirror and a color camera;
the convex lens, the beam splitter, the compensation plate and the first reflecting mirror form a measuring light path, the sample pipeline is arranged in the measuring light path, and the sample pipeline stores a solution to be measured;
the convex lens is used for straightening the white light source into parallel light beams, the beam splitter is used for splitting the light beams into two light beams, and the two light beams are converged to form interference fringes after passing through different paths;
The compensating plate is driven by a motor to rotate, and the imaging position of interference fringes on the color camera is adjusted by rotating the compensating plate, and the motor comprises an encoder which is used for reading the rotation angle of the compensating plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the solution concentration measuring apparatus further comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged on the sample pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature sensor comprises a thermistor, and the thermistor is placed in the solution to be tested and is used for detecting the temperature change of the solution.
In a preferred embodiment, a pressure balancing device is installed on the sample pipe, the pressure balancing device is used for adjusting the air pressure or the hydraulic pressure in the sample pipe, and the pressure balancing device is electrically connected with the pressure sensor.
In a preferred embodiment, the pressure balancing means comprises a pressure regulating valve or a pressure stabilizer.
In a preferred embodiment, the encoder is a high precision absolute value encoder, and the resolution of the encoder is greater than or equal to 16 bits.
In a preferred embodiment, the sample tube is a closed flow channel made of light-transmitting material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a solution concentration measuring method based on a white light interference and compensation plate rotation method, which comprises the solution concentration measuring instrument based on the white light interference and compensation plate rotation method, and comprises the following steps:
step A, a white light source provides white light, the white light is calibrated through a convex lens to form parallel light, and the parallel light is further divided into a first light beam and a second light beam through a beam splitter;
Step B, the first light beam sequentially passes through a rotatable compensation plate and a first reflecting mirror and then is reflected to a beam splitting mirror by the first reflecting mirror, the second light beam sequentially passes through a sample pipeline and a second reflecting mirror and is reflected to the beam splitting mirror by the second reflecting mirror, and the first light beam and the second light beam are combined into one light beam by the beam splitting mirror and then are emitted to the color camera to form an interference light path;
Step C, driving the compensation plate to rotate through a motor, adjusting the incident angle of the first light beam through the rotation of the compensation plate, and changing the compensation optical path to enable the first light beam and the second light beam to form white light interference fringes;
step D, reading the rotation angle of the compensation plate in real time through an encoder, and calculating the optical path difference variation by combining a second-order mathematical model developed by the Snell's law and the Taylor;
and E, inverting the concentration of the solution based on the association relation between the optical path difference and the refractive index of the solution.
In a preferred embodiment, in step D, the optical path difference variation is calculated as follows:
setting the initial inclination angle of the compensation plate Refractive index ofThickness of (thickness of)According to Snell's law, the angle of initial refractionThe method meets the following conditions:;
when the compensation plate rotates around the initial tilting direction by an additional angle When the total incident angle becomesClockwise rotation toRotated counterclockwise asCorresponding to total refraction angleThe method meets the following conditions:;
under a small angle approximation (Δθ ≪ 1 rad), taylor expansion is performed on the left side and the linear term is preserved: ;
Assuming that the angle of refraction deviates by I.e.Substituting snell's law to obtain:;
in combination with initial conditions And finally, simplifying:
;
The optical path length of the compensation plate when not rotated is as follows: ;
Clockwise rotation When (1):;
Counterclockwise rotation of When (1):;
Unfolding Second order term:;
the optical path difference variation is: ;
Refractive index variation of solution Induced optical path difference:;
Balance condition The solution of (2) is:
。
compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The solution concentration measurement of white light interferometry and compensation plate rotation method comprises forming a measuring light path by a convex lens, a beam splitter, a compensation plate, a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror, arranging a sample pipeline with a solution to be measured in the measuring light path, forming a measuring light path by the convex lens, the beam splitter, the compensation plate and the first reflecting mirror, forming another measuring light path by the convex lens, the beam splitter, the sample pipeline and the second reflecting mirror, changing the optical path difference caused by the change of the solution refractive index, changing the compensation light path by rotating the compensation plate, and inverting the solution concentration by rotating the angle;
2. The high-precision rotation compensation technology adopts a rotatable compensation plate driven by an encoder to replace a traditional translation device, combines a 16-bit resolution encoder, realizes micro-angle adjustment without mechanical abrasion (the precision reaches 0.0055 degrees), and obviously improves the optical path compensation precision;
3. The nonlinear compensation model derives a second-order Taylor expansion model of the rotation angle and the optical path difference of the compensation plate based on the Snell's law, and solves the problem of nonlinear error during large-angle rotation;
4. And the environmental parameter dynamic compensation is to set a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor for monitoring the environmental parameter in real time and compensating the influence of temperature and pressure on measurement through an algorithm, integrate the temperature and the pressure sensor, and eliminate environmental interference in real time through a preset temperature-refractive index and pressure-refractive index compensation formula.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a solution concentration measuring instrument according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the imaging of interference fringes on a color camera according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between alcohol concentration and refractive index in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a mathematical model of the rotation angle of the compensation plate and the variation of the refractive index according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between alcohol concentration and rotation angle in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing temperature-refractive index compensation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the pressure-refractive index compensation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
The reference numerals indicate that 1, a sample pipeline, 2, a pressure sensor, 3, a white light source, 4, a convex lens, 5, a beam splitter, 6, a color camera, 7, a compensation plate, 8, a first reflector, 9, a temperature sensor, 10, a motor, 11 and a second reflector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the positional or positional relationship indicated by the terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", etc. are based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," configured to, "" engaged with, "" connected to, "and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example," connected to, "wall-mounted," connected to, removably connected to, or integrally connected to, mechanically connected to, electrically connected to, directly connected to, or indirectly connected to, through an intermediary, and may be in communication with each other between two elements, as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, in view of the detailed description of the terms herein.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a solution concentration measuring instrument based on a white light interference and compensation plate 7 rotation method, which comprises a white light source 3, a convex lens 4, a beam splitter 5, a compensation plate 7, a first reflecting mirror 8, a sample pipeline 1, a second reflecting mirror 11 and a color camera 6, wherein the convex lens 4, the beam splitter 5, the compensation plate 7, the first reflecting mirror 8 and the second reflecting mirror 11 form a measuring light path, the sample pipeline 1 is arranged in the measuring light path, a solution to be measured is stored in the sample pipeline 1, the convex lens 4, the beam splitter 5, the compensation plate 7 and the first reflecting mirror 8 form one measuring light path, the convex lens 4, the beam splitter 5, the sample pipeline and the second reflecting mirror 11 form another measuring light path, the convex lens 4 is used for straightening the white light source 3 into parallel light beams, the beam splitter 5 is used for splitting the light beams into two light beams to pass through different paths and then converging to form interference fringes, the color camera 6 is used for imaging the fringes (as shown in fig. 2), the compensation plate 7 can be rotated by a motor 10, the compensation plate 7 can be used for adjusting the wavelength of the interference fringes on the optical path 10 through the rotating motor 7, and the optical path has a compensation device for guaranteeing the rotation angle difference of the optical path 10 is fixed, and the optical path has a code difference of the optical path is guaranteed.
The device adopts a method of changing the compensation optical path by adopting the rotary compensation plate 7 until color fringes appear at the original pixel position of the target surface of the CMOS camera again to measure the concentration of the solution, specifically, the white light source 3 is used for providing white light, the convex lens 4 is used for calibrating the white light into parallel light beams, and the uniformity of the light beams is ensured. The beam splitter 5 splits the parallel light beam into two beams, and the two beams are converged to form interference fringes after passing through different paths, and the compensation plate 7 is driven to rotate by the motor 10 to adjust the optical path difference so as to restore the interference fringes to the initial position. The first mirror 8 and the second mirror 11 reflect the two light beams respectively, so that the two light beams are converged again after passing through different paths. The sample pipeline 1 is used for internally arranging a solution to be tested and influencing the optical path of one beam of light. The color camera 6 captures an image of the interference fringes, records the position change of the fringes, and observes the interference fringes on the light-sensitive surface of the color camera 6 due to the mutual interference of the two light beams. The refractive index of a solution will generally change as its concentration changes. When the light beam passes through the solution to be measured, the length of the propagation path of the light in the solution is changed due to the change of the refractive index of the solution, so that the optical path difference is changed, the motor 10 is matched with the encoder, the motor 10 drives the compensation plate 7 to rotate, and the encoder reads the rotation angle and is used for calculating the optical path difference change amount.
Let the diameter of the pipe be R and the refractive index be n, the optical path of the light in the solution be nd. When the refractive index changes by an amount of an, the optical path difference changes to an amount of an nd, and the optical round trip 1 time, and the total optical path difference becomes 2 nd. The zero-order stripe corresponds to the position where the optical path difference is zero, the zero-order stripe of white light is still a white stripe, and the two sides are color stripes. When the optical path difference changes, the zero-order fringes can shift correspondingly.
The compensation optical path is changed by rotating the compensation plate 7, the color stripe appears at the original pixel position of the CMOS camera target surface again and coincides with the white stripe, a certain relation exists between the rotating angle and the variation of the optical path difference, the variation of the optical path difference can be calculated by reading the rotating angle of the encoder, and then the concentration of the solution is inverted according to the relation between the optical path difference and the refractive index and the relation between the refractive index and the concentration.
By white light interference and the rotation method of the compensation plate 7, high-precision solution concentration measurement can be realized, and the method does not need to directly contact with the solution, thereby being applicable to occasions with special requirements on samples. The change of interference fringes can be observed in real time through the rotation of the compensation plate 7, and dynamic measurement is facilitated.
In order to avoid the influence of the environment on the concentration measurement, in the present embodiment, the solution concentration measuring apparatus further comprises a temperature sensor 9 and a pressure sensor 2, wherein the temperature sensor 9 and the pressure sensor 2 are disposed on the sample tube 1. The temperature sensor 9 and the pressure sensor 2 are used for measuring the temperature and pressure changes of the solution, so that the environment compensation can be performed on the measurement result, and the measurement accuracy is improved. Simultaneously, the temperature sensor 9 and the pressure sensor 2 are used for simultaneously monitoring the temperature and the pressure of the solution, so that more comprehensive experimental data are provided.
Specifically, the temperature sensor 9 includes a thermistor, and the thermistor is disposed in the solution to be measured and is used for detecting the temperature change of the solution. The thermistor can accurately measure the temperature change of the solution and provide high-precision temperature data.
The pressure balancing device is arranged on the sample pipeline 1 and used for adjusting the air pressure or the hydraulic pressure in the sample pipeline 1, and the pressure balancing device is used for adjusting the air pressure or the hydraulic pressure in the sample pipeline 1 so as to ensure the stability of the measuring environment. The pressure balancing device is electrically connected with the pressure sensor 2, and the pressure can be adjusted in real time according to the feedback of the pressure sensor 2.
The pressure balancing device comprises a pressure regulating valve or a pressure stabilizer. The pressure regulating valve or the pressure stabilizer adopts the existing equipment, and the pressure in the sample pipeline 1 can be accurately regulated and stabilized through the pressure regulating valve or the pressure stabilizer, and a proper device is selected according to specific requirements, so that the accurate regulation of the pressure is ensured.
For high-precision measurement, the encoder adopts a high-precision absolute value encoder, and the resolution of the encoder is more than or equal to 16 bits. The traditional optical path compensation mostly adopts a reflector translation or tilting device, and has the problems of large mechanical error and low response speed. In this embodiment, the rotary compensation plate 7 is combined with the encoder to realize high-precision adjustment without mechanical abrasion, and the compensation plate 7 is fixed on an absolute value encoder with n-bit resolution, for example, a 16-bit encoder, the resolution is 65,536 times, and the corresponding angular resolution is 0.0055 degrees.
The sample pipeline 1 is a closed flow channel made of light-transmitting materials. The sample pipeline 1 made of light-transmitting materials is convenient for light to pass through, and measurement accuracy is ensured. The design of the closed flow channel prevents the leakage of the solution and ensures the safety and stability of the measuring environment.
The embodiment also provides a solution concentration measuring method based on a white light interference and compensation plate 7 rotation method, which comprises the following steps:
Step A, a white light source 3 provides white light, the white light is collimated by a convex lens 4 to form parallel light, and the parallel light is further divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by a beam splitter 5;
step B, the first light beam sequentially passes through a rotatable compensating plate 7 and a first reflecting mirror 8, and then is reflected to a convex lens 4 of a beam splitter 5 by the first reflecting mirror 8, the second light beam sequentially passes through a sample pipeline 1 and a second reflecting mirror 11, and then is reflected to the convex lens 4 of the beam splitter 5 by the second reflecting mirror 11, and the first light beam and the second light beam are combined into one light beam by the beam splitter 5 and then are emitted to the color camera 6 to form an interference light path;
Step C, driving the compensation plate 7 to rotate through the motor 10, adjusting the incident angle of the first light beam through rotating the compensation plate 7, and changing the compensation optical path to enable the first light beam and the second light beam to form white light interference fringes;
Step D, reading the rotation angle of the compensation plate 7 in real time through an encoder, and calculating the optical path difference variation by combining a second-order mathematical model developed by the Snell's law and Taylor;
and E, inverting the concentration of the solution based on the association relation between the optical path difference and the refractive index of the solution.
In step D, the optical path difference variation is calculated according to the relationship between the alcohol concentration and the refractive index (see fig. 3) by using alcohol as a solution, as follows:
let the initial inclination angle of the compensation plate 7 be Refractive index ofThickness of (thickness of)According to Snell's law, the angle of initial refractionThe method meets the following conditions:;
When the compensation plate 7 rotates around the initial tilting direction by an additional angle When the total incident angle becomesClockwise rotation toRotated counterclockwise asCorresponding to total refraction angleThe method meets the following conditions:;
under a small angle approximation (Δθ ≪ 1 rad), taylor expansion is performed on the left side and the linear term is preserved: ;
Assuming that the angle of refraction deviates by I.e.Substituting snell's law to obtain:;
in combination with initial conditions And finally, simplifying:
;
the optical path length of the compensation plate 7 when not rotated is as follows: ;
Clockwise rotation When (1):;
Counterclockwise rotation of When (1):;
Unfolding To the second order term:;
the optical path difference variation is: ;
Refractive index variation of solution Induced optical path difference:;
Balance condition The solution of (2) is:
。
as shown in fig. 4, assume that the compensation plate 7 has an initial inclination angle The thickness t of the compensation plate 7 is 2mm, the diameter D of the pipeline is 1cm, the compensation plate 7 is glass, the refractive index is 1.5, the relation diagram of alcohol concentration and rotation angle is deduced according to the calculation of the optical path difference variation in the step D (as shown in figure 5), when the detectionWhen=0.1°, the data processing unit calculates=0.0023, Corresponding to an increase in alcohol concentration of 5.7%.
In the embodiment, the environmental parameters are dynamically compensated, the temperature and pressure compensation is performed on the solution concentration measurement through the set temperature sensor 9 and the pressure sensor 2, the temperature sensor 9 and the pressure sensor 2 monitor the environmental parameters of the solution in real time, the influence of temperature and pressure on the refractive index is compensated through an algorithm, and the temperature sensor 9 and the pressure sensor 2 compensate the influence of the temperature and pressure on the solution, as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
As shown in fig. 5, the temperature compensation is implemented by adding a temperature compensation element, such as a thermistor, to the solution concentration measuring instrument, and then using the temperature compensation element and the sensor together. The resistance value of the thermistor can be changed along with the temperature change, the temperature change condition can be known by measuring the resistance value change of the thermistor, and then the measured value of the solution refractive index is compensated in real time according to a pre-established temperature compensation model. The calculation formula is as follows:
;
wherein T is the temperature of the mixture, As a value of the pressure, the pressure value,As a parameter of the salinity,Is the light source wavelength.
As shown in fig. 6, the pressure compensation is to add a pressure balancing device, such as a gas pressure regulating valve or a liquid pressure stabilizer, so as to keep the pressure in the measuring environment relatively stable and reduce the influence of pressure variation on the refractive index measurement of the solution. The calculation formula is as follows:
;
wherein T is the temperature of the mixture, As a value of the pressure, the pressure value,As a parameter of the salinity,Is the light source wavelength.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will be able to make insubstantial modifications of the present invention within the scope of the present invention disclosed herein by this concept, which falls within the actions of invading the protection scope of the present invention.
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