CN1202100A - 对无纺织物网进行选择性开孔的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种对无纺织物网(102)进行选择性开孔的方法。沿多个位置弄薄无纺织物网(102),然后将拉伸力施加到无纺织物网(102)上,使无纺织物网(102)在多个变薄的位置处破裂,在无纺织物网(102)中产生多个相应于变薄位置的孔。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及开孔的无纺织物网及其制备方法。开孔的无纺织物网特别适用于一次性吸湿用品,如尿布、失禁三角裤、训练短裤、妇女卫生衣及类似物。
背景技术
由无纺挤塑法如熔喷法和纺粘法制成的无纺织物网可非常便宜地制成产品及产品的部件以至于仅一次或几次使用后可以抛弃。这类产品的范例包括一次性吸湿用品,如尿布、失禁三角裤、训练短裤、妇女卫生衣及类似物。
婴儿和其它失禁者穿用一次性吸湿用品如尿布以接受和存留尿和其它身体流出物。一次性吸湿用品的作用是存留排泄物并将这些排泄物与穿用者的身体和穿用者的衣物及床上用品分开。本领域已知有具有许多不同基本设计的一次性吸湿用品。
典型的吸湿用品包括透液顶片、与顶片相连的不透液底片以及位于顶片和底片之间的吸湿芯。由于无纺织物网面是透液的且提供一个与皮肤相适宜的表面而常用作顶片。但是在有些使用中由于身体流出物有时停留或截留在无纺织物网面内从而停留在穿用者皮肤附近,因而无纺织物网面不能有效地用作顶片。对上述问题的一个解决办法是在无纺织物网面内设置开孔从而身体排泄物可容易透过无纺织物网面而进入下面的吸湿芯中。不幸的是,一些用来形成开孔的无纺织物网面的工艺或者太昂贵、给穿用者的皮肤带来不舒服和粗糙感,或者容易撕裂,特别是当开孔的无纺网面用作一次性吸湿用品的顶片时。
这里用的术语“无纺织物网面”指具有相互成网但不是以任何规则的重复方式的单根纤维或线的结构的网面。过去,无纺织物网面是通过多种方法如熔喷法、纺粘法及粘合型粗疏纤维网面法。
本文用的术语“微纤维”是指平均直径不大于约100微米的小直径纤维。
本文用的术语“熔喷纤维”是指将熔融的热塑性材料通过许多细小通常是圆形的冲压毛细管(die capillaries)挤出成熔融的丝或细丝,进入高速气体(如,空气)流中,该气体流将熔融的热塑性材料拉细以减小其直径,该直径可以是微纤维直径。随后,熔喷纤维被高速气体流携带并沉积在收集表面上以形成随机分散的熔喷纤维网。
本文用的术语“纺粘纤维”指将熔融的热塑性材料从许多细小的通常是圆形的喷丝板的毛细管挤出成丝状,挤出的细丝的直径通过如喷射拉伸或其它公知的纺粘机理迅速减小。
这里用的术语“聚合物”通常包括(但不限于):均聚物和共聚物,如嵌段、接枝、无规和交替的共聚物、三聚物等,及其共混物和改性物。而且,除非特别限定,术语“聚合物”将包括所有可能几何构型的材料。这些构型包括(但不限于):全同的、间规的和无规对称构型。
这里用的术语“弹性的”指有施用恒差力(biasing force)时任何可拉伸(即可伸长)至少约60%(即,可拉伸到一拉伸的、恒差长度、该长度至少是其松驰的未偏置长度的至少约160%),以及在撤去该拉伸的伸长力时,将恢复其伸长的至少55%的材料。一个假定的实例是一种1英寸长的材料样品,该样品可伸长到至少1.60英寸以及当伸长到1.60英寸并释放后将恢复到不多于1.27英寸长度。许多弹性材料可伸长60%以上(即,其松驰长度的160%以上),例如伸长100%或以上,并且当撤去拉伸力时,许多这些材料将基本恢复到其起始松驰长度,如恢复到其起始松驰长度的105%以内。
这里用的术语“非弹性的”指任何未落进上述“弹性的”定义的材料。
这里用的术语“可伸长的”指在施加恒差力时,在不经历严重损坏下可伸长至少约50%的任何材料。
这里的术语“熔融稳定的”指已经经过局部加热和/或局部加压以将无纺织物网基本固化成稳定的薄膜状的部分无纺织物网。
发明概述
本发明提供了对无纺织物网进行选择性开孔的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
提供无纺织物网;
在多个位置处弄薄无纺织物网以产生多个变薄的熔融稳定的位置;以及
向无纺织物网施加张力以使无纺织物网在多个变薄的熔融稳定的位置处破裂,在无纺织物网中产生多个相应该变薄的、熔融稳定位置的孔。
无纺织物网可以包括粘结型粗疏网、纺粘网或熔喷网。该熔喷网可以包括熔喷微纤维。无纺织物网也可以有多层,如多个纺粘层和/或多个熔喷层。无纺材料可以由聚合物(如聚烯烃)制成。典型的聚烯烃包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯共聚物和丙烯共聚物。无纺织物网可以是弹性无纺织物网、非弹性无纺织物网或可伸长的无纺织物网。
附图简述
尽管说明书结尾的权利要求书特别指出并清楚地提出要求保护的被认为是构成本发明的主题,但认为通过下列结合附图的描述将会更好地理解本发明。附图中相同的标号用来代表基本相同的部件,其中
图1是本发明的一次性尿布实施方案的平面图,其部分切去以揭示下面的结构,尿布的内表面朝向观察者;
图2是对本发明的无纺织物网进行选择性开孔的一种示范性方法的示意图;
图3是本发明变薄布局的纤维网的放大的透视图;
图4是本发明的步进式拉伸系统的放大的透视图;
图5是对本发明无纺织物网进行选择性开孔的另一种方法的示意图;
图6是本发明的另一种变薄布局的纤维网的放大的透视图;
图7是变薄前一种无纺织物网的放大的平面照片;
图8是当无纺织物网在多个位置变薄后本发明的无纺织物网的放大的平面照片;以及
图9是当已施加张力使无纺织物在变薄处破裂以在该无纺织物中产生多个孔后,本发明的无纺织物网的放大的平面照片。
本发明的详细描述
这里用的术语“吸湿用品”指吸收和存留身体排泄物的用品,更具体地指贴着或靠近穿用者的身体放置以吸收和存留从身体排出的各种流出物的用品。本文用的术语“一次性的”是用来描述不打算洗涤或贮存或作为吸湿用品再使用的吸湿用品(即,一次使用后就抛弃,优选循环、制成堆肥或其它以适合于环保的方法处理)。“整体的”吸湿用品指由独立的部件结合在一起而形成的一个协调的整体以致它们的部件不需要独立操作(如独立的套或衬)的吸湿用品。本发明的吸湿用品的一个优选的实施方案是,整体的一次性吸湿用品,如图1所示的尿布20。这里用的术语“尿布”指通常由婴儿和失禁者穿戴在其下躯周围的吸湿用品。但应理解,本发明也可适用于其它吸湿用品,如失禁三角裤、失禁内裤、尿布套和衬、妇女卫生衣、训练短裤和类似物。
图1是呈平展的、未收紧状态(即,拉平弹性引起的收缩)的本发明的尿布20的平面图,其部分结构切去以便更清楚地示出尿布20的结构,以及尿布20朝向穿用者的部分,即内表面40朝向观察者。如图1所示,尿布20优选包括一含有透液顶片24、与顶片相连的不透液底片26以及位于顶片24和底片26之间的吸湿芯28的容纳组件22。尿布优选还包括弹性线制的侧片30、弹性线制的腿箍32、弹性腰带34、以及优选包括一对固定件31和一搭接件(未示出)的扣紧系统36。
图1所示的尿布20具有内表面40(图1中朝向观察者)、与内表面40相对的外表面42、后腰区44、与后腰区44相对的前腰区46、位于前腰区46和后腰区44之间的裆区48、以及由尿布20的外周边或边缘限定的周边,其中纵向边缘指定为50,端边缘指定为52。尿布20的内表面40是使用时靠近穿用者的身体放置的尿布20部分(即,内表面40通常由至少一部分顶片24和其它与顶片24相连的部件形成)。外表面42是远离穿用者身体的尿布20部分(即,外表面42通常由至少一部分底片26和其它与底片26相连的部件形成)。这里用的术语“相连的”包括通过将一个部件直接贴在另一个部件上而将这个部件直接固定到该另一个部件上的构型,以及通过将一个部件贴在一个中间件上,该中间件再贴到另一个部件上而将这个部件间接固定到该另一个部件的构型。后腰区44和前腰区46从周边的端边缘52伸到裆区48。
尿布20也具有两条中心线,即纵向中心线90和横向中心线92。这里用的术语“纵向的”指尿布20平面内的线、轴或方向,它通常与将穿用该尿布20的站立的穿用者分成左右两半的垂直平面对准(如大致平行)。这里用的术语“横向”和“侧向”是可互换的,指位于尿布平面内通常垂直于纵向的线、轴或方向(它把穿用者身体分成前后两半)。
图1所示的尿布20的容纳组件22包括尿布20的主体(框架)。容纳组件22至少包括顶片24、底片26和吸湿芯28。当吸湿用品包括独立的套和衬时,容纳组件22通常包括套和衬(即,容纳组件22包括一层或多层材料以限定一个套而衬包括一吸湿复合材料如顶片、底片和吸湿芯)。对于整体式吸湿用品,存留组件22包括尿布的主体结构,加入其它部件形成复合尿布结构。因此,尿布20的存留组件22通常包括顶片24、底片26和吸湿芯28。
图1示出了存留组件22的优选实施方案,其中顶片24和底片26的长度和宽度通常大于吸湿芯28的长度和宽度。顶片24和底片26伸出吸湿芯28的边缘而形成尿布20的周边。尽管顶片24、底片26和吸湿芯28可以以各种公知的构型组装,典型的存留组件构型通常在下列专利中作了描述:USP 3,860,003,题目为“用于一次性尿布的可收缩的侧部分”,1975年1月14日授权于Kenneth B.Buell;USP 5,151,092,题目为“含有一预设置的弹性挠曲折页的动态弹性腰部件的吸湿用品”,1992年9月29日授予Kenneth.B.Buell等人,将每一个专利引入本文作为参考。
吸湿芯28可以是任何通常可压缩、可贴合、对穿用者的皮肤无刺激、并能够吸收和存留液体如尿液和其它某些身体流出物。图1所示的吸湿芯28其有朝向衣物侧、朝向身体侧、一对侧边缘和一对腰边缘。吸湿芯28可以制成多种尺寸和形状(如,矩形、水漏形、“T”形、不对称形等),并可以由多种常用于一次性尿布和其它吸湿用品的吸液材料制备。如通常称为气毡(airfelt)的粉碎的木浆。其它合适的吸湿材料的实例包括皱化的纤维素填料;共成型(coform)的熔喷聚合物;化学硬挺、改性或交联的纤维素纤维;薄纸包括薄纸卷和薄层压纸;吸湿泡沫;吸湿海绵;超吸湿聚合物;吸湿凝胶材料;或任何相当的材料或材料的组合。
吸湿芯28的构型和结构可以变化(如,吸湿芯可以具有不同的厚度区、亲水梯度、超吸湿梯度或较低的平均密度和较低平均定量的收集区;或可以包括一层或多层(结构))。并且,也可以改变吸湿芯28的尺寸和吸湿容量以适合从婴儿到成人的不司穿用者的需要。但是,吸湿芯28的总吸湿容量应与尿布20的设计负荷和预期用途相协调。
尿布20的一个实施方案具有非对称形、改变的T形吸湿芯28,其前腰区具有耳状物而在后腰区通常呈矩形。已广泛被接受并获得商业成功的用作本发明吸湿芯28的典型的吸湿结构在下列专利中作了描述,它们是:USP4,610,678,题目为“高密度吸湿结构”1986年9月9日授予Weisman等;USP 4,673,402,题目为“具有双层芯的吸湿用品”,1987年6月16日授予Weisman等;USP4,888,231,题目为“具有防尘层的吸湿芯”,1989年12月19日授予Angstadt和USP 4,834,735,题目为“具有较低密度和较低定量收集区的高密度吸湿件”,1989年5月30日授予Alemany等人。吸湿芯还可包含双芯系统,该系统含有位于吸湿储存芯上面的化学硬挺纤维的收集/分配芯,如下列专利所述,这些专利包括USP 5,234,423,题目为“具有弹性腰部件和高吸湿性的吸湿用品”,1993年8月10日授予Alemany等人,以及USP 5,147,345,题目为“用于失禁控制的高效吸湿用品”,1992年9月15日授予Young、LaVon和Taylor。将所有这些专利引入本文作为参考。
底片26位于吸湿芯28的朝向衣物面邻近,优选通过固定件(未示出)如本领域公知的那些与其朝向衣物面相连。例如,底片26可以通过均匀连续的粘合剂层、有图案的粘合剂层、或一系列分开的粘合剂线、螺旋线或点。业已发现的令人满意的粘合剂是由H.B.Fuller Company(St.Paul,Minnesota)生产,牌号为HL-1258。含有开式图案的粘合剂细丝网的合适的固定件的实例公开于USP 4,573,986中,题目为“一次性存留污物的衣服”,1986年3月4日授予Minetola等人。另一种含有几条盘旋成螺旋形的粘合剂细丝线的合适的固定件通过下列专利中所示的装置和方法来说明,这些专利是USP3,911,173,1975年10月7日授予Sprague,Jr.;USP4,785,996,1978年11月22日授予Ziecker等人以及USP 4,842,666,1989年6月27日授予Werenicz。将这些专利中的每一个引入本文作为参考。另外,固定件可以包括热连接、压力连接、超声焊接、动力机械连接或其它任何合适的固定件或本领域公知的这些固定件的结合。也考虑其中吸湿芯还连接到底片26、顶片24或两者上以便在前腰区46和后腰区44中提供更大的伸长性。
底片26是不透液体(如尿)的,并优选由薄塑料膜制备,但也可以使用其它柔软的不透液体的材料。这里用的术语“柔软的”指柔顺的且易于和人体的一般形状和轮廓相贴合的材料,底片26阻止吸收和存留在吸湿芯28中的流出物弄湿接触尿布20的物品,如床单和内衣,但底片26可允许蒸汽从吸湿芯28中逸出(即可透气的)。因此,底片26优选是一聚合物薄膜,如聚乙烯或聚丙烯热塑性薄膜。用于底片26的合适的材料是厚度约0.012毫米(0.5密耳)至约0.051毫米(2.0密耳)的热塑性薄膜。
顶片24位于吸湿芯28的身体面附近,并优选通过本领域公知的那些固定件(未示出)与吸湿芯相连。合适的固定件是能将底片26连接到吸湿芯28上的。在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,顶片24和底片26彼此在尿布周边直接相连。且通过固定件(未示出)将它们直接与吸湿芯28相连而间接连接在一起。
顶片24优选是柔顺的、感觉柔软的且对穿用者的皮肤无刺激。而且,顶片24优选是透液的,允许液体(如尿)易于透过其厚度。合适的顶片24是由合成纤维(如聚酯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯纤维或双组分纤维)的无纺织物网制备。其它合适的纤维包括天然纤维(如木和棉)或人适纤维或天然和合成纤维的组合。
本发明的顶片24优选包括一多孔的无纺织物网。参照图2,概述了用100表示的一种对适用作一次性吸湿用品的顶片的无纺织物网进行选择性开孔的方法。
根据本发明,无纺织物网102从供应辊104展开,当供应辊沿与其相关的箭头所示的方向旋转时,无纺织物网102沿与其相关的箭头所示的方向运行。无纺材料102通过由辊110和112形成的网面变薄辊布局108的压区106。
无纺材料102可以通过已知的挤压法形成,如已知的熔喷法或已知的纺粘法,并在首先不粘结的情况下直接通过压区106和/或储存在供应辊上。
无纺材料102可以是可伸长的、弹性的或非弹性的。无纺织物网102可以是纺粘网、熔喷网或粘合型粗疏网。如果无纺织物网是熔吹纤维网,它可以包括熔喷微纤维。无纺织物网102可以由形成聚合物如聚烯烃的纤维制成。典型的聚烯烃包括一种或多种聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯共聚物、丙烯共聚物及丁烯共聚物。
在另一个实施方案中,无纺织物网102可以是一多层材料,该多层材料具有如至少一层纺粘网连接到至少一层熔喷网、一粘合型粗疏网或其它合适的材料上。例如,无纺织物网102可以是一多层网,该多层网具有定量约0.2~8盎司/码2的第一层纺粘聚丙烯、定量约0.2~4盎司/码2的一层熔喷聚丙烯、定量约0.2~8盎司/码2的第二层纺粘聚丙烯。另外,无纺织物网可以是单层材料,如定量约0.2~10盎司/码2的纺粘网或定量约0.2~8盎司/码2熔喷法。
无纺织物网可以连接到聚合物薄膜上以形成层压制件。合适的聚合物薄膜材料包括(但不限于)聚烯烃如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯共聚物、丙烯共聚物和丁烯共聚物;尼龙(聚酰胺)、金属茂催化剂基的聚合物;纤维素酯;聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯);聚苯乙烯;聚氯乙烯;聚酯;聚氨酯;相容的聚合物;相容的共聚物及其共混物、层压制品和/或组合物。
无纺织物网102可以是由两种或多种不同的纤维的混合物或纤维和颗粒的混合物制成的复合材料。这类混合物可以通过向携带熔喷纤维或纺粘纤维的气体流中加入纤维和/或颗粒状物而形成,以致于在收集纤维前发生纤维和其它材枓(如木浆、定长短纤维和颗粒)的均质缠结共混。
无纺纤维网应通过结合成内聚的网状结构而连接。合适的结合技术包括(但不限于)化学结合、热结合如点压延、液压缩绒和针刺。
现参照图7,示出了进入压区106前粘合的无纺织物网102的照片。从图7中可以看出,内聚的无纺织物网包括多个通过压延结合点连接在一起形成粘合的网状结构的纤维。
参看图2和3,无纺织物网变薄辊布局108优选包括一有图案的压延辊110和一光滑的砧辊112。可以加热有图案的压延辊110和光滑的砧辊112中的一个或两个,并且可以通过公知的方法调整两个辊之间的压力以提供所需的温度(如果需要的话)和压力以在多个位置同时变薄和熔融稳定无纺织物网102。
有图案的压延辊110的形状应具有环状圆柱环形表面114和多个从表面114向外伸出的突起或图案元件116。以预定的方式设置突起116,其中每个突起116形成且布置成无纺织物网102中的变薄的、熔融稳定的位置以在无纺织物网102内的变薄的熔融稳定位置形成预定图案。如图3所示,有图案的压延辊110沿表面114整个周边伸出的有重复图案的突起。或者,突起116可沿表面114周边的一部分或多个部分伸出。
突起116优选是截短的锥形,它从表面114径向向外伸出并具有椭圆形的远端表面117。但不打算由此将本发明的范围限定为仅此构型的突起。远端117的其它合适的形状包括(但不限于)圆形、方形和矩形等。辊110要加工成使其所有的端部表面位于想象的正圆形圆柱体内,该圆柱体与辊110的旋转轴共轴。
突起116以规则的预定图案的行和列布置(如图3所示),尽管不打算由此将本发明的范围限定为仅此构型的突起图案。可以以任何预定的图案绕有图案的压延辊110布置突起。
砧辊112优选是光滑表面的、正圆的钢圆柱体。
图8是已通过变薄辊布局108后但在通过步进式拉伸系统132的压区130之前的无纺织物网102的照片。从照片中可以看到,无纺织物网102包括多个变薄的熔融稳定的位置202。弄薄的熔融稳定的位置202通常相应于从有图案的压延辊110的表面114伸出的突起116的形式。从图8可以看出,无纺织物网102也包括形成压延结合点200的粘合网,该粘合网用来保持无纺织物网102的结构完整性。
无纺织物网102从变薄辊布局108通过由采用具有三维表面的至少在一定程度上彼此配合的相对的压力施加器的步进式拉伸系统132形成的压区130。
参照图4,示出一个不完全的含有步进式拉伸辊134和136的步进式拉伸系统132的放大图。步进式拉伸辊134包括多个沿辊134的整个周边伸出的齿160和相应的槽161。步进式拉伸辊136包括多个齿162和多个相应的槽163。辊134上的齿160与辊136上的槽163相互啮合,而辊136上的齿162与辊134上的槽161相互啮合。当具有变薄的熔融稳定位置202的无纺织物网102通过步进式拉伸系统132时,无纺织物网102受到横过机器方向(CD)的拉伸,使无纺织物网102沿CD方向延伸。或者,无纺织物网102另外还可沿机器方向(MD)拉伸。调整施加于无纺织物网102上的拉伸力使得弄薄的、融熔稳定的位置202破裂,产生多个相应于无纺织物网102内的变薄的熔融稳定位置202的孔204。但是,无纺织物网102的结合优选足够强以致于它们在拉伸时不会破裂,从而即使当变薄的熔融稳定的位置碎裂时也能使无纺织物网保持在粘合状态。但是,在拉伸时某些结合点破裂是合乎需要的。
图9示出已经过由步进式拉伸系统132施加的拉伸力后的无纺织物网102的照片。从照片中可以看到,现在的无纺织物网包括多个与图8中所示的无纺织物网的变薄的、熔融稳定的位置202相对应的孔204。孔204的一部分周边包括熔融稳定的位置202的残余部分205。相信剩余部分205有助于抑制无纺织物网的进一步撕裂,尤其当无纺织物网用作一次性吸湿用品的顶片时。
适用于步进式拉伸或张拉无纺织物网的一个示范性的结构在1995年2月9日以Chappell等人的名义公开的国际专利公开号WO95/03765中作了描述,其公开说明书引入本文作为参考
选择性开孔的无纺织物网也可以用作其它一次性吸湿用品(如失禁三角裤、训练短裤、妇女卫生衣等)的顶片。选择性开孔的无纺织物网也可以用作一次性吸湿用品的其它部分,如用作位于顶片和吸湿芯之间的收集层、吸湿芯的部分或一次性吸湿用品的其它部件的部分。
无纺织物网102优选卷绕在卷绕辊180上并储存。或者,无纺织物网102可以直接送到用来形成一次性吸湿用品的顶片的生产线。
图5概述了另一种对本发明的无纺织物网选择性开孔的方法300。无纺织物网302从供应辊304上展开并当供应辊沿图中箭头所指的方向旋转时,无纺织物网沿箭头所指的方向运行。无纺织物材料302运行通过网变薄布局308。
无纺织物材料302可通过已知的挤塑法形成,如已知的熔喷法或已知的纺粘法,并直接通过网面变薄布局308。
无纺织物网302可以是可伸长的、弹性的或非弹性的。无纺织物网302可以是纺粘网、熔喷网或粘合型粗疏网。如果无纺织物网是熔喷纤维网,它可以包括熔喷微纤维。无纺织物网302可以由形成聚合物(如聚烯烃)的纤维构成。典型的聚烯烃包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯共聚物、丙烯共聚物和丁烯共聚物的一种或多种。
在另一个实施方案中,无纺织物网302可以是多层材料,如至少一层纺粘网连接到至少一层熔喷网、粘结型粗疏网或其它合适的材料上。
无纺织物网可以连接到聚合物薄膜上形成一层压制品。合适的聚合物薄膜材料包括(但不限于)聚烯烃,如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯共聚物、丙烯共聚物和丁烯共聚物;尼龙(聚酰胺);基于金属茂催化剂的聚合物;纤维素酯;聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯);聚苯乙烯;聚氯乙烯;聚酯;聚氨酯;相容的聚合物;相容的共聚物;其共混物、层压物和/或组合。
无纺织物网302可以也是由两种或多种不同的纤维的混合物或纤维和颗粒的混合物制成。这类混合物可以通过向携带熔纤维或纺粘纤维的气体流中加入纤维和/或颗粒而形成,从而在收集纤维前使纤维和其它材料(如木浆、定长短纤维和颗粒)发生均质缠结共混。
无纺织物纤维网可以通过结合形成粘合的网状结构而连接。合适的粘合工艺包括(但不限于)化学粘合、热粘合如点压延、液压缩绒和针刺。
参照图5和6,无纺织物网变薄布局308优选包括超声波振子306和圆柱体310。当无纺织物材料302通过超声波振子306和砧圆体310之间时,无纺织网302受到超声振动能的作用,同时无纺织物网302的预定图案的位置变薄和熔融稳定。砧301具有多个标号为316离散形式的突起,这些突起是在绕砧圆柱体的整个周围表面314以预定图案向外伸出的方式分布。突起316以预定的方式分布,其中每个突起316成形和设置成沉积在无纺织物网302内的变薄的、熔融稳定的位置304以在无纺织物网302中形成预定图案的变薄的、熔融稳定的位置。如图6所示,砧310具有重复图案的突起316,该突起从整个周围的表面314伸出。或者,突起316也可以沿表面314的一部分或多个部分伸出。
突起316优选是截断的锥形,它从表面314径向向外伸出并具有椭圆形远端表面。远端的其它合适的形状包括(但不限于):圆形、方形和矩形等。加工砧310以致于所有的端表面位于假想的正圆圆柱体内,该圆柱体与砧310的旋转轴共轴。
当通过变薄布局308后且在通过步进式拉伸系统332的压区330之前,无纺织物网302包括多个变薄的、熔融稳定的位置304,该位置通常相应于从砧310的表面314伸出的凸起316的图案。
无纺织物网102从变薄布局308通过采用至少在某种程度上彼此互补的具有三维表面的相对的压力施加器的步进式拉伸系统332而形成的压区330。步进式拉伸系统332优选包括步进式拉伸辊334和336。步进式拉伸辊334包括多个从辊334的整个周边伸出的齿和相应的槽。步进式拉伸辊336包括多个齿和多个相应的槽。辊334上的齿与辊336上的槽相啮合。当具有变薄的、熔融稳定的位置304的无纺织物网302通过步进式拉伸系统332时,无纺织物网受到拉伸,引起网面伸长调整无纺织物网的拉伸力从而引起变薄的熔融稳定的位置304破裂,在无纺织物网中产生多个相应于变薄的熔融稳定的位置的孔。
无纺织物网302优选卷绕在卷绕辊380上并储存。或者,无纺织物网302也可以直接送到用来形成一次性吸湿用品的顶片的生产线。
尿布20优选还包括用来提供改进的液体和其它身体流出物存留的弹性线制的腿箍32。每个弹性线制的腿箍32可以包括几种不同的用于减少身体流出物在腿部区泄漏的实施方案。(腿箍可以是并且有时也是指腿带、侧翼、屏障箍或弹性箍)。USP 3,860,003描述了一种以具有侧翼和一种或多种弹性件的方式提供弹性线制的腿箍(密封箍)的可收缩的腿部开口的一次性尿布。USP 4,909,803,题目为“具有弹性线制的翼的一次性吸湿用品”,1990年3月20日授权于Aziz等人,所描述的一次性尿布具有“直立”的弹性线制的翼(屏障箍)以改性腿部区的存留性。USP 4,695,278,题目为“具有双箍的吸湿用品”,1987年9月22日授予Lawson,描述了含有双箍(包括密封箍和屏障箍)的一次性尿布。USP 4,704,115,题目为“一次性腰部存留性内衣”,1987年11月3日授予Bull,描述了具有设置侧边泄漏保持保护沟槽以存留内衣内的游离液体的一次性尿布或失禁内衣。将这些专利中的每一个引入本文作为参考。尽管可以成形与上述有腿带、侧翼、屏障箍或弹性箍中的任一种相类似的每种弹性线制的腿箍32,但优选每个弹性线制的腿箍32至少包括一个内屏障箍,该内屏障箍含有屏障护翼和间隔部件,如上述参考的USP4,909,803所述。在一个优选的实施方案中,弹性线制的箍32还包括位于屏障箍外侧的具有一根或多根弹性带的弹性密封箍,如上述参考的USP4,695,278所述。
尿布20还包括提供改性的配合性和存留性的弹性线制的腰带34。弹性线制的腰带34是打算弹性扩展和收缩以动态配合穿用者腰区的尿布20的部分或区。弹性线制的腰带34优选以吸湿芯28的至少一个腰边缘纵向向外伸长并通常形成尿布20的至少一部分端边。通常构造一次性尿布以具有两个弹性线制的腰区,一个位于后腰区,一个位于前腰区,当然尿布可以构造具有单个弹性线制的腰带。另外,尽管弹性线制的腰带34或其构造部件中的任一个可以是固定到尿布20上的独立部件,弹性线制的腰带34可以构造成尿布的其它部件(如底片26或顶片24)、优选底片26和顶片24两者的延伸部分。可以以多种不同的构型构造弹性线制的腰带34,包括USP 4,515,595,题目为“具有可弹性伸缩的腰带的一次性尿布”,1985年5月7日授予Kievit等人以及上述参考授予Buell的USP 5,151,092;将这些专利中的每一个引入本文作为参考。
在一个优选的实施方案中,尿布20还包括设置于后腰区44的弹性线制的侧片30。(这里用的术语“设置”指尿布的一个(或几个)部件在一个特定的地方或位置处与尿布的其它部件形成(连接和分布)成一个整体结构或者作为一个连接到尿布的另一个部件上的独立部件)。弹性线制的侧片30提供了一个可弹性伸长的部件,通过首先将尿布贴合地配置在穿用者上,并且由于弹性线制的侧片使尿布的侧边扩展和收缩,使尿布在已装有流出物时的整个穿用期间保持该配合,从而该部件提供了更加舒适和适合穿用者轮廓的配合。弹性线制的侧片30还提供了更加有效地应用尿布20,因为即使穿用者穿用尿布时将一个弹性线制的侧片30拉离另一个(不对称),尿布20将在穿用期间“自动调整”。尽管本发明的尿布20优选具有设置在后腰区44内的弹性线制的侧片30,但另一方面还可以具有设置在前腰区46和后腰区44的弹性线制的侧片。尽管弹性线制的侧片30可以构造成多种构型,具有弹性线制的侧片的尿布的实例披露在下列专利中:USP 4,857,076,题目为“具有抽褶的耳区的一次性尿布”,1989年8月15日授予Wood等人;USP4,381,781,1983年5月3日授予Sciaraffa等人;USP 4,938,753,1990年7月3日授予Van Gompel等人以及USP 5,151,092,1992年9月29日授予Buell等人,将这些专利中的每一个引入本文作为参考。用作弹性线制的侧片的合适的弹性材料包括弹性体泡沫、合成或天然橡胶、合成或天然橡胶泡沫、弹性体薄膜、弹性体稀松布、弹性体纺织或无纺织物网、弹性体复合材料如弹性体无纺织物层压制品或类似物。
尿布20还包括形成侧封闭的锁定系统36,它将后腰区44和前腰区46保持成一重叠构型从而保持尿布周边的侧边张力以将尿布保持在穿用者上。示范性的锁定系统披露在下列专利中:USP 4,869,724,1989年9月26日授予Scripps;USP 4,846,815,1989年7月11日授予Scripps;USP4,894,060,1990年1月16日授予Nestegard;USP 4,946,527,1990年8月7日授予Battrell;USP 3,848,594,1974年11月19日授予Buell;USP4,662,875,1987年5月5日授予Hirotsu和Robertson。将这些专利中的每一个引入本文作为参考。
尽管已经图示和描述了本发明的特殊实施方案,但对于本领域普通技术人员来说,在不偏离本发明的构思和范围下可进行各种变化和改型。因此,所附的权利要求书是要覆盖本发明范围内的所有这些变化和改型。
Claims (12)
1.一种对无纺织物网进行选择性开孔的方法,其特征在于下列步骤:
(1)在多个位置处弄薄所述无纺织物网以产生多个变薄的熔融稳定的位置;以及
(2)向所述无纺织物网施加拉伸力以使所述无纺织物网在所述多个变薄的熔融稳定的位置破裂,在该无纺织物网中产生多个相应于所述变薄的、熔融稳定的位置的孔。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述无纺织物网是一选自下列的纤维网:粘合型粗疏纤维网、纺粘纤维网、熔喷纤维网和包括至少一个所述网的多层材料。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述纤维包括一选自聚烯烃、聚酯和聚酰胺的聚合物。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述无纺织物网是一含有纤维和一种或多种其它材料的复合材料,所述其它材料选自:木浆、定长短纤维、颗粒状和超吸湿材料。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述无纺织物网是一选自下列的纤维网:弹性无纺织物网、非弹性无纺织物网和可伸长的无纺织物网。
6.一种无纺织物网,特征在于通过施加拉伸力而形成的多个孔,所述孔与多个变薄的、熔融稳定的位置相对应,所述孔具有周边,一部分所述周边由所述熔融稳定位置的剩余部分限定。
7.权利要求6的无纺织物网,其中所述无纺织物网形成一次性吸湿用品的顶片。
8.权利要求6的无纺织物网,其中所述无纺织物网选自粘合型粗疏纤维网、纺粘纤维网、熔喷纤维网和包括至少一个所述网的多层材料。
9.权利要求6的无纺织物网,其中所述纤维包括一选自聚烯烃、聚酯和聚酰胺的聚合物。
10.权利要求6的无纺织物网,其中所述无纺织物网是一含有纤维和一种或多种其它材料的复合材料,所述其它材料选自:木浆、定长短纤维、颗粒状和超吸湿材料。
11.权利要求6的无纺织物网,其中所述无纺织物网是一选自下列的纤维网:弹性无纺织物网、非弹性无纺织物网和可伸长的无纺织物网。
12.一种用于对无纺织物网进行选择性开孔的装置,特征在于:
(1)用于在多个位置处弄薄所述无纺织物网以产生多个变薄的熔融稳定的设备;以及
(2)用于向所述无纺织物网施加拉伸力以使所述无纺织物网在所述多个变薄的熔融稳定的位置破裂,在该无纺织物网中产生多个相应于所述变薄的、熔融稳定的位置的设备。
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-
1995
- 1995-09-29 US US08/536,228 patent/US5628097A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-09-12 CN CN96198375A patent/CN1202100A/zh active Pending
- 1996-09-12 KR KR1019980702355A patent/KR100266493B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-12 WO PCT/US1996/014643 patent/WO1997011662A1/en active Search and Examination
- 1996-09-12 AU AU70190/96A patent/AU7019096A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-12 JP JP51347297A patent/JP3249530B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-12 CA CA002233236A patent/CA2233236C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-12 EP EP96931539A patent/EP0852483B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-12 BR BR9610999A patent/BR9610999A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-12 ES ES96931539T patent/ES2171718T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-12 DE DE69620773T patent/DE69620773T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-27 ZA ZA968181A patent/ZA968181B/xx unknown
- 1996-12-26 TW TW085116054A patent/TW350001B/zh active
-
1997
- 1997-03-03 US US08/810,205 patent/US5916661A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-01-15 HK HK99100223A patent/HK1015248A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1547631B (zh) * | 2001-07-20 | 2011-06-29 | 宝洁公司 | 高度伸长的有孔无纺织网及其制造方法 |
CN102292195B (zh) * | 2009-02-06 | 2014-12-17 | 宝洁公司 | 制造开孔纤维网的方法 |
CN106163750A (zh) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-11-23 | 宝洁公司 | 用于制备分区开孔纤维网的方法 |
CN109642381A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-04-16 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | 用于制造用于吸收性物品的片状构件的方法和装置 |
CN109642381B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-11-09 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | 用于制造用于吸收性物品的片状构件的方法和装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR19990063883A (ko) | 1999-07-26 |
EP0852483A1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
JP3249530B2 (ja) | 2002-01-21 |
EP0852483B1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
CA2233236A1 (en) | 1997-04-03 |
KR100266493B1 (ko) | 2000-09-15 |
MX9802481A (es) | 1998-10-31 |
DE69620773D1 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
TW350001B (en) | 1999-01-11 |
AU7019096A (en) | 1997-04-17 |
CA2233236C (en) | 2003-11-04 |
ZA968181B (en) | 1997-05-02 |
DE69620773T2 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
WO1997011662A1 (en) | 1997-04-03 |
ES2171718T3 (es) | 2002-09-16 |
JPH11504993A (ja) | 1999-05-11 |
US5916661A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
US5628097A (en) | 1997-05-13 |
BR9610999A (pt) | 1999-07-13 |
HK1015248A1 (en) | 1999-10-15 |
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