CN1199686C - 缓释组合物、其制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
缓释组合物、其制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1199686C CN1199686C CNB998021148A CN99802114A CN1199686C CN 1199686 C CN1199686 C CN 1199686C CN B998021148 A CNB998021148 A CN B998021148A CN 99802114 A CN99802114 A CN 99802114A CN 1199686 C CN1199686 C CN 1199686C
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- salt
- polymer
- biologically active
- peptide
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- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸盐和生物可降解聚合物的缓释组合物、其制备方法和含有该缓释组合物的药物组合物。
Description
[发明领域]
本发明涉及生物活性物质的缓释组合物及其制备方法。
[现有技术]
日本特许公开号97334/1995公开了一种含有生物活性肽或其盐和具有一个末端游离羧基的生物可降解聚合物的缓释制剂,以及它的制备方法。
专利文献GB2209937、GB2234169、GB2234896、GB2257909和EP626170A2中公开了以生物可降解聚合物为基质含有单独制备的非水溶性盐(如肽或蛋白质的双羟萘酸盐)的组合物或其制备方法。
专利文献WO 95/15767公开了西曲瑞利克斯(LH-RH拮抗剂)的双羟萘酸盐(pamoate)及其制备方法,还指出甚至当此双羟萘酸盐包含在生物可降解聚合物中时仍然能够保持如同单独使用时所具有的肽释肽性能。
[本发明解决的问题]
本发明是为了提供新的以高含量含有生物活性物质且能够控制其释放速率的组合物。
[解决问题的方法]
经过大量为解决上述问题所做的研究后,本发明人发现,当在组合物形成过程中在生物活性物质与羟萘甲酸的共存下将该生物活性物质以高含量掺入到组合物中时,并且当上述两者同时存在于生物可降解聚合物中时,所述生物活性物质的速率释放不同于由生物可降解聚合物不存在下制备的生物活性物质和羟萘甲酸的相应组合物的释放速率,通过选择适当类型的生物可降解聚合物可以调控该释放速率。本发明人在此发现的基础上作了进一步的研究,并且开发出本发明。
所以,本发明提供了:
(1)含有生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐的缓释组合物;
(2)按照(1)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述生物活性物质是生物活性肽;
(3)按照(2)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述生物活性肽是LH-RH衍生物;
(4)按照(1)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述羟萘甲酸是3-羟基-2-萘甲酸;
(5)按照(1)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述生物可降解聚合物是α-羟基羧酸聚合物;
(6)按照(5)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述α-羟基羧酸聚合物是乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物;
(7)按照(6)所述的缓释组合物,其中乳酸和羟基乙酸的含量比例是100/0-40/60摩尔%;
(8)按照(7)所述的缓释组合物,其中乳酸和羟基乙酸的含量比例是100/0摩尔%;
(9)按照(6)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述聚合物的重均分子量是约3,000-约100,000;
(10)按照(9)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述聚合物的重均分子量是约20,000-约50,000;
(11)按照(3)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述LH-RH衍生物是下式表示的肽:
5-氧代-Pro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Y-Leu-Arg-Pro-Z
其中Y表示Dleu、DAla、DTrp、DSer(tBu)、D2Nal或DHis(ImBzl);Z表示NH-C2H5或Gly-NH2;
(12)按照(6)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述聚合物的末端羧基的含量是50-90微摩尔/单位质量(g)的聚合物;
(13)按照(3)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述羟萘甲酸或其盐和LH-RH衍生物或其盐的摩尔比例是3∶4-4∶3;
(14)按照(13)所述的缓释组合物,其中含有14%(w/w)-24%(w/w)的所述LH-RH衍生物或其盐。
(15)按照(1)所述的缓释组合物,其中所述生物活性物质或其盐极微溶于水或可溶于水中;
(16)按照(1)所述的缓释组合物,其用于注射。
(17)一种制备上述(1)所述缓释组合物的方法,该方法包括从生物活性物质或其盐、生物可降解聚合物或其盐和羟萘甲酸或其盐的混合物中除去溶剂;
(18)按照(17)所述的缓释组合物的制备方法,其中包括将生物活性物质混合并分散在含有生物可降解聚合物或其盐和羟萘甲酸或其盐的有机溶剂中,并且随后除去该有机溶剂;
(19)按照(18)所述的缓释组合物的制备方法,其中所述生物活性物质或其盐是水溶液形式;
(20)按照(17)所述的制备方法,其中所述生物活性物质的盐是与游离碱或酸形成的盐;
(21)含有上述(1)所述的缓释组合物的药物;
(22)一种用于预防或治疗前列腺癌、前列腺肥大、子宫内膜异位、子宫肌瘤、子宫纤维瘤、青春期早熟、痛经或乳腺癌或用于避孕的药剂,其中含有上述(3)所述的缓释组合物;
(23)含有生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐的缓释组合物;
(24)一种用于抑制生物活性物质从缓释组合物初始急剧释放的方法,该方法包括采用羟萘甲酸或其盐;
(25)一种用于提高缓释组合物中生物活性物质包合效率的方法,其中包括采用羟萘甲酸或其盐;
(26)生物活性肽的羟萘甲酸盐;
(27)按照(26)所述的生物活性肽的羟萘甲酸盐,其可溶于水或极微溶于水;和
(28)含有生物活性肽的羟萘甲酸盐的缓释组合物。
本发明还提供:
(29)按照(28)所述的缓释组合物,其中羟萘甲酸或其盐的含量是约1-约7mol/mol生物活性肽或其盐,优选约1mol-约2mol/mol;
(30)按照(17)所述的缓释组合物的制备方法,该方法包括用含有生物活性物质或其盐的溶液作为内部水相并用含有生物可降解聚合物和羟萘甲酸或其盐的溶液作为油相来制备油包水(W/O)乳剂,并且随后除去溶剂;
(31)按照(17)所述的缓释组合物的制备方法,该方法包括用含有羟萘甲酸或其盐的溶液作为内部水相并且用含有生物活性物质或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐的溶液作为油相来制备油包水(W/O)乳剂,并且随后除去溶剂;
(32)按照(28)所述的缓释组合物的制备方法,该方法包括混合并溶解生物活性肽或其盐和羟萘甲酸或其盐,并且随后除去溶剂;和
(33)按照(30)-(32)任一所述的缓释组合物的制备方法,其中所述除溶剂方法是含水干燥(water-in drying)法。
尽管对本发明中所用的生物活性物质没有限制,但它应在药理学上有用,并且可以是非肽类物质或是肽类物质。所述非肽物质包括激动剂、拮抗剂和具有酶抑制活性的物质。所述肽类物质包括如生物活性肽,并且特别是那些分子量为约300-约40,000,优选约400-约30,000,并且更优选约500-约20,000的生物活性肽。
所述生物活性肽包括,例如,促黄体素释放激素(LH-RH)、胰岛素、促生长素抑制素、生长激素、生长激素释放激素(GH-RH)、催乳素、红细胞生成素、促肾上腺皮质激素、促黑素细胞激素、甲状腺激素释放激素、促甲状腺素、促黄体素、促滤泡激素、血管升压素、催产素、降钙素、胃泌素、促胰液素、促胰酶素、缩胆囊肽、血管紧张肽、人胎盘生乳素、人类绒毛膜促性腺激素、脑啡肽、内啡肽、kyotorphin、吞噬作用激素、胸腺生成素、胸腺素、噻莫目林(thymostimulin)、胸腺体液因子、血胸腺因子、肿瘤坏死因子、集落刺激因子、胃动素、daynorphin、铃蟾肽、神经降压肽、雨蛙肽、缓激肽、心房钠尿增加素(atrial natriuresis increasing factor)、神经生长因子、细胞生长因子、神经营养因子、内皮素拮抗肽、其衍生物、这些肽的片段以及所述片段的衍生物。
本发明中所采用的生物活性肽可以成为或是药学上可接受的盐。
当生物活性肽具有碱性基团如氨基时,所述盐包括与无机酸(也称作无机游离酸)(例如碳酸、酸式碳酸、盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、硼酸)、有机酸(也可以称作有机游离酸)(例如琥珀酸、醋酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸)等形成的盐。
当生物活性肽具有酸性基团如羧基时,所述盐包括与无机碱(也可以称作无机游离碱)(例如,碱金属如钠和钾,碱土金属如钙和镁)、有机碱(也可以称作有机游离碱)(例如有机胺如三乙胺,碱性氨基酸如精氨酸)等生成的盐。所述生物活性肽可以形成金属络合化合物(例如铜络合物、锌络合物)。
上述生物活性肽中的优选实例是可以有效对抗性激素依赖性疾病如前列腺癌、前列腺肥大、子宫内膜异位、子宫肌瘤、青春期早熟及乳腺癌和可以有效避孕的LH-RH衍生物或其盐。
LH-RH衍生物或其盐的实例包括,例如,公开在《采用GnRH类似物的治疗法:探讨和远景》(The Parthenon Pulishing Group led.,1996年出版)、日本特许公报号503165/1991、日本特许公开号101695/1991、97334/1995和259460/1996等中的肽类。
LH-RH衍生物可以是LH-RH激动剂或LH-RH拮抗剂;有效的LH-RH拮抗剂包括,例如,通式[I]表示的生物活性肽或其盐:X-D2Nal-D4ClPhe-D3Pal-Ser-A-B-Leu-C-Pro-DAlaNH2[X表示N(4H2-呋喃甲酰基)Gly或NAc;A表示选自NMeTyr、Tyr、Aph(Atz)和NMeAph(Atz)的残基;B表示选自DLys(Nic)、DCit、Dlys(AzaglyNic)、DLys(AzaglyFur)、DhArg(Et2)、DAph(Atz)和DhCi的残基;C表示Lys(Nisp)、Arg或hArg(Et2)]。
适用的LH-RH激动剂包括,例如,通式[II]表示的生物活性肽或
其盐:
5-氧代-Pro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Y-Leu-Arg-Pro-Z
[Y表示选自DLeu、DAla、DTrp、DSer(tBu)、D2Nal和DHis(ImBzl)的残基;z表示NH2-C2H5、Gly-NH2]。特别优选其中Y是Dleu并且z是NH-C2Hs的肽(即式5-氧代-Pro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-DLeu-Arg-Pro-NH-C2H5所示的肽)。
这些肽类可以通过上述参考文献或专利公开中所述的方法或基于这些方法来制备。
本文所用的缩写具有以下含义:
缩写:
N(4H2-呋喃甲酰基)Gly:N-四氢呋喃甲酰基甘氨酸残基
NAc:N-乙酰基
D2Nal:D-3-(2-萘基)丙氨酸残基
D4ClPhe:D-3-(4-氯)苯基丙氨酸残基
D3Pal:D-3-(3-吡啶基)丙氨酸残基
NMeTyr:N-甲基酪氨酸残基
Aph(Atz):N-[5’-(3’-氨基-1’H-1’,2’,4’-三唑基)]苯基丙氨酸残基
NMeAph(Atz):N-甲基-[5’-(3’-氨基-1’H-1’,2’,4’-三唑基)]苯基丙氨酸残基
Dlys(Nic):D-(e-N-烟酰基)赖氨酸残基
Dcit:D-瓜氨酸残基
DLys(AzaglyNic):D-(氮杂甘氨酰基烟酰基)赖氨酸残基
Dlys(AzaglyFur):D-(氮杂甘氨酰基呋喃基)赖氨酸残基
DhArg(Et2):D-(N,N’-二乙基)高精氨酸残基
DAph(Atz):D-N-[5’-(3’-氨基-1’H-1’,2’,4’-三唑基)]苯基丙氨酸残基
DhCi:D-高瓜氨酸残基
Lys(Nisp):(e-N-异丙基)赖氨酸残基
hArg(Et2):(N,N’-二甲基)高精氨酸残基
上述氨基酸的缩写基于IUPAC-IUB委员会对生物化学命名法[《欧洲生物化学杂志》第138卷,9-37页(1984)]具体规定的缩写或所属技术领域常用的缩写。当氨基酸存在旋光异构体时,除非另有说明,其为L构型。
本发明的羟萘甲酸是由萘环和1个羟基和1个羧基构成,羟基和羧基键合在环的不同碳上。所以,相对于位于萘环1位和2位上的羧基来说,由于羟基位于不同的位置总共存在14个异构体。可以使用任一上述异构体,可以采用其任意比例的混合物。如下文所述,优选该酸具有较高的酸离解常数,或pKa(pKa=-log10Ka,Ka表示酸解离常数)较小。也优选那些极微溶于水的异构体。
优选可溶于醇(例如乙醇、甲醇)中的异构体。此处所用的术语“可溶于醇”是指,例如,在甲醇中的溶解度不小于10g/L。
对于上述羟萘甲酸异构体的pKa值,仅已知3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的该值(pKa=2.708,Kagaju Binran Kisohen II,日本化学协会,公开于1969年11月25日);但是通过比较羟基苯甲酸的三个异构体的pKa值可以获得有用的信息。具体而言,间-羟基苯甲酸和对-羟基苯甲酸的pKa值不小于4,而邻-羟基苯甲酸(水杨酸)的pKa值(2.754)极小。所以,在上述14个异构体中,优选那些由萘环和键合在萘环邻接碳原子上的羧基和羟基组成的那些羟萘甲酸,即3-羟基-2-萘甲酸、1-羟基-2-萘甲酸和2-羟基-1-萘甲酸。此外,更优选3-羟基-2-萘甲酸,该酸是由萘环和一个键合在环的3位上的羟基及键合在环的2位上的一个羧基构成。
所述羟萘甲酸可以是盐。盐包括,诸如,与无机碱(例如碱金属如钠和钾,碱土金属如钙和镁)、有机碱(例如,有机胺如三乙胺,碱性氨基酸如精氨酸)形成的盐,以及和过渡金属(如锌、铁、铜)形成的盐和复合盐。
本发明所述生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸盐的一个制备方法实例如下所述:
(1)使羟萘甲酸的水合有机溶剂溶液通过弱碱性的离子交换柱以吸收酸且使该交换柱饱和。随后将过量部分的羟萘甲酸通过水合有机溶剂除去,此后使生物活性物质或其盐的水合有机溶剂溶液流经该柱进行离子交换;从所得洗脱液中除去溶剂。适用于所述水合有机溶剂中的有机溶剂包括醇(例如甲醇、乙醇)、乙腈、四氢呋喃和二甲基甲酰胺。利用或基于已知的常规方法除去溶剂使盐沉淀。这些方法的实例包括,在用旋转蒸发器等调控真空度的条件下蒸发溶剂的方法。
(2)生物活性物质或其盐的水合有机溶剂溶液在通过预先离子交换为氢氧根离子的弱碱性离子交换柱后,其碱性基团转化为氢氧根型。以不超过摩尔当量的量将羟萘甲酸加入到回收的洗脱液中并且溶解,随后浓缩;根据需要用水洗涤沉淀的盐,并且干燥。
生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸盐极其微溶于水,但这也取决于所用的生物活性物质。因为生物活性肽的这种盐具有缓释潜能,因此生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸盐可用于生物活性物质的缓释制剂,并且也可用于制备缓释组合物。
本发明中所采用的生物可降解聚合物包括,例如:由一种或多种选自α-羟基一羧酸(例如羟基乙酸、乳酸)、羟基二羧酸(例如苹果酸)、羟基三羧酸(例如柠檬酸)等合成得到的含有游离羧基的聚合物或共聚物、或它们的混合物;聚-α-氰基丙烯酸酯;聚氨基酸(例如聚-g-苄基-L-谷氨酸);和马来酸酐共聚物(例如,苯乙烯-马来酸共聚物)。
单体结合的方式可以是随机、嵌段或接枝。当上述α-羟基一羧酸、α-羟基二羧酸和α-羟基三羧酸在其分子结构内具有旋光活性中心,它们可以是D-、L-或DL-构型。其中有乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物[此后也称作聚(丙交酯-共聚-乙交酯)、聚(乳酸-共聚-羟基乙酸)或乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;其统指乳酸-羟基乙酸均聚物和共聚物,除非另有具体说明;乳酸均聚物也称作乳酸聚合物、聚乳酸、聚丙交酯等,羟基乙酸均聚物称作羟基乙酸聚合物、聚羟基乙酸、聚乙交酯等],优选聚(α-氰基丙烯酸酯)等。更优选乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物。特别优选在一个末端具有游离羧基的乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物。
所述生物可降解聚合物可以是盐。盐包括,诸如,与无机碱(例如碱金属如钠和钾,碱土金属如钙和镁)、有机碱(例如,有机胺如三乙胺,碱性氨基酸如精氨酸)形成的盐,以及和过渡金属(如锌、铁、铜)形成的盐和复合盐。
当所用生物可降解聚合物是乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物时,其含量比例(摩尔%)优选为约100/0-约40/60,更优选100/0-约50/50。也优选采用含量比例为100/0的乳酸均聚物。
作为乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物的最小重复单元之一,乳酸旋光异构体的比例优选为约75/25-约25/75,以D-构型/L-构型的比例(摩尔/摩尔%)计。一般采用D-构型/L-构型比例(摩尔/摩尔%)约60/40-约30/70的乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物。
所述乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物的重均分子量通常是约3,000-约100,000,优选约3,000-约60,000,更优选约3,000-约50,000,并且特别优选约20,000-约50,000。
分散度(重均分子量/数均分子量)一般为约1.2-约4.0,更优选约1.5-3.5。
所述乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物的游离羧基含量优选为约20-约1,000微摩尔,更优选约40-约1,000微摩尔/单位质量(克)的聚合物,进一步优选50-90微摩尔/单位质量(克)的聚合物。
在此定义的重均分子量、数均分子量和分散度是基于聚苯乙烯的分子量和分散度,它们是通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)用重均分子量分别为1,110,000、707,000、455,645、354,000、189,000、156,055、98,900、66,437、37,200、17,100、9,830、5,870、2,500、1,303和504的15种聚苯乙烯作为参照物来测定。测量时采用了高速GPC仪(Toso制造,HLC-8120GPC,检测:折射率)和GPC柱KF804Lx2(Showa Denko制造),用氯仿作为流动相。
在此所用术语“游离羧基含量”是指通过标记法获得(此后称作“标记法测定的羧基含量”)。用于测定聚乳酸中此含量的具体方法如下所述。首先,将W mg的聚乳酸溶解在2ml 5N盐酸/乙腈(v/v=4/96)混合物中;加入2ml的0.01M邻-硝基苯基肼盐酸盐(ONPH)(5N盐酸/乙腈/乙醇=1.02/35/15)溶液和2ml 0.15M的1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳二亚胺盐酸盐溶液(吡啶/乙醇=4v/96v),随后在40℃下反应30分钟,此后除去溶剂。用水洗涤(4次)后,将残余物溶解在2ml乙腈中;加入1ml 0.5mol/l的氢氧化钾的乙醇溶液,随后在60℃下反应30分钟。将反应混合物稀释在1.5N氢氧化钠水溶液中至Y ml;在544nm下测定吸光度a(/cm),用1.5N氢氧化钠水溶液作为空白对照。另外,用DL-乳酸的水溶液作为参照物,其游离羧基的含量C mol/l通过碱滴定法测定。将通过ONPH标记法制备的DL-乳酰肼在544nm下的吸光度作为B(/cm),每单位质量(克)聚合物中的游离羧基的摩尔含量可以采用以下公式计算:
[COOH](mol/g)=(AYC)/(WB)
虽然通过将生物可降解聚合物溶解在甲苯-丙酮-甲醇混合溶剂中,并以酚酞作为指示剂用氢氧化钾的醇溶液滴定此溶液的羧基,也可以获得该羧基含量(利用此方法获得的值此后称作“碱滴定法测定的羧基含量”),但采用上述标记法来定量测定较理想,因为滴定过程中聚酯主链水解反应的竞争可导致滴定终点不清楚。
生物可降解聚合物的分解/消除速率差异很大,这取决于共聚物的组成、分子量或游离羧基含量。然而,在乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物的情况下,通过减少羟基乙酸的比例或增加分子量和降低游离羧基的含量可以延长药物释放的时间,这是因为分解/消除作用常常随羟基乙酸比例的降低而延迟。因为游离羧基的含量会影响混合在制剂中的生物活性物质的释放速率,但它必须达到指定水平。鉴于此原因,为了得到适用于长效型缓释制剂(例如6个月或更长时间)的生物可降解聚合物,优选在乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物的情况中采用如下的聚乳酸(例如D-乳酸、L-乳酸、DL-乳酸,优选DL-乳酸等),该聚乳酸如上所述的重均分子量和游离羧基含量分别是约20,000-约50,000和约30-约95μmol/g,优选约40-约95μmol/g,更优选约50-约90μmol/g。
所述“乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物”可以,例如,通过无催化剂脱水聚合缩合法(日本特许公开号28521/1986)由乳酸和羟基乙酸制备,或通过开环聚合反应由交酯和环状二酯化合物如乙交酯开始利用催化剂来制备(《生物材料学和生物工程学全书》A部:材料学,第2卷,MarcelDekker,Inc.,1995)。虽然通过上述已知的开环聚合法制得的聚合物不一定在一个末端含有游离羧基,但通过EP-A-0839525所述的水解反应,可以将聚合物改性为每单位量的聚合物中含有一定量的羧基,可以采用所得改性聚合物。
毋庸置疑,上述“在一个末端具有游离羧基的乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物”可以通过已知的常规方法(例如无催化剂脱水聚合缩合法,日本特许公开号28521/1986)或下列方法来制备。
(1)首先,在具有保护羧基的羟基一羧酸衍生物(例如D-乳酸叔丁酯、L-乳酸苄酯)或具有保护羧基的羟基二羧酸衍生物(例如丙醇二酸二苄酯、2-羟乙基丙二酸二叔丁酯)的存在下,利用聚合催化剂使环酯化合物发生聚合反应。
上述“具有保护羧基的羟基一羧酸衍生物”或“具有保护羧基的羟基二羧酸衍生物”例如是其羧基(-COOH)被酰胺化(-CONH2)或酯化(-COOR)的羟基羧酸衍生物,并且优选其羧基(-COOH)被酯化(-COOR)的羟基羧酸衍生物等。
此处,酯的R例如是C1-6烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基和叔丁基;C3-8环烷基,如环戊基和环己基;C6-12芳基,如苯基和α-萘基;和C7-14芳烷基,如苯基--C1-2烷基,如苄基和苯乙基;和α-萘基-C1-2烷基,如α-萘甲基。在这些基团中,优选叔丁基、苄基等基团。
所述“环酯化合物”是指环内至少具有一个酯键的环状化合物。具体而言,该化合物包括环状一酯化合物(内酯)或环状二酯化合物(交酯)。
所述“环状一酯化合物”例如是4元环内酯(β-丙醇酸内酯、β-丁内酯、β-异戊内酯、β-己内酯、β-异己内酯、β-甲基-β-戊内酯等)、5元环内酯(γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯等)、6元环内酯(δ-戊内酯等)、7元环内酯(ε-己内酯等)、对-二噁烷酮和1,5-二氧杂庚环-2-酮。所述“环状二酯化合物”例如是下式所示的化合物:
其中R1和R2相同或不同,表示氢原子或C1-6烷基(如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基或叔丁基),优选R1为氢原子且R2为甲基的交酯或R1和R2同时为氢原子的交酯等。
具体而言,此类化合物包括乙交酯、L-丙交酯、D-丙交酯、DL-丙交酯、内消旋丙交酯和3-甲基-1,4-二氧六环-2,5-二酮(包括旋光性构型)。
所述“聚合催化剂”例如是有机锡催化剂(例如辛酸锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、四苯基锡)、铝催化剂(例如三乙基铝)和锌催化剂(例如二乙基锌)。
考虑到易于在反应后除去,优选采用铝催化剂和锌催化剂;就保存安全性的而言,优选锌催化剂。
适用于聚合催化剂的溶剂包括苯、己烷和甲苯,优选己烷、甲苯等。
对于“聚合的方法”,所述本体聚合物法是指在熔融态的反应物中进行聚合,或溶液聚合法是指将反应物溶解在适当溶剂(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、十氢萘、二甲基甲酰胺)中进行聚合。尽管对聚合温度没有限制,但对于本体聚合反应,聚合温度应不低于反应物在反应开始时变为熔融状态时的温度,通常为100-300℃,而溶液聚合法一般是在室温至150℃下进行;如果反应温度超过反应溶液的沸点,该反应是在使用冷凝器回流下或在耐压反应釜中进行。考虑聚合温度、其它反应条件、目标聚合物的物理性质等作出判断,聚合反应的时间例如为10分钟-72小时。当反应完全后。用酸(例如盐酸、乙酸酐、三氟乙酸)终止该反应,并且如果需要将该反应混合物溶解在适当溶剂(例如丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿)中,随后将该混合物混合在对所需产物不溶解的溶剂(例如醇、水、醚、异丙醚)中或用其它方法沉淀,此后分离出在ω-末端具有保护羧基的聚合物。
本申请所述的聚合方法采用了具有保护羧基的羟基羧酸衍生物(例如D-乳酸叔丁酯、L-乳酸苄酯)或具有保护羧基的羟基二羧酸衍生物(例如丙醇二酸二苄酯、L-2-羟乙基丙二酸二叔丁酯)代替常规的质子链转移剂,如甲醇。
采用具有保护羧基的羟基羧酸衍生物(例如D-乳酸叔丁酯、L-乳酸苄酯)或具有保护羧基的羟基二羧酸衍生物(例如丙醇二酸二苄酯、L-2-羟乙基丙二酸二叔丁酯)作为质子链转移剂,可以(1)通过起始原料的组成来调控分子量;和(2)通过聚合后的脱保护反应,释放出所得生物可降解聚合物ω-末端的羧基。
(2)其次,令通过上述阶段(1)聚合反应所得的具有ω-末端保护羧基的聚合物进行脱保护反应,可以得到所需的具有ω-末端游离羧基的生物可降解聚合物。
通过常规已知方法可以脱除所述保护基。此类方法包括所有能够脱除保护基但不影响聚(羟基羧酸)酯键的方法,具体例如是还原法和酸分解法。
所述还原方法包括,例如,用催化剂(例如钯炭、钯黑、氧化钯)催化还原,在液氨中用钠还原,和用二硫苏糖醇还原;当催化还原具有ω-末端保护羧基的聚合物时,通过向溶于乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、氯仿或类似溶剂中的聚合物溶液内加入钯炭,并且在室温和剧烈搅拌的条件下通入约20分钟-约4小时的氢气可以脱去保护基。
所述酸分解的方法包括,例如,用无机酸(例如氟化氢、溴化氢、氯化氢)、有机酸(例如三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸)或它们的混合物进行酸分解。另外,若需要,可适当地加入阳离子清除剂(例如苯甲醚、苯酚、苯硫基甲烷)。例如,当具有叔丁基保护的ω-末端羧基的聚合物被酸分解时,通过将适量三氟乙酸加入到溶于二氯甲烷、二甲苯、甲苯或类似溶剂中的聚合物溶液内,或将聚合物溶解在三氟乙酸中,并且在室温下搅拌约1小时可以脱保护。
优选该酸分解反应在聚合反应之后进行;在这种情况中,它可以充当聚合反应的终止反应。
此外,将由上述脱保护反应获得的聚合物进一步根据需要进行酸水解反应,可以按照目的调控该聚合物的重均分子量、数均分子量或末端羧基含量。具体而言,这可以通过或基于例如EP-A-0839525中所述的方法来实现。
由上述方法得到的生物可降解聚合物可以用作制备缓释制剂的基质。
而且,利用已知制备方法(例如参见专利申请WO 94/15587)可以制得一个末端具有指定游离羧基的聚合物。
另外,开环聚合后经过化学处理所得的具有一个末端游离羧基的乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物可以是例如Boehringer Ingelheim KG.的市售产品。
所述生物可降解聚合物可以是盐(生物可降解聚合物的盐包括,例如,上述盐)。有效的盐制备方法包括,例如,(a)将上述含羧基的生物可降解聚合物在有机溶剂中的溶液和含有无机碱(例如碱金属如钠和钾,碱土金属如钙和镁)或有机碱(例如有机胺如三乙胺,碱性氨基酸如精氨酸)的离子的水溶液混合在一起引发离子交换反应,该反应后,分离出已成为盐形式的聚合物;(b)将(a)中所列举的碱的弱酸盐(例如乙酸盐、羟基乙酸盐)溶解在上述含羧基聚合物在有机溶剂中的溶液内,随后分离出已成为盐形式的聚合物;和(c)将过渡金属(例如锌、铁、铜)的弱酸盐(例如乙酸盐、羟基乙酸盐)或氧化物混合在上述含羧基生物可降解聚合物在有机溶剂中的溶液内,此后分离出现已成为盐形式的聚合物。
作为适用于长效型缓释制剂(例如6个月或更长时间)的生物可降解聚合物,优选通过上述方法制备的“一个末端具有游离羧基的乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物”。
生物活性物质在本发明组合物中的重量比例随生物活性物质的种类、预期的药理学作用、作用时间和其它因素而改变。在含有三种组分(生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐)的缓释组合物的情况中,生物活性肽或其盐的重量比例例如是约0.001-约50%(重量),优选约0.02-约40%(重量),更优选约0.1-30%(重量),并且首选约14-24%(重量),相对于三种组分之和计。在非肽生物活性物质或其盐的情况中,该比例是约0.01-80%(重量),优选约0.1-50%(重量)。当含有生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸时,可以采用类似的重量比例。在含有生物活性肽(称作(A))与羟萘甲酸(称作(B))的盐的缓释组合物情况中,(A)的重量比例一般是约5-约90%(重量),优选约10-约80%(重量),并且更优选约30-约80%(重量),相对于(A)与(B)盐的总重计。
在含有三种组分(生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐)的缓释组合物的情况中,以每1mol生物活性物质或其盐计,羟萘甲酸或其盐的配制用量优选为约1/2-约2mol,更优选约3/4-约4/3mol,并且特别优选约4/5-约6/5mol。
本发明设计的组合物此后描述为含有三种组分的缓释组合物:碱性生物活性物质、羟萘甲酸和生物可降解聚合物。在此情况中,作为碱的生物活性物质和作为酸的羟萘甲酸同时存在于该组合物中;无论它们是以游离形式还是盐的形式配制在组合物中的,在组合物制备期间的某点各组分存在解离平衡,或当存在痕量水时以水合状态存在。由于与任何羟萘甲酸形成的盐都极微溶于水,所以可以假定生物活性物质极微溶于水,尽管溶解度也取决于该生物活性物质的特性,其解离平衡向形成极微溶于水的盐的方向移动。
在具有高含量碱性生物活性物质的组合物的制备中,希望将绝大部分的生物活性物质质子化成为上述极微溶于水的盐,这可根据上述解离平衡来判断。鉴于此目的,羟萘甲酸或其盐的用量应至少近似于生物活性物质或其盐的当量。
其次,组合物中所含生物活性物质的释放机理如下所述。在上述配方组合物中,生物活性物质几乎全被质子化并且与抗衡离子共存。所述抗衡离子主要是羟萘甲酸(优选羟萘甲酸)。该组合物对生物体给药后,由于所述生物可降解聚合物发生分解,其低聚物和单体开始随时间产生。当该聚合物为乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物时,所得低聚物(乳酸-羟基乙酸低聚物)和单体(乳酸或羟基乙酸)总是具有一个羧基,也可以作为生物活性物质的抗衡离子。所述生物活性物质在电荷不转移的条件下释放,或以与抗衡离子形成盐的形式释放;可转移的抗衡离子包括羟萘甲酸、乳酸-羟基乙酸低聚物(其分子量适于转移)和单体(乳酸或羟基乙酸)。
当有多种酸共存时,尽管产物也取决于其含量比例,但通常优先生成强酸的盐。关于羟基萘甲酸的pKa值,已知3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的pKa值是2.078(Kagaku Binran Kisohen II,日本化学协会,1969年9月25日公布)。而乳酸-羟基乙酸低聚物的羧基的pKa值是未知的,但可以基于乳酸或羟基乙酸的pKa值(=3.86或3.83)计算,计算根据的原理是“因引入取代基导致的自由能水平的变化可以采用加合规则估算”。取代基对解离常数的影响业已测定并且可以用于此目的(表4.1中“有机酸和碱的pKa的推测”,D.D.Perrin,B.Demsey,&E.P.Serjeant,1981)。下列数据适用于羟基和酯键:
ΔpKa(OH)=-0.90
ΔpKa(酯键)=-1.7
鉴于最接近解离基团的酯键的贡献,乳酸-羟基乙酸低聚物的羧基的pKa值计算如下:
pKa=pKa(乳酸或羟基乙酸)-ΔpKa(OH)+ΔpKa(酯键)=3.06或3.03
由于羟萘甲酸是比乳酸(pKa=3.86)、羟基乙酸(pKa=3.83)和乳酸-羟基乙酸低聚物更强的酸,所以可以假定生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸盐在上述组合物中优先生成,可以推断出该盐的特性主要决定了生物活性物质自组合物缓释的性质。所述生物活性物质例如是上述例举的生物活性物质。
在此,羟萘甲酸和生物活性物质形成的盐极微溶于水,而不是不溶于水这一点,对缓释机理起有利影响。换言之,在上述对酸解离常数的讨论中已证实,羟萘甲酸(比上述乳酸-羟基乙酸低聚物更强的酸)在释放的初始阶段占主导地位;通过羟萘甲酸的含量比例可以调节药物的初始释放模式,因为盐的溶解度和其在机体组织中的分布形式对生物活性物质的释放速率起决定作用。因此,当因羟萘甲酸减少和生物可降解聚合物的水解导致的低聚物和单体增多时,含有低聚物和单体作为抗衡离子的生物活性物质的释放机制逐渐占优势;即使羟萘甲酸在该“组合物”中基本消失,生物活性物质也可以获得稳定释放。缓释组合物制备中生物活性物质掺入效率的提高以及抑制所述生物活性物质在给药后初期急剧释放的可能性也都得以解释。
羟萘甲酸在含有生物活性肽的羟萘甲酸盐的缓释组合物中的作用也可以用上述机理解释。
在此所用术语“不溶于水”是指,当该物质在不高于40℃下在蒸馏水中搅拌4小时后,该物质溶解在1L溶液中的质量不超过25mg。
在此所用术语“极微溶于水”是指上述溶解质量不低于25mg且不超过5g。当该物质是生物活性物质的盐时,上述定义适用于在上述操作中被溶解的生物活性物质的质量。
尽管本发明的缓释组合物不限于某种形式,但优选微粒形式,更优选微球(在含有生物可降解聚合物的缓释组合物的情况中也称作微囊)。在此所用术语“微球”是指可分散在溶液中的可注射球体。其形状可以通过例如扫描显微镜来确证。
[本发明的实施方式]
用于制备本发明的含有生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐的缓释组合物的方法举例如下。
(I)含水干燥法
(i)O/W法
在此法中,制备羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐的有机溶剂溶液。
所述有机溶剂例如是卤代烃(例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、二氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、四氯化碳)、醚(如乙醚、异丙醚)、脂肪酸酯(例如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯)、芳香烃(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯)、醇(例如乙醇、甲醇)和乙腈。其中,二氯甲烷是生物可降解聚合物或其盐的优选有机溶剂。醇是羟萘甲酸或其盐的优选有机溶剂。可以使用上述溶剂的适当比例的混合物。在这些溶剂中,优选卤代烃和醇的混合物,更优选二氯甲烷和乙醇的混合物。
当采用二氯甲烷和乙醇的混合物作为有机溶剂时,其浓度比例选自约0.01-约50%(v/v),优选约0.05-约40%(v/v),并且更优选约0.1-约30%(v/v)。
生物可降解聚合物在有机溶剂溶液中的浓度依赖于生物可降解聚合物的分子量和有机溶剂的种类而改变。例如,当采用二氯甲烷作为有机溶剂时,生物可降解聚合物的浓度一般选自约0.5-约70%(重量),优选约1-约60%(重量),更优选约2-约50%(重量)。
羟萘甲酸或其盐在有机溶剂溶液中的浓度一般选自如约0.01-约10%(重量),优选约0.1-约5%(重量),更优选约0.5-约3%(重量)。
将生物活性物质或其盐加入到由此所得的含有羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物的有机溶剂溶液中,并且溶解或分散。
此后,将所得的含有生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物的有机溶液溶液加入到水相中形成O(油相)/W(水相)乳剂,随后,蒸发掉油相中的溶剂得到微球。对于此操作,水相体积一般选择范围为油相体积的约1倍-约10000倍,优选约5倍-约50000倍,更优选约10倍-约2000倍。
上述外部水相中可以加入乳化剂。所述乳化剂可以是任一能够形成稳定O/W乳剂的乳化剂。所述乳化剂包括,例如,阴离子表面活性剂(例如油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠)、非离子表面活性剂[例如聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(吐温80、吐温60,Atlas PowderCompany)、聚氧化乙烯蓖麻油衍生物(例如HCO-60,HCO-50,NikkoChemicals公司)]、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、卵磷脂、明胶和透明质酸。这些乳化剂可以单独使用或联合使用。对于浓度,适宜的乳化剂用量是约0.01%-10%(重量),优选约0.05%-约5%(重量)。
上述外部水相中也可以加入渗透压调节剂。所述渗透压调节剂可以是任一能够在制备成水溶液时具有一定渗透压的物质。
所述渗透压调节剂例如是多元醇、一元醇、单糖、二糖、低聚糖、氨基酸和它们的衍生物。
适用的多元醇包括,例如,二元醇,如甘油;五元醇,如阿糖醇、木糖醇和阿东糖醇;和六元醇,如甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇和半乳糖醇。在这些醇中,优选六元醇,更优选甘露糖醇。
适用的一元醇包括,例如,甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇,更优选乙醇。
适用的单糖包括,例如,戊糖如阿拉伯糖、木糖、核糖和脱氧核糖,和己糖如葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、山梨糖、鼠李糖和岩藻糖,优选戊糖。
适用的低聚糖包括,例如,三糖如麦芽三糖和棉子糖;四糖如水苏糖;优选三糖。
适用的单糖、二糖和低聚糖的衍生物包括,例如,葡糖胺、半乳糖胺、葡糖醛酸和半乳糖醛酸。
适用的氨基酸包括,例如,甘氨酸、亮氨酸和精氨酸,并且优选L-精氨酸。
这些渗透压调节剂可以单独使用或联合使用。
上述渗透压调节剂所采用的浓度一般是使该外部水相的渗透压是生理盐水渗透压的约1/50倍-约5倍,优选约1/25倍-约3倍。
利用或基于常规方法可以除去上述有机溶剂。此类方法包括,例如,在正常或递减的压力下在螺旋搅拌器、电磁搅拌器或类似仪器的搅拌下蒸发有机溶剂的方法,或在用旋转蒸发器或类似装置调节的真空度下蒸发有机溶剂的方法。
将所得微球离心或过滤分离,此后用蒸馏水洗涤数次以除去粘着在微球表面上的游离生物活性物质、羟萘甲酸、药物载体、乳化剂等,随后再分散在蒸馏水等中并冷冻干燥。
为了防止颗粒在制备过程中相互聚集,可加入抗凝剂。所述抗凝剂例如是:水溶性多糖,如甘露糖醇、乳糖、葡萄糖和淀粉(例如玉米淀粉);氨基酸,如甘氨酸;和蛋白质,例如血纤蛋白和胶原。这些物质中,优选甘露糖醇。
如果需要,冷冻干燥之后可以在减压下加热,在不引起微球相互粘着的条件下除去微球中的水和有机溶剂。优选的微球加热温度为略高于生物可降解聚合物的中间玻璃化点,可以利用差示扫描量热计在10-20℃/分钟的升温速率下测定。更优选的微球加热温度是生物可降解聚合物的中间玻璃化点质高于玻璃化转变温度约30℃的温度。当用乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物用作生物可降解聚合物时,优选在中间玻璃化点至高于玻璃化转变温度10℃的温度范围内加热该微球,更优选中间玻璃化点至高于玻璃化转变温度5℃的温度范围。
当微球达到指定温度后,尽管加热时间依赖于微球的量及其它因素变化,但加热时间一般为约12小时-约168小时,优选约24小时-约120小时,更优选约48小时-约96小时。
可以采用任何能够均匀加热微球聚集体的加热方法。
适用的热干燥法包括,例如,在恒温室、流化床室、移动室或烘干炉中进行的热干燥方法,和用微波热干燥的方法。在这些方法中,优选在恒温室内进行的热干燥法。
(ii)W/O/W法(1)
首先,制备含有生物可降解聚合物或其盐的有机溶剂溶液。
有机溶剂和生物可降解聚合物及其盐的浓度如同上述段落(I)(i)所述。
当采用两种以上的溶剂时,这些溶剂的比例与段落(I)(i)中所述的那些相同。将生物活性物质或其盐加入到由此制得的有机溶剂溶液中,随后溶解且分散。
然后,向生物活性物质和生物可降解聚合物的有机溶剂溶液(油相)中加入羟萘甲酸或其盐的溶液[此溶剂例如为水、醇(如甲醇、乙醇)、吡啶溶液、二甲基乙酰胺溶液等]。通过已知方法例如均化法或超声法将该混合物乳化成为W/O乳剂。
随后,将由此所得的含有生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐的W/O乳剂加入到水相中形成W(内部水相)/O(油相)/W(外部水相)溶剂,进而蒸发除去油相中的溶剂得到微球。对于此操作,外部水相的体积一般是油相体积的约1倍-约10,000倍,优选约5倍-约50,000倍,更优选约10倍-约2,000倍。
外部水相中可以加入上述乳化剂和渗透压调节剂,随后的处理如同段落(I)(i)所述。
(ii)W/O/W法(2)
首先,制备含有羟萘甲酸和生物可降解聚合物的有机溶剂溶液。由此所得的有机溶剂溶液称作油相。制备方法如同段落(I)(i)所述。
另外,可单独制备含有羟萘甲酸的有机溶剂溶液和含有生物可降解聚合物的有机溶剂溶液,将它们混合在一起制成油相。
生物可降解聚合物在有机溶剂溶液中的浓度依赖于生物可降解聚合物的分子量和有机溶剂的种类而改变。例如,当采用二氯甲烷作为有机溶剂时,生物可降解聚合物的浓度一般选自约0.5-约70%(重量),优选约1-约60%(重量),更优选约2-约50%(重量)。
然后,制备含有生物活性物质或其盐的溶液[此溶剂例如是水、醇(如甲醇、乙醇)]。由此所得的溶液称作外部水相。生物活性物质的浓度一般是0.001mg/ml-10g/ml,优选0.1mg/ml-5g/ml,更优选10mg/ml-3g/ml。油相和内部水相可以通过已知方法如均化法和超声法乳化,形成W/O乳剂。
对于此操作,油相的体积一般是内部水相体积的约1倍-约1,000倍,优选约2倍-约100倍,并且更优选约3倍-约10倍。
该W/O乳剂的粘度一般选自约10-约1,000cp,优选约100-约5,000cp,更优选约500-2,000cp。
随后,将所得的含有生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物的W/O/乳剂加入到水相中形成W(内部水相)/O(油相)/W(外部水相)乳剂,此后蒸发掉油相的溶剂,生成微球。对于此操作,外部水相的体积一般是内部水相体积的约1倍-约10,000倍,优选约2倍-约100倍,并且更优选约3倍-约10倍。
外部水相中可以加入上述乳化剂和渗透压调节剂,随后的处理如同段落(I)(i)所述。
(II)相分离法
为了通过此方法制备微球,在搅拌下,少量多次地将凝聚剂加入到上述含水干燥法(I)中所述的有机溶剂溶液中,该溶液中含有由生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐组成的组合物,沉淀且固化微球。该凝聚剂的加入量(体积)是油相体积的约0.01-100倍,优选约0.05倍-500倍,并且更优选约0.1-200倍。
该凝聚剂可以是任一能够与所述有机溶剂混溶的但不溶解生物活性物质、羟萘甲酸和生物相容性聚合物的盐复合物的聚合物、矿物油或植物油类化合物。具体而言,适用的凝聚剂包括,例如,硅油、芝麻油、豆油、玉米油、棉籽油、椰油、亚麻子油、矿物油、正己烷和正庚烷。它们可以联合使用。
收集所得的微球。随后用庚烷等反复洗涤,除去除生物活性物质、羟萘甲酸和生物可降解聚合物以外的凝聚剂等,此后减压干燥。此外,微球的洗涤按照与含水干燥法段落(I)(i)中所述相同的方式,此后冷冻干燥并热干燥。
(III)喷雾干燥法
为了利用此方法制备微球,将上述含水干燥法(I)中所述的有机溶剂溶液经喷嘴喷雾到喷雾干燥器的干燥室中,以使细液滴中的有机溶剂在很短时间内挥发,生成微球,所述有机溶剂溶液中含有由生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐组成的组合物。所述喷嘴例如是双液喷嘴、压力喷嘴和转盘喷嘴。在按照与含水干燥法段落(I)所述的相同方法洗涤后,根据需要将微球冷冻干燥并热干燥。
对于除了上述微球以外的剂型,将含水干燥法段落(I)中所述的有机溶剂溶液干燥蒸发掉有机溶剂和水,同时用旋转蒸发器或类似仪器调节真空度,该有机溶剂溶液中含有由生物活性物质或其盐、羟萘甲酸或其盐和生物可降解聚合物或其盐组成的组合物,此后用喷射磨或类似设备研磨,生成微球。
此后按照与含水干燥法段落(I)所述的相同方法洗涤后将研磨微粒冷冻干燥并热干燥。
所得微球或微粒能够以相应于所用生物可降解聚合物或乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物分解的速率释放出药物。
(IV)两步法
将生物活性物质或其盐以符合上述生物活性物质含量范围的重量比例加入到羟萘甲酸或其盐在有机溶剂中的溶液内,生成生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸的有机溶剂溶液。
所述有机溶剂与段落(I)(i)所述的相同。当采用两种以上的有机溶剂作为混合溶剂时,混合物的比例与段落(I)(i)中所述的相同。
通过或基于已知方法可以除去有机溶剂以沉淀出生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸复合物。所述方法包括,例如,在用旋转蒸发器或类似仪器调节真空度的同时蒸发掉有机溶剂的方法。
可以将由此所得的生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸复合物再次溶解在有机溶剂中,生成缓释组合物(微球或微粒)。
所述有机溶剂例如是卤代烃(例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、二氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、四氯化碳)、醚(如乙醚、异丙醚)、脂肪酸酯(例如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯)和芳香烃(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯)。可以采用这些溶剂的适当比例的混合物。在上述溶剂中,优选卤代烃,更优选二氯甲烷。
将含有生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸的有机溶剂溶液加入到水相中生成O(油相)/W(水相)乳剂,此后蒸发掉油相中的溶剂生成微球。对于此操作,水相的体积一般是油相体积的约1倍-约10,000倍,优选约5倍-约5,000倍,更优选约10倍-约2,000倍。
乳化剂、渗透压调节剂和后继步骤均与段落(I)(i)所述的相同。
通过或基于已知方法可以除去有机溶剂。此类方法包括,例如,在正常或递减的压力下在螺旋搅拌器、电磁搅拌器或类似仪器的搅拌下蒸发有机溶剂的方法,或在用旋转蒸发器或类似装置调节的真空度下蒸发有机溶剂的方法。
将所得微球离心或过滤分离,此后用蒸馏水洗涤数次以除去粘着在微球表面上的游离生物活性物质、羟萘甲酸、药物载体、乳化剂等,随后再分散在蒸馏水等中并冷冻干燥。
为了防止颗粒在制备过程中相互聚集,加入抗凝剂。所述抗凝剂例如是:水溶性多糖,如甘露糖醇、乳糖、葡萄糖和淀粉(例如玉米淀粉);氨基酸,如甘氨酸;和蛋白质,例如血纤蛋白和胶原。在这些物质中,优选甘露糖醇。
如果需要,冷冻干燥之后可以在减压下加热,在不引起微球相互粘着的条件下进一步除去微球中的水和有机溶剂。
当微球达到指定温度后,尽管加热时间依赖于微球的量及其它因素变化,但加热时间一般为约12小时-约168小时,优选约24小时-约120小时,更优选约48小时-约96小时。
可以采用任何能够均匀加热微球聚集体的加热方法。
适用的热干燥法包括,例如,在恒温室、流化床室、移动室或烘干炉中进行的热干燥方法,和用微波热干燥的方法。在这些方法中,优选在恒温室内进行的热干燥法。所得微球是相对均匀的球体并且在注射过程中能够阻力很小,因此针头不会发生堵塞。另外,可以采用薄注射针头来减轻注射时患者的疼痛感。
(V)一步法
将生物活性物质或其盐以符合上述生物活性物质含量范围内的重量比例加入到羟萘甲酸或其盐在有机溶剂中的溶液内,生成生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸的有机溶剂溶液,此后制备缓释制剂(微球或微粒)。
所述有机溶剂与段落(I)(i)所述的相同。当采用两种以上的有机溶剂作为混合溶剂时,混合物的比例与段落(I)(i)中所述的相同。
将含有生物活性物质的羟萘甲酸的有机溶剂溶液加入到水相中生成O(油相)/W(水相)乳剂,此后蒸发掉油相中的溶剂,生成微球。对于此操作,水相的体积一般是油相体积的约1倍-约10,000倍,优选约5倍-约5,000倍,并且更优选约10倍-约2,000倍。
可以在外部水相中加入上述乳化剂和渗透压调节剂,并且后继处理和上述段落(IV)所述的相同。
本发明的缓释组合物本身可以用于给药,或用其作为起始原料制备成不同的制剂形式,具体如经肌内、皮下、内脏给药的和其它注射制剂或植入剂,经鼻、直肠、子宫给药的和其它透皮制剂,口服制剂[例如固体制剂,例如胶囊(如硬胶囊、软胶囊),颗粒剂和粉剂;液体,例如糖浆剂,乳剂和混悬液]等。
例如,作为注射制剂,本发明的缓释组合物的制备可以通过采用分散剂(例如表面活性剂如吐温80和HCO-60,多糖如透明质酸钠、羧甲基纤维素和藻酸钠)、防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯)、等渗剂(例如氯化钠、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、葡萄糖、脯氨酸)等悬浮在水中生成水悬浮液,或通过分散在植物油如蓖麻油或玉米油中生成油悬浮液,由此得到适用的缓释注射制剂。
当本发明的缓释组合物以可注射悬浮液的形式使用时,其粒径应选择在满足分散度和穿过针头所需必要条件的范围内。例如,平均粒径一般为约0.1-300μm,优选约0.5-150μm,更优选1-100μm。
本发明的缓释组合物可以制成为无菌制剂,所用方法是:利用整个制备过程为无菌操作的方法,该方法采用γ射线灭菌;或利用加入防腐剂的方法;但不局限于这些方法。
由于毒性低,本发明的缓释组合物可以在哺乳动物(例如人体、牛、猪、狗、猫、小鼠、大鼠、兔子)中安全地用作药物等。
尽管活性组分生物活性物质的种类、含量和剂型、生物活性物质的释放时间、靶向疾病、被治疗动物的种属以及其它因素可能极其不同,但可以将缓释组合物的剂量设定在任何水平,条件是使生物活性物质有效。在一个月缓释制剂给药的情况中,活性组分-生物活性物质的给药剂量优选选自约0.01mg-10mg/kg体重/次/个成年人,更优选约0.05mg-5mg/kg体重/次/个成年人的范围。
所述缓释组合物的每次给药剂量优选选自约0.05mg-50mg/kg体重/成年人,更优选约0.1mg/kg-30mg/kg体重/成年人。
给药次数可以根据活性组分生物活性物质的种类、含量和剂型、生物活性物质的释放时间、靶向疾病、被治疗动物的种属以及其它因素作适当选自,例如数周1次,每1个月1次或数月1次(例如3个月、4个月、6个月)。
本发明的缓释组合物根据所含生物活性物质的不同可以作为用于治疗或预防多种疾病的有效药物。当生物活性物质是LH-RH衍生物时,本发明的缓释组合物可以作为治疗或预防激素依赖性疾病的有效药物,特别是性激素依赖性疾病,如性激素依赖性癌症(如前列腺癌、子宫癌、乳腺癌、垂体瘤等)、前列腺肥大、子宫内膜异位、子宫肌瘤、青春期早熟、痛经、经闭、经前综合征、多室性卵巢综合征。本发明的缓释组合物也适合作为避孕药,当用药后出现反弹作用时,本发明的缓释组合物是适合用于治疗或预防不育的药物。此外,本发明的缓释组合物适合用作治疗或预防非性激素依赖性但对LH-RH敏感的良性或恶性肿瘤。
[实施例]
本发明此后通过下列实施例更详细地进行描述,这些实施例不起限定作用。
实施例1
将3429.6mg N-(S)-四氢呋喃-2-甲酰基-Gly-D2Nal-D4ClPhe-D3Pal-Ser-NMeTyr-Dlys(Nic)-Leu-Lys(Nisp)-Pro-DAlaNH2(此后称作肽A)
(肽A的化学式)
和685.2mg的3-羟基-2-萘甲酸溶解在15ml乙醇中。利用旋转蒸发器将该溶液逐渐蒸馏,蒸除有机溶剂。再将残余物溶解在5.5ml二氯甲烷中并倾入400ml预先调至18℃的0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇(EG-40,由Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry生产)的水溶液中;用涡轮型均匀混合器在8000rpm下搅拌该溶液,生成O/W乳剂。将此O/W乳剂在室温下搅拌3小时以使二氯甲烷挥发并且固化油相,随后用离心机(05PR-22,Hitachi,Ltd.)在2000rpm下收集微球。将所得微球重新分散在蒸馏水中,离心,洗涤出游离药物等。将收集的微球再次分散在少量蒸馏水中,随后冷冻干燥,得到粉末。回收率为65%,微球中肽A的含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸/肽A的摩尔比例分别为75.4%和1.94。
实施例2
将1785.1mg肽A的乙酸盐和1370.4mg 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸溶解在15ml乙醇中。用旋转蒸发器逐渐蒸馏该溶液以蒸除有机溶剂。将该残余物重新溶解在10ml二氯甲烷中且倾入1000ml预先调至18℃的0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇水溶液中;按照与实施例1所述的相同方法得到微球。收率为58%,微球中肽A的含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸/肽A的摩尔比例分别为54.3%和6.15。
实施例3
将1800mg肽A的乙酸盐、173mg 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸和2g乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(乳酸/羟基乙酸=50/50(摩尔%),重均分子量为10100,数均分子量为5670,通过端基定量法测出的数均分子量为3720,Wakp Pure Chemical Industries生产)溶解在6ml二氯甲烷和0.2ml乙醇的混合液中。将该溶液倾入900ml预先调至18℃的0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇水溶液中并且用涡轮型均匀混合器在7000rpm下搅拌。将此O/W乳剂在室温下搅拌3小时以使二氯甲烷挥发并且固化油相,随后用离心机在2000rpm下收集微球。将所得微球重新分散在蒸馏水中,离心,洗涤出游离药物等。再将收集的微球分散在250mg甘露糖醇和少量蒸馏水中,随后冷冻干燥,得到粉末。收率为76%,微球中肽A的包合率为84.6%,并且微球中肽A的含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸/肽A的摩尔比例分别为34.7%和1.19。
实施例4
将1900mg肽A的乙酸盐、182mg 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸和1.9g乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(与实施例3中的相同)溶解在6ml二氯甲烷和0.2ml乙醇的混合液中。将该溶液倾入900ml预先调至18℃的含有5%甘露糖醇和0.05%L-精氨酸的0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇水溶液中;按照与实施例3所述的相同方法得到微球。收率为85%,微球中肽A的包合率为88.9%,并且微球中肽A的含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸/肽A的摩尔比例分别为38.6%和0.83。
实施例5
除了用乳酸/羟基乙酸含量比例为75/25(摩尔%)、重均分子量为10700且数均分子量为6100,通过端基定量法测定的数均分子量为3770的乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物代替实施例4中的乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物并且将二氯甲烷的用量变化为6.5ml以外,按照与实施例4相同的方式制得微球。收率为87%,微球中肽A的包合率为88.3%,并且微球中肽A的含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸/肽A的摩尔比例分别为38.3%和0.92。
实施例6
向溶于7.2ml二氯甲烷中的1800mg肽A乙酸盐和1.8g乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(乳酸/羟基乙酸=50/50(摩尔%),重均分子量为12700,数均分子量为7090,通过端基定量法测出的数均分子量为4780,WakpPure Chemical Industries生产)溶液中,加入溶于2.3ml水中的196mg 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸钠盐的溶液,随后用均匀混合器乳化,得到W/O乳剂。将该乳剂倾入800ml预先调至18℃的含有5%甘露糖醇的0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇水溶液中,并且用涡轮型均匀混合器在7000rpm下搅拌,生成W/O/W乳剂。按照与实施例3所述的相同方法得到微球。收率为79%,微球中肽A的包合率为81.2%,并且微球中肽A的含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸/肽A的摩尔比例分别为32.8%和0.91。
试验实施例1
将约40mg实施例1和2分别制得的微球,或约60mg实施例3-5分别制得的微球分散在0.5ml分散剂(含有0.25mg羧甲基纤维素、0.5mg聚山梨酸酯80和25mg甘露糖醇的蒸馏水,全部溶解)中,并且用22G注射针头皮下给药至8-10周龄的雄性SD大鼠背部。给药后,处死各大鼠,采集残留在给药部位的微球并且分析肽A的含量。结果如表1所示。
表1
第1天 第1周 第2周 第3周 第4周
实施例1 73% 30% 11% 6% 6%
实施例2 85% 37% 9% 1%
实施例3 70% 31% 14% 9%
实施例4 77% 29% 11% 10% 6%
实施例5 81% 44% 25% 17% 13%
实施例1和2的试验结果证明,在含有双组份,即肽A和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的微球中肽A的释放速率随两种组份的比例的不同而改变;当3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的含量增高时,肽A释放速率增快。另外,实施例3、4和5的试验结果证实,由三种组份,即上述两种组份和乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物组成的微球显示出不同于由两种组份组成的微球的释放性能。另外还表明,通过组合不同的乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物组成和重均分子量可以调控微球的释放行为。实施例7和参照实施例1的结果证明,3-羟基-2-萘甲酸提高了微球中肽B的含量。
实施例7
将溶于0.8ml蒸馏水中的0.8g 5-氧代-Pro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-DLeu-Leu-Arg-Pro-NH-C2H5(此后称作肽B)的溶液与溶于由5ml二氯甲烷和0.3ml乙醇组成的混合有机溶剂中的3.08g DL-乳酸聚合物(重均分子量36000,数均分子量18000,基于标记定量法测定的羧基含量为70.4μmol/g)和0.12g 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的溶液混合,并且在均匀混合器中乳化该混合物生成W/O乳剂。将该W/O乳剂注入800ml预先调至18℃的0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇(EG-40,The Nippon SyntheticChemical Industry生产)的水溶液中,并且用涡轮型均匀混合器在7000rpm下搅拌,生成W/O/W乳剂。在室温下将该W/O/W乳剂搅拌3小时以挥发或扩散外部水相中的二氯甲烷和乙醇,从而固化油相,此后将油相通过75μm孔径的筛子过筛,此后在离心机(05PR-22,Hitachi,Ltd.)中在2000rpm下离心5分钟以沉降出微囊,收集所得微囊。再将该微囊分散在蒸馏水中,离心,洗涤掉游离药物等,并且收集微囊。再将微囊分散在少量加入的蒸馏水中,进而冷冻干燥。微囊的收率为46%,微囊的肽B含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸含量分别为21.3%和2.96%。肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的包合效率(由其实际含量除以各自的加入量来计算)分别为106.6%和98.6%。
实施例8
将1.2g肽B乙酸盐溶于1.2ml蒸馏水中的溶液与溶于由7.5ml二氯甲烷和0.45ml乙醇组成的混合有机溶剂中的4.62g DL-乳酸聚合物(重均分子量25200,数均分子量12800,基于标记定量法测定的羧基含量为62.5μmol/g)和0.18g 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的溶液相混合,并且在均匀混合器中乳化该混合物,生成W/O乳剂。将该W/O乳剂注入1200ml预先调至15℃的0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇(EG-40,TheNippon Synthetic Chemical Industry生产)的水溶液中,并且用涡轮型均匀混合器在7000rpm下搅拌,生成W/O/W乳剂。在室温下将该W/O/W乳剂搅拌3小时以挥发或扩散外部水相中的二氯甲烷和乙醇,从而固化油相,此后将油相通过75μm孔径的筛子过筛,此后在离心机(05PR-22,Hitachi,Ltd.)中在2000rpm下离心5分钟以沉降出微囊,收集所得微囊。再将该微囊分散在蒸馏水中,离心,洗涤掉游离药物等,并且收集微囊。再将微囊分散在少量蒸馏水中,加入0.3g甘露糖醇且溶解,进而冷冻干燥得到粉末。通过减去所加甘露糖醇的量测定出微囊的收率为55.2%,微囊的肽B含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸含量分别为21.3%和2.96%。肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的包合效率(由其实际含量除以各自的加入量来计算)分别为99.7%和102.2%。
实施例9
除了用另一种DL-乳酸聚合物(重均分子量为28800,数均分子量为14500,基于标记定量法测定的羧基含量为78.1μmol/g)代替实施例8中的DL-乳酸聚合物以外,按照与实施例8相同的方式制得微囊粉末。通过减去所加甘露糖醇的量测定出微囊的收率为50.2%,微囊的肽B含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸含量分别为20.8%和2.78%。肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的包合效率(由其实际含量除以各自的加入量来计算)分别为103.4%和92.7%。
对比实施例1
将1.2g肽B乙酸盐溶于1.2ml蒸馏水中的溶液与溶于由7.8ml二氯甲烷中的4.8g实施例9所述相同的DL-乳酸聚合物的溶液混合,并且将该混合物注入1200ml预先调至15℃的0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇(EG-40,The Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry生产)的水溶液中,并且用涡轮型均匀混合器在7000rpm下搅拌,生成W/O/W乳剂。按照与实施例8相同的方式处理该W/O/W乳剂生成微囊粉末。通过减去所加甘露糖醇的量测定出微囊的收率为53.6%,微囊的肽B含量为12.1%。肽B的包合效率(由其实际含量除以加入量来计算)为60.6%,该包合效率比实施例9的小得多。所以显然,通过加入3-羟基-2-萘甲酸可以提高肽B的包合效率。
实施例10
将1.00g肽B乙酸盐溶于1.00ml蒸馏水中的溶液与溶于由7.5ml二氯甲烷和0.4ml乙醇组成的混合有机溶剂中的3.85g DL-乳酸聚合物(重均分子量49500,数均分子量17500,基于标记定量法测定的羧基含量为45.9μmol/g)和0.15g 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的溶液相混合,并且在均匀混合器中乳化该混合物,生成W/O乳剂。除了将0.1%(w/w)的聚乙烯醇的水溶液的用量和甘露糖醇的加入量分别改变为1000ml和0.257g以外,按照与实施例8中的相同方式处理该W/O乳剂,得到微囊粉末。通过减去所加甘露糖醇的量测定出微囊的收率为53.8%,微囊的肽B含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸含量分别为18.02%和2.70%。肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的包合效率(由其实际含量除以各自的加入量来计算)分别为90.1%和90.1%。
实施例11
将1.202g肽B乙酸盐溶于1.20ml蒸馏水中的溶液与溶于由7.5ml二氯甲烷和0.45ml乙醇组成的混合有机溶剂中的4.619g DL-乳酸聚合物(重均分子量19900,数均分子量10700,基于标记定量法测定的羧基含量为104.6μmol/g)和0.179g 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的溶液相混合,并且在均匀混合器中乳化该混合物,生成W/O乳剂。除了将甘露糖醇的加入量改变为0.303g以外,按照与实施例8中的相同方式处理该W/O乳剂,得到微囊粉末。通过减去所加甘露糖醇的量测定出微囊的收率为61.4%,微囊的肽B含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸含量分别为15.88%和2.23%。肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的包合效率(由其实际含量除以各自的加入量来计算)分别为77.75%和75.05%。
实施例12
将1.00g肽B乙酸盐溶于1.00ml蒸馏水中的溶液与溶于由5.5ml二氯甲烷和0.35ml乙醇组成的混合有机溶剂中的3.85g DL-乳酸聚合物(重均分子量25900,数均分子量7100,基于标记定量法测定的羧基含量为98.2μmol/g)和0.15g 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的溶液相混合,并且在均匀混合器中乳化该混合物,生成W/O乳剂。按照与实施例7中的相同方式处理该W/O乳剂,得到微囊粉末。微囊的收率为48.8%,微囊的肽B含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸含量分别为21.31%和2.96%。肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的包合效率(由其实际含量除以各自的加入量来计算)分别为106.5%和98.7%。
对比实施例2
将1.00g肽B乙酸盐溶于1.00ml蒸馏水中的溶液与溶于由5ml二氯甲烷中4.00g与实施例12所述相同的DL-乳酸聚合物的溶液混合,并且在均匀混合器中乳化该混合物生成W/O乳剂。按照与实施例7相同的方式处理该W/O乳剂生成微囊粉末。微囊的收率为48.7%,微囊的肽B含量为11.41%。肽B的包合效率(由其实际含量除以各自的加入量来计算)为57.1%,该包合效率比实施例12的低得多。显然,通过加入3-羟基-2-萘甲酸可以提高肽B的包合效率。
实施例13
将溶于115.3g二氯甲烷中的89.2gDL-乳酸聚合物(重均分子量30600,数均分子量14400,基于标记定量法测定的羧基含量为63.0μmol/g)的溶液与3.45g溶于由38.8g二氯甲烷和6.27g乙醇组成的混合有机溶剂中的溶液相混合,并且将该混合物调至28.5℃。从该有机溶剂溶液中称出224g并与22.3g肽B乙酸盐溶于20ml蒸馏水中的预热至44.9℃的水溶液相混合,生成粗品乳剂,随后在均匀混合器中在10000rpm下乳化5分钟生成W/O乳剂。将该乳剂冷却至16.3℃,并且在5分钟内注入到20L预先调至15℃的0.1%(w/w)聚乙烯醇(EG-40,The Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry生产)的水溶液中,用HOMOMIC LINE FLOW(Tokushu Kika生产)在7000rpm下搅拌,生产W/O/W乳剂。在15℃下将该W/O/W乳剂搅拌3小时以挥发或扩散外部水相中的二氯甲烷和乙醇,从而固化油相,此后将油相通过75μm孔径的筛子过筛,此后在离心机(H-600S,Kokusan Enshinke生产)中在2000rpm下离心以连续沉降出微囊,收集所得微囊。再将所得微囊分散在少量蒸馏水中,随后通过90μm孔径的筛子,冷冻干燥,生成粉末。通过减去所加甘露糖醇的量测定出微囊的收率为66.5%,微囊的肽B含量和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸含量分别为22.3%和2.99%。肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的包合效率(由其实际含量除以各自的加入量来计算)分别为104.5%和102.1%。
实验实施例2
将存在于0.3ml分散剂(含有O.15mg羧甲基纤维素、0.3mg聚山梨酸酯80和15mg甘露糖醇的蒸馏水,全部溶解)中的约45mg实施例8所述微囊的分散体用22G注射针头皮下给药至7周龄的雄性SD大鼠的背部。在指定的时间间隔后处死大鼠,采集残留在给药部位的微球并且定量分析肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸。通过将分析数据除以各自的初始含量计算出保留率,所用DL-乳酸聚合物的性能如表2所示。
表2
实施例8所述微囊DL-乳酸聚合物的特征
Mw(Da) 25200
[COOH](μmol/g聚合物) 62.5
保留率:
肽B 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸
1天 93.1% 91.0%
2周 84.2% 54.1%
4周 75.7% 34.5%
8周 63.0% 5.1%
12周 46.9% 0.0%
16周 31.7% 0.0%
20周 24.0% 0.0%
如表2所示,尽管生物活性物质的含量很高,但给药后1天时,实施例8所述微囊的生物活性物质的保留率不小于90%。因此表明,3-羟基-2-萘甲酸不但有效地使生物活性物质能够以高含量混合在缓释制剂内,而且还可以很好地抑制了生物活性物质的初始急剧释放。这种微囊能够在很长的时间内以恒定速率释放出生物活性物质。此外,虽然微囊内的3-羟基-2-萘甲酸在12周后被全部消除,但生物活性物质仍能保持相同的释放速率,这证明了缓释制剂的功效。
实验实施例3
按照与实验实施例2相同的方式将实施例7和实施例9-12及对比实施例1所得的微囊给药且回收,对其中的肽B定量。通过将测定结果除以各自的初始含量计算出保留率,DL-乳酸聚合物的性能如表3所示。
表3
DL-乳酸聚合物的特征
实施例7 实施例9 实施例10 实施例11 实施例12 对比实施
例1
Mw(Da)
36000 28800 49500 19900 25900 28800
[COOH] (μmol/g聚合物)
70.4 78.1 45.9 104.6 98.2 78.1
保留率
1天 92.9% 94.6% 93.0% 92.3% 89.4% 83.1%
2周 82.2% 82.2% 80.4% 37.5% 34.3% 73.0%
4周 69.6% 69.2% 58.3% 30.7% 29.7% 65.3%
8周 62.1% 56.0% 36.6% 24.6% 20.8%
12周 47.9% 39.4% 30.8% 18.6%
16周 32.2% 28.0%
20周 (未测定) 22.9%
24周 11.6%
28周 4.1%
如表2和3所示,与对比实施例1比较,给药后1天时,实施例7-12中所述微囊表现出较高的等于或大于约90%的保留率。3-羟基-2-萘甲酸不但有效地使生物活性物质能够以高含量混合在缓释制剂内,而且还可以很好地抑制生物活性物质的初始急剧释放。选用了实施例7-9所示微囊的实验具体证明,当采用的DL-乳酸具有重均分子量约20000-约50000并且羧基含量约50-90μmol/g(通过标记定量发测定)时,能够使生物活性物质在很长时间内以恒定速率释放。
实验实施例4
利用实验实施例2所述方法将实施例7所得的微囊皮下给药给大鼠,收集血样,并且测定血清中肽B和睾酮的浓度。结果如表4所示。
表4
12周 16周 24周 26周 28周
肽B(ng/ml) 1.10 1.65 1.46 2.73 1.30
睾酮(ng/ml) 0.18 0.45 0.68 0.41 0.71
如表4所示,给药后生物活性物质的血液浓度在28周内保持在恒定水平,这意味着生物活性物质在28周内持续由微囊中释放出来。在此期间,药理学活性的睾酮浓度始终被抑制在正常水平以下,甚至当制剂中含有3-羟基-2-萘甲酸时,生物活性物质在很长时间内在不丧失其活性的条件下稳定存在于微囊内且由该微囊释放出来。
实施例14
将0.5N氢氧化钠/甲醇混合物(v/v)的水溶液通过强碱性离子交换柱(SeP-Pak Plus QMA Cartridge,WATERS公司生产)以除去氯离子。当流出液对加入用硝酸酸化的硝酸银(显示白色混浊)不产生反应时,将水/甲醇混合物(v/v=1/5)通过该柱,以消除过量的碱。在确定洗脱液为中性后,将18.8mg肽B的乙酸盐溶解在2ml水/甲醇混合物(v/v=1/5)中且通过按照上述方法预处理的柱。将此流出液和单独6ml混合物通过该柱的另一份流出液合并;将该混合物与溶于1ml水/甲醇混合物(v/v=1/5)中的5.91mg 3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的溶液相混合,随后用旋转蒸发器浓缩。当混合物中形成白色混浊时,加入2ml水,随后搅拌。离心后(3000rpm,20℃,15分钟),除去上清液,在用水洗涤数次后,将沉淀真空干燥(40℃,过夜),得到4.09mg的肽B的3-羟基-2-萘甲酸盐。
向该盐中加入0.5ml水,随后在室温下搅拌4小时,经0.2μm滤纸过滤该液体且通过HPLC定量。肽B和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的浓度分别为2.37g/l和0.751g/l。在搅拌后仍有部分盐未溶解;上述数值被假设为表示肽B的3-羟基-2-萘甲酸盐在水中的溶解度,该溶解度比肽B乙酸盐在水中的溶解度(不小于1000g/l)低,不超过其1/100。这证明了肽B的3-羟基-2-萘甲酸盐可以用作肽B的缓释制剂。
[发明的效果]
本发明的缓释组合物含有高含量的生物活性物质,并且能够控制其释放速率。
Claims (15)
1.含有由下列通式I或通式II表示的促黄体素释放激素衍生物或其盐、3-羟基-2-萘甲酸或其盐和乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物或其盐的缓释组合物:
X-D2Nal-D4ClPhe-D3Pal-Ser-A-B-Leu-C-Pro-DAlaNH2 [I]
其中,D2Nal表示D-3-(2-萘基)丙氨酸残基,D4ClPhe表示D-3-(4-氯)苯基丙氨酸残基,D3Pal表示D-3-(3-吡啶基)丙氨酸残基,X表示N-四氢呋喃甲酰基甘氨酸残基或N-乙酰基;A表示选自N-甲基酪氨酸、Tyr、N-[5′-(3′-氨基-1′H-1′,2′,4′-三唑基)]苯基丙氨酸和N-甲基-[5′-(3′-氨基-1′H-1′,2′,4′-三唑基)]苯基丙氨酸的残基;B表示选自D-(e-N-烟酰基)赖氨酸、D-瓜氨酸、D-(氮杂甘氨酰基烟酰基)赖氨酸、D-(氮杂甘氨酰基呋喃基)赖氨酸、D-(N,N′-二乙基)高精氨酸、D-N-[5′-(3′-氨基-1′H-1′,2′,4′-三唑基)]苯基丙氨酸和D-高瓜氨酸的残基;C表示(e-N-异丙基)赖氨酸残基、Arg或(N,N′-二甲基)高精氨酸残基,或者
5-氧代-Pro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Y-Leu-Arg-Pro-Z [II]
其中,Y表示选自DLeu、DAla、DTrp、O-叔丁基-D-丝氨酸、D-3-(2-萘基)丙氨酸和Nim-苄基-D-组氨酸的残基;Z表示NH2-C2H5、Gly-NH2,
其中,以每1摩尔促黄体素释放激素衍生物或其盐计,3-羟基-2-萘甲酸或其盐的用量为1/2至2摩尔,乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物中,乳酸和羟基乙酸的摩尔含量比例是100/0-40/60,游离羧基含量为20-1000微摩尔/g聚合物,并且聚合物的重均分子量为3000-50000。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓释组合物,乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物中,其中乳酸和羟基乙酸的摩尔含量比例是100/0。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缓释组合物,其中所述聚合物的重均分子量是20,000-50,000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缓释组合物,其中所述聚合物的游离羧基含量是50-90微摩尔/g聚合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的缓释组合物,其中所述3-羟基-2-萘甲酸或其盐与所述的促黄体素释放激素衍生物或其盐的摩尔比是3∶4-4∶3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的缓释组合物,其中所述的促黄体素释放激素衍生物或其盐的含量相对于所述三种组分之和以重量计是14%-24%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的缓释组合物,其为一种注射制剂。
8.一种用于制备权利要求1所述缓释组合物的方法,该方法包括从如权利要求1定义的促黄体素释放激素衍生物或其盐、乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物或其盐和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸或其盐的混合物中除去溶剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,该方法包括将如权利要求1定义的促黄体素释放激素衍生物或其盐混合且分散在含有乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物或其盐和3-羟基-2-萘甲酸或其盐的有机溶剂中,随后除去有机溶剂。
10.根据权利要求9的制备方法,其中所述的促黄体素释放激素衍生物为其水溶液形式。
11.根据权利要求8的制备方法,其中所述的促黄体素释放激素衍生物的盐是与游离碱或酸形成的盐。
12.一种含有权利要求1所述缓释组合物的药物组合物。
13.权利要求1所述的缓释组合物用于制备预防或治疗前列腺癌、前列腺肥大、子宫内膜异位、子宫肌瘤、子宫纤维瘤、青春期早熟、痛经或避孕的药物的用途。
14.抑制如权利要求1定义的促黄体素释放激素衍生物从缓释组合物初始急剧释放的方法,该方法包括利用3-羟基-2-萘甲酸或其盐。
15.提高缓释组合物内如权利要求1定义的促黄体素释放激素衍生物包合效率的方法,该方法包括采用3-羟基-2-萘甲酸或其盐。
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1999
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- 1999-01-13 RU RU2000121545/15A patent/RU2230550C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-13 PL PL99341733A patent/PL341733A1/xx unknown
- 1999-01-13 AU AU18897/99A patent/AU758596B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-13 SK SK1027-2000A patent/SK10272000A3/sk unknown
- 1999-01-13 EP EP99900300A patent/EP1048301A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-01-13 NZ NZ505651A patent/NZ505651A/en unknown
- 1999-01-13 WO PCT/JP1999/000086 patent/WO1999036099A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-13 CN CNB998021148A patent/CN1199686C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-13 BR BR9906903-2A patent/BR9906903A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-13 IL IL13695199A patent/IL136951A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-13 TR TR2000/02059T patent/TR200002059T2/xx unknown
- 1999-01-13 KR KR1020007007533A patent/KR100577877B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-13 US US09/582,926 patent/US6740634B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-13 HU HU0100221A patent/HUP0100221A3/hu unknown
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2000
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- 2000-07-11 IS IS5560A patent/IS5560A/is unknown
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- 2000-07-14 OA OA1200000208A patent/OA11446A/en unknown
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2004
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HUP0100221A3 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
NZ505651A (en) | 2003-08-29 |
IS5560A (is) | 2000-07-11 |
NO20003530D0 (no) | 2000-07-07 |
HUP0100221A2 (hu) | 2001-06-28 |
KR100577877B1 (ko) | 2006-05-09 |
OA11446A (en) | 2004-04-30 |
IL136951A0 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
AU758596B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
PL341733A1 (en) | 2001-05-07 |
SK10272000A3 (sk) | 2001-01-18 |
RU2230550C2 (ru) | 2004-06-20 |
BR9906903A (pt) | 2000-12-12 |
US6740634B1 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
CA2316273A1 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
NO20003530L (no) | 2000-09-14 |
WO1999036099A8 (fr) | 1999-11-18 |
US20050025826A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
EP1048301A4 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
WO1999036099A1 (fr) | 1999-07-22 |
EP1048301A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
CN1288387A (zh) | 2001-03-21 |
TR200002059T2 (tr) | 2001-01-22 |
HRP20000471A2 (en) | 2000-12-31 |
US7388032B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 |
AU1889799A (en) | 1999-08-02 |
KR20010033949A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
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