CN118703958B - Surface Treatment Technology of Stainless Steel Kitchenware - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of stainless steel treatment, in particular to a surface treatment process of stainless steel kitchen ware, which comprises the following steps: step 1, soaking a stainless steel substrate into alkali liquor, performing ultrasonic treatment, taking out, placing in distilled water for cleaning, and drying to obtain a stainless steel first treated object; step 2, placing the first treated stainless steel object into the mixed acid solution, soaking, taking out, placing into distilled water for cleaning, and drying to obtain a second treated stainless steel object; and step 3, coating the second treated stainless steel by using zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres as a target material by using a magnetron sputtering method, thereby obtaining the stainless steel kitchen ware after surface treatment. The invention discloses a novel surface treatment process of stainless steel kitchen ware, and the treated stainless steel kitchen ware has more excellent strength, toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance compared with the products on the market at present.

Description

Surface Treatment Technology of Stainless Steel Kitchenware

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of stainless steel processing, in particular to a surface processing technology for stainless steel kitchenware.

Background Art

Stainless steel has unique strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, rust resistance, cleanliness and other excellent properties, and is used in various fields, such as food manufacturing, daily necessities, and household appliances. Stainless steel kitchenware is widely used in our daily lives, including but not limited to: stainless steel tableware, stainless steel knives, stainless steel cooking utensils, stainless steel pots, and stainless steel spatulas. They have good thermal conductivity, can evenly heat ingredients, cook delicious dishes, have unique strength, and can effectively cut food, making them an indispensable tool in the kitchen.

However, due to problems with the craftsmanship and raw materials, the strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of stainless steel kitchen utensils on the market are slightly insufficient. They are easily deformed in high temperature environments, easily worn by scratches, and easily corroded by other materials. Therefore, they need to be frequently replaced or ground for maintenance, which increases the cost of use.

Summary of the invention

In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, and applicable stainless steel kitchenware includes but is not limited to stainless steel tableware, stainless steel knives, stainless steel cooking utensils, stainless steel pots, and stainless steel spatulas.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware comprises the following steps:

Step 1, immersing the stainless steel substrate in an alkaline solution, ultrasonically treating it, taking it out and washing it in distilled water, and drying it to obtain a first treated stainless steel substrate;

Step 2, then placing the first treated stainless steel object in a mixed acid solution, soaking it, taking it out, washing it in distilled water, and drying it to obtain a second treated stainless steel object;

Step 3: The second treated stainless steel object is coated with zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres as a target material by magnetron sputtering, thereby obtaining a surface-treated stainless steel kitchenware.

Preferably, in step 1, the material model of the stainless steel substrate is one of 304, 304L, 316, 316L, and 1.4116.

Preferably, in step 1, the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 5%-15%, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-20 minutes.

Preferably, in step 2, the mixed acid solution is a mixed solution of 5% by mass hydrofluoric acid and 20% by mass nitric acid, and the immersion treatment time is 20-30 minutes.

Preferably, in the step 3, during the magnetron sputtering (Physical Vapor Deposition, PVD) treatment process, a high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering device is used for coating treatment, and the coating process includes:

(1) First, place the second stainless steel treatment object in the chamber of the magnetron sputtering apparatus, then evacuate the chamber to a pressure of (3-5)×10 ^-3 Pa, raise the temperature to 450-500°C and treat for 30-50 minutes;

(2) Introduce rare gas into the chamber as protective gas, the flow rate of rare gas is 20-40mL/min, the pressure is 0.5-0.8Pa, the bias voltage is set to 0.6-1kV, and the glow cleaning process is performed for 15-20min;

(3) The chamber pressure is reduced to 0.3-0.5 Pa, the temperature is 500-550 ° C, the workpiece speed is 3-6 r/min, zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres are used as targets, the control power is 3.2-5.8 kW, the peak pulse voltage is 0.5-0.8 kV, and the coating is processed by DC magnetron sputtering;

(4) After the coating is completed, stop the machine and cool it down to room temperature to obtain the surface-treated stainless steel kitchenware.

Preferably, the surface coating thickness of the surface treated stainless steel kitchenware is 0.6-2.8 μm.

Preferably, the method for preparing the zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres comprises:

S1. Weigh ethanolic niobium and deionized water, mix them in a container, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a niobium source solution; weigh sodium selenite and deionized water, mix them, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a selenium source solution;

S2, adding the niobium source solution into the selenium source solution, then adding zirconium carbide particles, dropping hydrazine hydrate, and mixing thoroughly to obtain a mixed reaction solution;

S3. Place the mixed reaction liquid in a reaction device, and perform microwave treatment for reaction. After the reaction is completed, adjust the pH value of the reaction liquid to 7, and then filter and collect the solid. After washing and drying in sequence, zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres are obtained.

Preferably, in S1, in the niobium source solution, the mass ratio of niobium ethanol to deionized water is 0.32-0.64:5-10; in the selenium source solution, the mass ratio of sodium selenite to deionized water is 0.36-0.72:5-10.

Preferably, in S2, the mass ratio of zirconium carbide particles, niobium source solution and selenium source solution is 1:5-10:5-10.

Preferably, in S2, the amount of hydrazine hydrate added is 5%-15% of the mass of the niobium source solution.

Preferably, in S2, the zirconium carbide particles are spherical and have a particle size of 300-500 nm.

Preferably, in S3, the temperature of the microwave treatment is 80-120° C., the power is 400-800 W, and the treatment time is 12-24 h.

Preferably, in S3, the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted using a 0.5-1 mol/L citric acid aqueous solution.

Preferably, in S3, washing is performed sequentially by alcohol washing and water washing, the alcohol washing is performed at least three times using anhydrous ethanol, and the water washing is performed at least three times using distilled water; and drying is vacuum drying.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention discloses a new surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware. Compared with the products currently on the market, the treated stainless steel kitchenware has better strength, toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

2. The present invention sequentially performs alkaline solution ultrasonic treatment and acid solution immersion treatment on the stainless steel substrate before coating. The purpose of alkaline solution ultrasonic treatment is to remove oil, and the purpose of acid solution immersion is to roughen the surface of the stainless steel substrate material, so as to improve the adhesion of the surface of the subsequent coating.

3. The present invention utilizes magnetron sputtering to coat the surface of stainless steel kitchenware. The coating material is zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres. The microspheres use zirconium carbide particles as a matrix. Niobium selenide is generated in situ on the surface of zirconium carbide through a hydrothermal microwave reaction, thereby obtaining zirconium carbide microspheres coated with niobium selenide.

4. The present invention magnetron sputters zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres onto the surface of stainless steel kitchenware, which not only enhances the hardness and toughness of the stainless steel kitchenware material, but also enhances its corrosion resistance and wear resistance, so that the stainless steel kitchenware made by this process can more easily cope with more special environments, such as materials with strong acidity and alkalinity, and stainless steel knives can be used to chop harder food.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solution of the present invention is described below through specific examples. It should be understood that the one or more method steps mentioned in the present invention do not exclude the existence of other method steps before and after the combination step or the insertion of other method steps between these explicitly mentioned steps; it should also be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, unless otherwise specified, the numbering of each method step is only a convenient tool for identifying each method step, and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of each method step or to limit the scope of the present invention. The change or adjustment of the relative relationship thereof shall also be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

In order to better understand the above technical scheme, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to enable the scope of the present invention to be fully communicated to those skilled in the art.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the following examples.

Example 1

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware comprises the following steps:

Step 1, immersing a stainless steel 304L substrate having a size of 10 cm×8 cm×0.2 cm in a sodium hydroxide solution having a mass fraction of 10%, ultrasonically treating the substrate for 15 minutes, taking the substrate out and washing it in distilled water, and drying the substrate to obtain a first treated stainless steel substrate;

Step 2, then placing the first treated stainless steel object in a mixed solution consisting of 5% by mass hydrofluoric acid and 20% by mass nitric acid, soaking for 25 minutes, taking it out and washing it in distilled water, and drying it to obtain the second treated stainless steel object;

Step 3: The stainless steel second treatment object is subjected to magnetron sputtering (PVD) coating using zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres as a target material using a high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering apparatus. The coating process includes: (1) first placing the stainless steel second treatment object in the chamber of the magnetron sputtering apparatus, and then evacuating the chamber to a pressure of 4×10 ^-3 Pa, and heat to 500℃ for 40min; (2) introduce argon as protective gas into the chamber, with a flow rate of 30mL/min, until the pressure reaches 0.6Pa, set the bias voltage to 0.8kV, and perform glow cleaning for 20min; (3) reduce the chamber pressure to 0.4Pa, the temperature to 500℃, the workbench speed to 5r/min, use zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres as the target material, control the power to 4.6kW, and the peak pulse voltage to 0.6kV, and perform coating by DC magnetron sputtering; (4) stop the machine after coating is completed, and cool to room temperature to obtain stainless steel kitchenware with a surface coating thickness of 1.5μm.

The preparation method of zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres includes:

S1. Weigh ethanolic niobium and deionized water, mix them in a container, the mass ratio of ethanolic niobium to deionized water is 0.48:10, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a niobium source solution; weigh sodium selenite and deionized water, mix them, the mass ratio of sodium selenite to deionized water is 0.54:10, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a selenium source solution;

S2, adding the niobium source solution to the selenium source solution, and then adding zirconium carbide spherical particles with a particle size of 300-500 nm (purity> 99%), the mass ratio of zirconium carbide particles, niobium source solution and selenium source solution is 1:6:6, and dropping hydrazine hydrate of 10% of the mass of the niobium source solution, after fully mixing, to obtain a mixed reaction solution;

S3. Place the mixed reaction liquid in a reaction device and perform microwave treatment reaction at a temperature of 100°C, a power of 600 W, and a treatment time of 18 h. After the reaction, use 0.5 mol/L citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH of the reaction liquid to 7, and then filter and collect the solid, wash it with anhydrous ethanol for at least three times, and then wash it with distilled water for at least three times, and vacuum dry it to obtain zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres.

Example 2

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware comprises the following steps:

Step 1, immersing a stainless steel 304L substrate in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 5%, ultrasonically treating it for 20 minutes, taking it out and washing it in distilled water, and drying it to obtain a first treated stainless steel product;

Step 2, then placing the first treated stainless steel object in a mixed solution consisting of 5% by mass hydrofluoric acid and 20% by mass nitric acid, soaking for 20 minutes, taking it out and washing it in distilled water, and drying it to obtain the second treated stainless steel object;

Step 3: The second stainless steel object is subjected to magnetron sputtering (PVD) coating using zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres (prepared in the same manner as in Example 1) as a target material using a high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering apparatus. The coating process includes: (1) first placing the second stainless steel object in a chamber of the magnetron sputtering apparatus, and then evacuating the chamber to a pressure of 3×10 ^-3 Pa, heat to 450℃ and treat for 50min; (2) introduce helium as protective gas into the chamber, the flow rate of helium is 20mL/min, until the pressure is 0.5Pa, set the bias voltage to 0.6kV, and perform glow cleaning for 15min; (3) reduce the chamber pressure to 0.3Pa, the temperature to 500℃, the workbench speed to 3r/min, use zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres as target materials, control power to 3.2kW, peak pulse voltage to 0.5kV, and perform coating by DC magnetron sputtering; (4) stop the machine after coating is completed, and cool to room temperature to obtain stainless steel kitchenware with a surface coating thickness of 0.6μm.

Example 3

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware comprises the following steps:

Step 1, immersing a stainless steel 304L substrate in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 15%, ultrasonically treating it for 10 minutes, taking it out and washing it in distilled water, and drying it to obtain a first treated stainless steel product;

Step 2, then placing the first treated stainless steel object in a mixed solution consisting of 5% by mass hydrofluoric acid and 20% by mass nitric acid, soaking for 30 minutes, taking it out and washing it in distilled water, and drying it to obtain the second treated stainless steel object;

Step 3: The second stainless steel object is subjected to magnetron sputtering (PVD) coating using zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres (prepared in the same manner as in Example 1) as a target material using a high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering apparatus. The coating process includes: (1) first placing the second stainless steel object in a chamber of the magnetron sputtering apparatus, and then evacuating the chamber to a pressure of 5×10 ^-3 Pa, heat to 500℃ and treat for 30min; (2) introduce neon gas as protective gas into the chamber, the neon flow rate is 40mL/min, until the pressure is 0.8Pa, set the bias voltage to 1kV, and perform glow cleaning for 20min; (3) reduce the chamber pressure to 0.5Pa, the temperature to 550℃, the workbench speed to 6r/min, use zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres as target materials, control power to 5.8kW, peak pulse voltage to 0.8kV, and perform coating by DC magnetron sputtering; (4) stop the machine after coating is completed, and cool to room temperature to obtain stainless steel kitchenware with a surface coating thickness of 2.8μm.

Example 4

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which is different from Example 1 only in that the preparation method of zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres is different.

The preparation method of zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres includes:

S1. Weigh ethanolic niobium and deionized water, mix them in a container, the mass ratio of ethanolic niobium to deionized water is 0.32:5, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a niobium source solution; weigh sodium selenite and deionized water, mix them, the mass ratio of sodium selenite to deionized water is 0.36:5, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a selenium source solution;

S2, adding the niobium source solution to the selenium source solution, and then adding spherical zirconium carbide particles with a particle size of 300-500 nm, the mass ratio of the zirconium carbide particles, the niobium source solution and the selenium source solution is 1:5:5, and dropping 5% of hydrazine hydrate by mass of the niobium source solution, after fully mixing, to obtain a mixed reaction solution;

S3. Place the mixed reaction liquid in a reaction device and perform microwave treatment at 80°C, 400W, and 24h. After the reaction, adjust the pH value of the reaction liquid to 7 with 0.5mol/L citric acid aqueous solution. Then filter and collect the solid, wash it at least three times with anhydrous ethanol, and then wash it at least three times with distilled water, and dry it in vacuum to obtain zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres.

Example 5

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which is different from Example 1 only in that the preparation method of zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres is different.

The preparation method of zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres includes:

S1. Weigh ethanolic niobium and deionized water, mix them in a container, the mass ratio of ethanolic niobium to deionized water is 0.64:10, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a niobium source solution; weigh sodium selenite and deionized water, mix them, the mass ratio of sodium selenite to deionized water is 0.72:10, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a selenium source solution;

S2, adding the niobium source solution to the selenium source solution, and then adding spherical zirconium carbide particles with a particle size of 300-500 nm, the mass ratio of the zirconium carbide particles, the niobium source solution and the selenium source solution is 1:10:10, and dropping 15% of hydrazine hydrate by mass of the niobium source solution, after fully mixing, to obtain a mixed reaction solution;

S3. Place the mixed reaction liquid in a reaction device and perform microwave treatment at a temperature of 120°C, a power of 800 W, and a treatment time of 12 h. After the reaction, adjust the pH value of the reaction liquid to 7 using a 1 mol/L citric acid aqueous solution. Then filter and collect the solid, wash it at least three times with anhydrous ethanol, then wash it at least three times with distilled water, and vacuum dry it to obtain zirconium carbide @ niobium selenide microspheres.

Example 6

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which is different from Example 1 only in that the model of the stainless steel substrate is 304.

Example 7

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which is different from Example 1 only in that the model of the stainless steel substrate is 316.

Example 8

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which is different from Example 1 only in that the model of the stainless steel substrate is 316L.

Example 9

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which is different from Example 1 only in that the model of the stainless steel substrate is 1.4116 steel (German DIN 17400 standard).

Comparative Example 1

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which is different from Example 1 only in that the zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres used are replaced with 300-500nm zirconium carbide particles (purity>99%) purchased from the market.

Comparative Example 2

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which is different from Example 1 only in that the zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres used are replaced with 300-500nm niobium (IV) selenide particles (purity> 99%) purchased from the market.

Comparative Example 3

A surface treatment process for stainless steel kitchenware, which differs from Example 1 only in that the zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres used are replaced by a mixture of zirconium carbide particles (purity>99%) and niobium (IV) selenide particles (purity>99%) purchased from the market, and the mass ratio of the zirconium carbide particles to the niobium (IV) selenide particles is 1:0.6.

Detection experiment

The properties of the stainless steel kitchen utensils with surface coatings prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested. The tensile strength and yield strength tests were referred to GB/T 228.1-2010, the hardness test was referred to GB/T 230.1-2018, the impact energy test was referred to GB/T 229-2007, and the acid and alkali corrosion resistance test was referred to GB/T19291-2003. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Performance of stainless steel materials with different coatings

Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Tensile strength (MPa) 585 524 547 539 Yield strength (MPa) 373 321 352 330 Room temperature impact energy AKV (J) 126 113 106 108 Rockwell hardness (HRC) 52 50 47 49 Acid corrosion rate (mm/a) 0.027 0.073 0.051 0.066 Alkali corrosion rate (mm/a) 0.016 0.054 0.035 0.043

It can be seen from Table 1 that the stainless steel kitchenware material prepared in Example 1 has better strength, toughness, hardness and corrosion resistance, indicating that its performance is better and is more suitable for use in environments with higher performance requirements, especially relatively hard materials and environments with strong acidity and alkalinity.

In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms should not be understood as necessarily being directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The surface treatment process of the stainless steel kitchen ware is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, soaking a stainless steel substrate into alkali liquor, performing ultrasonic treatment, taking out, placing in distilled water for cleaning, and drying to obtain a stainless steel first treated object;

step 2, placing the first treated stainless steel object into the mixed acid solution, soaking, taking out, placing into distilled water for cleaning, and drying to obtain a second treated stainless steel object;

Step 3, coating a second treated stainless steel object by using zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres as a target material by using a magnetron sputtering method, thereby obtaining a stainless steel kitchen ware after surface treatment;

In the step1, the stainless steel substrate is one of the material types 304, 304L, 316L, 1.4116;

In the step 1, the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5% -15%, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-20min;

in the step 2, the mixed acid liquid is mixed liquid of hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 5% and nitric acid with the mass fraction of 20%, and the soaking treatment time is 20-30min;

In the step 3, in the process of magnetron sputtering, a high-power pulse magnetron sputtering instrument is used for plating treatment, and the plating process comprises the following steps:

(1) Firstly placing a second processed stainless steel object into a cavity of a magnetron sputtering instrument, vacuumizing the cavity until the pressure is (3-5) multiplied by 10 ^-3 Pa, and heating to 450-500 ℃ for processing for 30-50min;

(2) Introducing rare gas into the cavity as shielding gas, wherein the flow rate of the rare gas is 20-40mL/min, the pressure is 0.5-0.8Pa, the bias voltage is set to be 0.6-1kV, and glow cleaning treatment is carried out for 15-20min;

(3) Reducing the pressure of the cavity to 0.3-0.5Pa, the temperature to 500-550 ℃, the rotating speed of the work frame to 3-6r/min, taking zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres as target materials, controlling the power to 3.2-5.8kW, and carrying out coating treatment in a direct current magnetron sputtering mode at the peak pulse voltage of 0.5-0.8 kV;

(4) Stopping the machine after coating, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the stainless steel kitchen ware after surface treatment;

The preparation method of the zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microsphere comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing niobium ethoxide and deionized water, mixing in a container, and fully stirring until the mixture is uniform to obtain a niobium source solution; weighing sodium selenite and deionized water, mixing, and fully stirring to be uniform to obtain a selenium source solution;

S2, adding a niobium source solution into a selenium source solution, adding zirconium carbide particles, dropwise adding hydrazine hydrate, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed reaction solution;

And S3, placing the mixed reaction liquid in reaction equipment, carrying out microwave treatment reaction, adjusting the pH value of the reaction liquid to be 7 after the reaction is finished, filtering and collecting solids, and washing and drying sequentially to obtain the zirconium carbide@niobium selenide microspheres.

2. The surface treatment process of a stainless steel kitchen ware according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mass ratio of niobium ethoxide to deionized water in the niobium source solution is 0.32-0.64:5-10; in the selenium source solution, the mass ratio of the sodium selenite to the deionized water is 0.36-0.72:5-10.

3. The surface treatment process of the stainless steel kitchen ware according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the mass ratio of the zirconium carbide particles to the niobium source solution to the selenium source solution is 1:5-10:5-10; the adding amount of the hydrazine hydrate is 5-15% of the mass of the niobium source solution.

4. The surface treatment process of the stainless steel kitchen ware according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the microwave treatment temperature is 80-120 ℃, the power is 400-800W, and the treatment time is 12-24h.

5. The surface treatment process of a stainless steel kitchen ware according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the washing is sequentially alcohol-washed and water-washed, the alcohol-washed is washed with absolute ethanol at least three times, and the water-washed is washed with distilled water at least three times; the drying is vacuum drying.