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CN118299144A - 一种梯度环形粘结磁铁及其制备方法、电机 - Google Patents

一种梯度环形粘结磁铁及其制备方法、电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118299144A
CN118299144A CN202211687071.4A CN202211687071A CN118299144A CN 118299144 A CN118299144 A CN 118299144A CN 202211687071 A CN202211687071 A CN 202211687071A CN 118299144 A CN118299144 A CN 118299144A
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magnet
reinforcing layer
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shaped
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罗阳
张泽
王子龙
杨远飞
闫文龙
于敦波
李天昊
闫文建
胡腾飞
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Grirem Advanced Materials Co Ltd
Grirem Hi Tech Co Ltd
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Grirem Advanced Materials Co Ltd
Grirem Hi Tech Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211687071.4A priority Critical patent/CN118299144A/zh
Priority to DE102023126359.5A priority patent/DE102023126359A1/de
Priority to US18/486,440 priority patent/US20240212898A1/en
Priority to JP2023177636A priority patent/JP7608559B2/ja
Priority to KR1020230186805A priority patent/KR102785760B1/ko
Publication of CN118299144A publication Critical patent/CN118299144A/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/02Permanent magnets [PM]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/0555Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0558Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together bonded together
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0578Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together bonded together
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/06Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/08Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • H01F1/083Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together in a bonding agent
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0266Moulding; Pressing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0273Imparting anisotropy
    • H01F41/028Radial anisotropy
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    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种梯度环形粘结磁铁及其制备方法、电机,其中梯度环形粘结磁铁包括:磁铁本体和至少一个加强层;所述磁铁本体为环形圆柱体;所述加强层与所述磁铁本体的表面压合;所述磁铁本体的材料为第一永磁体,所述加强层的材料为第二永磁体,所述第二永磁体的矫顽力性能、剩磁性能和/或最大工作温度高于所述第一永磁体。上述梯度环形粘结磁铁可实现环形粘结磁体的局部强化,有效提高环形粘结磁体在电机应用中的抗退磁耐高温性能,有效节约镝、铽等昂贵金属的用量,减小永磁体的材料成本;且本发明提出的梯度环形粘结磁体制备方法工艺简单,加工成本低,不需要额外的设备等,适用于大批量生产。

Description

一种梯度环形粘结磁铁及其制备方法、电机
技术领域
本发明涉及电机用磁体加工领域,特别涉及一种梯度环形粘结磁铁及其制备方法、电机。
背景技术
目前表贴式永磁电机由于效率高,功率密度大,结构简单等优点广泛应用于各行各业。同时表贴式永磁电机也存在一些缺点,表贴式永磁电机永磁体直接面对电机定子的电枢反应,使得其具有较高的温度以及退磁风险。镝、铽等元素可有效提高钕铁硼等磁性材料的矫顽力,但是镝、铽等元素价格昂贵,这使得永磁体材料成本上升。烧结钕铁硼等磁体可通过选区晶界扩散等手段来实现永磁材料的局部强化,可在有效提高永磁体矫顽力的同时使用较少的镝、铽等昂贵金属元素。而粘结磁体目前并没有相应手段来实现局部强化,靠近定子电枢的一面易发生退磁导致电机的失磁。本发明所提供的方法可有效提高环形粘结磁体局部抗退磁能力,节约镝、铽等昂贵金属的用量。
发明内容
本发明实施例的目的是提供一种梯度环形粘结磁铁及其制备方法、电机,通过在磁铁本体表面设置加强层,有效提高环形粘结磁铁局部抗退磁以及耐高温性能,可有效节约镝、铽等贵重金属的使用量。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明实施例的第一方面提供了一种梯度环形粘结磁铁,包括:磁铁本体和至少一个加强层;
所述磁铁本体为环形圆柱体;
所述加强层与所述磁铁本体的表面压合;
所述磁铁本体的材料为第一永磁体,所述加强层的材料为第二永磁体,所述第二永磁体的矫顽力性能、剩磁性能和/或最大工作温度高于所述第一永磁体。
进一步地,所述第一永磁体和所述第二永磁体的材料包括:钕铁硼、钐铁氮和/或钐钴。
进一步地,所述加强层为环形圆柱体;
所述磁铁本体的内壁与所述加强层的径向外壁压合;或者,
所述磁铁本体的外壁与所述加强层的径向内壁压合。
进一步地,所述加强层为环形圆柱体,其内径和外径与所述磁铁本体相同;
所述加强层为一个,所述加强层轴向侧壁与所述磁铁本体的轴向一端侧壁压合;或者,
所述加强层为一个,所述磁铁本体包括均为环形圆柱体的第一本体和第二本体,所述第一本体和第二本体各自的轴向一端侧壁分别与所述加强层的轴向两端侧壁压合;或者,
所述加强层为两个,所述加强层轴向侧壁与所述磁铁本体的轴向两端侧壁压合。
进一步地,所述磁铁本体的径向内壁或径向外壁设有若干个凹槽;
所述加强层包括若干个与所述凹槽形状相匹配的弧形片状加强体;
所述加强体设置于凹槽内,所述加强体与所述凹槽底部压合。
相应地,本发明实施例的第二方面提供了一种梯度环形粘结磁铁制备方法,用于制造上述梯度环形粘结磁铁,如下步骤:
步骤1,依据电机结构,得到磁铁本体与加强层的结构参数和连接位置参数;
步骤2,依据所述结构参数和所述连接位置参数,得到磁铁本体预制体和加强层预制体;
步骤3,对所述磁铁本体预制体和所述加强层预制体进行套装,并进行压制、固化。
进一步地,所述磁铁本体和所述加强层的比例值为所述电机在最恶劣工况下常规安全区域与易退磁区域的比例值。
进一步地,步骤2中所述磁铁本体预制体和所述加强层预制体的密度为3-4g/cm3
步骤3中经最终压制模具压制后的所述梯度环形粘结磁铁的密度为6.0-6.3g/cm3
进一步地,步骤3中所述固化的温度为120℃-180℃,优选的,所述固化的温度为150℃;
所述固化的时间为1小时-3小时,优选的,所述固化的时间为2小时。
相应地,本发明实施例的第三方面提供一种电机,包括上述所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁。
本发明实施例的上述技术方案具有如下有益的技术效果:
上述梯度环形粘结磁铁可实现环形粘结磁体的局部强化,有效提高环形粘结磁体在电机应用中的抗退磁耐高温性能,有效节约镝、铽等昂贵金属的用量,减小永磁体的材料成本;且本发明提出的梯度环形粘结磁体制备方法工艺简单,加工成本低,不需要额外的设备等,适用于大批量生产。
附图说明
图1a是本发明实施例提供的梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例一示意图;
图1b是本发明实施例提供的梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例二示意图;
图1c是本发明实施例提供的梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例三示意图;
图1d是本发明实施例提供的梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例四示意图;
图1e是本发明实施例提供的梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例五示意图;
图1f是本发明实施例提供的梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例六示意图;
图1g是本发明实施例提供的梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例七示意图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的梯度环形粘结磁铁制备方法示意图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的6槽4极表贴式永磁电机二维拓扑图;
图4是本发明实施例提供的未安装梯度环形粘结磁铁的6槽4极表贴式永磁电机转子表面退磁率示意图;
图5是本发明实施例提供的安装有梯度环形粘结磁铁的6槽4极表贴式永磁电机转子表面退磁率示意图。
附图标记:
1、磁铁本体,2、加强层,3、电机转子铁芯;4、电机定子铁芯;5、电机定子绕组;6、电机转轴。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了,下面结合具体实施方式并参照附图,对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解,这些描述只是示例性的,而并非要限制本发明的范围。此外,在以下说明中,省略了对公知结构和技术的描述,以避免不必要地混淆本发明的概念。
请参照图1,为解决上述技术问题,本发明实施例的第一方面提供了一种梯度环形粘结磁铁,包括:磁铁本体1和至少一根加强层2;磁铁本体1为环形圆柱体;加强层2与磁铁本体1的表面压合;磁铁本体1的材料为第一永磁体,加强层2的材料为第二永磁体,第一永磁体的矫顽力性能、剩磁性能和/或最大工作温度高于第二永磁体。
具体的,第一永磁体和第二永磁体的材料包括:钕铁硼、钐铁氮和/或钐钴。
第二永磁体的基础材料可以与第一永磁体的基础材料相同,也可以不同。无论二者的基础材料是否相同,只要使第二永磁体的矫顽力性能、剩磁性能和/或最大工作温度高于第一永磁体即可。
下面,以若干个实施例对梯度环形粘结磁铁的结构进行描述:
梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例1,请参照图1a,梯度环形粘结磁铁的加强层2为环形圆柱体;磁铁本体1的内壁与加强层2的径向外壁压合。即环形圆柱体的加强层2套设于环形圆柱体的磁体本体外侧,二者经过压合固定在一起。
梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例2,请参照图1b,梯度环形粘结磁铁的加强层2为环形圆柱体;磁铁本体1的外壁与加强层2的径向内壁压合。即环形圆柱体的磁体本体套设于环形圆柱体的加强层2外侧,二者经过压合固定在一起。
梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例3,请参照图1c,梯度环形粘结磁铁的加强层2为环形圆柱体,其内径和外径与磁铁本体1相同,二者的轴向长度不同。加强层2为一个,设置于磁铁本体1的轴向一端,加强层2轴向侧壁与磁体本体的轴向一端侧壁压合。
梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例4,请参照图1d,梯度环形粘结磁铁的加强层2为环形圆柱体,其内径和外径与磁铁本体1相同,二者的轴向长度不同。加强层2为两个,设置于磁铁本体1的轴向两端,加强层2轴向侧壁与磁体本体的轴向两端侧壁压合。
梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例5,请参照图1e,梯度环形粘结磁铁的加强层2为环形圆柱体,其内径和外径与磁铁本体1相同,二者的轴向长度不同。加强层2为一个,磁铁本体1为两个相同的部分,分别位于加强层2的轴向两端,两个磁铁本体1轴向侧壁分别与加强层2的轴向两端侧壁压合。
梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例6,请参照图1f,磁铁本体1的径向内壁设有若干个凹槽;加强层2包括若干个与凹槽形状相匹配的弧形片状加强体;加强体设置于凹槽内,加强体与磁铁本体1的凹槽底部压合。
梯度环形粘结磁铁实施例7,请参照图1g,磁铁本体1的径向外壁设有若干个凹槽;加强层2包括若干个与凹槽形状相匹配的弧形片状加强体;加强体设置于凹槽内,加强体与磁铁本体1的凹槽底部压合。
通过将磁铁本体1和加强层2采用不同材料或不同标号的材料,依据具体电机的结构及应用需求,确定加强层2的具体位置,经过计算确定磁铁本体1及加强层2的具体尺寸,制作相应的预制体,最后将两个预制体套装后,经过压制、固化过程得到整体的环形磁体结构。
上述梯度环形粘结磁铁基于表贴式永磁电机中永磁体靠近定子电枢的部分或磁体边缘部分极易发生退磁,尝试对靠近定子电枢的环形粘结磁体一侧或边缘区域进行局部强化,结合环形粘结磁体加工工艺,采用增加强化层预压环以及常规层预压环,然后将多个预压环套装在一起进行最终压制、固化的方法,达到局部强化环形粘结磁体的目的。
相应地,本发明实施例的第二方面提供了一种梯度环形粘结磁铁制备方法,用于制造上述梯度环形粘结磁铁,如下步骤:
步骤1,依据电机结构,得到磁铁本体1与加强层2的结构参数和连接位置参数;
步骤2,依据结构参数和连接位置参数,得到磁铁本体1预制体和加强层2预制体;
步骤3,对磁铁本体1预制体和加强层2预制体进行套装,并进行压制、固化,得到梯度环形粘结磁铁。
进一步地,磁铁本体和加强层的比例值为电机在最恶劣工况下常规安全区域与易退磁区域的比例值。
进一步地,步骤2中磁铁本体预制体和加强层预制体的密度为3-4g/cm3
步骤3中经最终压制模具压制后的梯度环形粘结磁铁的密度为6.0-6.3g/cm3
进一步地,步骤3中固化的温度为120℃-180℃,优选的,固化的温度为150℃;固化的时间为1小时-3小时,优选的,固化的时间为2小时。
下面以若干个实施例对上述制备方法进行详细描述:
实施例1
在使用内径为18mm外径为26mm,高度为20mm的粘结磁环永磁电机,经过计算,该电机在最恶劣工况下退磁发生在表层,分布深度大概1.5mm。根据计算加强层设定为该粘结磁环表层,厚度为1.5mm,磁体本体厚度为2.5mm。进一步通过仿真计算得出使用粘结磁环的永磁电机在最恶劣工况下磁体表层不发生退磁时的磁体性能,选用该牌号磁粉进行压制。
首先预压制作内径为23mm,外径为26mm,高度为40mm,密度为3.0g/cm3加强层预压环;以及内径为18mm,外径为23mm,高度为40mm,密度为3.0g/cm3的磁环本体层,然后将加强层与本体层进行装配,装配完成后放入最终压机中进行压制成为内径18mm,外径26mm,高度20mm,密度为6.0g/cm3的最终粘结磁环坯料,然后将粘结磁环坯料放置于150℃烘箱中,加热2小时,完成最终固化。
实施例2
在使用内径为22mm外径为30mm,高度为15mm的粘结磁环永磁电机,经过计算,该电机在最恶劣工况下退磁发生在表层,分布深度大概1.8mm。根据计算加强层设定为该粘结磁环表层,厚度为1.8mm,磁体本体厚度为2.2mm。进一步通过仿真计算得出使用粘结磁环的永磁电机在最恶劣工况下磁体表层不发生退磁时的磁体性能,选用该牌号磁粉进行压制。
首先预压制作内径为22mm,外径为25.6mm,高度为30mm,密度为4.0g/cm3加强层预压环;以及内径为25.6mm,外径为30mm,高度为30mm,密度为4.0g/cm3的磁环本体层,然后将加强层与本体层进行装配,装配完成后放入最终压机中进行压制成为内径22mm,外径30mm,高度15mm,密度为6.2g/cm3的最终粘结磁环坯料,然后将粘结磁环坯料放置于120℃烘箱中,加热3小时,完成最终固化。
实施例3
在使用内径为16mm外径为22mm,高度为15mm的粘结磁环永磁电机,经过计算,该电机在最恶劣工况下退磁发生在表层,分布深度大概1mm。根据计算加强层设定为该粘结磁环表层,厚度为1mm,磁体本体厚度为2mm。进一步通过仿真计算得出使用粘结磁环的永磁电机在最恶劣工况下磁体表层不发生退磁时的磁体性能,选用该牌号磁粉进行压制。
首先预压制作内径为16mm,外径为18mm,高度为30mm,密度为3.5g/cm3加强层预压环;以及内径为18mm,外径为22mm,高度为30mm,密度为3.5g/cm3的磁环本体层,然后将加强层与本体层进行装配,装配完成后放入最终压机中进行压制成为内径16mm,外径22mm,高度15mm,密度为6.3g/cm3的最终粘结磁环坯料,然后将粘结磁环坯料放置于180℃烘箱中,加热1小时,完成最终固化。
相应地,本发明实施例的第三方面提供了一种电机,包括上述梯度环形粘结磁铁。
请参照图3、图4和图5,在一个具体实施方式中,图3为6槽4极表贴式永磁电机二维拓扑图,由其内部沿径向向外依次为电机转轴6、电机转子铁芯3、加强层2、磁铁本体1、电机定子铁芯4及电机定子绕组5。
上述实施例中,使用的外径26mm,内径18mm四极环形粘结永磁体,该环形永磁体应用于一个6槽4极表贴式永磁电机中,电机结构如图3所示。首先计算该电机常规环形永磁体转子结构在最恶劣工况下表层退磁率大于5%的厚度,如图4所示,退磁率大于5%的区域有1.5mm厚。然后根据所计算出的厚度,选择高矫顽力磁粉,混粉并压制外径为26mm,内径为23mm的预压加强层磁体,以及使用原来常规磁粉混粉后压制外径23mm,内径18mm的常规层磁体,两个预压环完成后,将其装配在一起,然后放置到最终模具中进行最终压制,得到外径26mm,内径18mm的梯度环形粘结磁体,并将该粘结磁体进行固化。固化完成后,将梯度环形粘结磁体装配至目标电机中,进行测试,测试结果如图5所示,在相同工况下,使用梯度环形粘结磁体的表贴式永磁电机退磁率大于5%的区域几乎为0。
本发明实施例旨在保护一种梯度环形粘结磁铁及其制备方法、电机,其中梯度环形粘结磁铁包括:磁铁本体和至少一个加强层;所述磁铁本体为环形圆柱体;所述加强层与所述磁铁本体的表面压合;所述磁铁本体的材料为第一永磁体,所述加强层的材料为第二永磁体,所述第二永磁体的矫顽力性能、剩磁性能和/或最大工作温度高于所述第一永磁体。上述技术方案具备如下效果:
上述梯度环形粘结磁铁可实现环形粘结磁体的局部强化,有效提高环形粘结磁体在电机应用中的抗退磁耐高温性能,有效节约镝、铽等昂贵金属的用量,减小永磁体的材料成本;且本发明提出的梯度环形粘结磁体制备方法工艺简单,加工成本低,不需要额外的设备等,适用于大批量生产。
应当理解的是,本发明的上述具体实施方式仅仅用于示例性说明或解释本发明的原理,而不构成对本发明的限制。因此,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。此外,本发明所附权利要求旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求范围和边界、或者这种范围和边界的等同形式内的全部变化和修改例。

Claims (10)

1.一种梯度环形粘结磁铁,其特征在于,包括:磁铁本体(1)和至少一个加强层(2);
所述磁铁本体(1)为环形圆柱体;
所述加强层(2)与所述磁铁本体(1)的表面压合;
所述磁铁本体(1)的材料为第一永磁体,所述加强层(2)的材料为第二永磁体,所述第二永磁体的矫顽力性能、剩磁性能和/或最大工作温度高于所述第一永磁体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁,其特征在于,
所述第一永磁体和所述第二永磁体的材料包括:钕铁硼、钐铁氮和/或钐钴。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁,其特征在于,
所述加强层(2)为环形圆柱体;
所述磁铁本体(1)的内壁与所述加强层(2)的径向外壁压合;或者,
所述磁铁本体(1)的外壁与所述加强层(2)的径向内壁压合。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁,其特征在于,
所述加强层(2)为环形圆柱体,其内径和外径与所述磁铁本体(1)相同;
所述加强层(2)为一个,所述加强层(2)轴向侧壁与所述磁铁本体(1)的轴向一端侧壁压合;或者,
所述加强层(2)为一个,所述磁铁本体(1)包括均为环形圆柱体的第一本体和第二本体,所述第一本体和第二本体各自的轴向一端侧壁分别与所述加强层(2)的轴向两端侧壁压合;或者,
所述加强层(2)为两个,所述加强层(2)轴向侧壁与所述磁铁本体(1)的轴向两端侧壁压合。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁,其特征在于,
所述磁铁本体(1)的径向内壁或径向外壁设有若干个凹槽;
所述加强层(2)包括若干个与所述凹槽形状相匹配的弧形片状加强体;
所述加强体设置于凹槽内,所述加强体与所述凹槽底部压合。
6.一种梯度环形粘结磁铁制备方法,其特征在于,用于制造权利要求1-5任一项所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,依据电机结构,得到磁铁本体与加强层的结构参数和连接位置参数;
步骤2,依据所述结构参数和所述连接位置参数,得到磁铁本体预制体和加强层预制体;
步骤3,对所述磁铁本体预制体和所述加强层预制体进行套装,并进行压制、固化,得到梯度环形粘结磁铁。
7.根据权利要求6所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁制备方法,其特征在于,
所述磁铁本体和所述加强层的比例值为所述电机在最恶劣工况下常规安全区域与易退磁区域的比例值。
8.根据权利要求6所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤2中所述磁铁本体预制体和所述加强层预制体的密度为3-4g/cm3
步骤3中经最终压制模具压制后的所述梯度环形粘结磁铁的密度为6.0-6.3g/cm3
9.根据权利要求6所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤3中所述固化的温度为120℃-180℃,优选的,所述固化的温度为150℃;
所述固化的时间为1小时-3小时,优选的,所述固化的时间为2小时。
10.一种电机,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-5任一项所述的梯度环形粘结磁铁。
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