CN117386444A - Simultaneous post-filling and recovery process of ore collapse in small sections of roof and bottom pillar residual ore resources - Google Patents

Abstract

This application discloses a small-section synchronous collapse and subsequent filling and recovery process of top and bottom pillar residual ore resources; it relates to the field of mining technology and includes the following steps, S1: Divide the middle section of the ore body into top pillars and bottom pillars: S2: The goaf area below the top pillar is fully cemented and filled with tailings; S3: Arrange an external vein tunnel at a certain distance from the footwall of the ore body in the middle section, and arrange a slide shaft connecting the lower and middle section next to the vein external tunnel. Arrange the stope connection road, and then arrange the top pillar drilling tunnel parallel to the tunnel in the vein; S4: Divide the top and bottom pillars into 2 small sections on the facade, and drill the top and bottom pillars in the two small section tunnels respectively. Sector-shaped shallow hole; S5: Blast, mine and mine the top and bottom pillars, and then fill the empty area; the auxiliary engineering volume of this application plan is small and can be shared, and the recovery of the upper and lower small sections of the top and bottom pillars is shallow Hole blasting is carried out simultaneously, which improves the efficiency of blasting and mining, helps distinguish ore and filling bodies, and saves costs for mineral processing operations.

Description

The subsequent filling and recovery process of small-section synchronous ore collapse of roof and bottom pillar residual ore resources

Technical field

This application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a small-section synchronous collapse ore subsequent filling and recovery process for roof and bottom pillar residual ore resources.

Background technique

The shallow hole ore retention method has been used proficiently in metal mines at home and abroad for many years. This mining method is suitable for the mining of thin to medium-thick ore bodies with good rock stability and large ore body inclination angles. This mining method leaves behind There are a large number of top and bottom pillars and inter-pillars in the stope. Compared with inter-pillars, the top and bottom pillars have better mining possibilities due to their even distribution and better continuity. In recent years, with the improvement of mineral processing technology, the top and bottom high-value ore pillars left over from historical mining have become of greater mining value. The safe, reliable, and economically feasible residual ore recovery process will become very important, which can not only improve mining efficiency while ensuring safety, but also significantly improve the economic benefits of mining enterprises.

The mine has been mining using the shallow hole ore retention method for many years. In recent years, a full tailings cemented and filling system has been built. The full tailings cemented and filling mining technology is skillfully used. The ore grade is of high value. The goaf area left by the shallow hole ore retention method is urgently needed. Treatment, by treating goafs and recovering residual ore resources at the same time, can achieve the effect of killing two birds with half the effort. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a safe, efficient and economical top and bottom pillar resource recovery process.

Contents of the invention

In order to recycle the top and bottom pillars safely, efficiently and economically, this application provides a small-section synchronous ore collapse and subsequent filling and recovery process of the top and bottom pillar residual ore resources.

This application provides a small-section synchronous collapse ore subsequent filling and recovery process for roof and bottom pillar residual ore resources, adopting the following technical solution:

A small-section synchronous collapse ore subsequent filling and recovery process for top and bottom pillar residual ore resources, including the following steps:

S1: Divide the middle section of the ore body into top pillar and bottom pillar:

S2: Carry out full tailings cementing and filling of the goaf area below the top pillar;

S3: Arrange an external vein roadway at a specified distance from the footwall of the ore body in the middle section, arrange a slide shaft connected to the lower middle section next to the vein external tunnel, arrange a stope connection road from the outer vein tunnel pillar, and then arrange it parallel to the vein internal tunnel The pillar drilling alley;

S4: Divide the top and bottom columns into two small sections on the facade, and drill upward fan-shaped shallow holes in the two small sections;

S5: Blast, mine and mine the top and bottom pillars, and then fill the empty area.

Further, before step S1, there is step S0: arrange a pedestrian patio in the intercolumn, arrange stope connection roads at both ends every 2m to 3m in the patio, arrange intra-vein transportation lanes in the ore body, and use electric rake Mine bottom structure.

Further, step S1 specifically involves taking the existing intra-vein lane in this middle section as a boundary and dividing it into a 3m-thick bottom column of this middle section above the intra-vein lane and a 3m-6m thick top column in the lower middle section below the intra-vein lane.

Further, step S2 specifically includes filling the goaf area below the top pillar with full tailings cement before mining the residual ore. The filling operation ensures the top connection quality and top connection rate between the filling body and the top pillar. The filling body is within 0.5m of the top. The strength is not less than 4MPa. If the stability of the goaf above the bottom column is good, filling may not be performed temporarily. If the stability of the goaf is poor, more than 25% of the empty area should be filled with waste rock and the overlying rock layer should be used. Ensure the safety of top and bottom column recovery operations.

Further, step S3 specifically includes: arranging a 3.0m×3.0m external vein transport lane in the middle section 20m to 30m away from the footwall of the ore body, and arranging a φ1.5m slide shaft connecting the lower and middle sections next to the vein external tunnel, and starting from the vein external tunnel. A 3.0m × 3.0m stope connection channel is arranged at a certain slope downward toward the ore body at the intercolumn to lead to the bottom of the top pillar, and then a 2.4m × 2.6m top pillar rock drilling tunnel is arranged along the direction of the ore body parallel to the inner vein tunnel.

Further, step S4 specifically involves dividing the top and bottom pillars into two small sections on the facade with the existing vein tunnel and the newly constructed rock drilling tunnel as boundaries. The starting mining point of the top and bottom pillars is based on the original mining tunnel. In the shallow hole ore retaining method, the pedestrian patio within the pillars is used as the cutting patio, and the upward fan-shaped shallow holes are drilled with the same hole network parameters using a rock drill in two small sub-lanes.

Further, in step S4, the shallow holes used for top and bottom column recovery are designed as follows: blast hole length 3m~6m, blast hole diameter 40mm, blast hole spacing 1.0m~1.2m, blast hole row spacing 0.8 ~1.0m.

Further, in step S4, the upward fan-shaped shallow hole of the upper segmented vein tunnel is constructed first, and then the upward fan-shaped shallow hole of the lower segmented rock drilling tunnel is constructed. If the corresponding top column of the lower section rock drilling tunnel is larger than 5m, medium and deep hole rock drills can also be used for construction.

Further, in step S4, when the steeply inclined thin-medium-thick shallow hole ore retention method is used to recover the shallow hole blasting of the top and bottom pillars, the φ32mm roll charge is manually loaded, starting from the top and bottom pillar cutting patio, in a backward mining sequence Carry out top and bottom pillar residual ore recovery and blasting.

Further, in step S5, when blasting the first shot hole of the top and bottom pillars, the cutting patio is used as the free surface, and the charge connection is simultaneously blasted sideways in two small sections to form a vertical cutting vertical groove, and the subsequent shot holes are The vertical vertical groove is a free surface, and the two segments are blasted simultaneously to collapse the ore to the top of the filling body;

Then, the outer vein tunnel and stope connection road formed in step S3 are used as the ore exit channels, and a remote-controlled scraper is used to shovel the collapsed ore on the filling body to the slide shaft next to the vein outer tunnel for mining. After the ore extraction is completed, the mine is Construct a filling retaining wall and use full tailings cement filling to complete the filling task of the empty area in the middle section.

To sum up, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) The amount of auxiliary works is small and can be shared. A new rock drilling tunnel is constructed under the top pillar, an external vein tunnel and a mine shaft are arranged on the footwall of the ore body. A downward inclined stope connection road is dug from the external vein tunnel toward the ore body. , and the above projects can be used together by multiple ore blocks, and can also be used as deep development projects.

(2) Shallow hole blasting for the upper and lower small segmented roof and bottom pillars is carried out simultaneously, which greatly reduces the number of blasts, improves the efficiency of blasting and mining, effectively controls the size of the caving ore, facilitates the differentiation of ore and filling bodies, and saves money for mineral processing operations. cost.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the mine room of the small-section synchronous mine collapse and subsequent filling mining process according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of II-II in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of III-III in Figure 1.

Explanation of reference symbols:

1. Top pillar; 2. Bottom pillar; 3. Between pillars; 4. Lane outside the vein; 5. Stope connection road; 6. Drilling lane; 7. Slide shaft; 8. Pedestrian ventilation patio; 9. Filling body; 10 , mined ore; 11. In-vein transportation lane; 12. Goaf area; 13. Shallow hole.

Detailed ways

The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with Figures 1-3.

The embodiment of the present application discloses a shallow hole 13-hole ore retention method and residual ore resources segmented synchronous collapse and subsequent filling method mining process, which includes the following steps:

S0: A pedestrian patio is arranged in the intercolumn 3, stope connection roads 5 are arranged at both ends every 2m to 3m in the patio, intra-vein transportation lanes 11 are arranged in the ore body, and an electric rake is used to extract the bottom structure of the ore.

S1. The average horizontal thickness of the top and bottom pillar 2 residual ore bodies designed to be mined is about 3m. The mining conditions are defined as a highly restrictive subsequent filling mining process. The process is divided into a time sequence of emptying first and then filling. The residual ore mining process is bounded by the existing 2.4m×2.6m intra-vein lane in this middle section, and is divided into a 3m-thick bottom column 2 in this middle section above the intra-vein lane and a 3m-6m thick top column in the lower middle section below the intra-vein lane. 1.

S2. Before mining the remaining ore, the goaf area 12 below the top pillar 1 is filled with all tailings cement. The filling operation ensures the top connection quality and top connection rate between the filling body 9 and the top pillar 1, and the strength of the filling body 9 within the top 0.5m range. Not less than 4MPa. When the stability of the goaf 12 above the bottom pillar 2 is good, filling may not be carried out temporarily. If the stability of the goaf 12 is poor, more than 25% of the empty area should be filled with waste rock beforehand. The overlying rock layer ensures the safety of the top and bottom pillar 2 recovery operations.

S3. Arrange a 3.0m × 3.0m outer vein transport lane 20m to 30m away from the footwall of the ore body in this middle section. Arrange a φ1.5m slip shaft 7 connecting the lower and middle sections next to the vein outer lane 4. Columns 3 from the vein outer lane 4 A 3.0 m .

S4. Divide the roof and bottom pillars 2 into two small sections on the facade with the existing vein tunnel and the newly constructed rock drilling tunnel 6 as boundaries. The starting mining point of the roof and bottom pillars 2 is the original shallow hole 13. The pedestrian patio in the mining method pillar 3 is used as a cutting patio, and the YSP45 rock drill is used to drill upward fan-shaped shallow holes 13 in two small section tunnels with the same hole network parameters.

S5. When blasting the first batch of blast holes in the top and bottom pillars 2, the cutting patio is used as the free surface, and the charging line is simultaneously blasted sideways in two small sections to form a vertical cutting vertical trough. The subsequent blast holes use the vertical vertical trough as the free surface. On the surface, the two sections are simultaneously blasted to collapse the ore to the top of the filling body 9.

Using the outer vein lane 4 and the stope connection road 5 formed in step S3 as the ore exit channels, use a remote control scraper to shovel the caving ore on the cemented filling body 9 in step S2 to the φ1.5m slide shaft 7 next to the vein outer lane 4 . After the mining is completed, a filling retaining wall shall be constructed in time, and all tailings cemented filling shall be used to complete the filling task of the empty area in the middle section.

The implementation principle of the shallow hole 13 ore-retaining method and residual ore resource segmented synchronous collapse and subsequent filling method mining process in the embodiment of the present application is: the top and bottom pillar 2 residual ore resources are sharply inclined medium-thick ore bodies, and the ore rock stability is medium. above. The shallow hole 13-retaining stope used in the mining of the original ore house is arranged along the direction of the ore body. The ore house is 50m long and has a width consistent with the thickness of the ore body. There are 8m thick inter-pillars 3, 3m-thick top pillars 1, 3m-6m thick bottom pillars 2. Arrange a 1.5m×1.5m pedestrian patio in the intercolumn 3, arrange stope connection roads 5 at both ends every 2m to 3m in the vertical direction of the patio, arrange an intra-vein transportation lane 11 in the ore body, and use an electric rake to extract the ore. Bottom structure.

Before recycling the top and bottom pillars 2, check the stability of the empty area, temporarily leave the goaf 12 above the bottom pillar 2 unprocessed, or use waste rock to fill more than 25% of the empty area volume to form an overlying rock layer with a certain protective thickness; The goaf 12 below the column 1 is filled with all tailings cement until it reaches the top of the top column 1. When the strength of the upper 0.5m thick filling body 9 reaches 4MPa, an extra-vein transportation tunnel is arranged at 20m to 30m in the footwall of the ore body. A φ1.5m slip shaft 7 connected to the lower middle section is arranged next to the outer lane 4 of the vein. From the outer lane 4 of the vein 3 at the position of the intervening pillar 3, a 3.0m×3.0m stope connection channel 5 is arranged downward toward the ore body at a certain slope to reach the top. Below the pillar 1, a 3.0m×3.0m roof pillar 1 drilling tunnel 6 is then arranged along the direction of the ore body parallel to the vein tunnel. At this point, the roof pillar 1 drilling tunnel 6 will be installed between the existing vein tunnel and the newly dug roof tunnel 1. Bottom column 2 is divided into 2 small segments.

The pedestrian patio in the column 3 on one side of the top and bottom pillars 2 is used as a cutting patio to provide compensation space for the first shot hole blasting of the top and bottom pillars 2 residual ore recovery. The YSP-45 shallow hole 13 rock drill is used in 2 small sections. Construct upward fan-shaped shallow holes 13 using the same hole network parameters. The blasting method of two small sections being charged simultaneously and connected in line is used to realize the mining process of synchronous collapse of small sections. The ore after collapse is transported by a remote control scraper through the stope connection road 5 to the outer lane 4 of the vein and unloaded into the middle section. φ1.5m slide shaft 7. After the mining of the top and bottom pillars 2 is completed, a filling retaining wall will be constructed to subsequently fill the goaf 12.

The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application shall be covered by the scope of protection of the present application. Inside.

Claims (10)

1. A technology for synchronously ore-breaking and subsequent filling and recycling of residual ore resources of a top column and a bottom column in small segments is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of the method,

s1: dividing the middle section of the ore body into a top column and a bottom column:

s2: performing full tailing cemented filling on the goaf below the top column;

s3: an extra-vein roadway is arranged at a specified distance from the lower disc of the ore body at the middle section, a drop shaft communicated with the lower middle section is arranged beside the extra-vein roadway, a stope connecting channel is arranged at a pillar between the extra-vein roadway, and then a rock drilling roadway parallel to the intra-vein roadway is arranged;

s4: dividing the top and bottom columns into 2 small sections on the vertical surface, and drilling upward sector shallow holes in 2 small section lanes respectively;

s5: and (5) blasting, stoping and ore extracting the top and bottom columns, and then filling the empty area.

2. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

before step S1, there is also step S0: a manway is arranged in the stud, stope connecting channels are arranged in the manway from every 2m to 3m to two ends, and a vein conveying roadway is arranged in the ore body to form a rake ore-drawing bottom structure.

3. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step S1 is specifically divided into a bottom column with the thickness of 3 m-6 m at the middle section above the intra-pulse lane and a top column with the thickness of 3 m-6 m at the lower middle section below the intra-pulse lane by taking the existing intra-pulse lane at the middle section as a boundary.

4. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step S2 is specifically that full tailing cemented filling is carried out on a goaf below a jack post before stoping of a residual ore, filling operation guarantees the top connection quality and the top connection rate of a filling body and the jack post, the strength of the filling body within the range of 0.5m at the top is not lower than 4MPa, filling can be temporarily not carried out when the goaf above a bottom post is good in stability, if the goaf is poor in stability, more than 25% of goaf should be filled by adopting waste rock before subsequent steps, and safety of top and bottom post recovery operation is guaranteed by using an overburden stratum.

5. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step S3 is that a 3.0mX3.0mO conveying roadway is arranged at the position 20 m-30 m away from the lower plate of the ore body, phi 1.5mO wells communicated with the lower middle section are arranged beside the outer roadway, a stope connecting roadway of 3.0mX3.0mO is downwards arranged from the outer roadway column to the direction of the ore body with a certain gradient to reach the lower part of the top column, and then a rock drilling roadway of 2.4mX2.6m is arranged along the direction of the ore body and parallel to the inner roadway.

6. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step S4 is to divide the top and bottom columns into 2 small segments on the vertical plane by taking the existing intra-pulse roadway and newly constructed rock drilling roadway as boundaries, taking a pedestrian raise in the original shallow hole ore-retaining method as a cutting raise at the initial stoping point of the top and bottom columns, and drilling upward sector shallow holes in the 2 small segment roadways by using a rock drill with the same hole network parameters.

7. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in step S4, shallow holes for top and bottom column recovery are designed, and the parameters of the hole network used are as follows: the length of the blast hole is 3 m-6 m, the diameter of the blast hole is 40mm, the distance between the blast holes is 1.0 m-1.2 m, and the row distance of the blast holes is 0.8-1.0 m.

8. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, an upward sector shallow hole of the upper segment intra-pulse roadway is constructed, and then an upward sector shallow hole of the lower segment rock drilling roadway is constructed. If the corresponding top column of the lower segmented rock drilling lane is larger than 5m, the construction of the medium-length hole rock drill can be adopted.

9. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, when shallow hole blasting is recovered by a steep thin-medium thick shallow hole ore-retaining method, manual filling of coiled charges with phi 32mm is adopted, and top and bottom column residual ore recovery blasting is carried out in a backward mining sequence from a top and bottom column cutting courtyard.

10. The roof and bottom pillar residual ore resource small-section synchronous ore caving subsequent filling and recycling process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S5, when the top and bottom column stoping first stubble blastholes are blasted, a cutting courtyard is used as a free surface, charging connecting line lateral blasting is synchronously carried out on 2 small sections to form vertical cutting vertical grooves, the subsequent blastholes use the vertical grooves as the free surface, and the two sections of synchronous blasting collapse ores above the filling body;

and then taking the outer drift and stope connecting channel formed in the step S3 as an ore discharging channel, adopting a remote control scraper to shovel the caving ore on the filling body to an ore pass beside the outer drift for ore discharging, constructing a filling retaining wall in time after ore discharging is completed, and adopting full tailing cemented filling to complete the filling task of the middle section empty area.