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CN1170862A - 用于生产低纯氧和高纯氧的低温混杂系统 - Google Patents

用于生产低纯氧和高纯氧的低温混杂系统 Download PDF

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CN1170862A
CN1170862A CN97113887A CN97113887A CN1170862A CN 1170862 A CN1170862 A CN 1170862A CN 97113887 A CN97113887 A CN 97113887A CN 97113887 A CN97113887 A CN 97113887A CN 1170862 A CN1170862 A CN 1170862A
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purity oxygen
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oxygen
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H·E·霍华德
D·P·保纳奎斯特
P·L·贾斯特
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Abstract

使用低温精馏塔生产低纯氧和高纯氧的方法,其中在进入塔之前进料空气在一上游吸附床系统中富含氧,并通过吸附床的流出物或塔顶蒸气的汽轮膨胀来产生制冷作用。

Description

用于生产低纯氧和高纯氧的 低温混杂系统
本发明一般地涉及低温精馏，更具体地涉及用于生产两种不同纯度氧的系统。
氧气的用户通常要求特定纯度的氧气，一般设计空气分离装置来生产一纯度水平的氧气。偶尔也需要提供两个不同纯度水平的氧气。虽然又可用常规的空气分离装置来生产两种不同纯度水平的氧气产品，但这种装置操作起来很昂贵。
因此本发明的目的之一是提供能有效生产低纯氧和高纯氧的系统。
本领域技术人员在阅读了本发明所完成的公开后，上述及其它目的将变得显而易见。所述公开为：
生产低纯氧和高纯氧的方法，包括：
(A)将进料空气送入包含至少一个吸附床的吸附剂系统中并从进料空气中将氮气吸附到吸附剂上以制得第一低纯氧；
(B)将至少部分第一低纯氧送入塔中，在塔内通过低温精馏将第一低纯氧分离为第二低纯氧和高纯氧；
(C)从塔下部将高纯氧作为产品高纯氧回收；和
(D)将至少部分第一低纯氧和/或第二低纯氧作为产品低纯氧回收。
此处所用的术语“进料空气”意指主要包含氧气和氮气的混合物如环境空气。
此处所用的术语“低纯氧”意指氧气浓度在50-98.5％(摩尔)范围内的流体。
此处所用的术语“高纯氧”意指氧气浓度大于98.5％(摩尔)的流体。
此处所用的术语“塔”是指蒸馏或分馏塔或区，即接触塔或区，在其中液相和气相逆流接触以实现流体混合物的分离，如通过气相和液相在塔内一系列垂直放置的塔盘或塔板和/或如结构或无规填充的填料单元上接触。对蒸馏塔的进一步讨论请参见《化学工程师手册》第5版，R.H.Perry和C.H.Chilton编，Mc Graw-Hiu Book Company出版，纽约，第13章，“连续蒸馏法”。
气相和液相接触分离法是基于各组分蒸气压的不同。高蒸气压(或易挥发或低沸点)组分易于浓缩在气相而低蒸气压(或难挥发或高沸点)组分易于浓缩于液相。部分冷凝是其中可用蒸气混合物的冷却来浓缩气相中的挥发组分而难挥发组分保留在液相中的分离方法。精馏或连续蒸馏是结合通过气液相的逆流处理获的连续部分蒸发和冷凝的分离方法。气液相的逆流接触基本上是绝热的，并可包括相之间的积分(阶段的)或微分(连续的)接触。利用精馏原理来分离混合物的分离过程装置常可互换地称为精馏塔、蒸馏塔或分馏塔。低温精馏是至少部分在等于或低于150度开尔文(K)的湿度下进行的精馏法。
此处所用的术语“间接热交换”意指在流体间没有任何物理接触或混合的情况下使两种流体流产生热交换关系。
此处所用的术语“再沸器”意指从塔中液体产生塔上流蒸气的热交换装置。
此处所用的术语“汽轮膨胀”和“汽轮骤冷器”分别意指对高压气流通过一汽轮机降低气体的压力和温度藉以产生制冷作用的方法和设备。
此处所用的术语“上部”和“下部”分别意指塔的中点以上和以下的塔的各段。
此处所用的术语“吸附剂”意指可在其间隙或微孔内接收或捕获气体或液体种类的物质(常为固体)。吸收剂的例子包括矾土、二氧化硅、碳和分子筛。特别优选的吸收剂为氮选择的分子筛。
此处所用的术语“吸附床”意指吸收剂颗粒邻近相互之间的汇集并构造成可被流体接触的形式。
图1是本发明的双纯度氧生产系统的一个实施方案的示意图。
图2是本发明另一实施方案的示意图，其中塔顶部蒸气用以产生制冷作用。
图3是本发明再一实施方案的示意图，其中在制冷产生周线中使用了一辅助塔。
图4是本发明又一实施方案的示意图，其中塔被再循环流体再沸。
对于共同的单元图中的数字是相同的。
现参见图1，进料空气50被送入包含吸附床的吸附剂系统1，其中进料空气的氮气最好被吸收在包含在吸附床中的吸附剂颗粒上，导致氧气浓度优选在80-95％(摩尔)范围内的第一低纯氧的生成。进料空气50可在一个或多个吸附床即可饱含个或多个分开的吸附床的吸附剂系统1以及一般和多层吸附剂系统相关的管道和阀门中处理。从吸附层系统1的富集氮废气流经流51排到大气中。
至少部分第一低纯氧在流52中被送入压缩机2，其中它被压缩至绝对压力一般在30-200磅/平方英寸(绝对压)(psia)的范围内。加压的第一低纯氧流53被送到冷却器3中以除去压缩热，所得流54通过主换热器10经与回流和汽轮膨胀流进行间接热交换而得到冷却。流54的部分100可取主换热器10的上游流体，通过压缩机101被进一步压缩至约450psia的压力，通过冷却器102将除去压缩热并在流103中作为低纯氧产品回收。
第一低纯氧的部分可经汽轮膨胀以产生制冷作用。在图1所示的实施方案中，在部分横过主换热器10后，从流54中取出部分55并通过汽轮骤冷器27汽轮膨胀以产生制冷作用。然后汽轮膨胀流56通过换热器9和主换热器10得以加热。所得流57返回到压缩机2中并与流52汇合。可选地制冷过程可通过向如塔8的槽(再沸器7)加入液体来提供。
将流60中的第一低纯氧送入底部再沸器7，在其中它至少部分被与高纯氧进行的间接热交换冷凝。然后所得第一低纯氧61通过换热器9进一步得到冷却，然后经阀13进入塔8中。
塔8一般在压力为30-170psia范围内，优选在100-150psia的范围内操作。在塔8中，第一低纯氧通过低温精馏分离为第二低纯氧和高纯氧。
氧气浓度低于第一低纯氧并一般低于90％(摩尔)的第二低纯氧作为流62从塔8的上部导出，经阀14然后通过主换热器10得到加热。然后若需要则所得第二低纯流63可以全部或部分作为产品低纯氧回收或重新导入压缩机2中。
高纯氧作为液体和/或气体从塔8的底部中回收，两种优选方案均示于图1中。气态高纯氧流64从塔8在再沸器7上方导出，经阀15并通过主换热器10得到加热。所得流65作为气态高纯氧产品回收。液体高纯氧流66从塔8中导出，经阀12并在流67中作为液体高纯氧产品得到回收。
图2显示了本发明的另一实施方案，其中通过第二低纯氧的汽轮膨胀产生了制冷作用。示于图2实施方案的单元(参见图1的描述)将不再详述。现参照图2，第一低纯氧作为流60被送入底部再沸器7中。第二低纯氧流62从塔8的上部导出，并通过部分横过主换热器10而得到加热。所得流68通过汽轮骤冷器26得到汽轮膨胀以产生制冷作用。所得汽轮膨胀流69通过换热器9和主换热器10而得到加热，所得第二低纯氧流70必要时可全部或部分作为产品低纯氧回收。
图3显示了本发明的再一实施方案，其中在第一低纯氧制冷作用周线上使用了辅助塔。示于图3的实施方案的单元(参见前述实施方案所描述)将不再详述。
现参照图3，第一低纯氧部分55经阀17被送入辅助塔11中。当该蒸气在辅助塔11内迎着下流液体上升时，其轻组分如氮和氩逐渐密集，而下流液体则逐渐富集氧。所得氧富集的下流液体从辅助塔11的下部作为流71导出，并与来自底部再沸器7的流61汇合形成流72，然后通过换热器9和阀13进入塔8内。所得贫氧上流蒸气从辅助塔11的上部作为流73导出。该流与制冷作用周线流74汇合形成流75，通过主换热器10被加热。所得流76通过压缩机4被压缩，而压缩热通过冷却器5得到去除。
所得流77被送入主换热器10中。在部分横过主换热器10后流77的部分78被导出，并经汽轮骤冷器18汽轮膨胀而产生制冷作用。然后所得汽轮膨胀流79通过换热器9得到加热形成如上述处理的流74。流77的剩余部分80通过整个横过主换热器10被冷凝然后经阀16作为上述下流液体送入辅助塔11的上部。
图4显示了本发明的又一实施方案，其中使用一再循环热泵周路来再沸所述塔。示于图4实施方案的单元(参见上述实施方案所描述)将不再详述。
现参见图4，第一低纯氧流60直接送入塔8中而不先经再沸器7。热泵流83通过换热器9得到低温冷却然后经阀21送入冷凝器22中。第二低纯氧流62的部分81被送入冷凝器22，其中它被与流83中进入冷凝器22的蒸发着的液体进行间接热交换而得到冷凝。然后所得冷凝的第二低纯氧流82作为回流送入塔8的上部。已蒸发的液体作为流84从冷凝器22中导出并通过控热器9和10得到加热。所得流85通过压缩机19压缩，并经冷却器20冷却压缩热。然后所得热泵流86通过主换热器10得到冷却形成流87，然后送入底部再沸器7，在其中迎着沸腾的高纯氧至少部分被冷凝。然后所得流88与流71汇合形成如上述处理的热泵流83。若需要，塔8可用两个底部再沸器进行操作，一个通过如示于图4的再循环热泵流驱动，另一个通过如示于图3的第一低纯氧来驱动。
通过使用本发明，它们可有效地生产低纯氧和高纯氧。虽然本发明参照特定优选的实施方案做了详尽描述，但本领域技术人员将会理解本发明在权利要求书的精神和范畴内的其它实施方案。

Claims (8)

1.一种生产低纯氧和高纯氧的方法，包括：
(A)将进料空气送入包含至少一个吸附床的吸附剂系统中并从进料空气中将氮气吸附到吸附剂上以制得第一低纯氧；
(B)将至少部分第一低纯氧送入塔中，在塔内通过低温精馏将第一低纯氧分离为第二低纯氧和高纯氧；
(C)从塔下部将高纯氧作为产品高纯氧回收；和
(D)将至少部分第一低纯氧和/或第二低纯氧作为产品低纯氧回收。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中在第一低纯氧被送进塔之前，通过与高纯氧进行间接热交换而得到冷凝。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中在第一低纯氧送入塔之前，将第二低纯氧的一部分进行汽轮膨胀，然后与第一低纯氧进行间接热交换以冷却第一低纯氧。
4.权利要求3的方法，其中在将所述第一低纯氧部分进行所述汽轮膨胀前，在辅助塔内处理第一低纯氧部分。
5.权利要求1的方法，其中在第二低纯氧送入塔之前，将第二低纯氧的一部分汽轮膨胀，然后与第一低纯氧进行间接热交换以冷却第一低纯氧。
6.权利要求1的方法，其中第一低纯氧的氧气浓度在80-95％(摩尔)范围内。
7.权利要求1的方法，其中第一低纯氧和第二低纯氧均作为产品低纯氧回收。
8.权利要求1的方法，还包括将第一低纯氧的一部分压缩并将所得的压缩部分作为加压低纯氧产品回收。
CN97113887A 1996-06-26 1997-06-25 用于生产低纯氧和高纯氧的低温混杂系统 Pending CN1170862A (zh)

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US1416163A (en) * 1920-06-05 1922-05-16 Bertha M Bock Power-transmission mechanism
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GB1381112A (en) * 1971-04-20 1975-01-22 Petrocarbon Dev Ltd Separation of gas mixtures
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