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CN1155197C - 远地代理系统和方法 - Google Patents

远地代理系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1155197C
CN1155197C CNB961802286A CN96180228A CN1155197C CN 1155197 C CN1155197 C CN 1155197C CN B961802286 A CNB961802286 A CN B961802286A CN 96180228 A CN96180228 A CN 96180228A CN 1155197 C CN1155197 C CN 1155197C
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R��R����ά
R·R·霍维
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迈克尔·克雷默
王扬威
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Rakuten Group Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/2866—Architectures; Arrangements
    • H04L67/2876—Pairs of inter-processing entities at each side of the network, e.g. split proxies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/565—Conversion or adaptation of application format or content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/08—Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H04L69/165—Combined use of TCP and UDP protocols; selection criteria therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

在受保护的计算机或计算机网络(52)和万维网(WWW)(68)之间的一种接口。该接口包括分散代理系统(56，66)，该系统把TCP/IP传输包装成正本传输这样不出现长等待时间系统中的问题，从而大大改善经无线调制解调器或其它低带宽通信网络的WWW访问。分散代理接口(56，66)还提供压缩、加密和过滤能力，并能接受服务提供者为对WWW访问软件进行自动更新或配置而提出的非征求传输。

Description

远地代理系统和方法
相关专利申请
由David Mathew Pepe，Lisa B.Blitzer，James Joseph Brockman，WilliamCruz，Dwight Omar Hakim，Michael Kramer，Dawn Dian Petr，Josefa Ramaroson，Gerardo Ramirez，Yang-Wei Wang和Robert G.White于1994年9月19日提交的08/309,336号美国专利申请揭示了相应于本发明的主题，并在这里通过参考而引入。
技术领域
本发明涉及在私人计算机或计算机网络与万维网(WWW)之间用有线、无线连接的一种改进型接口。本发明更涉及具有协议转换、安全和自动配置特征的一种改进的WWW接口。
背景技术
五十年来，人们梦想着有一个全球化的信息数据库—从而不仅全世界的人们可访问数据并通过把数据组织起来而容易地找到相关的信息，从而用户可快速地找到和访问某一特定需求的大部分相关数据。
在19世纪60年代，这个想法得到了进一步的开发，从而产生了使人类信息相互作用的各个方面尤其是教育领域发生变革的“docuversa”的观念。近来，技术的完善使这些观念可在全球范围内实现。
通过大学、公司和政府的共同努力使因特网(Internet)有所发展。几年以前，国防部开始把大学、民间组织以及进行研究的某些公司的计算机网络相互连接起来。这种网络的网络已发展成为一种全球网络，它通常被叫做因特网或万维网(WWW，下同)。对WWW的正式定义是一种“旨在开创对大量包罗万象文件进行全球化访问的广域超媒体信息检索”。
因为WWW已变得越来越普及并将被越来越多的公众所使用，所以国防部减少了它的参与。现在，在因特网上由政府资助的链路已转向维护与大学、公司之间局域网(LAN)互连的商业企业。
虽然，证明WWW对于企业来说是一种极有价值的资源(用于经由电子邮件(e-mail)进行通信，访问在线信息等)，但这些公司更关心存储在其计算机网络上的知识产权、商业机密、财务记录和其它机密信息的安全。它们还关心电子破坏行为——通过WWW对计算机网络进行未经许可的访问，计算机化的信息遭到破坏或失真。
响应于这些担心，已使用“网络安全防火墙(firewall)”来保护与WWW的某些连接。如图1所示，防火墙通常是桥接私人计算机或计算机网络(LAN)10与WWW12的特定硬件和/或软件。防火墙的主要目的是屏蔽进出被保护网络的数据通信量。如果检测到网络入侵者，则防火墙有能力筛选数据通信量并不许侵者访问。在早先的因特网防火墙中，一般难于查明数据通信量的好坏，即相应于团体用户还是入侵者的数据通信量。这样就对诸如文件传送协议(FTP)等因特网应用程序的团体用户产生了问题(在团体LAN的内部)，这是因为因特网的应用程序有时可能被防火墙不正确地阻塞。因此要求防火墙对穿过的应用程序数据更加智能化，预先能知道所需的通信量。
因特网的工程师在因特网防火墙上设计了“代理”服务，以满足这个需求。这些代理是完全理解象FTP等特定应用程序的计算机处理。对于网络管理者来说，可把多个代理直接加到基于内部团体用户想要执行的应用程序的防火墙系统。例如，WWW浏览器(以下所述)使用超文本传送协议(HTTP)代理传送超文本标记语言(HTML)文件。
为了便于使用WWW，开发了“浏览”软件6。诸如广受欢迎的NetscapeTM和MosaicTM等浏览器允许WWW用户可浏览到与WWW链接的计算机上可适用的信息。在08/309,336号美国专利申请(以下为08/309,336号申请)中所述的本受让人的相关申请给计算机网络的用户提供了一种一致的方法，从而以同一种简化方式访问各种媒体。利用浏览软件，08/309,336号申请的发明改变了人们观察和生成信息的方式—这样产生了第一个真正的全球超媒体网络。
HTTP代理的一个任务是接收来自浏览器或受保护网络10上的应用软件6的请求并把这些请求转发给WWW12。代理也可从WWW12中监控对受保护计算机或网络10的访问。于是，代理4可允许系统管理者监控在受保护网络10和WWW12之间流通的信息和请求。如果发现不合法的行为，代理4可中断与WWW12的连接。这种代理驱动的防火墙2、4使得具有同样担心的公司和企业可利用WWW12这种有价值的资源，同时保持一定的安全性。
为了有效链接计算机与通过WWW的应用软件，已开发出管理计算机化数据传输的协议。一种协议以接收计算机可辨认的标准方式来组织WWW上传输的数据。在开放式系统互连(OSI)的计算机协议模型中有七层。每一层都具有便于数据传输的附加组织功能。
因特网协议(IP)是OSI模型中的第三层，它是因特网上所使用的基本“语言”。第四层，即传输控制协议(TCP)是比IP更为专用的协议。为了使用WWW，计算机必须能使用合并IP继而TCP的协议来进行通信。
已看到WWW和围绕因特网访问的技术急剧发展。许多公司已发展到用户可通过标准电话来访问WWW。一个叫做因特网服务提供者(ISP)的集团代表了这些服务提供者中的多数。
为了进一步扩展因特网的访问，一个有希望的领域是广域的无线数据网络。该无线网络包括蜂窝式数字包(packet)数据(CDPD，由蜂窝式载体所提供)、诸如MobitexTM网络(由美国的RAM移动数据提供)等电路切换的蜂窝式网络、ArdisTM网络以及形成国家无线数据提供者的主体。
罗列的所有数据网络提供者都提供了传统的因特网协议(IP)服务，且它们都能与WWW集成一体。数据速度的范围从4,800到28,8000bps，并具有从毫秒到10秒的等待时间。
尽管WWW是广受欢迎的，但在访问因特网时仍有必须克服的技术和安全问题。这些问题中的一些问题对于试图访问WWW的无线系统来说尤其尖锐
问题1
第一个问题是由数据等待时间(以下将更详细描述)所引起的。数据等待时间指为数据经过WWW内的各种节点时由多个跳跃和缓慢链路所产生的时间延迟。这个特殊问题在用无线调制解调器访问WWW时更为严重。大多数广域无线数据网络和一些有线数据网络的最初设计并不支持TCP/IP协议。由于把IP数据包装进网络的原始数据协议，这会增加等待时间。
当TCP组织在WWW上传输用的数据时，它把数据分割成单个信息“包”。然后，TCP传输单个的包。每个包包括提供给接收系统的用于把包重新组装成被传输的完整数据结构的指令。每个包还包括一循环冗余检验，允许接收系统检验包在传输期间是否被破坏或掺杂讹误。
TCP通常配置成用于传输许多包，然后等待接收系统确认已完全收到。传输数据包以及接收包到达确认所需的时间量称作系统的“等待时间”。
如果TCP未收到包已完全收到的确认，则假设该数据包在传输期间丢失，要重新传输该数据包。如果系统的等待时间太长，TCP过早地假设数据包丢失造成在原始数据包到达目的地之前重新传输的同一数据包涌进网络。这也是一个问题，因为许多服务提供者是按传输的数据包数向用户收费。如果TCP因数据包的不必要重复传输使系统泛滥，则将大大增加用户的成本。于是，由于等待时间长，TCP不可能对连接进行适当地操作。如果系统的等待时间超过了大约3到5秒，则TCP将开始发生故障。
通过不支持TCP的标准电话线来访问WWW时，TCP数据报必须被包装(即，转换)成在电话线上可发送的形式。然后，由接收计算机来打开和使用该数据报。由于此处理工作，所以增加了传输的等待时间。
使用无线调制解调器访问WWW的另一个问题是，无线网络使等待时间增加。一般的趋势是，无线数据网络所服务的范围越广，则传输的带宽(以bps为单位)越低。例如，目前在美国所使用的无线通信系统能在每秒传输4,800位的数据。这导致了等待时间增加到高达10秒。
与无线WWW访问有关的相关技术参阅：1.Carnegie Mellon大学的信息网络学院，Wireless Andrew Initiative。2.Rutgers大学的Winlab，Datamanproject。3.华盛顿大学的CS&E，Mobisaic。4.Xerox’s Palo Alto研究中心，PDA and viirtual office computing concepts。5.Computer Networks & ISDNSvstem Volume 0028，Number 1-2 ISSN：0169-7552，Dec’95，“PDAs as MobileWWW Browsers”，Gessler S.，Kotulla A。6.General Magic’s，Magicap Osversionof a WWW browser with enhancements for Telescript agent technology。
所有的这些项目和论文要么需要修改浏览器、新协议的说明(仍旧基于TCP)，要么定义用于把无线和低带宽网络连到因特网作WWW访问的普通网际说明。
于是，需要一种在长等待时间的无线和有线网络的连接中转换TCP的方法
问题2
第二个问题是当前的WWW访问软件未提供压缩、加密或过滤的标准机制。压缩承担减小网络上数据传输量，而不改变信息的内容。压缩支持的大多数提议是需要浏览器的外部实用程序对数据进行解压缩，然后用多用途因特网邮件扩展(MIME，Nathaniael Borenstein等人RFC 1521)类型把有用的输出返回浏览器。
加密是对数据传输进行编码。加密有助于提供安全性，这是因为加密数据传输使非授权团体更难于截取和访问。不幸的是，为这些所需服务所生成的普通开放式标准不大可能支持所有的WWW客户请求。正在开发用WWW软件(即，安全插口层(SSL))的加密标准。然而，按照当前计算机黑客的水平，任何开放式加密标准都不大可能保持长久的完整性。
因此，大多数先进的浏览技术都安装了专有的加密方案，且只能在支持该加密方案的WWW服务器8之间进行工作。这种选件与WWW的开放式标准设计背道而驰。
过滤指按用户定制接收数据的大小、类型或一些其它的特性对WWW响应进行全面控制。在此领域中，通过WWW搜索装置、先进浏览器上的专用高速缓冲实用程序等来进行工作。
这里所指的过滤是一种为粗心大意用户设计的全球化安全网，这些用户可能滥用无线/低带宽数据网络：请求太多数据、检索谬误信息或因WWW请求而导致一些其它不想要的副作用。例如，用户可能向WWW请求一个自己都不知道的极大的数据结果，从而可能使传输很费钱。作为一种安全网，用户可配置一个过滤器自动防止执行特殊请求。
于是，需要用一个WWW接口实现压缩、加密和过滤的特征。
问题3
第三个问题在于，对于WWW服务软件没有标准的方式接收来自网络的异步或非征求更新。现有的浏览器技术是以客户为基础的。诸如NetscapeTM、MosaicTM、LynxTM等大多数流行的浏览器以及其它不太流行的浏览器都要求用户在响应数据被发送到各自浏览器之前初始化一些请求格式。
例如，对WWW提供访问的公司想要从网络内部遥控配置用户的WWW访问系统。由于普通的浏览器不提供这种特征，所以用户必须手工配置构成和更新访问软件。这可能需要服务提供者的支持用传统的话音客户支持线或用户主机系统上定制的代理软件(为了更完整地描述这个问题，参考“ISG：Integrated ServicesGatewav”，Bellcore TM-24856)。
于是，需要一种可接收和实现来自网络或服务提供者的非征求传输的WWW接口，尤其是需要访问网络用的自动配置软件。
发明内容
于是，本发明的一个目的是满足上述需求和其它需求。本发明的一个目的是提供一种与WWW交互的方法和系统，此方法和系统可支持长等待时间环境下的TCP/IP、提供了压缩、加密和过滤服务以及接受和实现来自WWW或服务提供者的非征求信息。
将在以下的描述中提出本发明的其它目的、优点和新特征，本领域内的技术人员阅读了本说明书或实施本发明后对这些会更明了。通过附加的权利要求书可实现和获得本发明的目的和优点。
为了实现以上和其它目的和本发明的用途，在此就发明本身并在广义上加以描述，本发明的系统和方法可用一主机，它在第一位置有一浏览器和一本地代理，在第二位置有一个通过低带宽网络与本地代理进行通信的远地代理；该主机还具有初始化浏览器查询并把它按应用层协议发送到本地代理；把查询的应用层协议转换成适用于低带宽网络上传输的传送协议，把此查询经低带宽网络从本地代理传输到远地代理；以及把传送协议转换成适用于在计算机网络上执行查询的应用层协议的各种手段，以及把查询发送到网络服务器、执行查询并把数据结果返回远地代理；把数据结果转换成适用于在低带宽网络上传输的传送协议；通过低带宽网络把数据结果从远地代理传输到本地代理；把数据结果的传送协议转换成本地代理的应用层协议；以及用应用层协议把数据结果传递到浏览器中的各种手段。
本发明的系统和方法最好还包括生成有压缩、过滤和加密设置的查询正本；为了经低带宽网络从本地代理传输到远地代理而包装查询正本；依据查询正本中的设置来压缩、过滤和加密数据结果；以及为了经低带宽网络从远地代理传输到本地代理而把数据结果放入答复正本的各种手段。
本发明的前景是，依据本发明的目的和用途，本发明的系统还可包括一个与计算机网络通信的系统它有一台主机，该主机有用于用户界面的浏览器和按应用层协议与浏览器进行通信的本地代理装置，本地代理装置有把应用层协议转换成传送协议的装置；用所述传送协议经所述通信路径把所述查询从所述本地代理传输到所述远地代理的装置；把所述数据结果的所述传送协议转换成所述本地代理应用层协议的装置；以及用所述应用层协议把所述数据结果传送到所述客户应用的装置系统还有用传送协议与本地代理装置进行通信的远地代理装置。远地代理装置包括把传送协议转换成应用层协议的装置；用应用层协议把所述数据结果转换成传送协议的装置；以及经所述通信路径把所述数据结果从所述远地代理传输到所述本地代理的装置。
附图概述
在参考附图来揭示本发明时，将更清楚地理解本发明，其中：
图1是示出专用计算机网络与WWW之间的有关防火墙接口的方框图。
图2是示出本发明的分散代理接口方框图。
图3是本发明的本地代理接口进行的协议转换示意图。
图4是本发明的远地代理接口所进行的协议转换示意图。
图5是示出实现本发明的代理接口流程图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
现在将详细地描述本发明的较佳实施例，在附图中示出它的一个例子。
WWW的产生是一场计算机革命，它促使无线数据网络直接参与因特网的爆炸式流行。本发明提供了私人计算机或专用计算机网络与WWW互连的一种方法和系统，该方法和系统支持长等待时间环境下的TCP/IP协议；提供压缩、加密和过滤服务；并通过服务提供者接受和传输非征求信息，本发明还允许从使膝上型或个人数字设备(assistant)(PDA)以移动(无线)终端直接访问WWW。
例如，通过修改代理即图1的元件4可实现本发明的WWW接口，以完成所需功能。经修改的代理将成为分散代理系统(如08/309,336号美国申请中所述，有时也叫做代理人技术)，该系统能用作一种防火墙，或者可以是在个人计算机甚至膝上型计算机(它可具有无线或有线网络访问WWW)的背景下运行的应用程序。
参考图2，本发明的接口是经修改的分散代理。分散代理包括本地代理56和远地代理66，它们都是能够转换和恢复WWW请求的软件模块。
用户通过按TCP/IP与WWW进行通信的网浏览器54来操作用户终端52。本地代理56是在用户终端52的背景下运行的软件包。在出现长等待时间问题时，依据本发明原理，本地代理56将转换浏览器所使用的TCP/IP协议与可靠性高得足以通过通信网络把数据运送到远地代理的协议之间的数据请求/传输。
在图2所示的实施例中，用户正通过无线网络访问WWW。例如，无线调制解调器58使用诸如AirBossTM无线传送协议等低带宽优化协议来与基站60进行通信。有时，本地代理56把低带宽优化协议转换成TCP/IP。
通过无线网络62把本地代理所包装的请求正本(见图5-普通浏览器使用流程)传输到远地代理66。远地代理66在TCP/IP协议和诸如AirBossTM无线传送协议等低带宽优化协议之间进行必要的协议转换，把用户连到WWW(因特网)68。
本发明提供了使支持代理服务的标准网浏览器可适用于无线和低带宽网浏览的几种方法。通过描述三组方法来说明本发明，这三组方法分别对应于以上所述的第一、第二和第三个问题。
方法组1
要克服的第一个问题是，在长等待时间例如超过大约3到5秒网络上用TCP/IP来传输数据。解决问题1的方法和系统要包括协议转换。协议转换指把具有单个请求/响应对的TCP应用请求(即，HTTP、SMTP、Gopher和WAIS)包装成一种面向连接的协议，当传输数据的通信网络尤其是无线和其它低带宽网络上碰到长等待时间时，它能起作用。
由分散代理来实现协议转换。在主机上启动本地代理，用户还初始化标准网浏览器。用户或由本地代理把网浏览器配置成与本地代理进行通信。后者的配置选项是较佳的，因为它避免了来自用户的相当复杂的代理配置问题。然而，代理必须知道用户在使用哪一个浏览器。
一旦启动和正确配置了本地代理和网浏览器，则浏览器通过本地代理集中所有的WWW请求。然后，本地代理取出浏览器的WWW请求并把它转换成网络所使用的适当的低带宽优化协议(例如，基于UDP/IP的AirBossTM无线传送协议)。
远地代理能接收来自本地代理的经转换的正本形式并可完成代表浏览器的原始请求操作。一旦远地代理接收到转换请求的数据，则根据原始正本对数据进行加密、压缩和过滤，和/或把数据包装成优化协议并送回本地代理(将在以下所述的方法2和3中会更详细地描述)。本地代理接收被包装的响应，打开它，并把最终的响应返回浏览器。
参考图3，将描述请求WWW数据的例子。网浏览器54输出先进OSI协议层或包括TCP/IP的应用层协议70所表达的请求。把该请求传输到本地代理56，它把该请求转换成诸如基于UDP/IP的AirBossTM无线传送协议等低带宽优化协议72。然后，经由网络访问设备，即调制解调器58，把包装的请求提交给低带宽网络。
参考图4，请求通过低带宽网络到达普通服务网点74。然后，把包装的请求提交给远地代理66，它把该包装的请求从低带宽优化协议(例如，AirBossTM传送协议)转换成由网浏览器原始产生的应用层协议，并把此浏览器的请求提交给因特网。
对于远地代理和本地代理之间的通信，多线程处理是重要的。多线程处理是指让应用程序好像在同一时间能进行几个操作的编程/操作系统规范。在本发明的开发期间，发现分散代理应该能对请求/响应对进行多线程处理。由于大多数WWW浏览器支持多线程客户请求/响应，所以分散代理也应该这么做，以便于完全适用于WWW访问规范。
在本发明的分散代理中实现多线程处理需要在本地代理和远地代理之间有一个事务(transaction)系统，使装有请求的内部正本与对浏览器所预定的响应正本相匹配。在代理之间实现精确的事务系统并不重要，如何根据本发明所揭示的内容来构成这样的事务系统对本领域内的普通技术人员是明显的。在方法组1和2中所述的协议和交易机构是基于08/309,336号申请中所述的个人通信因特网(PCI)工作系统。
事务系统越复杂，本发明的方法和系统越好，则使终端用户可在低带宽网络上浏览WWW。本发明的以下方法基于这个发现。
支持多线程请求/响应对的好处在于，一个主机，用一个本地代理支持多个浏览器。
方法组2
随着WWW的发展以及现有协议的层出不穷而满足用户数据传输的需要，产生了利用退出协议的网浏览器。在当前的WWW访问软件中，数据的安全性和紧凑性的需要受到广泛关注。结果，使用TCP/IP的万维网浏览器不能对传输数据提供加密、压缩或过滤。
WWW的主要协议即W3C已考虑到数据在WWW上安全传输的标准。然而，使用此网络范围标准的问题在于，一旦发布这些标准，黑客们将开始致力于通过协议说明书来找到击败安全性测量的方法。
相应地，本发明的一个目的是一些代理软件，这些软件包括仍旧利用WWW开放性的专用方式的压缩、加密和过滤工具。于是，远地和本地代理之间包括压缩和加密算法的事务系统可以是由服务提供者为其客户的使用所设计的专用系统。
也可以由分散代理来实现过滤工具。在本发明中，过滤指对低带宽网络进行总控制。例如，在浏览器提交信息请求时，它们一般不知道要检索多少信息。依据本发明的原理，本地代理接受用户的过滤配置指令，然后这些指令被传输到远地代理，并由远地代理来实施。然后，远地代理可完成诸如检查对用户数据请求的响应并停止过大的数据结果例如以免用户系统溢出等功能。
总之，最好把加密和压缩算法放置在本地代理和远地代理之间，而不是把它置于一个新的网浏览器中。注意，这些算法可以专用方式加以保护。本领域内的普通技术人员容易根据众所周知的原理为服务提供者设计出一套唯一的加密和压缩算法。
另一方面，尽管诸如W3C已考虑的这些算法的标准有易受破坏、开放且众所周知的缺点，但它们还具有例如交互操作的优点。交互操作允许不同的代理过程使远地和本地代理一起起作用。这还可以让不同计算机平台的制造商把它们的平台相互桥接。
无论是专用的还是开放式的，实现压缩、加密和过滤的正本至少应包括以下几个方面：
A.支持加密。例如，用于保证电子数据的安全金钱交易的MD5(Message-Digest消息-摘要)密码算法。
B.支持多种类型的压缩(应根据正本中的数据类型来选择压缩)。例如，文本数据上用LZW(Lempel-Ziv-Welck)压缩算法。
C.至少支持负过滤器或正过滤器。例如，可用下列一个或多个过滤算法：
负过滤器-响应正本不应包括任何二进制数据或响应正本不应大于这个大小。
正过滤器-响应正本应包括带有“无线”的所有文本行。
如果在远地和本地代理之间路径的任何点上尤其是在无线环境下存在某个故障，则本地和远地代理之间的事务系统必须能作适当响应。例如，如果不能把正本提交给无线网络，或正本不能到达远地代理，或远地代理不能访问互联网，则事务系统必须作出适当响应。
方法组3
最后的问题起因于WWW访问软件，即网浏览器最初把WWW设计成客户。客户软件自身一般不能接收来自网络的异步或非征求更新。这在服务提供者想要给用户提供访问软件，然后用户遥控(在网络内部)管理软件配置时会产生问题。本发明的这个特征是为大服务提供者提供一条可满足客户需要的WWW访问途径。
注意，当前所用的网浏览器设计不能接受和实施这些更新。相反，服务提供者可换新的更新软件。如果用户进行大规模的操作，则实施一个更新甚至可能需要服务技师重新安装软件、重新配置软件和排除故障。此外，用户还可能不得不呼叫一客户支持热线并等待口头指令来支持更新的安装。
依据本发明的原理，服务提供者可使用分散代理接口提供更简单和更有效的解决方案。使用为服务提供者的系统所设计的加密和安全协议，服务提供者可在用户自己的系统上访问用户的WWW访问软件，并立即安装、配置或更新该软件。此方法还可合并用户的报文以指明服务提供者所采取的动作。
本发明的解决方案是配置能异步/非征求接收的正本的本地代理，这些正本被设计成可因类似于软件更新、配置变化或新服务广告等事来变更终端用户的主机系统。理论上，本地代理应不间断地在用户系统的背景下运行，即使在网浏览软件不运行时也可接收和实现这样的通信。
由于本地代理不是浏览器的一部分且应一直运行来接收这些异步网络上载，所以要把本发明设计成小的而且模块化，以限制系统资源量。这个特征避免了与其它安装软件之间的不想要的相互作用(即，存储器分配、IP端口赋佳等)。
较佳实施方式
将参考图5来描述本发明的流程图。图5流程图的顶部列出一系列实体相应于本发明主要部件，包括网浏览器54、本地代理56、远地代理66和WWW的外部网服务器68。该流程图分别示出这些部件在启动过程、普通浏览器使用过程和服务更新过程中的相互作用。
网浏览器54和本地代理56设计在同一主机或用户终端52上共存地运行。然而，远地代理66和外部网服务器不必是共存的。远地代理66只须能访问和与外部网服务器进行通信。
图5中的箭头表示从一个实体向另一个实体通信或传送数据。箭头规定了动作所指的方向。顶部从上到下的线表不处理步骤产生的时间线和序列。
图5所示的第一流程是启动流程。这基本上是系统如何在终端用户主机上激活。在所有的流程描述中，假设远地代理和外部网服务器已经运行(从终端用户的观点，用一个系统管理程序来维护和启动这些系统没有相互作用)。所产生的第一动作是终端用户启动本地代理。这仅仅意味着启动是在多线程操作系统的背景下启动和运行应用程序。例如，操作系统可以是WindowsTM Version 3.1操作系统。
在启动本地代理后，本地代理有两个任务。如果用户主机上指定浏览器类型，则本地代理应配置和启动该浏览器。有些浏览器必须在被启动前进行配置，而有些浏览器必须先启动然后再配置。这与所使用的浏览器的类型有关。浏览器可以是支持代理服务的任何常用浏览器类型。
如果不知道浏览器类型，则终端用户必须为本地代理手工启动和配置浏览器。在此情况下，终端用户必须知道所用网浏览器有关的足够多的信息，从而他能手工配置浏览器作代理服务。
图5所示的第二流程是普通浏览器使用流程。这个流程示出浏览器已被启动和配置后的本发明的处理步骤。终端用户首先提交一标准网请求。这基本上意味着用户指点并单击超级链路或打开一对话框并进入，这通常被叫做统一资源定位器(URL)。例如，这就是因特网的公众如何识别和访问WWW上的数据结果。
普通浏览器使用流程的下一个步骤是把从浏览器发出查询提交给本地代理。本地代理产生一查询正本，在正本中有定义数据结果压缩类型或可用的压缩类型的设置。本地代理还在正本中放置该数据结果的过滤和加密类型的设置。这些设置提供了安全性，用户还将控制作为响应该查询返回的信息。
在产生该正本后，把该正本发送到远地代理。远地代理分析此查询正本并提取由浏览器最初所提交的打包查询。然后，远地代理按照标准网数据结果请求来执行查询。
外部网服务器在接收到该查询后将返回与该查询有关的适当数据结果。这一点不需作特别强调。这只是用任何适当的WWW协议的计算机网络上的传统客户到服务器请求。例如，可用超文本传送协议、文件传送协议、简单的邮件传送协议或邮局协议。
在数据结果返回远地代理后，远地代理用在原始查询正本的规定对它进行压缩、过滤和加密。还包括把数据结果改成发送回本地代理所需的正确格式。压缩、过滤和加密格式化成一答复正本。
完全这些动作并发送到本地代理后，本地代理把答复正本与请求正本相匹配。一旦答复正本与请求正本匹配，要知道把该信息发送到哪个浏览器和哪个位置。然后，本地代理分析答复正本并提取内部数据结果。于是，本地代理需要从答复正本做两件事。答复正本必须与请求相匹配，且本地代理必须从中提取数据结果并把它发送到操作系统中的适当位置，使浏览器可在视窗中显示该结果。
图5所示的第三个流程是服务更新或服务正本流程。它适用于这样一种情况，一个更新服务用的网络管理程序能从网络内部遥控配置终端用户的主机系统。远地代理产生一服务正本。例如，如果在终端用户的远地系统上发送和配置一个新的HTML主页，则会产生一服务正本以指令本地代理把HTML写成分配文件。服务正本将包含作为数据结果的HTML页，一旦以适当的形式完成了该正本，则将发送到本地代理。
本地代理有一个任务分析服务正本，抽出动作和与该动作有关的任何数据结果，并完成请求的动作。因此，为了完成这个例子，本地代理将进行分析以找出要请求什么动作(写一个新的HTML主页)、提取数据结果(新的HTML主页)，然后把数据结果写入本地文件分配。箭头示出有时适于把信息显示在浏览器中。有时，这将是不可能的，本地代理要显示对话框或某些动作的其它用户界面通知。能接收异步更新的浏览器会收到通知，本地代理将初始化该动作并把任何适当用户界面控制发送到浏览器以向用户显示已经在本地主机系统上执行了的动作。
用本发明在用户和WWW之间所设定的接口能提供协议转换、压缩、加密、过滤和自动服务更新，从而大大改善了与这些极有价值资源的连接。对于压缩，可以直接节约终端用户在无线网络环境下所要求的本发明的代理服务。大多数无线网络提供者都有每一笔费用或批量的统售价格(例如，高达1MB数据的固定比率)。该链路上的数据压缩实现直接节约。经验测量示出标准的HTML数据包括正本开销常能压缩到原始负荷的50％-60％。这意味着客户可用同一价格来检索两倍的WWW数据。
本发明提供了一种方法用一个网络管理程序直接管理客户的主机配置、进一步不需要更多的可靠技术支持线来排除故障也不要求客户学习复杂的设置软件。此外，本发明还在开发新的自动服务。
在本发明中所实施的技术最适用于被ISP、PDA和Laptop的制造商、无线网络提供者、无线系统集成者和想要成为ISP的电话提供者所使用。也可把此技术与其它生产线结合起来，以增强与WWW紧密结合并具有可移动部件。
应理解，本发明不限于以上所述以及在附图中示出的准确结构或处理步骤，可进行各种修改和变化，而不背离本发明的精神和范围。本发明的精神和范围将只限于附加的权利要求书。

Claims (25)

1.一种经通信路径使主机与第一位置上的客户端以及第二位置上的服务器之间进行通信的方法，其特征在于包括：
把本地代理置于第一位置；
把通过所述通信路径与所述本地代理进行通信的远地代理置于第二位置或所述第一位置和第二位置之间；
初始化所述客户端上的查询并使用应用层协议把所述查询发送到所述本地代理；
把所述查询的所述应用层协议转换成传送协议；
用所述传送协议经所述通信路径把所述查询从所述本地代理传输到所述远地代理；
把所传输的查询的所述传送协议转换成能在所述服务器上执行所述查询的应用层协议；
所述服务器执行所述查询，以获得数据结果；
把所述数据结果转换成传送协议；
用所述传送协议经所述通信路径上把所述数据结果从所述远地代理传输到所述本地代理；
把所传输数据结果的所述传送协议转换成所述本地代理的应用层协议；以及
用所述应用层协议把所述数据结果传送到所述客户端。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述通信路径是长等待时间通信路径。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述通信路径是无线网络。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于还包括启动操作，所述启动操作包括以下步骤：
启动所述主机上的所述本地代理；
用所述本地代理配置和启动所述客户端。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于转换所述查询的所述应用层协议的所述步骤还包括以下步骤：
生成有压缩、过滤和加密设置的查询正本；以及
为了经所述通信路径从所述本地代理传输到所述远地代理而包装所述查询正本。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于转换所述数据结果的所述应用层协议的所述步骤还包括以下步骤：
依据所述查询正本中的所述设置压缩、过滤和加密所述数据结果；以及
为了经所述通信路径从所述远地代理传输到所述本地代理把所述数据结果放入答复正本。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于还包括以下步骤：
在所述本地代理一旦收到所述答复正本时把所述答复正本与所述查询正本相匹配；
把所述答复正本发送到所述客户端；
打开所述答复正本中的所述数据结果；以及
在所述第一位置处显示所述数据结果。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于还包括所述步骤：
在所述远地代理生成服务正本；
把所述服务正本从所述远地代理传输到所述本地代理；
分析所述服务正本并从所述服务正本中提取所请求动作和数据结果；以及
所述本地代理执行服务动作。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于还包括给所述代理至少提供一种用于加密数据传输的加密算法。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于还包括所述远地代理过滤从所述服务器到所述主机的数据传输。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于还包括所述代理压缩所述服务器和所述主机之间的数据传输的步骤。
12.一种经通信路径使主机与第一位置上的客户端以及第二位置上的服务器之间进行通信的系统，其特征在于包括：
所述第一位置上的本地代理；
所述第二位置上通过所述通信路径与所述本地代理进行通信的远地代理；
所述主机包括初始化所述客户端上的查询并用应用层协议把所述查询发送到所述本地代理的装置；
所述服务器包括用于执行所述查询的装置以及把数据结果返回所述远地代理的装置；
所述本地代理包括：
把所述查询的所述应用层协议转换成传送协议的装置；
用所述传送协议经所述通信路径把所述查询从所述本地代理传输到所述远地代理的装置；
把所述数据结果的所述传送协议转换成所述本地代理应用层协议的装置；以及
用所述应用层协议把所述数据结果传送到所述客户端的装置；以及
所述远地代理包括：
把所述传送协议转换成在所述服务器上执行所述查询的应用层协议的装置；
把所述数据结果转换成传送协议的装置；
经所述通信路径把所述数据结果从所述远地代理传输到所述本地代理的装置。
13.如权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
根据所述客户端启动所述本地代理的装置；
用所述本地代理配置和启动所述客户端的装置。
14.如权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于用于转换所述查询的所述应用层协议的所述装置还包括：
生成有压缩、过滤和加密设置的查询正本的装置；以及
为了经所述通信路径上从所述本地代理传输到所述远地代理而包装所述查询正本的装置。
15.如权利要求14所述的系统，其特征在于用于转换所述数据结果的所述应用层协议的所述装置还包括：
依据所述查询正本中设置压缩、过滤和加密所述数据结果的装置；以及
为了经所述通信路径从所述远地代理传输到所述本地代理把所述数据结果放入答复正本的装置。
16.如权利要求15所述的系统，其特征在于还包括：
所述本地代理收到所述答复正本时，把所述答复正本与所述查询正本相匹配的装置；
把所述答复正本发送到所述客户端的装置；
打开所述答复正本中的所述数据结果的装置；以及
在所述第一位置显示所述数据结果的装置。
17.如权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于还包括：
生成所述远地代理服务正本的装置；
把所述服务正本从所述远地代理传输到所述本地代理的装置；
用于分析所述服务正本并从中提取请求动作和数据结果的装置；以及
所述本地代理执行服务动作的装置。
18.如权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于所述通信路径是长等待时间通信路径。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于所述通信路径包含是无线网络。
20.一种与远地服务器通信的系统，其特征在于所述系统包括：
有用作用户接口的客户端的主机；
用应用层协议与所述客户端通信的本地代理装置，所述本地代理装置有把所述应用层协议转换成传送协议的装置；
用所述传送协议与所述本地代理装置通信的远地代理装置，所述远地代理装置有用于把所述传送协议转换成所述应用层协议的装置，所述远地代理装置还有用所述应用层协议与所述远地服务器进行通信的装置。
21.如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于所述本地代理和所述远地代理通过长等待时间的通信路径进行通信。
22.如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于所述本地代理和所述远地代理通过无线网络进行通信。
23.如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于所述代理至少有一种加密算法用于加密数据传输。
24.如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于所述远地代理过滤到所述主机的数据传输。
25.如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于所述两个代理压缩所述服务器和所述主机之间的数据传输。
CNB961802286A 1996-03-22 1996-03-26 远地代理系统和方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1155197C (zh)

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