CN115279850A - 涂料组合物及模内被覆方法 - Google Patents
涂料组合物及模内被覆方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115279850A CN115279850A CN202180021020.5A CN202180021020A CN115279850A CN 115279850 A CN115279850 A CN 115279850A CN 202180021020 A CN202180021020 A CN 202180021020A CN 115279850 A CN115279850 A CN 115279850A
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- mold
- coating composition
- acid
- resin
- hydroxyl
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- -1 isocyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 83
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 47
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 47
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 47
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 45
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- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GJAPSKMAVXDBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GJAPSKMAVXDBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供可形成与基材的密合性优异的涂膜的涂料组合物。具体地,本发明提供一种涂料组合物,其含有:含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)和数均分子量为100~1000的范围内的含羟基的芳族化合物(C),其中,所述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)含有选自含羟基树脂(A1)和含氨基树脂(A2)中的至少1种树脂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料组合物及模内被覆方法(模具内被覆方法)。
背景技术
以往,为了对基材表面赋予优异的外观和性能等,在该基材表面上涂装涂料组合物,使所形成的湿涂膜固化而形成涂膜。近年来,从减轻环境负荷的观点考虑,要求减少涂料组合物中的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和降低涂装时的空调能量等。由于挥发性有机溶剂通常具有降低涂料粘度的作用,因此为了减少涂料的VOC,必须降低涂料的粘度。
另外,一般而言,汽车车身具有形成车身的金属材料和形成保险杠等的树脂材料。近年来,由于树脂材料的强度提高等,在以往使用金属材料的部位,正在推进从金属材料向更轻量的树脂材料的转换。
树脂材料的涂装方法有多种,作为其涂装方法之一,有模内涂装。模内涂装是指将树脂材料在模具内成型后,向成型物与模具内壁之间注入涂料,使涂料固化后,从模具中取出被涂膜覆盖的成型物的涂装方法。在该涂装方法中,在封闭的系统中进行从涂装到固化。为了避免气泡等涂膜的不良情况,要求基本上为无溶剂。
另外,在汽车领域中,要求涂膜与基材的密合性。
专利文献1中公开了一种用于模内涂装的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)向具备至少2个孔的模具的第1模孔内将塑料基板成型,成型为成型塑料基板的步骤;(b)将该成型塑料基板导入该模具的第2模孔中的步骤;(c)向含有该成型塑料基板的该第2模孔中导入包含(i)含异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合物和(ii)多异氰酸酯的涂料组合物的步骤;(d)在该第2模孔内在特定的固化条件下使该涂料组合物固化的步骤;以及,(e)打开该模孔,仅靠重力或仅通过吸力从该第2模孔中释放涂布的成型基板的步骤。另外记载了:通过该方法,涂布的成型基板在从模具中取出时显示出优异的脱模特性。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特表2017-534477
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
专利文献1记载的技术存在涂膜对基材的密合性不充分的情况。
本发明的目的在于,提供可形成与基材的密合性(附着性)优异的涂膜的涂料组合物。
解决课题的手段
本发明人等为了达成上述目的而反复进行了深入研究,结果发现,根据一种涂料组合物,能够实现上述目的,所述涂料组合物含有:含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)和数均分子量为100~1000范围内的含羟基的芳族化合物(C)。
即,本发明涉及下述<1>~<8>。
<1>一种涂料组合物,其含有:含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)和数均分子量为100~1000的范围内的含羟基的芳族化合物(C)。
<2>根据<1>所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)含有选自含羟基树脂(A1)和含氨基树脂(A2)中的至少1种树脂。
<3>根据<1>或<2>所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)的数均分子量为140~900的范围内。
<4>根据<1>~<3>任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)具有1个羟基。
<5>根据<1>~<4>任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)具有2~4个芳环结构。
<6>根据<1>~<5>任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述涂料组合物的固体成分为95质量%以上。
<7>根据<1>~<6>任一项所述的涂料组合物,其还包含内脱模剂(D)。
<8>一种模内被覆方法,其包括以下工序:在模具内将树脂材料加热成型,接着向得到的成型物和模具内壁之间注入模内被覆涂料组合物,使该模内被覆涂料组合物固化后,从模具中取出被覆的成型物;其中,模内被覆涂料组合物为<1>~<7>任一项所述的涂料组合物。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供可形成与基材的密合性优异的涂膜的涂料组合物。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明进行描述,但它们示出的只是优选实施方式的一例,本发明并不限定于这些内容。
[涂料组合物]
本发明的涂料组合物含有:含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)和数均分子量为100~1000的范围内的含羟基的芳族化合物(C)。
[含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)]
含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)为1分子中具有至少1个异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂。
作为上述异氰酸酯反应性基团,只要是与异氰酸酯基具有反应性的基团,就没有特别限制。作为该异氰酸酯反应性基团,例如可举出:羟基、氨基、羧基、硫醇基等,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性以及所形成的涂膜的光泽等的观点考虑,优选羟基和氨基。因此,上述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)优选含有选自含羟基树脂(A1)和含氨基树脂(A2)中的至少1种树脂。
作为上述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A),从提高得到的涂料组合物的耐起泡性(耐ワキ性)等的观点考虑,优选含有含羟基树脂(A1)。
另外,从抑制得到的涂料组合物的粘度等的观点考虑,作为上述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A),优选含有含氨基树脂(A2)。
[含羟基树脂(A1)]
上述含羟基树脂(A1)为1分子中具有至少1个羟基的树脂。作为该含羟基树脂(A1),例如可举出:具有羟基的——聚酯树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、丙烯酸改性聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚醚树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、环氧树脂、醇酸树脂等树脂。它们可以分别单独使用或组合使用2种以上。另外,从得到的涂料组合物的固化性和粘度抑制等的观点考虑,该含羟基树脂(A1)优选为含羟基的聚酯树脂。
[含羟基的聚酯树脂]
含羟基的聚酯树脂通常可以通过酸成分与醇成分的酯化反应或酯交换反应来制造。
作为上述酸成分,在制造上述含羟基的聚酯树脂时,可以使用通常用作多元羧酸的化合物。作为上述多元羧酸,例如可举出:脂族多元酸、脂环族多元酸、芳族多元酸等。
上述脂族多元酸通常为1分子中具有2个以上羧基的脂族化合物、该脂族化合物的酸酐及该脂族化合物的酯化物。作为脂族多元酸,例如可举出:琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一烷二酸、十二烷二酸、十三烷二酸、十八烷二酸、柠檬酸、丁烷四羧酸等脂族多元羧酸;该脂族多元羧酸的酸酐;该脂族多元羧酸的碳数1~6、优选1~4的低级烷基酯化物等。上述脂族多元酸可以分别单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
上述脂环族多元酸通常为1分子中具有1个以上脂环式结构和2个以上羧基的化合物、该化合物的酸酐及该化合物的酯化物。脂环式结构主要可以为4~6元环结构。作为脂环族多元酸,例如可举出:1,2-环己烷二甲酸、1,3-环己烷二甲酸、1,4-环己烷二甲酸、4-环己烯-1,2-二甲酸、3-甲基-1,2-环己烷二甲酸、4-甲基-1,2-环己烷二甲酸、1,2,4-环己烷三甲酸、1,3,5-环己烷三甲酸等脂环族多元羧酸;该脂环族多元羧酸的酐;该脂环族多元羧酸的碳数1~6、优选1~4的低级烷基酯化物等。上述脂环族多元酸可以分别单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
上述芳族多元酸通常为1分子中具有2个以上羧基的芳族化合物、该芳族化合物的酸酐及该芳族化合物的酯化物。作为芳族多元酸,例如可举出:邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸、4,4’-联苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、均苯四酸等芳族多元羧酸;该芳族多元羧酸的酸酐;该芳族多元羧酸的碳数1~6、优选1~4的低级烷基酯化物等。上述芳族多元酸可以分别单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
另外,可以使用上述脂族多元酸、脂环族多元酸及芳族多元酸以外的酸成分。作为上述酸成分,没有特别限定,例如可举出:椰油脂肪酸、棉籽油脂肪酸、火麻仁油脂肪酸、米糠油脂肪酸、鱼油脂肪酸、妥尔油脂肪酸、大豆油脂肪酸、亚麻籽油脂肪酸、桐油脂肪酸、菜籽油脂肪酸、蓖麻油脂肪酸、脱水蓖麻油脂肪酸、红花油脂肪酸等脂肪酸;月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、苯甲酸、对叔丁基苯甲酸、环己烷酸、10-苯基十八烷酸等单羧酸;乳酸、3-羟基丁酸、3-羟基-4-乙氧基苯甲酸等羟基羧酸等。这些酸成分可以分别单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
作为上述醇成分,可以优选使用1分子中具有2个以上羟基的多元醇。作为该多元醇,例如可举出:乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇、三亚甲基二醇、四甘醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,2-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、3-甲基-1,2-丁二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,4-戊二醇、2,4-戊二醇、2,3-二甲基三亚甲基二醇、四亚甲基二醇、3-甲基-4,3-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,5-己二醇、1,4-己二醇、2,5-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、三环癸烷二甲醇、羟基新戊酸新戊二醇酯、氢化双酚A、氢化双酚F、二羟甲基丙酸等2元醇;在这些2元醇中加成ε-己内酯等内酯化合物而成的聚内酯二醇;对苯二甲酸双(羟乙基)酯等酯二醇化合物;双酚A的环氧烷加成物、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇等聚醚二醇化合物;甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、二甘油、三甘油、1,2,6-己三醇、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇等3元以上的醇;在这些3元以上的醇中加成ε-己内酯等内酯化合物而得到的聚内酯多元醇化合物;甘油的脂肪酸酯化物等。
另外,也可以使用上述多元醇以外的醇成分。作为该醇成分,没有特别限定,例如可举出:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、硬脂醇、2-苯氧基乙醇等一元醇;环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、“Cardura E10”(商品名,Hexion公司制,合成高支链饱和脂肪酸的缩水甘油酯)等单环氧化合物与酸反应而得到的醇化合物等。
上述含羟基的聚酯树脂的制造方法没有特别限定,可以按照通常的方法进行。例如,通过将上述酸成分与上述醇成分在氮气流中在150~250℃左右加热5~10小时左右以进行该酸成分与该醇成分的酯化反应或酯交换反应的方法,可以制造含羟基的聚酯多元醇树脂。
在使上述酸成分与上述醇成分进行酯化反应或酯交换反应时,可以向反应容器中一次性添加这些成分,也可以将这些成分的一方或两者分几次添加。另外,首先,可以合成上述含羟基的聚酯树脂,然后使得到的该含羟基的聚酯树脂与酸酐反应而半酯化以制成含羧基和羟基的聚酯树脂。另外,首先,可以合成含羧基的聚酯树脂,然后加成上述醇成分来制造该含羟基的聚酯树脂。
在所述酯化或酯交换反应时,作为用于促进反应的催化剂,可以使用二丁基氧化锡、三氧化锑、醋酸锌、醋酸锰、醋酸钴、醋酸钙、醋酸铅、钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四异丙酯等本身已知的催化剂。
另外,所述含羟基的聚酯树脂在该树脂的制造中或制造后,可以用脂肪酸、单环氧化合物、多异氰酸酯化合物等改性。
作为上述脂肪酸,例如可举出:椰油脂肪酸、棉籽油脂肪酸、火麻仁油脂肪酸、米糠油脂肪酸、鱼油脂肪酸、妥尔油脂肪酸、大豆油脂肪酸、亚麻籽油脂肪酸、桐油脂肪酸、菜籽油脂肪酸、蓖麻油脂肪酸、脱水蓖麻油脂肪酸、红花油脂肪酸等,作为上述单环氧化合物,例如可优选使用“Cardura E10P”(商品名,Hexion公司制,合成高支链饱和脂肪酸的缩水甘油酯)。
另外,作为上述多异氰酸酯化合物,例如可举出:赖氨酸二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯等脂族二异氰酸酯化合物;氢化苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷-2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷-2,6-二异氰酸酯、4,4’-亚甲基双(环己基异氰酸酯)、1,3-(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷等脂环族二异氰酸酯化合物;甲苯二异氰酸酯、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯等芳族二异氰酸酯化合物;赖氨酸三异氰酸酯等3元以上的多异氰酸酯等有机多异氰酸酯其本身;这些各有机多异氰酸酯与多元醇、低分子量聚酯树脂、水等的加成物;这些各有机多异氰酸酯彼此的环化聚合物(例如异氰尿酸酯)、缩二脲型加成物等。这些多异氰酸酯化合物可以单独使用或混合使用2种以上。
从得到的涂料组合物的固化性和形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的聚酯树脂通常优选具有1~600mgKOH/g、特别是100~550mgKOH/g,更特别是300~540mgKOH/g的范围内的羟值。
另外,从抑制得到的涂料组合物的粘度、提高耐起泡性、所形成的涂膜的硬度及所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的聚酯树脂通常优选具有100~10,000、特别是200~5,000,更特别是250~2,000的范围内的数均分子量。
另外,从抑制得到的涂料组合物的粘度、提高耐起泡性、所形成的涂膜的硬度及所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的聚酯树脂通常优选具有-80℃~5℃、特别是-70℃~3℃,更特别是-60℃~0℃的范围内的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。
予以说明,本说明书中,由化学式表示的物质的数均分子量及重均分子量为由化学式计算出的分子量。
另外,不由化学式明确的物质的数均分子量和重均分子量是将使用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定的保留时间(保留体积)通过在相同条件下测定的分子量已知的标准聚苯乙烯的保留时间(保留体积)换算成聚苯乙烯的分子量而求得的值。具体而言,作为凝胶渗透色谱装置,使用“HLC-8120GPC”(商品名,东曹公司制),作为色谱柱,使用“TSKgelG4000HXL”、“TSKgelG3000HXL”、“TSKgelG2500HXL”和“TSKgelG2000HXL”(商品名,均为东曹公司制)共4根,作为检测器,使用差示折射计,在流动相:四氢呋喃、测定温度:40℃、流速:1mL/min的条件下测定。
玻璃化转变温度例如可以如下测定:使用差示扫描量热计“DSC-50Q型”(岛津制作所制,商品名),将样品取到测定杯中,进行真空抽吸而完全除去溶剂后,以3℃/分钟的升温速度在-100℃~150℃的范围测定热量变化,将低温侧的最初的基线的变化点作为静态玻璃化转变温度,由此测定。
[含羟基的丙烯酸系树脂]
含羟基的丙烯酸系树脂例如可以通过将含羟基的聚合性不饱和单体和可与该含羟基的聚合性不饱和单体共聚的其他聚合性不饱和单体通过本身已知的方法,例如有机溶剂中的溶液聚合法、水中的乳液聚合法等方法共聚来制造。
上述含羟基的聚合性不饱和单体是1分子中具有1个以上羟基和1个以上聚合性不饱和键的化合物。作为该含羟基的聚合性不饱和单体,例如可举出:(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯等(甲基)丙烯酸与碳数2~8的2元醇的单酯化物;该(甲基)丙烯酸与碳数2~8的2元醇的单酯化物的ε-己内酯改性物;N-羟基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺;烯丙醇、以及具有分子末端为羟基的聚氧化乙烯链的(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
但是,本发明中,相当于后述的(xvii)具有紫外线吸收性官能团的聚合性不饱和单体的单体应当被定义为上述可与含羟基的聚合性不饱和单体共聚的其他聚合性不饱和单体,不属于含羟基的聚合性不饱和单体。它们可以单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
作为上述可与含羟基的聚合性不饱和单体共聚的其他聚合性不饱和单体,例如可以使用下述单体(i)~(xx)等。这些聚合性不饱和单体可以单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
(i)(甲基)丙烯酸烷基或环烷基酯:例如,(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸壬基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十三烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异硬脂基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲基环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁基环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸三环癸基酯等。
(ii)具有异冰片基的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯等。
(iii)具有金刚烷基的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸金刚烷基酯等。
(iv)具有三环癸烯基的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸三环癸烯基酯等。
(v)含芳环的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯等。
(vi)具有烷氧基甲硅烷基的聚合性不饱和单体:乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧硅烷、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、γ-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷等。
(vii)具有氟代烷基的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸全氟丁基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸全氟辛基乙酯等(甲基)丙烯酸全氟烷基酯;氟烯烃等。
(viii)具有马来酰亚胺基等光聚合性官能团的聚合性不饱和单体。
(ix)乙烯基化合物:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯、丁二烯、氯丁二烯、丙酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯等。
(x)含羧基的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸、巴豆酸、(甲基)丙烯酸β-羧乙酯等。
(xi)含氮聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酰胺、(甲基)丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸N,N-二乙氨基乙酯、N,N-二甲氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、亚甲基双(甲基)丙烯酰胺、亚乙基双(甲基)丙烯酰胺、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯与胺化合物的加成物等。
(xii)1分子中具有2个以上聚合性不饱和基团的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙基酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸新戊二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯等。
(xiii)含环氧基的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸β-甲基缩水甘油基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3,4-环氧环己基甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3,4-环氧环己基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3,4-环氧环己基丙酯、烯丙基缩水甘油基醚等。
(xiv)具有分子末端为烷氧基的聚氧化乙烯链的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
(xv)具有磺酸基的聚合性不饱和单体:2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酸2-磺乙酯、烯丙基磺酸、4-苯乙烯磺酸等;这些磺酸的钠盐和铵盐等。
(xvi)具有磷酸基的聚合性不饱和单体:(甲基)丙烯酸酸式磷酰氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酸式磷酰氧基丙酯、酸式磷酰氧基聚(氧亚乙基)二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、酸式磷酰氧基聚(氧亚丙基)二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
(xvii)具有紫外线吸收性官能团的聚合性不饱和单体:2-羟基-4-(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-(3-丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)二苯甲酮、2,2'-二羟基-4-(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)二苯甲酮、2,2'-二羟基-4-(3-丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)二苯甲酮、2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑等。
(xviii)光稳定性聚合性不饱和单体:4-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶、4-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-氰基-4-(甲基)丙烯酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(甲基)丙烯酰基-4-(甲基)丙烯酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(甲基)丙烯酰基-4-氰基-4-(甲基)丙烯酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-巴豆酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-巴豆酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-巴豆酰基-4-巴豆酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶等。
(xix)具有羰基的聚合性不饱和单体:丙烯醛、二丙酮丙烯酰胺、二丙酮甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯、甲酰基苯乙烯、具有4~7个碳原子的乙烯基烷基酮(例如,乙烯基甲基酮、乙烯基乙基酮、乙烯基丁基酮)等。
(xx)具有酸酐基的聚合性不饱和单体:马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、柠康酸酐等。
本说明书中,聚合性不饱和基团是指可自由基聚合的不饱和基团。作为上述聚合性不饱和基团,例如可举出:乙烯基、(甲基)丙烯酰基、(甲基)丙烯酰胺基、乙烯基醚基、烯丙基、丙烯基、异丙烯基、马来酰亚胺基等。
另外,本说明书中,“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。“(甲基)丙烯酸”是指丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。另外,“(甲基)丙烯酰”是指丙烯酰或甲基丙烯酰。另外,“(甲基)丙烯酰胺”是指丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺。
从得到的涂料组合物的固化性和所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的丙烯酸系树脂的羟值优选为5~240mgKOH/g、特别优选为20~220mgKOH/g,更特别优选为15~200mgKOH/g的范围内。
另外,从抑制得到的涂料组合物的粘度、提高耐起泡性、所形成的涂膜的硬度及所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的丙烯酸系树脂的重均分子量优选为500~50,000,特别优选为1,000~30,000,更特别优选为1,500~10,000的范围内。
另外,从得到的涂料组合物的粘度抑制和所形成的涂膜的硬度等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的丙烯酸系树脂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)优选为-40~60℃、特别优选为-35~50℃,更特别优选为-30~40℃的范围内。
予以说明,本说明书中,在上述具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)为上述含羟基的丙烯酸系树脂的情况下,该含羟基的丙烯酸系树脂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为通过下式计算出的值。
1/Tg(K)=W1/T1+W2/T2+···Wn/Tn
Tg(℃)=Tg(K)-273
式中,W1、W2、···Wn是各单体的质量分数,T1、T2···Tn是各单体的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度Tg(K)。
予以说明,各单体的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度为POLYMER HANDBOOK,第4版,J.Brandrup,E.h.Immergut,E.A.Grulke编(1999年)中得到的值,该文献中未记载的单体的玻璃化转变温度为以重均分子量为50,000左右的方式合成该单体的均聚物时的静态玻璃化转变温度。
该静态玻璃化转变温度可以通过如下方式测定:例如,使用差示扫描量热计“DSC-50Q型”(岛津制作所制,商品名),将样品取到测定杯中,真空抽吸而完全除去溶剂后,以3℃/分钟的升温速度在-100℃~150℃的范围测定热量变化,将低温侧的最初的基线的变化点作为静态玻璃化转变温度。
[含羟基的聚氨酯树脂]
在本发明的涂料组合物中,作为含羟基的树脂(A1),可以使用含羟基的聚氨酯树脂。
作为上述含羟基的聚氨酯树脂,通过使多元醇化合物与多异氰酸酯化合物通过本身已知的方法反应而得到。
作为上述多元醇化合物,优选1分子中具有至少2个醇性羟基、数均分子量为50~8,000左右、特别是50~6,000左右的范围内、且羟基当量为25~4,000左右、特别是25~3,000左右的范围内的多元醇化合物。
作为上述多元醇化合物,例如可举出:多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇及它们的混合物等。
作为上述多异氰酸酯化合物,为1分子中具有至少2个异氰酸酯基的化合物,例如包括:脂族多异氰酸酯、脂环族多异氰酸酯、芳脂族多异氰酸酯、芳族多异氰酸酯、该多异氰酸酯的衍生物等。
作为上述多异氰酸酯化合物,可以使用后述的多异氰酸酯化合物(B)中记载的该多异氰酸酯化合物。
[含氨基树脂(A2)]
作为含氨基树脂(A2),可以使用分子中具有至少1个氨基的以往公知的化合物。
另外,作为含氨基树脂(A2)所具有的多个氨基,可以为选自伯氨基和仲氨基中的至少1种,含氨基树脂(A2)特别优选为具有仲氨基作为氨基的化合物。
作为本发明中优选使用的含氨基树脂(A2),例如可举出:天冬氨酸酯胺。
作为上述天冬氨酸酯胺的市售品,例如可举出:“デスモフェン(Desmophen)NH1220”、“デスモフェン(Desmophen)NH1420”、“デスモフェン(Desmophen)NH1520”(以上为商品名,Covestro公司制)等。
[多异氰酸酯化合物(B)]
上述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)为1分子中具有至少2个异氰酸酯基的化合物,例如包括:脂族多异氰酸酯、脂环族多异氰酸酯、芳脂族多异氰酸酯、芳族多异氰酸酯、该多异氰酸酯的衍生物等。
作为上述脂族多异氰酸酯,例如可举出:三亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,2-亚丙基二异氰酸酯、1,2-亚丁基二异氰酸酯、2,3-亚丁基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚丁基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-或2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二聚酸二异氰酸酯、2,6-二异氰酸根合己酸甲酯(通用名:赖氨酸二异氰酸酯)等脂族二异氰酸酯;2,6-二异氰酸根合己酸2-异氰酸根合乙酯、1,6-二异氰酸根合-3-异氰酸根合甲基己烷、1,4,8-三异氰酸根合辛烷、1,6,11-三异氰酸根合十一烷、1,8-二异氰酸根合-4-异氰酸根合甲基辛烷、1,3,6-三异氰酸根合己烷、2,5,7-三甲基-1,8-二异氰酸根合-5-异氰酸根合甲基辛烷等脂族三异氰酸酯等。
作为上述脂环族多异氰酸酯,例如可举出:1,3-环戊烯二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-环己烷二异氰酸酯、3-异氰酸根合甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯(通用名:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)、2,4-环己烷二异氰酸甲酯、2,6-环己烷二异氰酸甲酯、1,3-或1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷(通用名:氢化苯二甲基二异氰酸酯)或其混合物、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯等脂环族二异氰酸酯;1,3,5-三异氰酸根合环己烷、1,3,5-三甲基异氰酸根合环己烷、2-(3-异氰酸根合丙基)-2,5-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、2-(3-异氰酸根合丙基)-2,6-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、3-(3-异氰酸根合丙基)-2,5-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、5-(2-异氰酸根合乙基)-2-异氰酸根合甲基-3-(3-异氰酸根合丙基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、6-(2-异氰酸根合乙基)-2-异氰酸根合甲基-3-(3-异氰酸根合丙基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、5-(2-异氰酸根合乙基)-2-异氰酸根合甲基-2-(3-异氰酸根合丙基)-双环(2.2.1)-庚烷、6-(2-异氰酸根合乙基)-2-异氰酸根合甲基-2-(3-异氰酸根合丙基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷等脂环族三异氰酸酯等。
作为上述芳脂族多异氰酸酯,例如可举出:1,3-或1,4-苯二甲基二异氰酸酯或其混合物、ω,ω’-二异氰酸根合-1,4-二乙基苯、1,3-或1,4-双(1-异氰酸根合-1-甲基乙基)苯(通用名:四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯)或其混合物等芳脂族二异氰酸酯;1,3,5-三异氰酸根合甲基苯等芳脂族三异氰酸酯等。
作为上述芳族多异氰酸酯,例如可举出:间亚苯基二异氰酸酯、对亚苯基二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、2,4’-或4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或其混合物、2,4-或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯或其混合物、4,4’-甲苯胺二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基醚二异氰酸酯等芳族二异氰酸酯;三苯基甲烷-4,4’,4”-三异氰酸酯、1,3,5-三异氰酸根合苯、2,4,6-三异氰酸根合甲苯等芳族三异氰酸酯;4,4’-二苯基甲烷-2,2’,5,5’-四异氰酸酯等芳族四异氰酸酯等
作为上述多异氰酸酯的衍生物,例如可举出:上述的多异氰酸酯的二聚物、三聚物、缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯、脲二酮、脲酮亚胺(uretoimine)、异氰尿酸酯、二嗪三酮、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(粗MDI、聚合MDI)、粗TDI等。
上述多异氰酸酯及其衍生物可以分别单独使用或并用2种以上。这些多异氰酸酯中,优选将脂族二异氰酸酯、脂环族二异氰酸酯及它们的衍生物分别单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
另外,作为上述多异氰酸酯化合物(B),可以使用使上述多异氰酸酯及其衍生物和可与该多异氰酸酯反应的化合物在异氰酸酯基过量的条件下反应而得到的预聚物。作为可与该多异氰酸酯反应的化合物,例如可举出:具有羟基、氨基等活性氢基的化合物,具体地,例如可使用多元醇、低分子量聚酯树脂、胺、水等。
作为上述多元醇,可以使用在上述含羟基的聚酯树脂的说明中使用的多元醇。
从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性以及所形成的涂膜与模具的脱模性等的观点考虑,上述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)优选以如下比例使用:使得该多异氰酸酯化合物中的异氰酸酯基与上述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)中的异氰酸酯反应性基团的比通常为0.5~2.0、特别是0.7~1.5的范围内。
其中,在使用含羟基树脂(A1)作为含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)的情况下,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性以及所形成的涂膜与模具的脱模性等的观点考虑,上述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)优选以如下比例使用:使得该多异氰酸酯化合物中的异氰酸酯基与该含羟基树脂(A1)中的羟基的比(NCO/OH)通常为0.5~2.0、特别是0.7~1.5的范围内。
另外,在使用含氨基树脂(A2)作为含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)的情况下,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性以及所形成的涂膜与模具的脱模性等的观点考虑,上述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)优选以如下比例使用:使得该多异氰酸酯化合物中的异氰酸酯基与该含氨基树脂(A2)中的氨基的比通常为0.5~2.0、特别是0.7~1.5的范围内。
[含羟基的芳族化合物(C)]
含羟基的芳族化合物(C)是数均分子量为100~1000的范围内、且1分子中具有至少1个羟基和至少1个芳环结构的化合物。
从提高得到的涂料组合物的固体成分等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)的数均分子量为100以上、优选为140以上,更优选为180以上,更特别优选为500以上,从得到的涂料组合物的粘度抑制及所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,为1000以下,优选为900以下,更优选为800以下,更特别优选为700以下。
另外,作为上述芳环结构,例如可举出:苯环结构、呋喃环结构、噻吩环结构、吡咯环结构、吡唑环结构、咪唑环结构、吡啶环结构、哒嗪环结构、嘧啶环结构、吡嗪环结构、轮烯环结构、薁环结构等。其中,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)优选具有苯环结构。
作为上述含羟基的芳族化合物(C),例如可举出:苄醇、2-苯基乙醇、2-苯氧基乙醇、萘-1-醇、(1,3-苯并呋喃(ベンゾオキオール)-5-基)甲醇、壬基苯酚、二壬基苯酚、壬基苯酚乙氧基化物、单苯乙烯化苯酚、二苯乙烯化苯酚、三苯乙烯化苯酚等,作为市售品,可举出:“BPX-11”、“BPX-33”、“BPX-55”(以上为商品名,ADEKA公司制,双酚A的环氧丙烷加成物)、“KUMANOX-3110”、“KUMANOX-3111”(以上为商品名,锦湖石油化学公司制,苯乙烯化苯酚)、“アンテージSP”(商品名,川口化学工业公司制,苯乙烯化苯酚)、“NOVARES LA 300”(商品名,RUTGERS Germany Gmbh公司制,苯乙烯化苯酚)等。
另外,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)优选具有1~3个羟基,从抑制得到的涂料组合物的粘度等的观点考虑,更优选具有1个羟基。
另外,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性以及所形成的涂膜的光泽等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)优选具有1~4个芳环结构,更优选具有2~4个芳环结构,特别优选具有2个芳环结构。
本发明中,作为含有上述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)、上述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)和数均分子量为100~1000范围内的上述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)的涂料组合物可形成与基材、特别是树脂基材的密合性优异的涂膜的理由,推测为:在树脂基材上涂装本发明的涂料组合物时,分子量较小且具有与树脂基材的亲和性高的芳环结构的该含羟基的芳族化合物(C)浸透该树脂基材而溶胀,进而,该含羟基的芳族化合物(C)中的羟基与上述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)中的异氰酸酯反应性基团与上述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)中的异氰酸酯基发生交联反应,由此上述涂膜与树脂基材牢固地结合,从而形成与基材的密合性优异的涂膜。
本发明中,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性以及所形成的涂膜的光泽等的观点考虑,上述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)的含量以涂料组合物的总量为基准,优选为15~80质量%的范围内,更优选为20~70质量%的范围内,特别优选为25~60质量%的范围内。
另外,本发明中,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性以及所形成的涂膜的硬度等的观点考虑,上述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)的含量以涂料组合物的总量为基准,优选为10~80质量%的范围内,更优选为20~75质量%的范围内,特别优选为30~70质量%的范围内。
另外,本发明中,从抑制得到的涂料组合物的粘度,提高耐起泡性、所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性、所形成的涂膜的硬度及光泽等的观点考虑,上述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)的含量以涂料组合物的总量为基准,优选为0.1~25质量%的范围内,更优选为0.5~20质量%的范围内,特别优选为0.8~15质量%的范围内。
[内脱模剂(D)]
在通过模内被覆方法涂装本发明的涂料组合物时,从所形成的涂膜与模具的脱模性等的观点考虑,优选含有内脱模剂(D)。
作为上述内脱模剂(D),例如可举出:硬脂酸、棕榈酸等饱和脂肪酸;硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、硬脂酸钡、棕榈酸锌、棕榈酸铝、棕榈酸镁、棕榈酸钙、棕榈酸钠等饱和脂肪酸盐;硬脂酰胺或棕榈酰胺等脂肪酰胺;棕榈油酸或油酸等不饱和脂肪酸;棕榈油酸锌、棕榈油酸铝、棕榈油酸镁、棕榈油酸钙、棕榈油酸钠、棕榈油酸钾、棕榈油酸钡、油酸锌、油酸铝、油酸镁、油酸钙、油酸钠、油酸钾、油酸钡等不饱和脂肪酸盐;棕榈油酸酰胺或油酸酰胺等不饱和脂肪酰胺;聚氧化乙烯烷基醚、山梨糖醇酐烷基酯等非离子性表面活性剂;聚四氟乙烯、氟聚醚、全氟烷基酯及全氟烷基酯盐等氟系化合物;具有烷基链或氧乙烯基链等的磷酸单酯和/或磷酸二酯等磷酸酯化合物;单硬脂酸甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯、三硬脂酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸山梨坦、硬脂酸硬脂酯、单棕榈酸甘油酯、二棕榈酸甘油酯、三棕榈酸甘油酯、单山萮酸甘油酯、二山萮酸甘油酯、三山萮酸甘油酯、山萮酸山萮酯、季戊四醇单硬脂酸酯、季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯、季戊四醇四壬酸酯、丙二醇单硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸硬脂酯、棕榈酸棕榈酯、硬脂酸甲酯、硬脂酸丁酯、月桂酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、联苯基联苯酯(ビフェニルビフェネート)、山梨糖醇酐单硬脂酸酯及硬脂酸2-乙基己酯等脂肪酸酯;大豆油卵磷脂、硅油及脂肪醇二元酸酯类,它们可以单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
作为上述内脱模剂(D),从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性以及所形成的涂膜与模具的脱模性等的观点考虑,优选含有脂肪酸酯,更优选含有由碳数12以上的高级脂肪酸和醇构成的脂肪酸酯,更特别优选含有由碳数12~18范围内的脂肪酸和醇构成的脂肪酸酯。
作为上述含有由碳数12~18范围内的脂肪酸和醇构成的脂肪酸酯的内脱模剂,可以使用市售品。作为该含有碳数12~18范围内的脂肪酸和醇构成的脂肪酸酯的内脱模剂的市售品,例如可举出:“BYK-P9065”(商品名,BYK-Chemie公司制)、“リケマールTG-12”(商品名,理研维他命公司制)、“INT-120IMC”(商品名,AXEL公司制)等。
当本发明的涂料组合物含有上述内脱模剂(D)时,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性、所形成的涂膜与模具的脱模性、所形成的涂膜的耐候性及硬度等的观点考虑,该内脱模剂(D)的含量以该涂料组合物的总量为基准,优选为0.1~10质量%的范围内,更优选为0.2~5质量%的范围内,更特别优选为0.3~3质量%的范围内。
[其他成分]
添加剂
本发明的涂料组合物除了上述以外,还可以含有紫外线吸收剂和/或光稳定剂。另外,根据需要,可以适当含有交联剂、溶剂(有机溶剂、水)、颜料、催化剂、抗氧化剂、表面调节剂、消泡剂、乳化剂、表面活性剂、防污剂、湿润剂、增稠剂、染料、耐擦伤性提高剂、光泽调节剂等涂装领域中通常使用的其他添加成分等。
紫外线吸收剂
作为紫外线吸收剂,可以使用以往公知的紫外线吸收剂,例如可以使用苯并三唑系吸收剂、三嗪系吸收剂、水杨酸衍生物系吸收剂、二苯甲酮系吸收剂等。另外,上述紫外线吸收剂可以具有聚合性不饱和基团。
作为苯并三唑系吸收剂的具体例,可举出:2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-5’-叔丁基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-3’,5’-二叔丁基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-3’-叔丁基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-3’,5’-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-3’,5’-二叔戊基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-4’-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑、2-{2’-羟基-3’-(3”,4”,5”,6”-四氢邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲基)-5’-甲基苯基}苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-5-[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基]苯基]-2H-苯并三唑等。
作为三嗪系吸收剂的具体例,可举出:2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-异辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-((2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基丙基)-氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-((2-羟基-3-十三烷氧基丙基)-氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪等。
作为水杨酸衍生物系吸收剂的具体例,可举出:水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸对辛基苯酯、水杨酸4-叔丁基苯酯等。
作为二苯甲酮系吸收剂的具体例,可举出:4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-2’-羧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-5-磺基二苯甲酮三水合物、2,2’-二羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-十八烷氧基二苯甲酮、2,2’-二羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基-5-磺基二苯甲酮-钠、2,2’,4,4’-四羟基二苯甲酮、4-十二烷氧基-2-羟基二苯甲酮、5-氯-2-羟基二苯甲酮、间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯、2,4-二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、4,6-二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、羟基十二烷基二苯甲酮、2,2’-二羟基-4-(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)二苯甲酮等。
另外,作为上述紫外线吸收剂的市售品,例如可举出:“TINUVIN 900”、“TINUVIN928”、“TINUVIN 384-2”、“TINUVIN479”、“TINUVIN 405”、“TINUVIN 400”、(BASF公司制,商品名,TINUVIN/チヌビン为注册商标)、“RUVA 93”(大塚化学公司制,商品名)等。
当本发明的涂料组合物含有上述紫外线吸收剂时,该紫外线吸收剂的含量相对于该涂料组合物的总量,优选为0.5~10质量%的范围内,更优选为0.8~9质量%,进一步优选为1.0~8质量%。
光稳定剂
上述光稳定剂用作自由基链抑制剂,其捕捉在涂膜劣化过程中产生的活性自由基种类,例如可举出:受阻胺化合物的光稳定剂等。
作为在光稳定剂中显示优异光稳定作用的光稳定剂,可举出:受阻哌啶化合物。作为受阻哌啶化合物,例如可举出:双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、4-苯甲酰氧基-2,2’,6,6’-四甲基哌啶、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基){[3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯基]甲基}丁基丙二酸酯等单体型化合物;聚{[6-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)亚氨基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]六亚甲基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚胺醇(イミノール)]}等低聚物型化合物;4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇与琥珀酸的聚酯化物等聚酯键型化合物等,但不限于此。作为光稳定剂,也可以使用公知的聚合性光稳定剂。
作为上述光稳定剂的市售品,例如可举出:“TINUVIN 123”、“TINUVIN 152”、“TINUVIN 292”(BASF公司制,商品名,TINUVIN/チヌビン为注册商标)、“HOSTAVIN 3058”(Clariant公司制,商品名,Hostavin为注册商标)、“アデカスタブLA-82”(株式会社ADEKA制,商品名,アデカスタブ/ADK STAB及アデカスタブ为注册商标)等。
当本发明的涂料组合物含有上述光稳定剂时,该光稳定剂的含量相对于该涂料组合物的总量,优选为0.5~10质量%的范围内,更优选为0.8~9质量%,进一步优选为1.0~8质量%。
溶剂
作为上述溶剂,例如可以使用有机溶剂、水等。作为该有机溶剂,例如可举出:丙酮、乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮等酮系溶剂;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、苯甲酸甲酯、乙氧基丙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯等酯系溶剂;四氢呋喃、二烷、二甲氧基乙烷等醚系溶剂;乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、二甘醇单甲基醚、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯等二醇醚系溶剂;甲苯、二甲苯、“スワゾール1000”(コスモ石油社制,商品名,高沸点石油系溶剂)等芳族系溶剂;己烷、庚烷等脂族烃系溶剂。
当本发明的涂料组合物含有上述溶剂时,从提高得到的涂料组合物的固体成分和提高耐起泡性等的观点考虑,该溶剂的含量以该涂料组合物的总量为基准,优选为0~10质量%的范围内,更优选为0~7质量%的范围内,更特别优选为0~3质量%的范围内。
颜料
作为上述颜料,例如可举出:光亮性颜料、着色颜料、体质颜料等。该颜料可以单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
作为上述光亮性颜料,例如可举出:铝(也包括蒸镀铝)、铜、锌、黄铜、镍、玻璃片、氧化铝、云母、用氧化钛和/或氧化铁覆盖的氧化铝、用氧化钛和/或氧化铁覆盖的云母等。
作为上述体质颜料,例如可举出:粘土、高岭土、硫酸钡、碳酸钡、碳酸钙、滑石、二氧化硅、矾土白等。
当本发明的涂料组合物含有上述颜料时,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性、所形成的涂膜的耐候性和硬度等的观点考虑,该颜料的含量以该涂料组合物中的总量为基准,优选为0.1~40质量%的范围内,更优选为3~30质量%的范围内,更特别优选为5~20质量%的范围内。
催化剂
作为催化剂,可以使用以往公知的催化剂。
作为该催化剂,具体而言,例如可举出:辛酸锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二(2-乙基己酸)二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二辛基锡、二(2-乙基己酸)二辛基锡、二新癸酸二辛基锡、二丁基氧化锡、二丁基硫化锡、二辛基氧化锡、二丁基锡脂肪酸盐、2-乙基己酸铅、辛酸锌、环烷酸锌、脂肪酸锌类、辛酸铋、2-乙基己酸铋、油酸铋、新癸酸铋、叔碳酸铋、环烷酸铋、环烷酸钴、辛酸钙、环烷酸铜、四(2-乙基己基)钛酸酯等有机金属化合物;叔胺等,它们可以分别单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
当本发明的涂料组合物含有上述催化剂时,从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性、所形成的涂膜与模具的脱模性及所形成的涂膜的硬度等的观点考虑,催化剂的配合量以本发明的涂料组合物的总量为基准,优选为0.005~2质量%、特别优选为0.01~1质量%的范围内。
另外,当本发明的涂料组合物含有上述催化剂时,从储存稳定性、固化性等的观点考虑,本发明的涂料组合物可以含有乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异戊酸、己酸、2-乙基丁酸、环烷酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、2-乙基己酸、异辛酸、异壬酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、新癸酸、叔碳酸、异丁酸酐、衣康酸酐、乙酸酐、柠康酸酐、丙酸酐、马来酸酐、丁酸酐、柠檬酸酐、偏苯三酸酐、均苯四酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐等有机酸;盐酸、磷酸等无机酸;乙酰丙酮、咪唑系化合物等金属配位性化合物等。
采用涂料组合物的涂膜形成方法
通过在基材上涂装本发明的涂料组合物而形成湿涂膜(未固化的涂膜)后,使该湿涂膜固化,由此可形成目标涂膜。从所形成的涂膜与基材的密合性等的观点考虑,上述基材的材质优选为树脂材料。
本发明的涂料组合物可适宜用作涂装在包含树脂材料的基材上的涂料组合物。
作为上述树脂材料,例如可举出:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等丙烯酸系树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯、聚乙烯-1,2-二苯氧基乙烷-4,4’-二羧酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯等这样的聚酯树脂、以エピコート(商品名,油化Shel lepoxy公司制)等市售品为代表的环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、酚醛清漆树脂、酚醛树脂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂、丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯(AES)树脂、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯(ASA)树脂、氯乙烯树脂、偏二氯乙烯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、纤维素酯树脂(例如三乙酰纤维素、二乙酰纤维素、丙酰纤维素、丁酰纤维素、乙酰丙酰纤维素、硝基纤维素)、聚酰胺树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂(例如,间规聚苯乙烯)、聚烯烃树脂(例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚甲基戊烯)、聚砜树脂、聚醚砜树脂、聚芳酯树脂、聚醚酰亚胺树脂、聚醚酮树脂、各种纤维增强塑料材料(Fiber Reinforced Plastics,以下有时简称为FRP材料或简称为FRP)等。
另外,基材例如也可以在上述树脂材料上涂装底涂层涂料、中间涂层涂料或顶涂层涂料等,以预先形成底涂层、中间涂层或顶涂层等。
可以对基材进行处理(物理处理),所述处理采用选自等离子体处理、电晕放电处理、活性能量射线处理、火焰处理、喷砂处理、抛光处理等中的至少1种物理方法。
另外,作为涂装本发明涂料组合物的被涂物的用途,没有特别限制,例如可举出:客车、卡车、摩托车、巴士等汽车车身的外板部;保险杠、中柱、后视镜、车门把手、仪表板、车门饰板、中控台等汽车内外饰件;椅子、化妆镜、窗框、大门等家具建材相关部件;手机、音响设备等家用电器的外板部等。
将本发明的涂料组合物涂布在基材上的方法没有特别限定。例如,可以通过空气喷雾、无空气喷雾、旋转雾化涂装机、浸涂、涂布器、刷涂、辊涂、模内被覆等方式进行涂布。在涂布时,可以施加静电。
涂布的膜厚按固化膜厚计,通常为5~2000μm、优选为10~1500μm,更优选为15~1000μm的范围内。
予以说明,涂料组合物优选直接涂布在基材上。
对于本发明的涂料组合物而言,通过加热涂料组合物,可以使涂布在基材上的涂料组合物固化。
加热
加热可适当使用本领域中公知的方法。具体而言,例如可以使用热风、热气、红外线加热器、IR辐射器、烘箱、加热辊及微波等来进行。本发明中,从作业的容易性等的观点考虑,优选采用热风、红外线加热器等进行加热。
从生产率、作业性和基材的热稳定性等的观点考虑,上述加热的温度优选为30~200℃的范围内,更优选为60~180℃,进一步优选为80~160℃。另外,上述加热的时间优选为20秒~60分钟的范围内,更优选为1~10分钟。
另外,本发明的涂料组合物即使在固体成分高的情况下,也能够制成粘度较低的涂料组合物,因此能够适用于利用模内被覆方法(模内涂布法)的涂装。该模内被覆方法通常可以使用VOC的含量少的涂料组合物,进而可以减少涂装时的空调能量,因此具有能够减少环境负荷的优点。
在模内被覆方法中,使用本发明的涂料组合物时,本发明的涂料组合物中的固体成分优选为95~100质量%的范围内,更优选为97~100质量%的范围内,特别优选为99~100质量%。
本说明书中,“固体成分”是指在110℃下干燥1小时后残留的组合物中含有的树脂、固化剂、颜料等不挥发性成分。因此,例如,组合物的合计固体成分可以通过如下方式算出:在铝箔杯等耐热容器中称量组合物,在容器底面涂开该组合物后,在110℃下干燥1小时,称量干燥后残留的组合物中的成分的质量,求出干燥后残留的成分的质量相对于干燥前的组合物的总质量的比例。
模内被覆方法
本发明的模内被覆方法(也称为模内被覆方法)包括如下工序:在模具内将树脂材料加热·成型,接着,向得到的成型物与模具内壁之间注入上述本发明的涂料组合物(以下,在将本发明的涂料组合物用于模内被覆方法时,记为模内被覆涂料组合物),使该模内被覆涂料组合物固化后,从模具中取出被覆的成型物。
作为模内被覆方法,可以没有特别限制地使用在模具内进行成型和被覆的以往的方法。具体而言,例如可以使用日本特开2000-141407、日本特表2008-525212中记载的方法等。
即,将在注塑缸内加热熔融的树脂材料注入具有目标成型品的形状的模具间,在模具内冷却、加压,将树脂材料制成成型品,进而,一旦打开模具,向树脂材料成型品与模具表面之间设置的间隙中注入上述模内被覆涂料组合物,再次合模,加热加压,成型为目标形状,可获得用该模内被覆涂料组合物涂敷的成型品。
予以说明,成型树脂材料时使用的模具与模内被覆时使用的模具可以相同或不同。当成型树脂材料时使用的模具与模内被覆时使用的模具不同时,可以在成型树脂材料的工序和进行模内被覆的工序之间更换上述模具。
另外,从模内被覆成型物与模具的脱模性等的观点考虑,也可以在上述模具上涂布外部脱模剂(外脱模剂)。作为该外部脱模剂,例如可以使用氟系、有机硅系、表面活性剂系和蜡系等外部脱模剂。
以下,为了方便起见,有时将一个模具称为“阳模”,将另一个模具称为“阴模”。
在注塑缸内熔融树脂时的加热温度根据树脂材料的种类等任意确定,优选为80~300℃。注射树脂材料时的模具的温度根据成型时间、树脂材料的种类等任意确定,优选设为30~120℃。
树脂材料的成型时间可以是直至树脂材料完全固化为止,但在注入上述模内被覆涂料组合物时,固化至不损害成型形状的程度的强度即可,通常优选为20秒~60分钟左右。接着,将阳模从成型品的表面分离,在赋予大于下述期望的固化膜厚但不足以脱离上述模具嵌合的间隙后,将仅得到期望膜厚、优选15~2000μm的固化覆膜的量的模内被覆涂料组合物压入(注射注入)到阳模与成型品表面之间。接着,一边将模具内的温度维持在约80~120℃,一边将模内被覆涂料组合物均匀地覆盖成型品表面,以浸透的方式加压至约2~14MPa,通常维持20秒~5分钟左右,直至形成固化覆膜。这样,在成型品表面形成固化覆膜后,打开模具,从模具内取出得到的模内被覆成型品。
从生产率的观点考虑,从配置上述树脂材料到从模具内取出模内被覆成型品为止的成型时间优选为30秒~5分钟的范围内。
实施例
以下,列举实施例和比较例,更具体地说明本发明。予以说明,这些实施例及比较例仅为例示,并不意图限定本发明的范围。在实施例及比较例中,“份”和“%”只要没有特别说明,则基于质量基准。另外,涂膜的膜厚基于固化涂膜。
下述例中使用的各成分如下所述。
[含羟基树脂(A1)]
“デスモフェンXP2488”(商品名,Covestro公司制,含羟基的聚酯树脂),
“デスモフェンVPLS 2249/1”(商品名,Covestro公司制,含羟基的聚酯树脂),
“URIC F-97”(商品名,伊藤制油株式会社制,蓖麻油改性多元醇)。
[含氨基树脂(A2)]
“デスモフェンNH1420”(商品名,Covestro公司制,天冬氨酸酯胺),
“デスモフェンNH1220”(商品名,Covestro公司制,天冬氨酸酯胺)。
[多异氰酸酯化合物(B)]
“スミジュールN3300”(商品名,Sumika Covestro Urethane公司制,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰尿酸酯环加成物),
“デスモジュールN3400”(商品名,Sumika Covestro Urethane公司制,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的脲二酮环加成物),
“デスモジュールN3900”(商品名,Sumika Covestro Urethane公司制,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯化合物)。
[含羟基的芳族化合物(C)]
苄醇(分子量:108.1,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:1),
2-苯基乙醇(分子量:122.2,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:1),
2-苯氧基乙醇(分子量:138.2,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:1),
萘-1-醇(分子量:144.2,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:2),
(1,3-苯并呋喃(ベンゾオキオール)-5-基)甲醇(分子量:152.2,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:1),
4-壬基苯酚(分子量:220.4,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:1),
“タージトールNP-9表面活性剂”(商品名,陶氏化学公司制,壬基苯酚聚乙二醇醚,分子量:616,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:1),
“ADEKA聚醚BPX-11”(商品名,ADEKA公司制,双酚A的环氧丙烷加成物,分子量:约360,羟基数:2,芳环结构数:2),
“ADEKA聚醚BPX-33”(商品名,ADEKA公司制,双酚A的环氧丙烷加成物,分子量:约580,羟基数:2,芳环结构数:2),
“ADEKA聚醚BPX-55”(商品名,ADEKA公司制,双酚A的环氧丙烷加成物,分子量:约790,羟基数:2,芳环结构数:2),
“アンテージSP”(商品名,川口化学工业公司制,单苯乙烯化苯酚、二苯乙烯化苯酚、三苯乙烯化苯酚的混合物,分子量:198、302、406的混合物,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:2、3、4的混合物)。
[内脱模剂(D)]
“BYK-P9065”(商品名,BYK-Chemie公司制,含脂肪酸酯的混合物),
“リケマールTG-12”(商品名,理研维他命社制,含脂肪酸酯的混合物),
“INT-120IMC”(商品名,AXEL公司制,含脂肪酸酯的混合物),
“硬脂酸锌GF-200”(商品名,日油社制,硬脂酸锌)。
[(C)的比较成分]
邻二甲苯(分子量:106.2,羟基数:0,芳环结构数:1),
萘(分子量:128.2,羟基数:0,芳环结构数:2),
2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙醇(分子量:162.2,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:0),
环己醇(分子量:100.2,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:0),
2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮(分子量:142.2,羟基数:0,芳环结构数:0),
“ADEKA聚醚BPX-2000”(商品名,ADEKA公司制,双酚A的环氧丙烷加成物,分子量:约2000,羟基数:2,芳环结构数:2)。
[其他添加剂]
“BYK-333”(商品名,BYK-Chemie公司制,表面调节剂),
“TINUVIN 400”(商品名,BASF公司制,紫外线吸收剂),
“TINUVIN 292”(商品名,BASF公司制,光稳定剂),
“ネオスタンU-100”(商品名,日东化成公司制,锡催化剂)。
涂料组合物的制造
实施例1
向具备温度计、恒温器和搅拌装置的反应容器中配合“デスモフェンXP2488”(商品名,Covestro公司制,含羟基的聚酯树脂)32份、“スミジュールN3300”(商品名,SumikaCovestro Urethane公司制,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰尿酸酯环加成物)62份、苄醇(分子量:108.1,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:1)3份、“BYK-333”(商品名,BYK-Chemie公司制,表面调节剂)0.4份、“TINUVIN 400”(商品名,BASF公司制,紫外线吸收剂)1份、“TINUVIN 292”(商品名,BASF公司制,光稳定剂)1份及“ネオスタンU-100”(商品名,日东化成公司制,锡催化剂)0.6份,均匀混合,得到用B型粘度计在25℃、60rpm下测得的粘度为4000mPa·s、固体成分为99%的涂料组合物No.1。
实施例2~23、比较例1-8
在实施例1中,将配比组成设为如下述表1-1~表1-5所示,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到涂料组合物No.2~No.31。
[表1-1]
[表1-2]
[表1-3]
[表1-4]
[表1-5]
试验用涂装板的制作
实施例24
(试验用涂装板(T1)的制作)
将长100mm×宽100mm×厚2mm的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂(ABS树脂)基材表面用异丙醇脱脂后,在该基材表面上使用棒涂机涂装实施例1得到的涂料组合物No.1,使固化膜厚为100μm,在常温下固化1分钟。然后,在100℃下加热3分钟使其固化,由此制作试验用涂装板(T1-1)。
(试验用涂装板(T2)的制作)
将长100mm×宽100mm×厚3mm的聚碳酸酯树脂基材表面用异丙醇脱脂后,在该基材表面上使用棒涂机涂装制造例1得到的涂料组合物No.1,使固化膜厚为100μm,在常温下固化1分钟。然后,在100℃下加热3分钟使其固化,由此制作试验用涂装板(T2-1)。
实施例25~46、比较例9~16
在实施例24中,将涂料组合物的种类设为如下述表2-1~表2-5所示,除此以外,与实施例24同样操作,制作试验用涂装板(T1-2)~(T1-31)和(T2-2)~(T2-31)。
评价方法
对得到的各试验用涂装板评价密合性、光泽、铅笔硬度和耐起泡性。评价结果示于表2-1~表2-5。
(密合性)
在试验用涂装板(T1)和试验用涂装板(T2)的涂面上按照JIS K5600-5-6(1990)制作2mm×2mm的棋盘格100个,在该面上粘贴胶带,调查将该胶带急剧剥离后的棋盘格涂膜的残留状态,按以下基准评价初期的密合性。◎和○为合格。
◎:100个棋盘格涂膜残留,无边缘缺损。
○:100个棋盘格涂膜残留,但有边缘缺损。
×:棋盘格涂膜的残留数为99个以下。
另外,将各试验用涂装板在40℃的温水中浸渍240小时后提起,在20℃下干燥12小时后的涂面上,按照JIS K 5600-5-6(1990)制作2mm×2mm的棋盘格100个,在该面上粘贴胶带,调查将该胶带急剧剥离后的棋盘格涂膜的残留状态,按以下基准评价耐水试验后的密合性。◎和○为合格。
◎:100个棋盘格涂膜残留,无边缘缺损。
○:100个棋盘格涂膜残留,但有边缘缺损。
×:棋盘格涂膜的残留数为99个以下。
(光泽)
对上述得到的试验用涂装板(T1),使用光泽计(micro-TRI-gloss,BYK-Gardner公司制)测定60°光泽值,按以下基准评价光泽。◎和○为合格。
◎:60°光泽度为90以上,
○:60°光泽度为85以上且小于90,
×:60°光泽度小于85。
(铅笔硬度)
按照JIS K 5600-5-4(1999)“划痕硬度(铅笔法)”,测定试验用涂装板(T1)的涂面的铅笔硬度。铅笔硬度依次为3B<2B<B<HB<F<H,铅笔硬度为HB以上时合格。
(耐起泡性)
用肉眼观察试验用涂装板(T1),对在试验用涂装板上产生的气泡的个数进行计数,按以下基准评价耐起泡性。◎和○为合格。
◎:在试验用涂装板上没有观察到气泡,
○:在试验用涂装板上观察到1~3个气泡,
×:在试验用涂装板上观察到4个以上气泡。
[表2-1]
[表2-2]
[表2-3]
[表2-4]
[表2-5]
模内被覆涂料组合物的制造
实施例47
向具备温度计、恒温器和搅拌装置的反应容器中配合“デスモフェンXP2488”(商品名,Covestro公司制,含羟基的聚酯树脂)32份、“スミジュールN3300”(商品名,SumikaCovestro Urethane公司制,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰尿酸酯环加成物)61份、苄醇(分子量:108.1,羟基数:1,芳环结构数:1)3份、“BYK-333”(商品名,BYK-Chemie公司制,表面调节剂)0.4份、“TINUVIN 400”(商品名,BASF公司制,紫外线吸收剂)1份、“TINUVIN 292”(商品名,BASF公司制,光稳定剂)1份、“ネオスタンU-100”(商品名,日东化成公司制,锡催化剂)0.6份和“リケマールTG-12”(商品名,理研维他命公司制,含有脂肪酸酯的内脱模剂)1份,均匀地混合,得到用B型粘度计在25℃、60rpm下测得的粘度为4000mPa·s、固体成分为99%的涂料组合物No.32。
实施例48~73、比较例17~24
在实施例47中,将配比组成设为如下述表3-1~表3-6所示,除此以外,与实施例47同样操作,得到涂料组合物No.32~No.66。
[表3-1]
[表3-2]
[表3-3]
[表3-4]
[表3-5]
[表3-6]
模内被覆成型物的制作
实施例74
(模内被覆成型物(M1)的制作)
首先,向注塑成型缸内填充“UMG ABS PS-507”(商品名,Techno UMG公司制,ABS树脂),在230℃下加热熔融。然后,向60℃的模具间注入,保持30秒的压力并冷却,由此得到丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂(ABS树脂)成型品。接着,一旦打开模具,向得到的ABS树脂成型品与模具之间注入实施例47得到的涂料组合物No.32,将模具内加热至100℃,在保持该温度的同时施加4MPa的成型压力,维持1分钟,然后减压,打开模具,由此制成在ABS树脂成型品上形成了固化膜厚为100μm的涂膜的模内被覆成型物(M1-1)。
(模内被覆成型物(M2)的制作)
首先,向注塑成型缸内填充“ユ一ピロンML300”(商品名,三菱工程塑料公司制,聚碳酸酯树脂),在280℃下加热熔融。然后,向90℃的模具间注入,保持30秒的压力并冷却,由此得到聚碳酸酯树脂成型品。接着,一旦打开模具,向得到的聚碳酸酯树脂成型品与模具之间注入实施例47得到的涂料组合物No.32,将模具内加热至100℃,在保持该温度的同时施加4MPa的成型压力,维持1分钟,然后减压,打开模具,由此制成在聚碳酸酯树脂成型品上形成了固化膜厚为100μm的涂膜的模内被覆成型物(M2-1)。
实施例75~100、比较例25~32
在实施例74中,将涂料组合物的种类设为如下述表4-1~表4-6所示,除此以外,与实施例74同样操作,制作模内被覆成型物(M1-2)~(M1-35)和(M2-2)~(M2-35)。
模内被覆成型物的评价
对得到的各模内被覆成型物上的固化涂膜,评价密合性、光泽、铅笔硬度、耐起泡性、脱模性。评价结果示于表4-1~表4-6。
(密合性)
在模内被覆成型物(M1)和模内被覆成型物(M2)的涂面上按照JIS K 5600-5-6(1990)制作2mm×2mm的棋盘格100个,在该面上粘贴胶带,调查将该胶带急剧剥离后的棋盘格涂膜的残留状态,按以下基准评价初期的密合性。◎和○为合格。
◎:100个棋盘格涂膜残留,无边缘缺损。
○:100个棋盘格涂膜残留,但有边缘缺损。
×:棋盘格涂膜的残留数为99个以下。
另外,将各模内被覆成型物在40℃的温水中浸渍240小时后提起,在20℃下干燥12小时后的涂面上,按照JIS K 5600-5-6(1990)制作2mm×2mm的棋盘格100个,在该面上粘贴胶带,调查将该胶带急剧剥离后的棋盘格涂膜的残留状态,按以下基准评价耐水试验后的密合性。◎和○为合格。
◎:100个棋盘格涂膜残留,无边缘缺损。
○:100个棋盘格涂膜残留,但有边缘缺损。
×:棋盘格涂膜的残留数为99个以下。
(光泽)
对上述得到的模内被覆成型物(M1),使用光泽计(micro-TRI-gloss,BYK-Gardner公司制)测定60°光泽值,按以下基准评价光泽。◎和○为合格。
◎:60°光泽度为90以上,
○:60°光泽度为85以上且小于90,
×:60°光泽度小于85。
(铅笔硬度)
按照JIS K 5600-5-4(1999)“划痕硬度(铅笔法)”,测定模内被覆成型物(M1)的涂面的铅笔硬度。铅笔硬度依次为3B<2B<B<HB<F<H,铅笔硬度为HB以上时合格。
(耐起泡性)
肉眼观察模内被覆成型物(M1),对在长100mm×宽100mm范围内的模内被覆成型物上产生的气泡的个数进行计数,按以下基准评价耐起泡性。◎和○为合格。
◎:在模内被覆成型物上没有观察到气泡,
○:在模内被覆成型物上观察到1~3个气泡,
×:在模内被覆成型物上观察到4个以上气泡。
(脱模性)
在所述模内被覆成型物(M1)的制作中,当打开模具时,提起涂膜侧的模具,观察模内被覆成型物(M1)是否只靠重力从涂膜侧的模具中脱模。另外,对只靠重力从模具中脱模的模内被覆成型物(M1),用肉眼观察模内被覆成型物(M1),计数涂膜的剥离点数,按以下基准评价脱模性。◎和○为合格。
◎:模内被覆成型物只靠重力从模具中脱模,且剥离点数为0~1个,
○:模内被覆成型物只靠重力从模具中脱模,且剥离点数为2~4个,
×:模内被覆成型物只靠重力从模具中不脱模或模内被覆成型物只靠重力脱模,且剥离点数为5个以上。
[表4-1]
[表4-2]
[表4-3]
[表4-4]
[表4-5]
[表4-6]
Claims (8)
1.涂料组合物,其含有:含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)和数均分子量为100~1000的范围内的含羟基的芳族化合物(C)。
2.权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述含异氰酸酯反应性基团的树脂(A)含有选自含羟基树脂(A1)和含氨基树脂(A2)中的至少1种树脂。
3.权利要求1或2所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)的数均分子量为140~900的范围内。
4.权利要求1~3任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)具有1个羟基。
5.权利要求1~4任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基的芳族化合物(C)具有2~4个芳环结构。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,所述涂料组合物的固体成分为95质量%以上。
7.权利要求1~6任一项所述的涂料组合物,其还包含内脱模剂(D)。
8.模内被覆方法,其包括以下工序:在模具内将树脂材料加热成型,接着向得到的成型物和模具内壁之间注入模内被覆涂料组合物,使该模内被覆涂料组合物固化后,从模具中取出被覆的成型物;其中,模内被覆涂料组合物为权利要求1~7任一项所述的涂料组合物。
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