CN115254100B - 一种用于co2加氢制乙醇的金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂的制备与应用 - Google Patents
一种用于co2加氢制乙醇的金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂的制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115254100B CN115254100B CN202211039495.XA CN202211039495A CN115254100B CN 115254100 B CN115254100 B CN 115254100B CN 202211039495 A CN202211039495 A CN 202211039495A CN 115254100 B CN115254100 B CN 115254100B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 55
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MBVAQOHBPXKYMF-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O MBVAQOHBPXKYMF-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NEGBOTVLELAPNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ce] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ce] NEGBOTVLELAPNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002471 indium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Omeprazole sulfide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1SCC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical group [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Ti](O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical group [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);triacetate Chemical group [Ir+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Mn]=O VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GJYLBGHKIMDUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-dione;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].CC(=O)CC(C)=O GJYLBGHKIMDUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/60—Platinum group metals with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B01J23/62—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6562—Manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/153—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
- C07C29/154—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/153—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
- C07C29/156—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals, platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于CO2加氢制乙醇的金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂的制备与应用,属于二氧化碳转化应用领域。本发明催化剂是由活性组分、掺杂型载体组成,其中,活性组分包括Rh、Pd、Ir、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu中的一种或几种;所述掺杂型载体包括CeO2、TiO2、In2O3、Al2O3、ZnO、SiO2、MnO2和Cr2O3中的两种或以上。本发明催化剂通过将单原子Rh嵌入到掺杂型载体上构建的Rh单原子催化剂显示出优异的CO2加氢性能,乙醇选择性>99%,且稳定性较高。本发明通过对载体掺杂处理的方式实现载体表面性质的调控,进而提高负载活性金属的分散性和结构稳定性,以及提高CO2加氢制乙醇催化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于CO2加氢制乙醇的金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂的制备与应用,属于二氧化碳转化应用领域。
背景技术
化石燃料的大量使用导致大气中二氧化碳浓度达到了前所未有的水平,它给地球环境和人类发展带来了不容忽视的严重后果。同时,CO2也是一种无毒、廉价、丰富、可再生的C1资源,因此将CO2转化为高附加值化学品具有重要的现实意义。乙醇是重要的基础化工原料,其被广泛用作消毒剂、反应溶剂和汽油添加剂。将二氧化碳直接转化为乙醇是消除温室气体以及生产有价值产品的理想工艺。然而,这一过程受到低活性的阻碍,这源于CO2的高热力学稳定性和化学惰性,以及副产物(如CH4、CO和CH3OH等)的形成。因此,开发用于乙醇生产的高活性和高选择性催化剂仍然是一项巨大的挑战。
已报道的CO2加氢制乙醇催化体系主要有贵金属基、Co基、Cu基、Fe基和多元素复合催化剂体系。其中,贵金属基催化剂表现出较高的乙醇选择性。然而,由于贵金属价格昂贵,因此将贵金属的利用效率最大化对于实际应用是势在必行的。单原子催化剂是指负载在载体表面上的孤立金属原子作为活性位点,因其独特的催化行为和100%效率而受到广泛关注。然而,单原子催化剂中有限的活性金属组分负载量决定了催化剂活性较低,极大限制了实际应用。同时,由于缺乏适当的金属-载体相互作用,单原子活性位点容易迁移和聚集,导致催化稳定性差。
因此,开发具有高活性、高选择性和优异稳定性的用于二氧化碳加氢制乙醇的新型单原子催化剂仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明采用掺杂的策略用于调控载体表面氧空位的数量与性质,使其在高温环境中更容易锚定金属原子,得到高分散且高稳定性的单原子催化剂。该催化剂在CO2加氢制乙醇过程中,能够将CO2高效地催化转化成具有高附加值的产品乙醇,有效降低了副产物如CO、CH4和CH3OH的形成,并且具有更高的稳定性。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种用于催化CO2加氢制乙醇的金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将载体前驱体溶解在水中,加入沉淀剂,混匀进行水热反应;其中,载体前驱体为水溶性的铈盐、锆盐、铟盐、锌盐、铬盐、锰盐、铝盐、钛酸酯中任意两种或两种以上;反应结束后,过滤、收集固体,干燥,然后在300~800℃下进行焙烧,得到金属氧化物掺杂型载体;
(2)将金属氧化物掺杂型载体分散在有机溶剂中,得到悬浮液,然后向悬浮液中加入活性金属前驱体,搅拌5~20h,然后除去有机溶剂,得到固体,焙烧,得到金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂;活性金属选自Rh、Pd、Ir、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu中任意一种或多种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)所述载体前驱体中金属相对水的浓度为0.2-1.0mol/L。具体可选0.5mol/L。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中载体前驱体为水溶性的硝酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸盐和乙酰丙酮盐中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中载体前驱体包括主成分和掺杂成分,分别独立选自水溶性的铈盐、锆盐、铟盐、锌盐、铬盐、锰盐、铝盐、钛酸酯中任意一种或多种,且主成分和掺杂成分不相同;主成分中金属与掺杂成分中金属的摩尔比为1:0.3-0.3:1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中,主成分优选水溶性的铈盐、铟盐、锌盐、铝盐、钛酸酯中任意一种或多种,掺杂成分优选锆盐、铬盐、锰盐、钛酸酯中任意一种或多种;且主成分和掺杂成分不同为钛酸酯。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述钛酸酯具体可选用钛酸四丁酯。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中的沉淀剂为尿素、钠盐、钾盐和氨水中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中沉淀剂相对水的浓度为0.8-1.5mol/L。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中加入沉淀剂并在30~100℃下剧烈搅拌,实现混匀。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中水热反应的条件为:在高压釜中加热至50~120℃反应5~100h,然后升至120~200℃继续反应1~20h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中焙烧的时间为1~10h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中有机溶剂为丙酮。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中悬浮液中金属氧化物掺杂型载体的浓度为0.02-0.1g/mL;具体可选用0.05g/mL。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中活性金属前驱体为活性金属的硝酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸盐和乙酰丙酮盐中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中活性金属前驱体中活性金属相对载体的用量为0.01mmol/g。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中焙烧的温度为800℃,时间为10h。
本发明提供了上述催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将载体的相应前驱体溶解在水中,加入沉淀剂并在30~100℃下剧烈搅拌,然后转移到不锈钢高压釜中并在烘箱中50~120℃水热5~100h,然后升至120~200℃水热1~20h。最后,将水热产物过滤并洗涤,在60~150℃下干燥过夜,并在马弗炉中在300~800℃焙烧1~10h,得到载体;
(2)将载体分散在丙酮溶剂中,超声处理1~10h,得到分散良好的悬浮液后向其中加入活性组分对应的前驱体,继续搅拌5~20h,旋蒸得到固体,在800℃焙烧10h,即得到催化剂。
本发明基于上述方法制备提供了一种用于催化CO2加氢制乙醇的金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,催化剂中的活性组分在载体上呈原子级别高度分散,活性组分包括Rh、Pd、Ir、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu中的一种或几种;载体包括CeO2、TiO2、In2O3、Al2O3、ZnO、SiO2、MnO2、Cr2O3和ZrO2中的两种或两种以上。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,催化剂中活性组分含量占催化剂总质量的0.01%~10%;载体占催化剂总质量的90%~99.99%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述活性组分在载体上呈原子级别高度分散。
本发明还提供了一种CO2加氢制乙醇的方法,所述方法中以上述催化剂为加氢催化剂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述方法是在CO2加氢制乙醇的催化剂中通入CO2/H2合成气,在间歇釜反应器、固定床或浆态床中进行CO2加氢制备乙醇的反应。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述催化剂在使用前要进行活化预处理,预处理气氛为氢气或一氧化碳,压力为0.1~2MPa,温度为300~600℃,时间为1~10h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述CO2加氢制乙醇的反应条件为:CO2:H2=1:1~8,反应温度为100~350℃,反应压力为1~10MPa。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明引入金属氧化物掺杂概念,用于调控催化剂表面氧空位数量与性质,掺杂后得到的催化剂载体表面暴露出更多氧空位,可有效锚定活性组分原子,得到了高度分散的单原子催化剂。本发明催化剂通过将单原子Rh嵌入到掺杂型载体上构建的Rh单原子催化剂显示出优异的CO2加氢性能,乙醇选择性>99%,且稳定性较高。本发明通过对载体掺杂处理的方式实现载体表面性质的调控,进而提高负载活性金属的分散性和结构稳定性,以及提高CO2加氢制乙醇催化性能。
(2)本发明提出的掺杂策略可有效调控活性组分与载体之间的相互作用,使得活性组分难以发生团聚和烧结,表现出较高的稳定性。
附图说明
图1为催化剂结构示意图(Ti掺杂的CeO2载体负载Rh单原子催化剂),其中虚线圈内为单原子活性组分。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合具体实例对本发明做进一步说明,本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
催化剂性能评价是在间歇釜反应器中进行的。具体催化性能评价方法如下:对催化剂进行还原活化处理。其中催化剂活化预处理条件为:预处理气氛为高纯氢,压力为0.1MPa,温度为300℃,时间为1h。还原完毕后,将CO2:H2=1:3的原料气充入反应器至3MPa,反应温度升至250℃后开始反应。催化剂质量为30mg,溶剂为水,溶剂体积为20mL,转速为400rpm,反应时间为5h。气体产物进入色谱进行在线分析,液相产物通过核磁共振谱图分析。
CO2转化率=(反应前CO2摩尔数-反应后CO2摩尔数)/反应前CO2摩尔数×100%;
产物选择性=产物摩尔数×产物分子中碳原子数/(反应前CO2摩尔数-反应后CO2摩尔数)×100%。
CO2加氢制乙醇的催化剂体系及其制备方法:
实施例1
第一步,将铈、钛摩尔比为0.3:1的硝酸铈和钛酸四丁酯溶解于80mL去离子水中形成铈钛混合溶液,其中铈钛混合溶液中铈和钛的总摩尔浓度为0.5mol/L;随后将5.586g尿素加入到铈钛混合溶液中,混合并在50℃下剧烈搅拌,80℃水热48h,然后升至120℃水热5h。最后,将水热产物过滤并用乙醇洗涤,在120℃下干燥过夜,并在马弗炉中在400℃焙烧4h,得到Ti掺杂的CeO2载体负载Rh单原子催化剂,记作CeTiOx载体;
第二步,将1g CeTiOx载体分散在20mL丙酮溶剂中,超声处理2h,然后向其中加入0.0039g乙酰丙酮铑,继续搅拌10h,旋蒸得到固体,在800℃焙烧10h,即得到Rh/CeTiOx催化剂。催化剂中Rh元素含量为0.1wt%。
实施例2
将实施例1第一步的载体前驱体改为硝酸铟和硝酸锆(铟、锆摩尔比为0.3:1),其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Rh/InZrOx催化剂。
实施例3
将实施例1第一步的载体前驱体改为硝酸锌和硝酸锆(锌、锆摩尔比为0.3:1),其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Rh/ZnZrOx催化剂。
实施例4
将实施例1第一步的钛酸四丁酯改为硝酸铬(铈、铬摩尔比为0.3:1),其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Rh/CeCrOx催化剂。
实施例5
将实施例1第一步的载体前驱体改为硝酸钛和硝酸锰(钛、锰摩尔比为0.3:1),其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Rh/TiMnOx催化剂。
实施例6
将实施例1第一步的硝酸铈改为硝酸铝(铝、钛摩尔比为0.3:1),其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Rh/AlTiOx催化剂。
实施例7
将实施例1第一步的钛酸四丁酯改为硝酸锰(铈、锰摩尔比为0.3:1),其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Rh/CeMnOx催化剂。
实施例8
将实施例1第二步的乙酰丙酮铑改为等摩尔量的醋酸钯,其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Pd/CeTiOx催化剂。
实施例9
将实施例1第二步的乙酰丙酮铑改为等摩尔量的硝酸镍,其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Ni/CeTiOx催化剂。
实施例10
将实施例1第二步的乙酰丙酮铑改为等摩尔量的醋酸铱,其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Ir/CeTiOx催化剂。
实施例11
将实施例1第二步的乙酰丙酮铑改为等摩尔量的硝酸钴,其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Co/CeTiOx催化剂。
实施例12
将实施例1第二步的乙酰丙酮铑改为等摩尔量的硝酸铜,其余步骤和操作不变,即得到Cu/CeTiOx催化剂。
CO2加氢制乙醇催化剂的应用:
将催化剂置于间歇釜反应器中,在反应条件250℃,3MPa下,催化剂质量为30mg,溶剂为水,溶剂体积为20mL,转速为400rpm,反应5h。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表1。将反应后的催化剂进行回收,标记为run N(N为循环次数),用于下一次循环测试。催化剂的催化性能结果见表1。
实施例13
将Rh/CeTiOx催化剂置于间歇釜反应器中,改变反应温度为100℃,其余参数不变。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表1。
实施例14
将Rh/CeTiOx催化剂置于间歇釜反应器中,改变反应压力为1MPa,其余参数不变。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表1。
实施例15
将Rh/CeTiOx催化剂置于间歇釜反应器中,改变水体积为5mL,其余参数不变。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表1。
表1 不同催化剂的催化性能
从表1结果中可以看出,采用本发明的催化剂制备方法制备出的催化剂在CO2加氢制乙醇中表现出很高的乙醇选择性(>99%),并在经历五次循环测试后,催化剂仍可保持较好的催化性能,显示出了良好的催化稳定性。
对比例1
将硝酸铈和尿素溶解在水中(控制水中金属总摩尔浓度相同),其余步骤同实施例1,得到CeO2载体;其他催化剂制备步骤同实施例1,得到Rh/CeO2催化剂,并在间歇釜反应器中进行CO2加氢性能评价,评价条件为250℃,3MPa。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表2。
对比例2
将钛酸四丁酯和尿素溶解在水中(控制水中金属总摩尔浓度相同),其余步骤同实施例1,得到TiO2载体;其他催化剂制备步骤同实施例1,得到Rh/TiO2催化剂,并在间歇釜反应器中进行CO2加氢性能评价,评价条件为250℃,3MPa。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表2。
对比例3
将硝酸铟和尿素溶解在水中(控制水中金属总摩尔浓度相同),其余步骤同实施例1,得到In2O3载体;其他催化剂制备步骤同实施例1,得到Rh/In2O3催化剂,并在间歇釜反应器中进行CO2加氢性能评价,评价条件为250℃,3MPa。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表2。
对比例4
将硝酸锆和尿素溶解在水中(控制水中金属总摩尔浓度相同),其余步骤同实施例1,得到ZrO2载体;其他催化剂制备步骤同实施例1,得到Rh/ZrO2催化剂,并在间歇釜反应器中进行CO2加氢性能评价,评价条件为250℃,3MPa。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表2。
对比例5
将硝酸锌和尿素溶解在水中(控制水中金属总摩尔浓度相同),其余步骤同实施例1,得到ZnO载体;其他催化剂制备步骤同实施例1,得到Rh/ZnO催化剂,并在间歇釜反应器中进行CO2加氢性能评价,评价条件为250℃,3MPa。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表2。
表2 不同催化剂对CO2加氢的催化性能
从表2中结果可以看出,在单一载体上负载的Rh催化剂CO2转化率和乙醇选择性均较低,且经历五次循环后催化剂的性能明显下降,表现出较差的稳定性。
对比例6
利用实施例1中的硝酸铈、钛酸四丁酯、乙酰丙酮铑原料制备非掺杂型催化剂:
(1)将3g CeO2载体在30%H2/CO的气氛下以2℃/min升到340℃,保持2h,空速为6000mL/g/h;
(2)将3g处理好的CeO2载体分散在含有500mL去离子水和100mL乙二醇溶液的混合溶剂中,超声处理3h;在超声作用下加入乙酰丙酮铑水溶液,将此悬浮液进一步搅拌10h。离心分离得到固体,然后用去离子水和乙醇洗涤制中性,干燥后在200℃下焙烧1h。
(3)将步骤(2)中所得固体分散在50mL去离子水中,超声分散1h,在超声作用下添加前驱体钛酸四丁酯(铈、钛摩尔比为0.3:1),搅拌1h。然后将此固液混合物缓慢旋转蒸发干燥,最后于350℃焙烧3h,得到催化剂Rh-CeO2-TiO2。催化剂中Rh元素含量为0.1wt%。
并在间歇釜反应器中进行CO2加氢性能评价,评价条件为250℃,3MPa。转化率和各产物选择性或分布结果见表3。
表3 Rh-CeO2-TiO2催化剂对CO2加氢的催化性能
从表3中结果可以看出,与现有相近方案相比,本发明制备的掺杂型载体负载的单原子催化剂具有更优异的催化活性和稳定性。
本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非用以限定本发明。对于所属领域的人员来说,在上述说明的基础上都可做出各种变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种CO2加氢制乙醇的方法,其特征在于,所述方法中是在金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂中通入CO2/H2合成气,在间歇釜反应器、固定床或浆态床中进行CO2加氢制备乙醇的反应;
所述金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将载体前驱体溶解在水中,加入沉淀剂,混匀进行水热反应;其中,载体前驱体为水溶性的铈盐和钛酸酯;反应结束后,过滤、收集固体,干燥,然后在300~800 ℃下进行焙烧,得到金属氧化物掺杂型载体;
(2)将金属氧化物掺杂型载体分散在有机溶剂中,得到悬浮液,然后向悬浮液中加入活性金属前驱体,搅拌5~20 h,然后除去有机溶剂,得到固体,焙烧,得到金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂;活性金属为Rh;
金属氧化物掺杂型单原子催化剂中活性组分含量占催化剂总质量的0.1%~10%;载体占催化剂总质量的90%~99.99%。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述载体前驱体中金属相对水的浓度为0.2-1.0 mol/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的沉淀剂为尿素、氨水中的一种或几种。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中水热反应的条件为:在高压釜中加热至50~120℃反应5~100 h,然后升至120~200℃继续反应1~20 h。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中悬浮液中金属氧化物掺杂型载体的浓度为0.02-0.1g/mL。
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