CN115109617A - A downdraft plasma gasification melting device for solid waste recycling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment. The port is connected with the feeding port of the melting chamber, the lower end side of the downdraft gasifier is connected with the heat treatment chamber through the synthesis gas channel, the flue gas outlet of the melting chamber is connected with the heat treatment chamber, and the material flows from top to bottom in the downdraft gasifier. After passing through the drying section, the pyrolysis section, the oxidation section and the reduction section in sequence, the water vapor produced in the drying section and the pyrolysis gas and tar liquid produced in the pyrolysis section are also in the same direction as the material movement. The invention solves the problems of high tar content in the flue gas of the existing melting furnace and low energy utilization efficiency.

Description

A downdraft plasma gasification melting device for solid waste recycling

technical field

The invention relates to a gasification and melting device, in particular to a downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment.

Background technique

Solid waste mainly includes: domestic waste, industrial solid waste, hazardous waste, etc. While my country's economy is growing rapidly, the amount of solid waste generated is also increasing year by year, but there is a serious shortage of solid waste treatment, especially the ability to treat it as a resource. matching phenomenon. A large amount of solid waste has not been treated in a harmless and resourceful manner, but is disposed of by landfill, which not only wastes a lot of valuable land resources, but also causes serious secondary pollution, such as landfill leachate. The odor generated by groundwater and soil and garbage dumping seriously affects the air quality around the site. Therefore, the development and application of solid waste recycling and harmless treatment technology is urgently needed.

There are new technologies in the field of solid waste treatment such as plasma gasification technology, supercritical water oxidation technology and biological method. Among them, the plasma gasification technology can heat the solid waste to a high temperature of 5000-10000K, completely destroy the organic matter in the solid waste and melt the inorganic matter into a glass body with stable physical properties, which has great advantages in the field of solid waste recycling and harmless treatment potential.

At present, domestic plasma gasification melting technology has been applied to medical waste treatment, waste incineration fly ash treatment, waste gasification treatment, etc., but most of them have the problem of high tar content in syngas, such as CN 104711032A "A high-temperature plasma waste "Gasification cracking furnace" and CN 110121750A "Radioactive waste treatment device", both of which use updraft plasma gasification furnace to treat solid waste. Extraction through the syngas outlet above the furnace body may affect the stable operation of the equipment, and even affect the life of subsequent equipment. However, the existing solid waste plasma treatment equipment has problems such as high energy consumption and low energy utilization rate. For example, CN 102859280B "tilting furnace", the melting furnace in the patent has no material layer, and the solid waste enters the furnace and directly falls into the molten pool. The rapid pyrolysis of torch heating produces a large amount of high-temperature combustible gas and is pumped away by the flue gas channel, resulting in relatively low thermal efficiency of the melting furnace, increased energy consumption per ton of solid waste treatment, and rapid pyrolysis immediately after the addition of solid waste to produce a large amount of smoke It is easy to cause large fluctuations in post-processing conditions, which are difficult to control. For example, CN 114068057A "Vitrification treatment method of radioactive waste", in the patent, the waste is incinerated first, and the incineration ash is cooled and transported into a melting furnace and then heated and melted. In the process, the sensible heat of the incineration ash is wasted, which reduces energy utilization. Rate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment, which solves the technical problems of high tar content in melting furnace flue gas and low energy utilization efficiency in the prior art .

For solving the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment is characterized in that: it comprises a downdraft gasifier, a melting chamber and a heat treatment chamber, and the lower end of the downdraft gasifier discharges ash and slag. The port is connected with the feeding port of the melting chamber, the lower end side of the down-draft gasifier is connected with the heat treatment chamber through the synthesis gas channel, the flue gas outlet of the melting chamber is connected with the heat treatment chamber, and the material flows from top to bottom in the down-draft gasifier After passing through the drying section, the pyrolysis section, the oxidation section and the reduction section in sequence, the water vapor generated in the drying section and the pyrolysis gas and tar liquid generated in the pyrolysis section are also in the same direction as the material movement.

Further, the downdraft gasification furnace includes a furnace body arranged in a vertical direction, and the furnace body cavity is divided into a drying section, a pyrolysis section, an oxidation section and a reduction section in turn from top to bottom, and the upper side of the furnace body corresponds to the The drying section is provided with a feeding device, the lower end of the furnace body is provided with a vibrating grate and a slag falling grate, the lower end of the furnace body is connected with one end of the ash and slag channel, and the other end of the ash and slag channel is connected with the feeding port of the melting chamber.

Further, the furnace body is provided with a material level gauge, and the material level gauge is located at the junction of the drying section and the pyrolysis section; the furnace body is provided with multiple groups of gasification agent inlets, and the multiple groups of gasification agent inlets are vertically arranged. The direction is distributed on the side wall of the furnace body, and multiple groups of gasification agent air inlets are located in the oxidation section; the furnace body is provided with a burner, and the burner is located at the junction of the oxidation section and the reduction section; the furnace body is provided with a pressure difference sensor, the pressure difference Sensors measure the air pressure above and below the vibrating grate and the falling slag grate, respectively.

Further, the reduction section of the furnace body has a conical structure, and the inclination angle α of the conical shape is 10-45°.

Further, the vibrating grate includes a grate grid and a power push rod, the grate grid is horizontally arranged in the furnace body, and one side of the grate grid is connected with one end of the power push rod through a latch, and the other end of the power push rod is connected. The hydraulic cylinder or electric push rod is driven by the hydraulic cylinder or electric push rod to move back and forth in the horizontal direction. The upper side of the grate grid is provided with a number of plate ribs, the plate ribs are arranged in the vertical direction, and the lower end of the plate ribs is fixed on the grate grid on the grid.

Further, the slag falling grate comprises a first semicircular grate grid, a second semicircular grate grid, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a first slag falling power push rod and a second slag falling power push rod, The first semicircular grate grid is set on the inner wall of the furnace through the rotation of the first rotating shaft, and the second semicircular grate grid is rotated and arranged on the inner wall of the furnace through the second rotating shaft. The first semicircular grate grid and the second semicircular furnace The grids are symmetrically arranged in the furnace body. When the first semi-circular grate grid and the second semi-circular grate grid are in a horizontal state, a complete circular grate is formed. The lower side of the grid is hinged, the other end of the second slag falling power push rod is hinged with the lower side of the second semi-circular grate grid, and the other ends of the first slag falling power push rod and the second slag falling power push rod are respectively connected to a hydraulic cylinder or electric push rod.

Further, the vibrating grate and the falling slag grate are provided with water-cooled flow channels.

Further, the upper end of the melting chamber is provided with a plasma torch or a plasma graphite arc, an electrode is provided in the molten pool of the melting chamber, the bottom of the molten pool is a metal melt, and a slag discharge port is provided on the side wall of the melting chamber corresponding to the position of the molten pool. The side wall of the melting chamber is provided with an iron discharge port corresponding to the position of the metal melt, and the side wall of the melting chamber is also provided with an air inlet of the melting chamber and the air inlet of the melting chamber is located above the liquid level of the molten pool, and the upper end of the melting chamber is opened with a melting chamber smoke The outlet is connected with the heat treatment chamber through the flue gas pipeline.

Further, the lower end of the heat treatment chamber is provided with a plasma torch or a burner, the side of the heat treatment chamber is provided with a heat treatment air inlet, and the upper end of the heat treatment chamber is provided with a heat treatment air outlet.

Further, a high temperature flue gas valve is arranged on the synthesis gas channel.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

1. A downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling of the present invention adopts a downdraft gasifier, and the tar in the pyrolysis gas is oxidized and decomposed by the oxide layer, which can significantly reduce the outlet of the gasifier The tar content is high, and the pyrolysis gas moves down with the material, so the heat will not be taken away by the pyrolysis gas, which improves the energy utilization efficiency;

2. The hot ash and slag after the solid waste gas is transformed into the melting furnace directly falls into the melting furnace through the bottom grate to be melted into vitreous slag with stable physical and chemical properties, which can fully utilize the sensible heat of the ash and slag and can effectively prevent the ash and slag from causing secondary pollution to the environment;

3. The outlet flue of the gasifier of the present invention is provided with a high-temperature flue gas valve, and the flue gas valve can be closed when the slag is discharged from the melting furnace, so that the combustible gas enters the melting furnace for combustion, enhances the heat load of the melting furnace, increases the temperature of the molten pool, and is beneficial to the melting furnace. The slag is discharged smoothly and the thermal efficiency is improved;

4. The invention adopts vibrating grate and slag grate, which can ensure the formation of a stable and loose material layer, prevent the material layer from bridging in the reduction section, and also ensure that ash and incombustibles are smoothly discharged into the melting chamber.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic view of the vibrating grate of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the slag grate of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a side view of the falling slag grate of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to elaborate the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined technical purpose, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described implementation The examples are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and the technical means or technical features in the embodiments of the present invention can be replaced without creative work. The following will refer to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with Examples are given to illustrate the present invention in detail.

As shown in FIG. 1, a downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment according to the present invention comprises a downdraft gasifier 1, a melting chamber 2 and a heat treatment chamber 3, and a downdraft gas The ash discharge port at the lower end of the furnace 1 is connected with the feed port of the melting chamber 2, the lower end side of the downdraft gasifier 1 is connected with the heat treatment chamber 3 through the synthesis gas channel 4, and the flue gas outlet of the melting chamber 2 is connected with the heat treatment chamber. 3 is connected, the material passes through the drying section 5, the pyrolysis section 6, the oxidation section 7 and the reduction section 8 from top to bottom in the down-draft gasifier 1, the water vapor generated by the drying section 5 and the heat generated by the pyrolysis section 6. The degassing and tar liquid are also in the same direction as the material, and go through the oxidation section and the reduction section from top to bottom. A high temperature flue gas valve 38 is provided on the synthesis gas channel 4 .

The downdraft gasifier 1 includes a furnace body arranged in the vertical direction. The furnace body cavity is divided into a drying section 5, a pyrolysis section 6, an oxidation section 7 and a reduction section 8 in turn from top to bottom. The upper side of the furnace body corresponds to the The drying section 5 is provided with a feeding device 9 , and the solid waste is fed into the downdraft gasifier 1 from the feeding device 9 . The lower end of the furnace body is provided with a vibrating grate 10 and a slag dropping grate 11 . There is an inclination angle β between the ash channel 12 and the vertical direction, and β=30-60°.

A material level gauge 13 is arranged in the furnace body, and the material level gauge 13 is located at the junction of the drying section 5 and the pyrolysis section 6 . The furnace body is provided with multiple groups of gasification agent inlets 14 , which are distributed on the side wall of the furnace body along the vertical direction, and are located in the oxidation section 7 . A burner 15 is arranged in the furnace body, and the burner 15 is located at the junction of the oxidation section 7 and the reduction section 8 . A differential pressure sensor 16 is arranged in the furnace body, and the differential pressure sensor 16 measures the air pressure above and below the vibrating grate 10 and the falling slag grate 11 respectively.

The reduction section 8 of the furnace body has a conical structure, and the inclination angle α of the conical shape is 10-45°. Through the tapered diameter reduction structure, the gasification strength is enhanced.

In the oxidation section 7, air or oxygen enters from the gasification agent inlet 14 and oxidizes the organic matter in the material and the tar in the pyrolysis gas to form small molecular gases such as CO ₂ , CO, and H ₂ O. The oxidation section 7 needs to maintain the temperature between 800-1000° C. to provide sufficient heat for the reduction section 8 and ensure that most of the tar is oxidized. The burner 15 in the oxidation section 7 is used to preheat the oven when the device is started up, and at the same time to supplement a certain amount of heat when the gasification temperature is insufficient. In the reduction section 8, the unreacted carbon undergoes a reduction reaction with CO ₂ and H ₂ O to generate CO, H ₂ and CO ₂ . The temperature of the reduction section is maintained between 700-900 °C to ensure that the reduction reaction rate is sufficient, and the ash and incombustibles formed after the material reacts pass through the vibrating grate 10 and the slag-dropping grate 11, and then fall from the ash and slag channel 12. into the melting chamber 2. The temperature of the synthesis gas after passing through the slag grate 11 is about 700-900° C., and enters the heat treatment chamber 3 through the synthesis gas passage 4 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , the vibrating grate 10 includes a grate grid 17 and a power push rod 18 . The grate grid 17 is horizontally arranged in the furnace body, and one side of the grate grid 17 passes through a latch 19 and one end of the power push rod 18 . Connection, the other end of the power push rod 18 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, which is driven by the hydraulic cylinder or the electric push rod to move back and forth in the horizontal direction. It is arranged in a straight direction and the lower end of the rib 20 is fixed on the grate grid to prevent bridging. There are 20-100mm holes on the grate grid 17, so that some incombustibles entrained in ash and solid waste can pass, and in the reciprocating motion, the material layer can be loosened and the unreacted carbon residue can be broken, preventing clogging and enhancing gasification reaction. In the present invention, the plate ribs 20 adopt a triangular structure, and a plurality of plate ribs 20 are arranged parallel to each other along the reciprocating movement direction of the vibrating grate 10, and the reciprocating motion of the vibrating grate 10 prevents the upper material layer from bridging.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the falling slag grate 11 includes a first semicircular grate grid 21 , a second semicircular grate grid 22 , a first rotating shaft 23 , a second rotating shaft 24 , and a first slag falling power push rod 25 and the second slag falling power push rod 26, the first semicircular grate grid 21 is rotated and arranged on the inner wall of the furnace through the first rotating shaft 23, and the second semicircular grate grid 22 is rotated and arranged in the furnace through the second rotating shaft 24. On the wall, the first semicircular grate grid 21 and the second semicircular grate grid 22 are symmetrically arranged in the furnace body. Circular grate, and the size of the complete circular grate is 1/10-1/3 of the vibrating grate 10. One end of the first slag falling power push rod 25 is hinged with the lower side of the first semi-circular grate grid 21, and the other end of the second slag falling power push rod 26 is hinged with the lower side of the second semi-circular grate grid 22. The other ends of the push rod 25 and the second slag falling power push rod 26 are respectively connected with a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod.

The vibrating grate 10 and the slag-falling grate 11 are provided with a water-cooled flow channel to cool the vibrating grate 10 and the slag-falling grate 11 so as to improve the service life of the grate. In the present invention, the water-cooling flow channel of the vibrating grate 10 is specifically, a circulating cooling water flow channel is arranged in the grate grid 17, the power push rod 18 adopts a casing type structure, and the inner and outer layers of the casing are respectively opened for cooling water inlet and cooling water. The water outlet, the inner and outer layers of the casing are respectively connected with both ends of the cooling water channel in the grate grid 17 to form a complete water cooling channel. The water cooling channels of the slag grate 11 are specifically, the first half-circle grate grid 21 and the second half-circle grate grid 22 are respectively provided with circulating cooling water channels, the two ends of the first rotating shaft 23 and the second rotating shaft 24 The cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet are respectively opened, and the inside of the rotating shaft is connected with the cooling water flow channels of the first half-circle grate grid 21 and the second half-circle grate grid 22 respectively to form a complete water cooling channel.

In the reduction section, the ash and incombustibles formed by the reaction of the materials first pass through the vibrating grate 10, and the vibrating grate 10 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod to reciprocate in the 8 material layers of the reduction section in the furnace, vibrating. When the grate grid 17 and the plate bars 20 of the grate 10 vibrate, large particles such as ash or carbon residue will be broken, and the bridging phenomenon of the material layer in the reduction section will be prevented. Ashes and incombustibles with a particle size smaller than the grate grid 17 will fall on the slag grate 11 through the vibrating grate 10 . After the material undergoes gasification and nucleation reaction, smaller particles of ash and slag fall through the first semi-circular grate grid 21 and the second semi-circular grate grid 22 of the slag-dropping grate 11, and fall into the melting chamber through the ash channel 12. 2 in. When the top of the slag grate 11 is blocked due to some factors or a large amount of incombustibles is accumulated, the first semi-circular grate grid 21 and the second half-circle grate 11 are driven by the hydraulic cylinder or the electric push rod. The two half-circle grate grids 22 can be turned downward by 30-60°, and the ash and incombustibles are directly poured into the melting chamber 2 . The bottom of the downdraft gasifier 1 is provided with a differential pressure sensor 16 to measure the differential pressure between the upper material layer of the vibrating grate 10 and the gas phase space below the slag grate 11, so as to control the movement frequency of the vibrating grate 10 and the slag grate 11 flips. It is worth noting that the size of the non-combustible solid waste entering the downdraft gasifier 1 cannot be larger than the grid of the vibrating grate 10 . When there is a larger size of non-combustible waste, it should be considered to be sorted and put directly into the melting chamber 2.

The upper end of the melting chamber 2 is provided with a plasma torch or a plasma graphite arc 27, an electrode 29 is provided in the molten pool 28 of the melting chamber, and the electrode material can be graphite, copper, silicon, molybdenum, etc. ), Inconel693, Inconel 690, silicon carbide. The bottom of the molten pool is the metal melt 30, the side wall of the melting chamber 2 is provided with a slag discharge port 31 corresponding to the position of the molten pool, the side wall of the melting chamber 2 is provided with an iron discharge port 32 corresponding to the position of the metal melt 30, and the side wall of the melting chamber 2 is provided with a discharge port 32. There is also a melting chamber air inlet 33 located above the liquid level of the molten pool 28. The upper end of the melting chamber 2 is provided with a melting chamber smoke outlet 34 and is connected to the heat treatment chamber 3 through a flue gas pipeline.

The ash and incombustibles will fall into the central area of the molten pool in the melting chamber 2 after passing through the ash channel 12 with a certain inclination angle. The ash and incombustibles are melted under the heating action of the plasma torch or the plasma graphite arc 27 and the electrode 29 at the top of the melting chamber 2 . The plasma torch uses air, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon as the carrier gas, preferably air, which is low in cost and can completely oxidize the carbon that may remain in the ash. The melting chamber 2 is provided with a melting chamber air inlet 33, and additional air or oxygen can be introduced when necessary to ensure the complete oxidation of carbon residues. Slag to prevent thermal shock. A certain amount of metal melt with relatively high density will be deposited at the bottom of the melting chamber 2 , so the bottom of the melting chamber 2 is provided with an iron discharge port 32 . The melting chamber 2 discharges the metal melt by regularly opening the iron discharge port 32 to prevent the electrode from being short-circuited and damaged due to excessive metal deposition at the bottom of the molten pool. The temperature of the flue gas generated in the melting chamber 2 is about 1100-1200° C., and the flue gas is introduced into the heat treatment chamber 3 through the flue gas outlet 34 of the melting chamber.

The power of the plasma torch or the plasma graphite arc 27 and the electrode 29 needs to be appropriately increased during the slag discharge in the melting chamber 2 to increase the temperature of the molten pool, reduce the viscosity of the slag, and ensure smooth slag discharge. At this time, the high temperature flue gas valve 38 set on the synthesis gas channel 4 is closed, so that the synthesis gas generated in the downdraft gasifier 1 enters the melting chamber 2 through the ash channel, and a certain amount is introduced from the air inlet 33 of the melting chamber. Air burns it completely. By burning the syngas in the melting chamber 2, the heat load of the melting chamber is increased, the temperature of the molten pool is increased, and the power consumption is reduced.

The lower end of the heat treatment chamber 3 is provided with a plasma torch or burner 35 , the side of the heat treatment chamber 3 is provided with a heat treatment air inlet 36 , and the upper end of the heat treatment chamber 3 is provided with a heat treatment air outlet 37 .

The synthesis gas generated by the downdraft gasifier 1 and the flue gas generated by the melting chamber 2 are introduced from the side of the heat treatment chamber 3 . The bottom of the heat treatment chamber 3 is provided with a plasma torch or burner 35, which is used to preheat the heat treatment chamber 3 during startup or to provide heat when the temperature of the heat treatment chamber 3 is insufficient. The heat treatment chamber 3 is provided with a heat treatment air inlet 36, and a certain amount of air or oxygen can be introduced to combust the synthesis gas to provide heat according to requirements. During operation, the heat treatment chamber 3 needs to be maintained at 850°C-1100°C (relevant regulations vary according to different materials to be processed). For example, when processing forest biomass waste or domestic waste, the synthesis gas at the outlet of the downdraft gasifier 1 is about 800-850°C, the flue gas at the outlet of the melting chamber 2 is about 1100-1200°C, and the heat treatment chamber 3 hardly needs or only needs to provide a small amount of The heat maintains the heat treatment chamber 3 above 850°C, and the syngas can be used for other purposes through subsequent purification. For example, when dealing with hazardous waste, a sufficient amount of oxygen is introduced through the heat treatment air inlet 36 to completely burn the syngas, and the temperature of the heat treatment chamber 3 is maintained above 1100°C to achieve harmless treatment.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. The technical personnel, within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can make some changes or modifications by using the technical content disclosed above to be equivalent examples of equivalent changes, but if they do not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, according to the present invention Within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any simple modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment, characterized in that: comprising downdraft gasifier, melting chamber and heat treatment chamber, the lower end ash of downdraft gasifier The discharge port is connected with the feed port of the melting chamber, the lower end side of the downdraft gasifier is connected with the heat treatment chamber through the synthesis gas channel, the flue gas outlet of the melting chamber is connected with the heat treatment chamber, and the material flows upward in the downdraft gasifier. The lower part passes through the drying section, the pyrolysis section, the oxidation section and the reduction section in sequence. 2 . The downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling according to claim 1 , wherein the downdraft gasifier comprises a furnace body arranged in a vertical direction. 3 . The cavity of the furnace body is divided into drying section, pyrolysis section, oxidation section and reduction section from top to bottom. For the grate, the lower end of the furnace body is connected with one end of the ash slag channel, and the other end of the ash slag channel is connected with the feeding port of the melting chamber. 3. A downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: the furnace body is provided with a material level gauge, and the material level gauge is located in the drying section and the At the junction of the pyrolysis section; the furnace body is provided with multiple groups of gasification agent inlets, which are distributed on the side wall of the furnace body in the vertical direction, and the multiple groups of gasification agent inlets are located in the oxidizing agent. A burner is arranged in the furnace body, and the burner is located at the junction of the oxidation section and the reduction section; a pressure difference sensor is arranged in the furnace body, and the pressure difference sensor measures the air pressure above and below the vibrating grate and the slag grate respectively. 4 . The downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling according to claim 2 , wherein the reduction section of the furnace body is a conical structure, and the inclination angle of the cone is α . 5 . is 10-45°. 5. A downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: the vibrating grate comprises a grate grid and a power push rod, and the grate The grid is set horizontally in the furnace body, and one side of the grate grid is connected with one end of the power push rod through a latch, and the other end of the power push rod is connected to a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, which is driven by the hydraulic cylinder or electric push rod to move back and forth in the horizontal direction. The upper side of the grate grid is provided with a plurality of plate ribs, the plate ribs are arranged in the vertical direction, and the lower end of the plate ribs is fixed on the grate grid. 6 . The downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling according to claim 2 , wherein the slag falling grate comprises a first semicircular grate grid, a second The semicircular grate grid, the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, the first slag falling power push rod and the second slag falling power push rod, the first semi-circular grate grid is rotated and arranged on the inner wall of the furnace through the first rotating shaft, Two semicircular grate grids are rotated and arranged on the inner wall of the furnace through the second rotating shaft. The first semicircular grate grid and the second semicircular grate grid are symmetrically arranged in the furnace body. When the grate grid is in a horizontal state, a complete circular grate is formed. One end of the first slag falling power push rod is hinged with the lower side of the first semi-circular grate grid, and the other end of the second slag falling power push rod is connected to the second semi-circular furnace. The lower side of the grid is hinged, and the other ends of the first slag falling power push rod and the second slag falling power push rod are respectively connected with a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. 7. A downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: a water cooling flow is arranged in the vibrating grate and the falling slag grate road. 8 . The downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling according to claim 1 , wherein the upper end of the melting chamber is provided with a plasma torch or a plasma graphite arc to melt Electrodes are arranged in the molten pool of the chamber, the bottom of the molten pool is metal melt, a slag discharge port is set on the side wall of the melting chamber corresponding to the position of the molten pool, and an iron discharge port is set on the side wall of the melting chamber corresponding to the position of the metal melt. The wall is also provided with an air inlet of the melting chamber and the air inlet of the melting chamber is located above the liquid level of the molten pool. The upper end of the melting chamber is provided with a melting chamber smoke outlet and is connected to the heat treatment chamber through a smoke pipe. 9 . The downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling according to claim 1 , wherein the lower end of the heat treatment chamber is provided with a plasma torch or a burner, and the heat treatment chamber is provided with a plasma torch or a burner. 10 . The side of the heat treatment chamber is provided with a heat treatment air inlet, and the upper end side of the heat treatment chamber is provided with a heat treatment air outlet. 10 . The downdraft plasma gasification and melting device for solid waste recycling treatment according to claim 1 , wherein a high-temperature flue gas valve is arranged on the synthesis gas channel. 11 .

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