CN107726325A - Melting equipment for treating waste and waste treatment method - Google Patents
Melting equipment for treating waste and waste treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107726325A CN107726325A CN201711126371.4A CN201711126371A CN107726325A CN 107726325 A CN107726325 A CN 107726325A CN 201711126371 A CN201711126371 A CN 201711126371A CN 107726325 A CN107726325 A CN 107726325A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical group O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEBIHIICWDDQOL-YBHNRIQQSA-N polyoxin Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(C=O)N)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 YEBIHIICWDDQOL-YBHNRIQQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及废物处理技术领域，尤其是涉及一种用以处理废物的熔融设备及废物处理方法。The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a melting device and a waste treatment method for treating waste.
背景技术Background technique
传统的废物处置是通过焚烧方式进行处理，焚烧技术是一种高温热处理技术，即以一定量的过剩空气与被处理的有机废物在焚烧炉内进行氧化燃烧反应，废物中的有害有毒物质在高温下氧化、热解而被破坏，是一种可同时实现废物无害化、减量化、资源化的处理技术。但焚烧过程中会产生焚烧残余物，包括焚烧废物产生的飞灰、残渣及经尾气净化装置产生的固态物质，这些物质中含有二噁英、重金属等有毒有害物质，需经固化/稳定化处理后进行安全填埋，但是填埋处理后对地下水系、土壤和人体健康的危害依然存在，且传统的废物焚烧设施对二噁英的控制难以达到新标准的排放要求。Traditional waste disposal is processed by incineration. Incineration technology is a high-temperature heat treatment technology, that is, a certain amount of excess air is oxidized and burned in an incinerator with the organic waste to be processed. Harmful and toxic substances in the waste It is a treatment technology that can simultaneously realize waste harmlessness, reduction, and resource utilization. However, incineration residues will be produced during the incineration process, including fly ash and residues produced by incineration of waste, and solid substances produced by exhaust gas purification devices. These substances contain toxic and harmful substances such as dioxins and heavy metals, and need to be solidified/stabilized. However, the hazards to the groundwater system, soil and human health still exist after landfill treatment, and the control of dioxin by traditional waste incineration facilities is difficult to meet the discharge requirements of the new standard.
现在虽然存在通过熔融技术处理废物的技术，即通过将悬浮的二噁英颗粒分解降低二噁英的排放、将含有重金属等有毒物质的废渣固化成玻璃体降低有毒物质从玻璃体内渗出，但是熔融设备在结构上和处理废物的方式上存在能源浪费的问题。Although there is a technology for treating waste through melting technology, that is, by decomposing suspended dioxin particles to reduce dioxin emissions, solidifying waste residues containing heavy metals and other toxic substances into vitreous bodies to reduce the leakage of toxic substances from the vitreous body, but melting There is a problem of wasting energy in the structure of the equipment and in the way it handles waste.
本申请人发现现有技术至少存在以下技术问题：The applicant finds that the prior art has at least the following technical problems:
现有的用以处理废物的熔融设备在处理废物的过程中存在能源浪费的问题。The existing smelting equipment used for waste treatment has the problem of energy waste in the process of waste treatment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供用以处理废物的熔融设备及废物处理方法，以解决现有技术中存在的熔融设备处理废物的过程中能源浪费的技术问题。本发明提供的诸多技术方案中的优选技术方案所能产生的诸多技术效果详见下文阐述。The object of the present invention is to provide melting equipment and a waste treatment method for treating waste, so as to solve the technical problem of energy waste in the process of waste treatment by melting equipment existing in the prior art. The many technical effects that can be produced by the preferred technical solutions among the many technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明提供的一种用以处理废物的熔融设备，包括自燃炉和熔融炉，其中：所述自燃炉与所述熔融炉相连通；所述自燃炉上设置有废物进口，所述自燃炉能使通过所述废物进口进入所述自燃炉内的被预热的废物部分或全部发生自燃；所述熔融炉包括熔融排渣口以及烟气口以及所述熔融炉内部存在燃烧区和熔融区，所述废物自燃后产生的废渣能落入所述熔融区内并在所述熔融区受热后从所述熔融排渣口流出，所述废物自燃后产生的飞灰能漂浮在所述燃烧区内并在所述燃烧区燃烧后从所述烟气口排出。A kind of melting equipment for processing waste provided by the present invention includes a self-combustion furnace and a melting furnace, wherein: the self-combustion furnace is connected with the melting furnace; a waste inlet is arranged on the self-combustion furnace, and the self-combustion furnace can making the preheated waste that enters the self-combustion furnace through the waste inlet part or all spontaneously ignite; the melting furnace includes a melting slagging port and a flue gas port, and there is a combustion zone and a melting zone inside the melting furnace, The waste slag produced after the spontaneous combustion of the waste can fall into the melting zone and flow out from the melting slag outlet after the melting zone is heated, and the fly ash produced after the spontaneous combustion of the waste can float in the combustion zone And it is discharged from the flue gas port after burning in the combustion zone.
优选地，所述熔融炉包括熔融部、燃烧部和连接所述熔融部和所述燃烧部的锥形连接部，所述熔融部、所述锥形连接部和所述燃烧部从下到上依次设置，靠近所述熔融部的底端设置有所述熔融排渣口，所述燃烧部的顶端设置有所述烟气口，所述熔融部的内部形成所述熔融区，所述燃烧部的内部形成所述燃烧区。Preferably, the melting furnace includes a melting part, a combustion part and a conical connecting part connecting the melting part and the burning part, and the melting part, the conical connecting part and the burning part are from bottom to top Arranged in sequence, the melting slag discharge port is provided near the bottom end of the melting part, the smoke port is provided at the top end of the burning part, the melting zone is formed inside the melting part, and the burning part The interior of the form the combustion zone.
优选地，优选地，所述燃烧部和所述熔融部形状均为圆柱形，所述锥形连接部的形状为圆台形，所述燃烧部的直径大于所述熔融部的直径。Preferably, preferably, the shape of the burning part and the melting part are both cylindrical, the shape of the conical connecting part is a truncated cone, and the diameter of the burning part is larger than the diameter of the melting part.
优选地，所述熔融部设置有用以加热所述废渣的加热源，所述燃烧部设置有用以使所述飞灰发生燃烧的辅助加热源，所述加热源单位时间内提供的能量大于所述辅助加热源单位时间内提供的热量。Preferably, the melting part is provided with a heating source for heating the waste slag, the combustion part is provided with an auxiliary heating source for burning the fly ash, and the energy provided by the heating source per unit time is greater than that of the The heat provided by the auxiliary heating source per unit time.
优选地，所述加热源均匀分布在所述熔融部的侧壁上，所述加热源为燃烧器或等离子体发生器的一种或几种。Preferably, the heating source is evenly distributed on the side wall of the melting portion, and the heating source is one or more of a burner or a plasma generator.
优选地，所述自燃炉和所述燃烧区内均通有气化剂。Preferably, a gasifying agent is passed through both the self-combustion furnace and the combustion zone.
优选地，所述气化炉与所述熔融炉密封设置且所述气化炉与所述熔融炉转动连接，所述气化炉在动力源的驱动下能发生转动。Preferably, the gasification furnace and the melting furnace are arranged in a sealed manner and are rotatably connected to the melting furnace, and the gasification furnace can rotate under the drive of a power source.
优选地，所述气化炉的外壳为圆柱形，所述气化炉的轴线与所述熔融炉的轴线的夹角范围为83℃～88℃。Preferably, the shell of the gasification furnace is cylindrical, and the angle between the axis of the gasification furnace and the axis of the melting furnace ranges from 83°C to 88°C.
一种利废物处理方法，包括以下步骤：A method for treating waste, comprising the steps of:
S1、预处理废物；S1. Pretreatment of waste;
S2、使预处理后的废物在所述自燃炉发生自燃反应；S2, causing the pretreated waste to undergo a spontaneous combustion reaction in the self-combustion furnace;
S3、使燃烧后的废物产生的废渣进入所述熔融区内，加热所述废渣，燃烧后的飞灰漂浮在所述燃烧区发生燃烧；S3. Let the waste slag produced by the burned waste enter the melting zone, heat the waste slag, and burn the fly ash after burning in the burning zone;
S4、使熔融态的废渣从所述熔融排渣口排出后做冷却成玻璃体，使燃烧后的飞灰从所述烟气口排出。S4. Discharging molten waste slag from the molten slag outlet and cooling it into a glass body, and discharging burnt fly ash from the flue gas outlet.
优选地，S1包括以下步骤：Preferably, S1 includes the following steps:
S11、预处理废物分类；S11. Pretreatment waste classification;
S12、对废物进行破碎处理，废物的颗粒度不大于100mm；S12, crushing the waste, the particle size of the waste is not greater than 100mm;
S13、加热废物，使得废物的平均热值在2800大卡/千克～3200大卡/千克；S13. Heating the waste so that the average calorific value of the waste is 2800 kcal/kg to 3200 kcal/kg;
步骤S2包括：将预处理后的废物通过所述废物进口置于处于旋转状态下的所述气化炉内，预处理后的废物在与气化剂的接触下发生自燃反应，自燃后的温度范围为600℃～800℃；Step S2 includes: placing the pretreated waste in the rotating gasification furnace through the waste inlet, the pretreated waste undergoes a spontaneous combustion reaction in contact with the gasification agent, and the temperature after the spontaneous combustion is The range is 600℃～800℃;
步骤S3包括：所述废渣在重力的作用下落入所述熔融区内，在所述加热源的作用下加热所述废渣且加热温度不小于1400℃；所述飞灰漂浮在所述燃烧区并在气化剂和所述辅助加热源作用下发生燃烧，燃烧温度不小于1100℃；Step S3 includes: the waste slag falls into the melting zone under the action of gravity, the waste slag is heated under the action of the heating source and the heating temperature is not less than 1400°C; the fly ash floats in the combustion zone and Combustion occurs under the action of the gasification agent and the auxiliary heating source, and the combustion temperature is not less than 1100°C;
步骤S4包括：燃烧后的飞灰从所述烟气口排出并进入余热回收系统及气体处理系统。Step S4 includes: the burned fly ash is discharged from the flue gas port and enters the waste heat recovery system and the gas treatment system.
本发明提供用以处理废物的熔融设备及废物处理方法，以解决现有技术中存在的熔融设备处理废物的过程中能源浪费的技术问题，通过预热的废物在自燃炉里自燃，避免了在熔融炉内对废物进行加热使得废物产生废渣和飞灰的过程，减小了能力损失；燃烧部和熔融部通过锥形连接部连接，减小熔融区的空间，减小熔融区能量损失，使得废渣充分受热；熔融部的加热源单位时间内提供的能量大于燃烧部的辅助加热源单位时间内提供的热量，保证废渣熔融和二噁英分解的情况下，节省能量，减小能量浪费；自燃炉和燃烧部均通有气化剂，使得预加热废物在自燃炉充分燃烧、二噁英在富氧的调节下充分燃烧分解；自燃炉与熔融炉转动连接且自燃炉在动力源的驱动下缓慢转动，使得自燃炉内的废物充分与气化剂接触；自燃炉的轴线与熔融炉的轴线之间有夹角且夹角范围为83℃～88℃，使得废渣在重力的作用下落入熔融区，且夹角相对较大，使得废渣缓慢落入熔融区，延长废物的自燃时间。The invention provides melting equipment and a waste treatment method for treating waste to solve the technical problem of energy waste in the process of waste treatment by melting equipment in the prior art, and the preheated waste is spontaneously ignited in a self-combustion furnace to avoid the waste The process of heating the waste in the melting furnace to make the waste produce waste slag and fly ash reduces the loss of capacity; the combustion part and the melting part are connected by a conical connection to reduce the space of the melting zone and reduce the energy loss of the melting zone, so that The waste slag is fully heated; the energy provided by the heating source of the melting part per unit time is greater than the heat provided by the auxiliary heating source of the combustion part per unit time, to ensure that the waste slag is melted and the dioxin is decomposed, saving energy and reducing energy waste; spontaneous combustion Both the furnace and the combustion part are connected with a gasification agent, so that the preheated waste is fully combusted in the self-combustion furnace, and the dioxin is fully combusted and decomposed under the regulation of oxygen enrichment; Rotate slowly, so that the waste in the self-combustion furnace is fully in contact with the gasification agent; there is an angle between the axis of the self-combustion furnace and the axis of the melting furnace, and the angle ranges from 83°C to 88°C, so that the waste slag falls into the melting furnace under the action of gravity zone, and the angle is relatively large, so that the waste slag slowly falls into the melting zone, prolonging the spontaneous combustion time of the waste.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1是用以处理废物的熔融设备的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a melting device for treating waste.
图中1-自燃炉；2-熔融炉；21-燃烧区；22-熔融区；23-熔融部；24-燃烧部；25-锥形连接部；3-废物进口；4-熔融排渣口；5-烟气口；6-加热源；7-动力源。In the figure 1-spontaneous combustion furnace; 2-melting furnace; 21-combustion zone; 22-melting zone; 23-melting part; 24-combustion part; ; 5-flue gas outlet; 6-heating source; 7-power source.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式，都属于本发明所保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
参见图1，本发明提供了一种用以处理废物的熔融设备，包括自燃炉1和熔融炉2，其中：自燃炉1与熔融炉2相连通；自燃炉1上设置有废物进口3，自燃炉1能使通过废物进口3进入自燃炉1内的被预热的废物部分或全部发生自燃；熔融炉2包括熔融排渣口4以及烟气口5以及熔融炉2内部存在燃烧区21和熔融区22，废物自燃后产生的废渣能落入熔融区22内并在熔融区22受热后从熔融排渣口4流出，废物自燃后产生的飞灰能漂浮在燃烧区21内并在燃烧区21燃烧后从烟气口5排出，被预热的废物在自燃炉1发生自燃，自燃炉1是不需要外界提供热源的，燃点低的废物先发生燃烧，燃烧过程中使得高燃点的废物燃烧，高燃点的废物在燃烧的过程中使得更高燃点的废物燃烧，使得被预热的废物发生自燃，自燃后的废物产生的废渣落入熔融区22、产生的飞灰漂浮在燃烧区，而传统的熔融设备是将废物直接放到熔融炉中加热，加热的能量要大于本发明中在熔融炉2内加热废渣和飞灰的能量，解决现有技术中存在的熔融设备处理废物的过程中能源浪费的技术问题，利用废物燃烧产生的能量加热废物；废渣中包含重金属等有毒物质，废渣在熔融区22加热后从熔融排渣口4流出，并经过冷却成玻璃体，将重金属等有毒物质固化在玻璃体内，毒物浸出极低，可以将玻璃体作为普通废物处理或作为路基材料，大大减小了废物的填埋量；飞尘中含有有毒颗粒二噁英，二噁英在燃烧区21燃烧后被分解，减小了二噁英的排放。Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of smelting equipment in order to process waste, comprise self-combustion furnace 1 and melting furnace 2, wherein: self-combustion furnace 1 is connected with melting furnace 2; Furnace 1 can make part or all of the preheated waste that enters into self-combustion furnace 1 through waste inlet 3 spontaneously ignite; melting furnace 2 includes melting slagging outlet 4 and flue gas outlet 5, and there is combustion zone 21 and melting furnace 2 inside. Zone 22, the waste slag produced after the spontaneous combustion of waste can fall into the melting zone 22 and flow out from the melting slag outlet 4 after being heated in the melting zone 22, and the fly ash produced after the spontaneous combustion of waste can float in the combustion zone 21 and flow out in the combustion zone 21 After burning, it is discharged from the flue gas port 5, and the preheated waste spontaneously ignites in the self-combustion furnace 1. The self-combustion furnace 1 does not need an external heat source, and the waste with a low ignition point burns first, and the waste with a high ignition point is burned during the combustion process. The waste with high ignition point burns the waste with higher ignition point during the combustion process, so that the preheated waste spontaneously ignites, and the waste slag produced by the spontaneously combusted waste falls into the melting zone 22, and the fly ash produced floats in the combustion zone, while the traditional The melting equipment of the present invention is to put the waste directly into the melting furnace for heating, and the heating energy is greater than the energy of heating the waste slag and fly ash in the melting furnace 2 in the present invention, so as to solve the energy problem in the process of the melting equipment processing waste existing in the prior art The technical problem of waste is to use the energy generated by waste combustion to heat the waste; the waste slag contains toxic substances such as heavy metals, and the waste slag flows out from the melting slag outlet 4 after being heated in the melting zone 22, and is cooled into a glass body, and the toxic substances such as heavy metals are solidified in the melting zone 22. In the vitreous body, the leaching of toxic substances is extremely low, and the vitreous body can be treated as ordinary waste or used as a roadbed material, which greatly reduces the amount of landfill waste; the fly ash contains toxic particles of dioxin, which is burned in the combustion zone 21. Decomposition reduces the emission of dioxins.
作为可选地实施方式，熔融炉2包括熔融部23、燃烧部24和连接熔融部23和燃烧部24的锥形连接部25，熔融部23、锥形连接部25和燃烧部24从下到上依次设置，靠近熔融部23的底端设置有熔融排渣口4，燃烧部24的顶端设置有烟气口5，熔融部23的内部形成熔融区22，燃烧部24的内部形成燃烧区21；燃烧部24和熔融部23形状均为圆柱形，锥形连接部25的形状为圆台形，燃烧部24的直径大于熔融部23的直径，废渣成熔融状态需要的温度不小于1400℃，二噁英分解需要的温度不下于1100℃，因此，熔融区22需要的温度要大于燃烧区21的温度，燃烧部24的直径大于熔融部23的直径，熔融区22的空间小，能减小熔融区22的能量散失，锥形连接部25的形状为圆台形也在一定程度上防止积灰。As an optional embodiment, the melting furnace 2 includes a melting portion 23, a combustion portion 24 and a conical connection portion 25 connecting the melting portion 23 and the combustion portion 24, and the melting portion 23, the conical connection portion 25 and the combustion portion 24 are from bottom to bottom. The bottom of the melting part 23 is provided with a melting slag outlet 4, and the top of the burning part 24 is provided with a flue gas port 5. The inside of the melting part 23 forms a melting zone 22, and the inside of the burning part 24 forms a burning zone 21. The combustion portion 24 and the melting portion 23 are cylindrical in shape, the conical connecting portion 25 is in the shape of a truncated cone, the diameter of the burning portion 24 is greater than the diameter of the melting portion 23, and the temperature required for the waste slag to become molten is not less than 1400°C. The temperature required for the decomposition of oxins is not lower than 1100°C. Therefore, the temperature required for the melting zone 22 is higher than the temperature of the burning zone 21. The diameter of the burning part 24 is larger than the diameter of the melting part 23. The space of the melting zone 22 is small, which can reduce the melting temperature. The energy in the zone 22 is dissipated, and the shape of the conical connecting portion 25 is a truncated cone, which also prevents dust accumulation to a certain extent.
作为可选地实施方式，熔融部23设置有用以加热废渣的加热源6，燃烧部24设置有用以使飞灰发生燃烧的辅助加热源，加热源6单位时间内提供的能量大于辅助加热源单位时间内提供的热量，因为废渣熔融的温度大于二噁英分解的温度，为了保证废渣熔融、二噁英分解的情况下，同时能够避免能源浪费，加热源6单位时间内提供的能量大于辅助加热源单位时间内提供的热量；此外，燃烧区21的热源也有废物自身燃烧产生的热以及熔融区22高温辐射的热。As an optional embodiment, the melting part 23 is provided with a heating source 6 for heating waste slag, and the combustion part 24 is provided with an auxiliary heating source for burning fly ash. The energy provided by the heating source 6 per unit time is greater than the auxiliary heating source unit The heat provided by the heating source within 6 hours is greater than the auxiliary heating in order to ensure the melting of waste residue and the decomposition of dioxin while avoiding energy waste. The heat provided by the source per unit time; in addition, the heat source of the combustion zone 21 also includes the heat generated by the combustion of the waste itself and the heat radiated from the high temperature of the melting zone 22.
作为可选地实施方式，加热源6均匀分布在熔融部23的侧壁上，加热源6为燃烧器或等离子体发生器的一种或几种，燃烧器可以为天然气燃烧器或燃油燃烧器，加热源6可以为2-4个且均匀分布在熔融部23的侧壁上，使得熔融区22内受热均匀。As an optional embodiment, the heating source 6 is evenly distributed on the side wall of the melting portion 23, the heating source 6 is one or more of a burner or a plasma generator, and the burner can be a natural gas burner or an oil burner , the number of heating sources 6 can be 2-4 and evenly distributed on the side wall of the melting portion 23, so that the melting area 22 is evenly heated.
作为可选地实施方式，自燃炉1和燃烧区21内均通有气化剂。为了使得自然炉1内的预加热废物充分自燃，可以在自燃炉1内通入气化剂，气化剂可以是氧气，使得预加热废物在富氧的情况下自燃；飞灰燃烧也需要气化剂，燃烧区21也可以通入氧气，是的二噁英在富氧的条件下分解。As an optional embodiment, both the self-combustion furnace 1 and the combustion zone 21 are filled with a gasifying agent. In order to fully spontaneously ignite the preheated waste in the natural furnace 1, a gasification agent can be introduced in the self-combustion furnace 1, and the gasification agent can be oxygen, so that the preheated waste spontaneously ignites under the condition of rich oxygen; fly ash combustion also requires gasification. Chemical agent, combustion zone 21 also can pass into oxygen, yes dioxin is decomposed under the condition of rich oxygen.
作为可选地实施方式，自燃炉1与熔融炉2密封设置且自燃炉1与熔融炉2转动连接，自燃炉1在动力源7的驱动下能发生转动，动力源7可以是电机驱动装置，自燃炉1在动力源7的作用下缓慢地相对于熔融炉2转动，使得自燃炉1内的废物充分与气化剂接触，使得废物充分燃烧；自燃炉1与熔融炉2密封连接，减小热量损失。As an optional embodiment, the self-combustion furnace 1 is sealed with the melting furnace 2 and the self-combustion furnace 1 is rotationally connected with the melting furnace 2. The self-combustion furnace 1 can rotate under the drive of the power source 7, and the power source 7 can be a motor drive device. The self-combustion furnace 1 slowly rotates relative to the melting furnace 2 under the action of the power source 7, so that the waste in the self-combustion furnace 1 is fully in contact with the gasification agent, so that the waste is fully combusted; the self-combustion furnace 1 is sealed with the melting furnace 2, reducing heat loss.
作为可选地实施方式，自燃炉1的外壳为圆柱形，自燃炉1的轴线与熔融炉2的轴线的夹角范围为83℃～88℃，使得废渣在重力的作用下落入熔融区22，且夹角相对较大，使得废渣缓慢落入熔融区，延长废物的自燃时间。As an optional embodiment, the shell of the self-combustion furnace 1 is cylindrical, and the angle between the axis of the self-combustion furnace 1 and the axis of the melting furnace 2 is 83°C to 88°C, so that the waste slag falls into the melting zone 22 under the action of gravity, And the included angle is relatively large, so that the waste slag slowly falls into the melting zone, prolonging the spontaneous combustion time of the waste.
一种废物处理方法，包括以下步骤：A method for treating waste, comprising the steps of:
S1、预处理废物；S1. Pretreatment of waste;
S11、预处理废物分类；S11. Pretreatment waste classification;
S12、对废物进行破碎处理，废物的颗粒度不大于100mm；S12, crushing the waste, the particle size of the waste is not greater than 100mm;
S13、加热废物，使得废物的平均热值在2800大卡/千克～3200大卡/千克；S13. Heating the waste so that the average calorific value of the waste is 2800 kcal/kg to 3200 kcal/kg;
S2、将预处理后的废物通过废物进口3置于处于旋转状态下的自燃炉1内，预处理后的废物在与气化剂的接触下发生自燃反应，自燃后的温度范围为600℃～800℃；S2. Place the pretreated waste in the rotating spontaneous combustion furnace 1 through the waste inlet 3. The pretreated waste undergoes spontaneous combustion reaction in contact with the gasification agent, and the temperature range after spontaneous combustion is 600 ° C ~ 800°C;
S3、废渣在重力的作用下落入熔融区22内，在加热源6的作用下加热废渣且加热温度不小于1400℃；飞灰漂浮在燃烧区21并在气化剂和辅助加热源作用下发生燃烧，燃烧温度不小于1100℃；S3. The waste slag falls into the melting zone 22 under the action of gravity, and the waste slag is heated under the action of the heating source 6 and the heating temperature is not less than 1400°C; the fly ash floats in the combustion zone 21 and is generated under the action of the gasification agent and the auxiliary heating source. Combustion, the combustion temperature is not less than 1100 ℃;
S4、使熔融态的废渣从熔融排渣口4排出后做冷却成玻璃体，使燃烧后的飞灰从烟气口5排出，燃烧后的飞灰从烟气口5排出并进入余热回收系统及气体处理系统。S4. Let the molten waste slag be discharged from the molten slag discharge port 4 and then cooled to form a glass body, so that the burned fly ash is discharged from the flue gas port 5, and the burned fly ash is discharged from the flue gas port 5 and enters the waste heat recovery system and Gas handling system.
将重金属等有毒物质固化在玻璃体内，毒物浸出极低，可以将玻璃体作为普通废物处理或作为路基材料，大大减小了废物的填埋量；飞尘中含有有毒颗粒二噁英，二噁英在燃烧区21燃烧后被分解，减小了二噁英的排放。Toxic substances such as heavy metals are solidified in the glass body, and the leaching of toxic substances is extremely low. The glass body can be treated as ordinary waste or used as roadbed materials, which greatly reduces the amount of landfill waste; the fly ash contains toxic particles of dioxin, dioxin It is decomposed after combustion in the combustion zone 21, reducing the emission of dioxins.
本发明提供用以处理废物的熔融设备及废物处理方法，在保证废渣熔融和二噁英分解的情况下，节省能量，减小能量浪费。The invention provides melting equipment and a waste treatment method for treating waste, which can save energy and reduce energy waste under the condition of ensuring melting of waste slag and decomposition of dioxin.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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