CN107830527A - Waste treatment device and waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a waste treatment device and a waste treatment method, relates to the technical field of waste treatment, and solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by the emission of incineration products of the waste treatment device in the prior art. The device comprises a waste pretreatment device, a waste melting furnace, a fly ash collecting device and a gas purifying device, wherein waste can enter the waste melting furnace and be burnt in the waste melting furnace after passing through the waste pretreatment device, the waste melting furnace comprises a melting slag discharging port and a waste gas discharging port, waste slag generated by burning the waste in the waste melting furnace is heated to be molten state at the bottom of the waste melting furnace, dioxin generated after burning the waste in the waste melting furnace can be converted into non-toxic substances after burning in the waste melting furnace, the fly ash collecting device can collect part or all of fly ash discharged from the waste gas discharging port and convey the fly ash into the waste melting furnace, and the gas purifying device can purify gas discharged from the waste gas discharging port. The invention is used for reducing the environmental pollution caused by discharging the incineration products.

Description

Waste treatment device and waste treatment method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a waste treatment device and a waste treatment method.

Background technique

Traditional waste disposal is processed by incineration. Incineration technology is a high-temperature heat treatment technology, that is, a certain amount of excess air is oxidized and burned in an incinerator with the organic waste to be processed. Harmful and toxic substances in the waste It is a treatment technology that can simultaneously realize waste harmlessness, reduction, and resource utilization. However, the incineration process will produce incineration residues, including fly ash, residue, nitrogen oxides and acid gases produced by incineration of waste. The fly ash contains toxic dioxin particles, and the residue contains heavy metals and other substances. If the above incineration If the product is discharged directly into the air, it will cause air pollution.

The applicant finds that the prior art has at least the following technical problems:

The existing waste treatment device has the problem of environmental pollution when discharging incineration products.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment device and a waste treatment method to solve the technical problem of environmental pollution caused by waste treatment devices discharging incineration products in the prior art. The many technical effects that can be produced by the preferred technical solutions among the many technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A waste treatment device provided by the present invention includes a waste pretreatment device, a waste melting furnace, a fly ash collection device and a gas purification device, wherein,

The waste pretreatment device is connected with the waste melting furnace, and waste can enter the waste melting furnace after passing through the waste pretreatment device and be incinerated in the waste melting furnace, and the waste melting furnace is connected with the waste melting furnace The fly ash collection device and the gas purification device are connected;

The waste melting furnace includes a melting slag outlet and a waste gas outlet, and the waste slag generated by incineration of waste in the waste melting furnace can be discharged from the melting slag outlet after being heated to a molten state at the bottom of the waste melting furnace to form Harmless solid matter, the dioxin produced after the waste is incinerated in the waste melting furnace can be converted into non-toxic substances after being burned in the waste melting furnace, and the fly ash collecting device can be collected from the waste gas outlet Part or all of the fly ash is discharged and transported to the waste melting furnace so that the fly ash is heated into a molten state in the waste melting furnace, and the gas purification device can purify the gas discharged from the waste gas outlet And the purified gas is discharged into the atmosphere.

Preferably, the waste treatment device further includes a waste heat recovery device, and the waste heat recovery device is in communication with the exhaust gas outlet; the waste heat recovery device is a waste heat boiler.

Preferably, the waste melting furnace includes an incineration melting part, a combustion part and a conical connecting part connecting the incineration melting part and the burning part, the incineration melting part, the conical connecting part and the burning part Arranged sequentially from bottom to top, the melting and slag discharge port is provided near the bottom end of the incineration and melting part, and the waste gas discharge port is provided at the top of the combustion part;

The incineration and melting part also includes a waste incineration part and a waste slag melting part, the waste incineration part is arranged above the waste slag melting part and the waste incineration part is connected to the waste slag melting part, and waste is collected in the waste incineration part Combustion and waste slag are heated in the waste slag melting part.

Preferably, both the incineration melting part and the burning part are cylindrical, and the diameter ratio of the burning part to the burning melting part ranges from 1.5 to 3; A main heating source, the main heating source is one or more of a burner or a plasma generator; a secondary heating source is uniformly arranged on the side wall of the combustion part, and the secondary heating source is a burner or a plasma generator One or several body generators.

Preferably, both the waste incineration part and the combustion part are passed through a gasification agent for auxiliary combustion, waste is burned in an oxygen-deficient environment, and dioxins are burned in an oxygen-enriched environment.

Preferably, the waste melting furnace is made of heat-resistant steel; the inner wall of the waste melting furnace is sequentially provided with a heat-insulating layer, a heat-resistant layer and a high-temperature corrosion-resistant layer along the direction from the inside to the outside.

Preferably, the waste pretreatment device includes a waste storage bin and a crusher, the waste to be crushed is transported to the waste storage bin after being processed by the crusher, and the waste in the waste storage bin enters through a screw feeder In the waste melting furnace; the length of the crushed waste is less than 100mm.

Preferably, the gas purification device includes an acid removal tower and a denitration device, and the waste heat recovery device, the acid removal tower, the fly ash collection device and the denitration device are arranged in sequence;

The waste treatment device also includes an induced fan, which drives the gas in the denitrification device to be discharged from the chimney.

A waste treatment method utilizing the waste treatment device to treat waste, comprising the following steps:

S1. Pretreatment of waste;

S2. The waste is transported into the waste melting furnace through the screw feeder;

S3, waste is burned in the waste melting furnace;

S4. The generated molten waste slag is discharged from the melting slag discharge port, and the fly ash discharged from the waste gas discharge port is collected by the fly ash collection device and then transported to the incineration and melting part, and discharged from the waste gas discharge port The gas is discharged into the atmosphere after passing through the gas purification device.

Preferably, step S4 also includes the following steps:

S41. The waste slag discharged from the melting slag discharge port is water-cooled in the waste slag pool to form a glass body, and the fly ash discharged from the waste gas discharge port passes through the waste heat recovery device, the acid removal tower, and then enters the fly ash collection device Inside; the gas discharged from the exhaust gas outlet passes through the waste heat recovery device, the acid removal tower, the fly ash collection device and the denitrification device in sequence, and is discharged from the chimney driven by the induced draft fan.

The invention provides a waste treatment device and a waste treatment method to solve the technical problem of environmental pollution caused by the waste treatment device discharging incineration products in the prior art. The waste treatment device of the invention can heat the waste residue into a molten state and melt it The waste slag in the state is quenched into a glass body to prevent heavy metals from overflowing from the waste slag, decompose dioxins into non-toxic substances, collect fly ash and transport them to the waste melting furnace, purify the waste gas and discharge it into the atmosphere, and reduce incineration waste The waste heat recovery device can be used to recover heat and reduce energy waste; the structure of the waste melting furnace and the distribution of heat sources can save energy when the waste slag is melted and dioxins are decomposed; waste in the absence of oxygen Combustion under low conditions can reduce the formation of dioxins, reduce the production of dioxins from the combustion method, and reduce the heat required for decomposition of dioxins; dioxins can be fully decomposed under oxygen-enriched conditions, and from the combustion method In order to prevent dioxins from being discharged into the atmosphere; the acid removal tower and the denitration device are used to remove acid gases and nitrogen oxides in the gas respectively.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of waste disposal device;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste melting furnace.

In the figure 1-waste pretreatment device; 110-waste storage bin; 120-crusher; 2-waste melting furnace; 21-melting slag outlet; 22-exhaust gas outlet; ;232-waste slag melting part; 24-combustion part; 25-conical connection part; 26-heat insulation layer; 27-heat-resistant layer; 28-high temperature corrosion resistance layer; 3-fly ash collection device; 5-main heating source; 6-subsidiary heating source; 7-screw feeder; 8-acid removal tower; 9-denitration device; 10-induced fan; 11-waste residue pool; 12-chimney.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a waste treatment device, comprising a waste pretreatment device 1, a waste melting furnace 2, a fly ash collection device 3 and a gas purification device, wherein the waste pretreatment device 1 is connected with the waste melting furnace 2, and the waste passes through the waste After the pretreatment device 1, it can enter the waste melting furnace 2 and burn in the waste melting furnace 2, and the waste melting furnace 2 is connected with the fly ash collecting device 3 and the gas purification device;

The waste melting furnace 2 includes a melting slagging port 21 and a waste gas discharge port 22. The waste slag produced by incineration of waste in the waste melting furnace 2 can be discharged from the melting slagging port 21 after being heated into a molten state at the bottom of the waste melting furnace 2 to form a harmless gas. Solid matter, the dioxin produced after the waste is burned in the waste melting furnace 2 can be converted into non-toxic substances after being burned in the waste melting furnace 2, and the fly ash collection device 3 can collect part or all of the fly ash discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 22. ash and transport the fly ash to the waste melting furnace 2 so that the fly ash is heated into a molten state in the waste melting furnace 2, the gas purification device can purify the gas discharged from the waste gas outlet 22 and the purified gas is discharged into the atmosphere. Toxic substances such as heavy metals remain in the waste slag, and the waste slag discharged from the molten slag outlet 21 is cooled to form a solid substance. The solid substance can be a vitreous body, and the toxic substances such as heavy metals are solidified in the vitreous body, and the leaching of toxic substances is extremely low, reducing the impact of heavy metals on the environment. At the same time, the glass body can be treated as ordinary waste or used as a roadbed material, which greatly reduces the amount of landfill waste; dioxins can be converted into non-toxic substances after burning in the waste melting furnace 2, so as to avoid the discharge of dioxins In the air, it will cause harm to the living environment of human beings; the fly ash collection device 3 can collect part or all of the fly ash discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 22 and transport the fly ash to the waste melting furnace 2 to make the fly ash in the waste melting furnace 2 It is heated into a molten state and finally solidified in the glass body. Fly ash is a hazardous waste, and direct discharge into the atmosphere will cause environmental pollution. The device of the present invention reduces the discharge of fly ash and reduces the pollution of fly ash to the environment during waste incineration; the gas purification device The technology that can purify the gas discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 22 and discharge the purified gas into the atmosphere, reduce the environmental pollution caused by acid gas or nitrogen oxides, and solve the environmental pollution caused by the waste treatment device in the prior art when the incineration products are discharged Problem, the device of the present invention reduces the pollution caused to the environment when burning waste.

As an optional embodiment, the waste treatment device also includes a waste heat recovery device 4, which communicates with the exhaust gas outlet 22; the waste heat recovery device 4 is used to recover heat, and the waste heat recovery device 4 is a waste heat boiler, and the temperature of the flue gas is from 1100°C is reduced to about 550°C, and the waste heat boiler can generate steam and hot water for external heating.

As an optional embodiment, the waste melting furnace 2 includes an incineration and melting part 23, a combustion part 24 and a conical connection part 25 connecting the incineration and melting part 23 and the combustion part 24, and the incineration and melting part 23, the conical connection part 25 and the combustion part 24 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, a melting slag outlet 21 is provided near the bottom end of the incineration and melting part 23, and a waste gas discharge port 22 is provided at the top of the combustion part 24, and the waste is burned in the incineration and melting part 23, and part of the waste can also be tapped The dioxin is burned in the burning part 24; the burning and melting part 23 also includes a waste burning part 231 and a waste residue melting part 232, and the waste burning part 231 is arranged above the waste residue melting part 232 and the waste burning part 231 Connected with the waste slag melting part 232, the waste is burned in the waste incineration part 231, and the waste slag is heated in the waste slag melting part 232; the incineration melting part 23 and the burning part 24 are both cylindrical, and the range of the diameter ratio of the burning part 24 to the burning and melting part 23 is 1.5 ～3; The main heating source 5 is evenly arranged on the side near the bottom end of the incineration melting part 23, and the main heating source 5 is one or more of burners or plasma generators; the side wall of the burning part 24 is evenly arranged with The secondary heating source 6 is one or more of a burner or a plasma generator.

The temperature required for waste slag to become molten is not less than 1400°C, and the temperature required for dioxin decomposition is not less than 1100°C. Because the temperature required for waste slag to become molten is high, so when the diameter of the incineration melting part 23 is smaller than the diameter of the combustion part 24, it is incinerated The inner area of the melting part 23 is small, which can reduce the heat loss in the incineration melting part 23 and ensure the temperature required for waste slag melting; the temperature of waste incineration is 700°C-900°C, and the waste entering the waste melting furnace 2 is located at the incineration melting point. The top of part 23, that is, burns in the waste incineration part 231, and the waste slag concentrates on the bottom of the incineration melting part 23, that is, is heated in the waste slag melting part 232, and the temperature of waste slag melting is greater than the temperature of waste combustion. In order to make full use of heat, so The main heating source 5 should be located on the side near the bottom of the incineration melting part 23, and can be located on the side of the waste residue melting part 232; the heat of dioxin decomposition can come from the heat generated by waste combustion, and the secondary heating source 6 can also be two The burning of oxins provides heat.

As an optional embodiment, both the waste incineration part 231 and the combustion part 24 are provided with a gasification agent for auxiliary combustion, waste is burned in an oxygen-deficient environment, dioxins are burned in an oxygen-enriched environment, and the waste incineration part 231 The gasification agent introduced is insufficient, because when the waste is burned under the condition of insufficient oxygen, it can effectively control the production of dioxin when the waste is burned. At this time, the incineration temperature is controlled at 700°C-900°C. In this way, the formation of dioxins can be reduced, and the heat required for decomposing dioxins can be reduced; the combustion part 24 can be fed with a sufficient amount of gasification agent, because dioxins can be fully decomposed when burned in an oxygen-enriched environment, and can Avoid release of dioxins into the atmosphere.

As an optional embodiment, the waste melting furnace 2 is made of heat-resistant steel; the inner wall of the waste melting furnace 2 is sequentially provided with a heat-insulating layer 26, a heat-resistant layer 27 and a high-temperature corrosion-resistant layer 28 along the direction from the inside to the outside. .

As an optional embodiment, the waste pretreatment device 1 includes a waste storage bin 110 and a crusher 120, and the waste to be crushed is transported to the waste storage bin 110 after being processed by the shredder 120, and the waste storage bin 110 can be connected with a feeding valve, The waste in the waste storage bin 110 enters the screw feeder 7 through the material valve and enters the waste melting furnace 2 through the screw feeder 7; to pretreat the waste, firstly, the waste is classified, and the waste to be crushed is put into the crusher 120 for further processing. Crushing treatment, the purpose of the crushing treatment is to facilitate the incineration of garbage. The length of the broken waste is less than 100mm, and the broken waste is transported to the waste storage bin 110.

As an optional embodiment, the gas purification device includes an acid removal tower 8 and a denitrification device 9, and the waste heat recovery device 4, the acid removal tower 8, the fly ash collection device 3 and the denitrification device 9 are arranged in sequence; the acid removal tower 8 is for removing waste gas The acid gas in the waste gas and reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas to below 250°C. The denitrification device 9 is to remove nitrogen oxides; the waste treatment device also includes an induced draft fan 10, which drives the gas in the denitrification device 9 to be discharged from the chimney 12.

A waste treatment method for treating waste with a waste treatment device, comprising the following steps:

S1. Pretreatment of waste;

S2, the waste is transported to the waste melting furnace 2 through the screw feeder 7;

S3, the waste is burned in the waste melting furnace 2;

S4. The generated molten waste slag is discharged from the melting slag discharge port 21, and the fly ash discharged from the waste gas discharge port 22 is collected by the fly ash collection device 3 and then transported to the incineration melting part 23, and the gas discharged from the waste gas discharge port 22 is subjected to gas purification After the device is discharged into the atmosphere;

Step S4 also includes the following steps:

S41, the waste slag discharged from the molten slag discharge port 21 is water-cooled in the waste slag pool 11 to form a glass body, and the fly ash discharged from the waste gas discharge port 22 enters the fly ash collection device 3 after passing through the waste heat recovery device 4 and the acid removal tower 8 in turn; from the waste gas The gas discharged from the outlet 22 passes through the waste heat recovery device 4 , the acid removal tower 8 , the fly ash collection device 3 and the denitrification device 9 in sequence, and is discharged from the chimney 12 driven by the induced draft fan 10 .

In step S1, the waste is pretreated. First, the waste is classified, and the waste that needs to be crushed is put into the crusher 120 for crushing treatment, and then the crushed waste is transported to the waste storage bin 110, and the waste that does not need to be crushed is put into the Waste storage bin 110; in step S41, the waste slag in the molten state enters the waste slag pool 11 and is rapidly cooled to normal temperature to become a glass body; in step S3, the waste is burned in the melting furnace 2, including the combustion process of waste, the heating of waste slag to The process of melting and the process of burning and decomposing dioxins.

The waste treatment device and the waste treatment method provided by the invention can reduce environmental pollution caused by discharging incineration products.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of waste treatment equipment, it is characterised in that received including waste pretreatment unit (1), waste melting furnace (2), flying dust Acquisition means (3) and gas cleaning plant, wherein,

The waste pretreatment unit (1) is connected with the waste melting furnace (2), and waste passes through the waste pretreatment unit (1) the waste melting furnace (2) can be entered after and burned in the waste melting furnace (2), the waste melting furnace (2) with The ash collecting device (3) and the gas cleaning plant are connected；

The waste melting furnace (2) includes melting slag-drip opening (21) and outlet port (22), and waste is in the waste melting furnace (2) waste residue caused by being burned in can be from the melting slag-drip opening after molten state is heated into the bottom of the waste melting furnace (2) (21) discharge forms harmless solid matter, and caused bioxin is described useless after waste burns in the waste melting furnace (2) Non-toxic substance can be changed into after being burnt in thing melting furnace (2), the ash collecting device (3) can be collected from the outlet port (22) the part or all of flying dust of discharge and by fly ash carry to making flying dust be melted in the waste in the waste melting furnace (2) It is heated into molten state in stove (2), the gas cleaning plant can be purified from the gas of the outlet port (22) discharge and net Gas after change is discharged into air.

2. waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the waste treatment equipment also returns including waste heat Receiving apparatus (4), the waste-heat recovery device (4) are connected with the outlet port (22)；The waste-heat recovery device (4) is Waste heat boiler.

3. waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the waste melting furnace (2), which includes burning, melts Melt portion (23), combustion section (24) and the cone connection (25) of the connection burning fusing department (23) and the combustion section (24), Burning fusing department (23), the cone connection (25) and the combustion section (24) are set gradually from top to bottom, close to institute State and burn the bottom of fusing department (23) and be provided with the melting slag-drip opening (21), the top of the combustion section (24) is provided with described Outlet port (22)；

The burning fusing department (23) also includes incineration of waste portion (231) and waste residue fusing department (232), the incineration of waste portion (231) top of the waste residue fusing department (232) and the incineration of waste portion (231) and the waste residue fusing department are arranged on (232) connect, waste burn in the incineration of waste portion (231), waste residue is heated in the waste residue fusing department (232).

4. waste treatment equipment according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the burning fusing department (23) and the burning Portion (24) is cylinder, the combustion section (24) with it is described burning fusing department (23) diameter than scope be 1.5~3；It is close Be evenly arranged with main heating source (5) on the side for burning fusing department (23) bottom, the main heating source (5) be burner or The one or more of plasma generator；Secondary heating source (6) is uniformly provided with the side wall of the combustion section (24), it is described Secondary heating source (6) is the one or more of burner or plasma generator.

5. waste treatment equipment according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the incineration of waste portion (231) and the combustion The gasifying agent of auxiliary combustion is connected with burning portion (24), waste burns in the environment of anoxic, bioxin is under oxygen-enriched environment Burning.

6. waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the waste melting furnace (2) uses heat resisting steel Material is made；On the madial wall of the waste melting furnace (2) heat insulation layer (26), heat-resisting is disposed with along direction from inside to outside Layer (27) and high-temperature corrosion resistance layer (28).

7. waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the waste pretreatment unit (1) includes useless Thing bunker (110) and disintegrating machine (120), waste to be broken are delivered to the waste after the disintegrating machine (120) processing Bunker (110), the waste in the waste bunker (110) enter in the waste melting furnace (2) by screw(-type) feeder (7)； Waste length after broken is less than 100mm.

8. waste treatment equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gas cleaning plant includes removing acid tower (8) and denitrification apparatus (9), the waste-heat recovery device (4), described except acid tower (8), the ash collecting device (3) and described Denitrification apparatus (9) is set gradually；

The waste treatment equipment also includes air-introduced machine (10), and the air-introduced machine (10) drives the gas in the denitrification apparatus (9) Body is discharged from chimney (12).

9. a kind of waste treatment equipment using any one of claim 1-8 handles the waste treatment method of waste, its It is characterised by, comprises the following steps：

S1, pretreatment waste；

S2, waste are delivered in the waste melting furnace (2) by the screw(-type) feeder (7)；

S3, waste burn in the waste melting furnace (2)；

S4, caused molten state waste residue are from melting slag-drip opening (21) discharge, from flying for the outlet port (22) discharge Ash is delivered to the burning fusing department (23) after being collected by the ash collecting device (3), arranged from the outlet port (22) The gas gone out is discharged into air after the gas cleaning plant.

10. waste treatment method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that step S4 is further comprising the steps of：

S41, from it is described melting slag-drip opening (21) discharge waste residue form vitreum after waste residue pond (11) water cooling, from the waste gas Outlet (22) discharge flying dust successively by the waste-heat recovery device (4), it is described remove acid tower (8) after enter the flying dust receipts In acquisition means (3)；From the gas of the outlet port (22) discharge successively by the waste-heat recovery device (4), described remove Acid tower (8), the ash collecting device (3) and the denitrification apparatus (9) and under the driving of the air-introduced machine (10) from cigarette Discharged in chimney (12).