CN113390090A - Plasma gasification melting treatment device, system and method for medical waste - Google Patents
Plasma gasification melting treatment device, system and method for medical waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113390090A CN113390090A CN202110748141.1A CN202110748141A CN113390090A CN 113390090 A CN113390090 A CN 113390090A CN 202110748141 A CN202110748141 A CN 202110748141A CN 113390090 A CN113390090 A CN 113390090A
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/201—Plasma
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/20—Medical materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system and a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment method. According to the invention, the plasma torch is arranged above the molten pool, the electrode is arranged in the molten pool, the fluidity of the molten pool is ensured by heating the molten pool through the electrode, and the gas phase is heated and combusted through the plasma torch, so that the size of the melting furnace is reduced by combining the heating mode, and meanwhile, the plasma torch does not need to provide heat required by bottom slag melting, so that the low-power plasma torch can be selected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medical waste treatment device, a system and a method, in particular to a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, a system and a method, belonging to the technical field of medical waste treatment.
Background
Non-incineration technologies such as high-temperature cooking, microwave sterilization, chemical sterilization, etc. cannot treat chemical and pharmaceutical wastes, and the residues after the sterilization treatment need to be further incinerated. Five types of medical wastes can be treated by the incineration treatment technologies such as pyrolysis gasification incineration, rotary kiln incineration and the like, the reduction degree is high, but the secondary pollution problems such as dioxin, heavy metals and the like are serious in the incineration process. Plasma treatment of medical waste is still in research stage, and some units disclose related patent technologies.
For example, the Chinese space air power technology research institute CN100526716C 2009 discloses a plasma medical waste incineration method in 8 month and 12 days in 2009, the oxygen content in the incinerator is less than 0.09%, and the total oxygen amount required by medical waste incineration is basically met. In the actual production process, due to the fact that medical wastes are various in types and are fed in bales, the charging amount of the medical wastes is fluctuated, the oxygen content of the incinerator cannot be well controlled in advance, and the incinerator is inevitably in an oxidizing atmosphere sometimes. No mention is made of carrier gas of a plasma torch, if air or nitrogen is adopted, a large amount of NOx can be generated in the incinerator, and the NOx in the whole system can be discharged out of limits. The flue gas cooling process adopts a flue gas heat exchanger, the main component of fly ash carried in the flue gas is salinity, and when the temperature of the outer wall surface of the heat exchanger exceeds 500 ℃, molten salt condensation corrosion is easy to occur. In addition, the patent does not mention the arrangement of the air supply ports and the arrangement position of the plasma torches in the incinerator, and whether the energy is reasonably distributed in the incinerator is unknown. The exhaust gas parameters do not meet the emission requirements of the current emission standard GB 3939792020 pollution control Standard for the treatment and disposal of medical waste.
The Shanghai environmental protection science and technology Limited CN111457385A 2020, 07/28 of 2020 discloses a plasma continuous pyrolysis gasification cracking treatment device for medical waste, aiming at realizing continuous treatment and continuous solid slag discharge, and the coverage range is a gasification cracking furnace, a feed inlet, an ash outlet, a plasma torch hole and an air supplement port. The plasma torch is arranged near the slag outlet and aims to promote gasification and cracking, but the high-temperature jet flow of the plasma torch easily causes partial bottom slag melting and solid slag blockage.
In the prior art, the influence of energy supplied to the furnace by the plasma torch on the temperature of each area of the whole hearth of the gasification melting furnace is not comprehensively considered. The plasma torch is arranged above the bottom slag/molten slag zone, the heat is mainly transferred by radiation and convection, most of heat enters a gas phase space, the heat transfer effect to the molten pool is poor (the heat transfer amount to the molten pool is less than 20% of the total heat supply amount of the plasma torch), and the plasma torch with higher power is needed to maintain the bottom slag in the molten pool in a molten state. However, a large amount of heat enters the gas phase space of the gasification melting furnace, so that the gas phase temperature is too high, the material pyrolysis speed is too high, tar which is difficult to burn is formed, and meanwhile, a material layer is difficult to stably establish due to the fact that the medical waste is pyrolyzed and gasified in the falling process. Further, heat is transferred to the surface of the molten pool by convection or radiation, and then transferred downward by heat conduction of the slag, so that the temperature of the upper portion slag becomes too high to maintain the bottom portion slag at a melting temperature, which causes waste of heat and a reduction in the life due to a high temperature of the upper portion molten pool refractory. In addition, the gas phase temperature of the gasification melting furnace is too high, and the service life of the gas phase space refractory is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, system and method, which can improve the heat transfer effect of a molten pool and reduce the power of a plasma torch.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a medical waste plasma gasification melting processing apparatus which characterized in that: comprises a gasification melting furnace body, a first plasma torch and an electrode, wherein the first plasma torch and the electrode are arranged at the lower side of the interior of the gasification melting furnace body, the first plasma torch is positioned above a molten pool, and the electrode is positioned in the molten pool.
Further, the upper end of gasification melting furnace body is provided with feed inlet, pair roller charging means and feed bin, and the feed inlet is for following the body that vertical direction set up and the feed inlet is fixed in the upper end of gasification melting furnace body, and pair roller charging means sets up in the feed inlet, and the feed bin is conical hopper and the lower extreme of feed bin and the upper end fixed connection of feed inlet.
Furthermore, the number of the first plasma torches is at least two, the at least two first plasma torches are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the gasification melting furnace body, the lower end of the gasification melting furnace body is provided with at least two lower layer tuyeres, the lower layer tuyeres and the first plasma torches are arranged at the same layer, and the at least two lower layer tuyeres and the at least two first plasma torches are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the gasification melting furnace body.
Furthermore, an upper layer tuyere is arranged on the lower side of the gasification melting furnace body, two layers of upper layer tuyeres are arranged on the upper layer tuyere, each layer of upper layer tuyere comprises at least three upper layer tuyeres, the upper layer tuyere is positioned above the first plasma torch, the upper layer tuyere positioned on the upper layer is arranged below the drying area in the furnace, and the upper layer tuyere positioned on the lower layer is arranged in the gasification combustion area in the furnace.
Furthermore, the upper end of the gasification melting furnace is provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is connected with an air inlet at the upper end of the second combustion chamber through a connecting pipeline, and a second plasma torch is arranged in the connecting pipeline.
And furthermore, combustion-supporting air ports are arranged on the upper side of the secondary combustion chamber, and at least two combustion-supporting air ports are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the secondary combustion chamber.
Furthermore, a polymer denitrifier injection port is arranged on the lower side of the combustion-supporting tuyere.
A medical waste plasma gasification melting processing system, characterized in that: comprises a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, a feeding system, a waste heat boiler, a thermodynamic system, a quench tower, a smoke purification device, a draught fan, a chimney, a flying ash washing and melting treatment device and a wastewater treatment system, wherein the feeding system is connected with a feeding hole of the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, a discharging hole of the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device is connected with a feeding hole of the waste heat boiler, a discharging hole of the waste heat boiler is connected with an inlet of the quench tower, an outlet of the quench tower is connected with one end of the smoke purification device, the other end of the smoke purification device is connected with one end of the draught fan, the other end of the draught fan is connected with the chimney, a steam pipeline of the waste heat boiler is connected with the thermodynamic system, the flying ash generated by the quench tower and the smoke purification device is connected with the flying ash washing and melting treatment device, and sludge generated by the flying ash washing and melting treatment device is sent into the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, the fly ash of the flue gas purification device and the fly ash washing system is connected to a waste water treatment system.
Further, the flue gas purification device comprises a primary bag-type dust remover, a secondary bag-type dust remover, a temperature reduction tower, a packed tower, a wet electrostatic demister and a flue gas heater, wherein an inlet of the primary bag-type dust remover is connected with an outlet of the quench tower, an outlet of the primary bag-type dust remover is connected with an inlet of the secondary bag-type dust remover, an outlet of the secondary bag-type dust remover is connected with an inlet of the temperature reduction tower, an outlet of the temperature reduction tower is connected with an inlet of the packed tower, an outlet of the packed tower is connected with an inlet of the wet electrostatic demister, and an outlet of the wet electrostatic demister is connected with an inlet of the flue gas heater.
A plasma gasification melting treatment method for medical waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: each first plasma torch is provided with a plasma torch power supply, and all the electrodes are provided with an electrode power supply;
step two: when the medical waste plasma gasification melting processing system of claim 8 or 9 is within a normal medical waste disposal load range, the first plasma torches are respectively powered by their respective plasma torch power supplies and are in a non-transferred arc operating regime, the electrodes are powered by an electrode power supply and the electrodes operate as resistive heating rods;
step three: when the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system is in an overload working condition, the first plasma torches are only communicated with the negative poles of the plasma torch power supplies corresponding to the first plasma torches, the first plasma torches are in a transferred arc working system, the electrodes are connected with the positive poles of the plasma torch power supplies and the positive poles of the electrode power supplies, and the first plasma torches, the slag and the electrodes are electrified and conducted;
step four: a synthesizer generated by the gasification melting furnace thoroughly decomposes tar and dioxin in a connecting pipeline through a second plasma torch, and the residual synthesis gas is fully combusted in a secondary combustion chamber and denitrated at high temperature;
step five: the synthesis gas is sent into a thermodynamic system for thermal power generation through a waste heat boiler, and then enters a quench tower for extremely rapid cooling;
step six: and the cooled synthesis gas is dedusted by a two-stage bag dust remover, treated by a temperature reduction tower, a packed tower, a wet electrostatic demister and a flue gas heater and discharged after reaching the standard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: according to the invention, the plasma torches are arranged above the molten pool, the electrodes are arranged in the molten pool, the fluidity of the molten pool is ensured by heating the molten pool through the electrodes, and the materials are heated and combusted through the plasma torches, so that the size of the melting furnace is reduced by combining the heating mode, and meanwhile, the plasma torches do not need to provide heat required by melting of bottom slag, so that the low-power plasma torches can be selected, and the energy utilization rate of the system is high; the power control of the plasma torch only needs to be controlled according to the temperature of the material layer, the power of the electrode only needs to be controlled according to the temperature of the molten pool, the adjustment is more flexible, the flexible distribution of energy of the molten pool section and the material layer area can be realized, and the plasma torch can adapt to the working condition and the material property fluctuation; the plasma torch is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, so that tar and dioxin in the synthesizer are thoroughly cracked and burned, and pollutants in the discharged gas are reduced; the two-stage bag dust collector and the two-stage water-washing heavy metal removal technology are adopted, active carbon does not need to be sprayed, the system operation cost is reduced, and the problem that heavy metal in flue gas exceeds the standard due to fluctuation of the concentration of heavy metal in the inlet flue gas is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plasma gasification fusion treatment apparatus for medical waste according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a medical waste plasma gasification fusion processing system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the control connection relationship under normal load of the plasma gasification melting treatment method for medical waste according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the control connection relationship under overload of the plasma gasification melting treatment method for medical waste according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
To elaborate on technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve predetermined technical objects, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and technical means or technical features in the embodiments of the present invention may be replaced without creative efforts, and the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device comprises a gasification melting furnace body 1, a first plasma torch 2 and an electrode 3, wherein the first plasma torch 2 and the electrode 3 are arranged at the lower side of the inside of the gasification melting furnace body 1, the first plasma torch 2 is positioned above a molten pool 4, and the electrode 3 is positioned in the molten pool 4. The gasification melting furnace body 1 is of a vertical tubular structure, the inner cavity of the furnace is sequentially provided with a gas phase space, a material layer area and a molten pool area from top to bottom, and the material layer area is divided into a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer and a gasification combustion layer from top to bottom. The gasification melting furnace body is provided with a switching device for switching the working states of the first plasma torch and the electrode, the switching device can switch the first plasma torch into a transfer arc torch and a non-transfer arc torch, and when the plasma torch is switched into the transfer arc torch, the electrode is used as a front electrode of the plasma torch to lead the electric arc of the plasma torch to the lower part of the molten pool 4; when the plasma torch is switched to the non-transferred arc torch, the electrode merely acts as a resistive heating rod to heat the molten bath.
The upper end of gasification melting furnace body 1 is provided with feed inlet 5, pair roller charging means 6 and feed bin 7, and feed inlet 5 is the body that sets up along vertical direction and feed inlet 5 fixes in the upper end of gasification melting furnace body 1, and pair roller charging means 6 sets up in feed inlet 5, and feed bin 7 is conical hopper and the lower extreme of feed bin 7 and the upper end fixed connection of feed inlet 5. The feeding port 5 adopts a top feeding mode, medical wastes are piled up to a certain height in the storage bin 7, the feeding port 5 forms sealing through the gravity of the medical wastes and the clamping force of the roller feeder 6, air is prevented from leaking into the gasification melting furnace body 1 from the storage bin 7, and meanwhile, synthetic gas in the furnace can also be prevented from leaking. The double-roller feeder 6 controls the feeding speed of the medical waste through frequency conversion adjustment.
The number of the first plasma torches 2 is at least two, and the at least two first plasma torches 2 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the gasification melting furnace body 1. The high-speed jet flow of the first plasma torch 2 plays roles of supporting and floating and strengthening incineration on a material layer, and the residual carbon can be quickly burnt out in a jet flow area of the plasma torch under the strengthening effect of the plasma jet flow, so that the medical waste gasification incineration residual carbon can be prevented from directly entering molten pool molten slag, and the low thermal ignition loss rate of the molten slag is ensured. The lower end of the gasification melting furnace body 1 is provided with at least two lower layer tuyeres 8, the lower layer tuyeres 8 and the first plasma torches 2 are arranged at the same layer, and the at least two lower layer tuyeres 8 and the at least two first plasma torches 2 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the gasification melting furnace body 1. The air supply excess air coefficient of the lower layer tuyere 8 is between 0.1 and 0.2, the air quantity required by carbon residue incineration is met, and the air can be intensively combusted through high-temperature jet heating of the first plasma torch.
At least two electrodes 3 are arranged, and the temperature of the slag is maintained at 1300 ℃ by inputting energy through the electrodes, so that continuous slag discharge is realized. The electrode is fixed on a shell which is positioned on the side surface of the molten pool 4 on the gasification melting furnace body 1 and is insulated with the furnace body shell through an insulating part, an air cooling or water cooling device is also arranged on the electrode 3, and the insertion depth of the electrode 3 reaches 1/4-1/3 inner diameter of the molten pool in the furnace. Because the molten pool is heated by the electrode 3, the first plasma torch 2 is not required to provide heat required by molten slag in the molten pool, so that the first plasma torch 2 can be a low-power plasma torch, and the first plasma torch only needs to inject high-temperature ionic gas to strengthen gasification incineration.
An upper layer tuyere 9 is arranged on the lower side of the gasification melting furnace body 1, the upper layer tuyere 9 is provided with two layers, each layer of upper layer tuyere 9 comprises at least three upper layer tuyeres, the upper layer tuyere 9 is positioned above the first plasma torch 2, the upper layer tuyere positioned on the upper layer is arranged below a drying area in the furnace, and the upper layer tuyere positioned on the lower layer is arranged in a gasification combustion area in the furnace. The upper and lower air port quantities of the upper air port are respectively adjusted to maintain the temperatures of the gasification combustion layer and the drying layer, so that the medical waste is fully and controllably dried, pyrolyzed and gasified and combusted.
The upper end of the gasification melting furnace is provided with an air outlet which is connected with an air inlet at the upper end of a secondary combustion chamber 11 through a connecting pipeline 10, and a second plasma torch 12 is arranged in the connecting pipeline 10. Under the action of the jet flow of the first plasma torch 12, the tar and the dioxin contained in the synthesis gas are thoroughly decomposed. And combustion-supporting air ports 13 are arranged on the upper side of the secondary combustion chamber 11, at least two combustion-supporting air ports 13 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the secondary combustion chamber 11, the air supply excess air coefficient is between 0.8 and 1.2, and the synthesis gas is fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber. The lower side of the combustion-supporting tuyere 13 is provided with a polymer denitrifying agent jet orifice 14, the temperature of a polymer action area is 900-1000 ℃, higher denitrifying efficiency can be ensured, and the concentration of NOx in the flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is further reduced.
As shown in figure 2, a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system comprises a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, and further comprises a feeding system, a waste heat boiler, a thermal system, a quench tower, a flue gas purification device, a draught fan, a chimney, a fly ash water washing reaction device and a wastewater treatment system, wherein the feeding system is connected with a feeding hole of the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, a discharging hole of the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device is connected with a feeding hole of the waste heat boiler, a discharging hole of the waste heat boiler is connected with an inlet of the quench tower, an outlet of the quench tower is connected with one end of the flue gas purification device, the other end of the flue gas purification device is connected with one end of the draught fan, the other end of the draught fan is connected with the chimney, a steam pipeline of the waste heat boiler is connected with the thermal system, and fly ash generated by the quench tower and the flue gas purification device is connected with the fly ash water washing reaction device, the sludge generated by the fly ash washing reverse furnace device is sent into the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, and the fly ash of the flue gas purification device and the fly ash washing system is connected into the waste water treatment system. The fly ash is eluted by water in the device for dechlorination and then melted in the furnace, thereby reducing the factory disposal amount of the fly ash and reducing the operation cost. The waste heat boiler adopts a membrane wall boiler. The temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 550 ℃ through a waste heat boiler, and then the flue gas is quenched and reduced to 200 ℃ through a quenching tower, so that the re-synthesis of dioxin is avoided. And after the salt of the fly ash is removed by the water washing device, the water-containing sludge is conveyed to a sludge inlet of the gasification melting furnace through a sludge pump, and the sludge inlet of the gasification melting furnace is arranged near a lower layer tuyere. The washing wastewater and the wet wastewater of the flue gas purification system enter the water treatment system together to be treated and discharged after reaching the standard. The zero delivery of the fly ash is realized, and only a small amount of sludge precipitated by the water treatment system needs to be disposed outside the factory.
The flue gas purification device comprises a first-stage bag-type dust remover, a second-stage bag-type dust remover, a temperature reduction tower, a packed tower, a wet electrostatic demister and a flue gas heater, wherein an inlet of the first-stage bag-type dust remover is connected with an outlet of the quench tower, an outlet of the first-stage bag-type dust remover is connected with an inlet of the second-stage bag-type dust remover, an outlet of the second-stage bag-type dust remover is connected with an inlet of the temperature reduction tower, flue gas passes through the two-stage bag-type dust remover, particulate matters and granular heavy metals are intercepted at an interception efficiency of not less than 99.99%, and the hourly concentration of the particulate matters in the flue gas is discharged to be less than 10mg/Nm 3. The outlet of the temperature reduction tower is connected with the inlet of the packed tower, the temperature reduction tower is provided with a temperature reduction water spray gun, a circulating liquid pipeline and a spray gun, and the flue gas after dust removal is reduced to 70-80 ℃ through the temperature reduction tower. Outlet of packed tower and wet electrostaticThe access connection of defroster, temperature reduction tower body, filled tower body all are provided with alkali lye and add the medicine mouth, and two-stage alkali wash deacidification efficiency is very high, can realize flue gas HCl, SO2Ultralow emission, the desuperheating tower and the packed tower are both provided with circulating reverse spray pipes, and the flue gas containing low-volatilization-temperature gas-phase heavy metals HgCl2 and As2O3 is sufficiently washed by water, so that HgCl2 and As2O3 are dissolved and removed after being intercepted in a two-stage alkaline washing system. The export and the gas heater access connection of wet-type electrostatic demister, the flue gas removes the defogging through wet-type static, can effectively get rid of and carry in the flue gas and contain salinity, heavy metal liquid drop, has solved and has discharged fume and lead to exceeding standard because of smuggleing secretly, also can prevent rear end flue, equipment corrosion problem simultaneously. Two-stage bag-type dust collectors are adopted, active carbon is not sprayed in front of the first-stage bag-type dust collector, and most of chlorine salt, heavy metals and the like can be intercepted. Activated carbon is not sprayed in front of the second-stage bag-type dust collector, and chlorine salt, heavy metals and the like are intercepted again. In the operation process, when leakage occurs in a single filter bag of any one-stage bag-type dust collector, the discharged smoke particles can reach the standard. A small amount of activated carbon can be sprayed in front of the second-stage bag-type dust collector and used for adsorbing gas-phase heavy metals such as mercury and the like, heavy metals in discharged flue gas are guaranteed to reach the standard, and meanwhile, the amount of fly ash leaving the factory is reduced. Activated carbon is not sprayed in front of the second-stage bag-type dust collector, and part of gas-phase heavy metals such As Hg2+, As2O3 and the like which are difficult to be intercepted by the bag-type dust collector are removed by washing in a wet system. Set up wet-type electrostatic precipitator behind the packed tower, get rid of the flue gas and smuggle salt, heavy metal moisture that contains secretly, avoid flue gas heavy metal to exceed standard. Also can be through the thick defogging of packed tower top defroster, do not set up wet-type electrostatic demister, nevertheless rear end flue gas heater, flue need notice anticorrosive design. The demisted flue gas is heated to be not lower than 130 ℃ by a flue gas heater and then discharged, and the flue gas heater can adopt steam as a heat source, a steam source and steam generated by a waste heat boiler. An activated carbon bed can be arranged behind the flue gas heater, so that the concentration of heavy metal in the flue gas is further reduced, and ultra-clean emission is realized.
A plasma gasification melting treatment method for medical waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: each first plasma torch is provided with a plasma torch power supply, and all the electrodes are provided with an electrode power supply;
step two: when the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system is in a normal medical waste treatment load range, the first plasma torches are powered by the corresponding plasma torch power supplies respectively to work, the first plasma torches are in a non-transferred arc working system, the electrodes are powered by the electrode power supplies, and the electrodes work as resistance heating rods;
as shown in fig. 3, the cathode of the first plasma torch TJ1 is connected to the negative electrode of a power supply Q1, the anode of the first plasma torch TJ1 is connected to one end of a switch SA1, the other end of the switch SA1 is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply Q1 and one end of a switch SA2, the other end of the switch SA2 is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply Q3, one end of a switch SA3, the other end of the switch SA3 is connected to an electrode DJ1, the cathode of the first plasma torch TJ2 is connected to the negative electrode of a power supply Q2, the anode of the first plasma torch TJ2 is connected to one end of a switch SB1, the other end of a switch SB1 is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply Q2 and one end of a switch SB2, the other end of a switch SB2 is connected to one end of a switch SB3, the other end of a switch SB3 is connected to one end of an electrode DJ2 and one end of a switch SC, and the other end of a switch SC is connected to the negative electrode Q3.
In the normal medical waste disposal load range, turning on switches SA2, SB2, and merging switches SA1, SA3, SB1, SB3, SC in fig. 3, the plasma torch switches to the non-transferred arc operating regime, where the plasma torch is a non-transferred arc torch and the electrodes DJ1 and DJ2 conduct electricity as resistive heating rods. The temperature of a molten pool in the gasification melting furnace is controlled by the heating power of an electrode, the temperature of a gasification incineration layer, the temperature of a pyrolysis layer, the temperature of a drying layer and the temperature of a gas phase space of the gasification melting furnace are controlled by the air supply quantity mainly through an upper layer square opening and a lower layer air opening, and the temperature of each material layer and the outlet temperature of the gasification melting furnace can be adjusted by the power of a non-transferred arc plasma torch in an auxiliary mode.
Step three: when the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system is in an overload working condition, the first plasma torches are only communicated with the negative poles of the plasma torch power supplies corresponding to the first plasma torches, the first plasma torches are in a transferred arc working system, the electrodes are connected with the positive poles of the plasma torch power supplies and the positive poles of the electrode power supplies, and the first plasma torches, the slag and the electrodes are electrified and conducted; when the medical waste contains more inorganic substances (such as glass, metal and the like) and is put into the gasification melting furnace, the plasma generator is switched to a transfer arc working system, the current among the plasma torch, the slag and the electrode is conducted, the energy of the plasma generator is more distributed to the surface of the molten pool and the slag area, and the inorganic substance melting capacity is improved.
Due to the fact that medical waste yield is increased due to outbreaks of epidemic situations and the like, when the load working condition exceeds 100% load, switches SA1, SB1 and SC are turned on as shown in fig. 4, switches SA2, SA3, SB2 and SB3 are combined and switched to a transfer arc working system, a plasma torch is switched to a transfer arc torch, the plasma torch, slag and an electrode are electrified and conducted, more heat is input to the surface of a molten pool and a slag area, the burning speed of residual carbon and the melting capacity of the slag are improved, meanwhile, excessive heat of input gas phase cannot be caused, and the outlet temperature of a gas phase space is kept at a design value.
Step four: a synthesizer generated by the gasification melting furnace thoroughly decomposes tar and dioxin in a connecting pipeline through a second plasma torch, and the residual synthesis gas is fully combusted in a secondary combustion chamber and denitrated at high temperature;
step five: the synthesis gas is sent into a thermodynamic system for thermal power generation through a waste heat boiler, and then enters a quench tower for extremely rapid cooling;
step six: and (3) after the cooled synthesis gas is dedusted by a secondary bag-type dust remover, and is discharged after being treated by a temperature reduction tower, a packed tower, a wet electrostatic demister and a flue gas heater to reach the standard. By adopting the two-stage bag-type dust remover and the two-stage water-washing heavy metal removal technology, the system does not need to spray activated carbon again or only spray a small amount of activated carbon in front of the two-stage bag-type dust remover, the operation cost of the system is reduced, and the problem that the discharged heavy metals of the flue gas exceed the standard due to fluctuation of the concentration of the heavy metals in the flue gas at the inlet can be avoided. Active carbon adsorbent is not sprayed in front of the primary bag-type dust collector, fly ash intercepted by the primary bag-type dust collector can be treated by melting in a reaction furnace after soluble chloride is removed by washing, and little or no fly ash is required to be treated outside the factory. By adopting a two-stage alkali washing process, the concentrations of HCl and SO2 in the discharged flue gas can be as low as 10mg/Nm3 or less. And the wet electrostatic demister can avoid the standard exceeding of heavy metals and the like in the exhaust gas caused by the moisture carried by the flue gas.
According to the invention, the plasma torches are arranged above the molten pool, the electrodes are arranged in the molten pool, the fluidity of the molten pool is ensured by heating the molten pool through the electrodes, and the gas phase is heated and combusted through the plasma torches, so that the size of the melting furnace is reduced by combining the heating mode, and meanwhile, the plasma torches do not need to provide heat required by melting of bottom slag, so that the low-power plasma torches can be selected, and the energy utilization rate of the system is high; the power control of the plasma torch only needs to be controlled according to the temperature of the material layer, the power of the electrode only needs to be controlled according to the temperature of the molten pool, the adjustment is more flexible, the flexible distribution of energy of the molten pool section and the material layer area can be realized, and the plasma torch can adapt to the working condition and the material property fluctuation; the plasma torch is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, so that tar and dioxin in the synthesizer are thoroughly cracked and burned, and pollutants in the discharged gas are reduced; the two-stage bag dust collector and the two-stage water-washing heavy metal removal technology are adopted, active carbon does not need to be sprayed, the system operation cost is reduced, and the problem that heavy metal in flue gas exceeds the standard due to fluctuation of the concentration of heavy metal in the inlet flue gas is avoided.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A medical waste plasma gasification melting processing apparatus which characterized in that: comprises a gasification melting furnace body, a first plasma torch and an electrode, wherein the first plasma torch and the electrode are arranged at the lower side of the interior of the gasification melting furnace body, the first plasma torch is positioned above a molten pool, and the electrode is positioned in the molten pool.
2. The plasma gasification melting processing apparatus for medical waste according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end of gasification melting furnace body is provided with feed inlet, pair roller charging means and feed bin, and the feed inlet is for following the body that vertical direction set up and the upper end at gasification melting furnace body is fixed to the feed inlet, and pair roller charging means sets up in the feed inlet, and the feed bin is conical hopper and the lower extreme of feed bin and the upper end fixed connection of feed inlet.
3. The plasma gasification melting processing apparatus for medical waste according to claim 1, wherein: the first plasma torches are at least two, the at least two first plasma torches are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the gasification melting furnace body, the lower end of the gasification melting furnace body is provided with at least two lower layer tuyeres, the lower layer tuyeres and the first plasma torches are arranged at the same layer, and the at least two lower layer tuyeres and the at least two first plasma torches are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the gasification melting furnace body.
4. The plasma gasification melting processing apparatus for medical waste according to claim 1, wherein: the lower side of the gasification melting furnace body is provided with an upper layer tuyere, the upper layer tuyere is provided with two layers, each layer of upper layer tuyere comprises at least three upper layer tuyeres, the upper layer tuyere is positioned above the first plasma torch, the upper layer tuyere positioned on the upper layer is arranged below a drying area in the furnace, and the upper layer tuyere positioned on the lower layer is arranged in a gasification combustion area in the furnace.
5. The plasma gasification melting processing apparatus for medical waste according to claim 1, wherein: and the upper end of the gasification melting furnace is provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet is connected with a gas inlet at the upper end of the secondary combustion chamber through a connecting pipeline, and a second plasma torch is arranged in the connecting pipeline.
6. The plasma gasification melting processing apparatus for medical waste according to claim 5, wherein: and combustion-supporting air ports are arranged on the upper side of the secondary combustion chamber, and at least two combustion-supporting air ports are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the secondary combustion chamber.
7. The plasma gasification melting processing apparatus for medical waste according to claim 6, wherein: and a high-molecular denitration agent jet orifice is arranged at the lower side of the combustion-supporting tuyere.
8. A medical waste plasma gasification melting processing system, characterized in that: the plasma gasification melting treatment device for medical wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a feeding system, a waste heat boiler, a thermal system, a quench tower, a flue gas purification device, an induced draft fan, a chimney, a fly ash washing and reacting device and a wastewater treatment system, wherein the feeding system is connected with a feeding port of the plasma gasification melting treatment device for medical wastes, a discharging port of the plasma gasification melting treatment device for medical wastes is connected with a feeding port of the waste heat boiler, a discharging port of the waste heat boiler is connected with an inlet of the quench tower, an outlet of the quench tower is connected with one end of the flue gas purification device, the other end of the flue gas purification device is connected with one end of the induced draft fan, the other end of the induced draft fan is connected with the chimney, a steam pipeline of the waste heat boiler is connected with the thermal system, fly ash generated by the quench tower and the flue gas purification device is connected with the fly ash washing and reacting device for fly ash washing, sludge generated by the washing and reacting device is sent into the plasma gasification melting treatment device for medical wastes, the waste water of the flue gas purification device and the fly ash washing system is connected to a waste water treatment system.
9. The medical waste plasma gasification melting processing system of claim 8, wherein: the flue gas purification device comprises a primary bag-type dust remover, a secondary bag-type dust remover, a temperature reduction tower, a packed tower, a wet electrostatic demister and a flue gas heater, wherein an inlet of the primary bag-type dust remover is connected with an outlet of the quench tower, an outlet of the primary bag-type dust remover is connected with an inlet of the secondary bag-type dust remover, an outlet of the secondary bag-type dust remover is connected with an inlet of the temperature reduction tower, an outlet of the packed tower is connected with an inlet of the wet electrostatic demister, and an outlet of the wet electrostatic demister is connected with an inlet of the flue gas heater.
10. A plasma gasification melting treatment method for medical waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: each first plasma torch is provided with a plasma torch power supply, and all the electrodes are provided with an electrode power supply;
step two: when the medical waste plasma gasification melt processing system of claim 8 or 9 is within a normal medical waste disposal load range, the first plasma torch is respectively powered by a respective corresponding plasma torch power supply and the first plasma torch is in a non-transferred arc operating regime, the electrode is powered by an electrode power supply and the electrode operates as a resistive heating rod;
step three: when the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system is in an overload working condition, the first plasma torches are only communicated with the negative poles of the plasma torch power supplies corresponding to the first plasma torches, the first plasma torches are in a transferred arc working system, the electrodes are connected with the positive poles of the plasma torch power supplies and the positive poles of the electrode power supplies, and the first plasma torches, the slag and the electrodes are electrified and conducted;
step four: a synthesizer generated by the gasification melting furnace thoroughly decomposes tar and dioxin in a connecting pipeline through a second plasma torch, and the residual synthesis gas is fully combusted in a secondary combustion chamber and denitrated at high temperature;
step five: the synthesis gas is sent into a thermodynamic system for thermal power generation through a waste heat boiler, and then enters a quench tower for extremely rapid cooling;
step six: and the cooled synthesis gas is dedusted by a two-stage bag dust remover, treated by a temperature reduction tower, a packed tower, a wet electrostatic demister and a flue gas heater and discharged after reaching the standard.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110748141.1A CN113390090A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Plasma gasification melting treatment device, system and method for medical waste |
| PCT/CN2021/112225 WO2023272890A1 (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-12 | Medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment apparatus, system and method |
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| CN202110748141.1A CN113390090A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Plasma gasification melting treatment device, system and method for medical waste |
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| WO (1) | WO2023272890A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114216124A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-03-22 | 上海环境工程设计研究院有限公司 | Waste circuit board recycling system and process |
| CN114719264A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | A medical waste plasma gasification melting furnace and incinerator feeding system |
| CN115059922A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-16 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | Auxiliary heating device and method for plasma medical waste melting furnace |
| CN115109617A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-27 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | A downdraft plasma gasification melting device for solid waste recycling |
| CN118391684A (en) * | 2024-05-24 | 2024-07-26 | 朴玛(上海)环境技术有限公司 | Solid waste treatment system comprising plasma gasification furnace and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003317930A (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-07 | Ebara Corp | Plasma type fusion furnace device |
| CN209893414U (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-01-03 | 毛丁 | Fluxing Plasma Furnace |
| CN209893413U (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-01-03 | 毛丁 | Fluxing plasma furnace |
| CN109631045A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-16 | 合肥中科远望环保科技有限公司 | A kind of plasma gasification melting furnace processing solid waste device |
| CN111457385A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-28 | 上海第升环保科技有限公司 | Plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device for medical waste |
| CN112240553B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2023-02-24 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Plasma gasification melting furnace system and control method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-07-02 CN CN202110748141.1A patent/CN113390090A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-08-12 WO PCT/CN2021/112225 patent/WO2023272890A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114216124A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-03-22 | 上海环境工程设计研究院有限公司 | Waste circuit board recycling system and process |
| CN114719264A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | A medical waste plasma gasification melting furnace and incinerator feeding system |
| CN115109617A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-27 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | A downdraft plasma gasification melting device for solid waste recycling |
| CN115059922A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-16 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | Auxiliary heating device and method for plasma medical waste melting furnace |
| CN118391684A (en) * | 2024-05-24 | 2024-07-26 | 朴玛(上海)环境技术有限公司 | Solid waste treatment system comprising plasma gasification furnace and application thereof |
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| WO2023272890A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
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Application publication date: 20210914 |