CN113494712A

CN113494712A - Thermal plasma torch waste incineration treatment system

Info

Publication number: CN113494712A
Application number: CN202110899457.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐云
Original assignee: Zhongke Yunyue Beijing Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhongke Yunyue Beijing Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-06
Filing date: 2021-08-06
Publication date: 2021-10-12

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal plasma torch waste incineration treatment system, which comprises: the incinerator is communicated with a flue gas treatment pipeline; a plurality of thermal plasma torches of heat sources for igniting and maintaining the furnace temperature are arranged in the incinerator; the smoke treatment pipeline is internally provided with a plurality of thermal plasma torches for burning and removing tar and organic matters in the smoke. The thermal plasma torch garbage incineration treatment system provided by the invention has the advantages that garbage is incinerated through the thermal plasma torch, and the gas phase generated by garbage incineration is subjected to cracking treatment, so that the standard discharge is realized, the treatment cost is low, and the treatment effect is good.

Description

Thermal plasma torch waste incineration treatment system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of waste incineration treatment, in particular to a thermal plasma torch waste incineration treatment system.

Background

In the prior art, the treatment of household garbage is generally divided into three types of landfill, incineration and composting, at present, the application is widely to fill garbage, but the landfill treatment easily causes potential secondary pollution of surface and underground water resources, and needs subsequent field sealing recovery and high-cost daily anti-seepage maintenance, while the composting treatment easily causes heavy metal pollution, and is high in cost, low in benefit, and not the optimal choice for the treatment of the household garbage.

At present, along with continuous optimization and adjustment of a garbage disposal structure, incineration disposal gradually becomes the first choice of garbage disposal, which has great progress in the aspects of economic benefit, marketization degree, pollution degree, sustainability and the like, and in recent years, along with the increasing preponderance of national economic development, the urbanization rate is increasing, and the shortage of urban land causes a contradiction between land supply and demand, which leads to the increase of the land area of a field required by garbage landfill, thereby greatly increasing the cost of garbage landfill, and in addition, the continuous increase of the current urban domestic garbage transportation volume causes the phenomenon of 'garbage enclosing', so that the superiority of an incineration garbage disposal mode in the aspects of economic benefit, environment benefit, social benefit and the like is more prominent, and the main stream position of the incineration garbage disposal mode will be more obvious in the future.

At present, on the process technology and equipment for waste incineration treatment, the mainstream furnace types such as mechanical grate incinerators, rotary kiln incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, emerging pyrolysis gasification incinerators and the like are mature, and the method has been well applied in practice. However, the currently adopted waste incineration treatment methods not only have high construction and operation maintenance costs, but also the incineration devices usually adopt fuel oil, fuel gas or coal as heat sources for combustion supporting, which not only needs to consume a large amount of non-renewable energy, but also has low efficiency, equipment is easy to cause shutdown accidents due to coking, and the cost of tail gas treatment caused by combustion is also high, and more importantly, the main stream furnace types have high construction and operation costs or are difficult to realize environmental-friendly emission up to the standard in the aspect of treatment of daily waste of 2-50 tons.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a thermal plasma torch garbage incineration system, which incinerates garbage and cracks generated tail gas at the tail end through a thermal plasma technology, can be automatically closed when the temperature in an incinerator reaches a preset temperature, ensures energy conservation, is provided with primary air and secondary air in the incinerator, ensures that organic matters in the incinerator can be sufficiently combusted by oxygen, is provided with a flue gas treatment pipeline communicated with the incinerator, treats the organic matters and tar in the tail gas through a thermal plasma torch arranged inside, and cracks volatile organic matters (VOCs) through the thermal plasma cracker to realize environmental-friendly emission reaching standards.

The invention provides a thermal plasma torch waste incineration treatment system, which comprises: the incinerator is communicated with a flue gas treatment pipeline; a plurality of heat source thermal plasma torches for igniting and maintaining the furnace temperature are arranged in the incinerator; a plurality of thermal plasma torches for burning and removing tar and organic matters in the flue gas are arranged in the flue gas treatment pipeline; the thermal plasma cracker carries out cracking treatment on the gas phase after electrostatic dust removal to remove organic matters such as peculiar smell and dioxin.

The thermal plasma torch arranged in the incinerator and the flue gas treatment pipeline is preferably selected to be a torch with the power of 2kw and the central temperature of the torch of more than 3000 ℃.

In the prior art, at present, domestic and foreign waste incineration treatment process technologies and mainstream furnace types such as mechanical grate incinerators, rotary kiln incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators and novel pyrolysis gasification incinerators which have obvious using effects are adopted, fuel oil, fuel gas or coal is usually adopted as a heat source for supporting combustion, a large amount of non-renewable resources are consumed during waste incineration, and shutdown accidents can be caused by coking.

In order to practically solve the technical problems, the invention provides a thermal plasma torch garbage incineration treatment system, which ensures that garbage in a furnace is fully combusted by arranging a thermal plasma torch in the incinerator as a heat source for igniting and maintaining the temperature of the furnace, tail gas generated by garbage combustion enters a flue gas treatment pipeline, a plurality of thermal plasma torches are arranged in the flue gas treatment pipeline, tar and organic matters in the flue gas are burnt clearly at high temperature of nearly 2000 ℃, the garbage is incinerated by the incinerator, and the tail gas generated by incineration is treated by the flue gas treatment pipeline, so that pollution-free treatment of the garbage is realized, fuel oil or gas is not consumed, the system belongs to the technical field of low-carbon incineration treatment of household garbage, and the system conforms to the national low-carbon development policy.

In the device, the dry or wet garbage in the incinerator has no great requirement, the garbage is dried and then incinerated after entering the incinerator, the generated tail gas enters the flue gas treatment pipeline, tar and organic matters in the flue gas are incinerated and removed by a thermal plasma torch arranged in the flue gas treatment pipeline at the high temperature of nearly 2000 ℃, and the tail gas in the garbage incineration treatment process can reach the environmental standard emission through a thermal plasma cracker at the tail end, so that the device is energy-saving, efficient and pollution-free, which cannot be realized by the prior art, and has low energy consumption, good treatment effect and stronger application effect in the whole operation process.

In the device, a plurality of thermal plasma torches are arranged in the incinerator and the flue gas treatment pipeline, the flame core temperature of the thermal plasma torch is above 3000 ℃, the power is 2kw, the service life is longer than 3000 hours, a uniform thermal field is formed in the incinerator and the flue gas treatment pipeline through the plurality of thermal plasma torches, the thermal efficiency of the thermal plasma torch is up to 90 percent and is obviously higher than that of the conventional technologies such as gas burning and fuel burning.

The thermal plasma torch array takes air as working gas, and a uniform thermal field is formed in the flue gas treatment pipeline, so that tar and organic matters in tail gas generated by incineration are completely decomposed.

Preferably, as a further implementable scheme, the thermal plasma torches arranged in the flue gas treatment pipeline are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in one of a different-side arrangement mode and a same-side arrangement mode, and the orientation of the thermal plasma torches is one or a combination of a horizontal orientation, a vertical orientation and an inclined orientation. The arrangement can ensure that the thermal plasma torch can be fully contacted with tail gas generated by incineration, and tar and organic matters in the tail gas generated by incinerating garbage can be fully clear.

Preferably, as a further implementable scheme, the flue gas treatment pipeline is in a zigzag shape, the thermal plasma torch is arranged on the vertical section of the flue gas pipeline on the same side, and the orientation of the thermal plasma torch is in the horizontal direction. Will flue gas pipeline sets to the zigzag, can make things convenient for the dismantlement of flue gas treatment pipeline is inside convenient clearance pipeline, prevents the pipe blockage, saves space moreover, can prolong flue gas treatment process simultaneously. Certainly, the arrangement mode and the orientation of the thermal plasma torches in the flue gas treatment pipeline are selected in multiple ways, wherein the most preferable arrangement mode is that the thermal plasma torches are arranged at the vertical section at the same side, and the orientation is horizontal, so that the flue gas can fully contact the thermal plasma torches when coming, the air volume of the flue gas passing through the vertical section is large, the effect is obviously enhanced through the array arrangement of the thermal plasma torches, and the horizontal arrangement can ensure that the heat cannot be dissipated, so that the energy consumption is reduced.

Preferably, the incinerator comprises a drying part and an incinerating part, and a plurality of obliquely placed thermal plasma torches are uniformly distributed at the upper end of the incinerating part along the circumferential direction of the incinerating part. Most preferably, the three thermal plasma torches which are arranged in this way and have the power of 2kw and the plasma flame center temperature of 3000 ℃ can fully polymerize the heat energy in the incineration part, so that the garbage can be directly combusted when entering the incineration part, the garbage incineration efficiency is ensured, and the garbage in the drying part finally falls to the incineration part, so that the garbage can be ensured to be in contact with the garbage more fully at the upper end of the incineration part, and most preferably, a temperature sensor is arranged at the incineration part, and the furnace temperature is controlled by a PLC, so that the energy consumption is reduced.

Preferably, a buffer part is arranged between the drying part and the burning part, and a burned-out ash part is arranged at the lower end of the burning part; the diameter of the incineration part is larger than that of the drying part and that of the buffering part. Set up like this, can guarantee burning portion can not lead to the burning insufficient because rubbish drops too fast when burning rubbish because of the rubbish, makes msw incineration produce too much incomplete lime-ash of burning, leads to the interior rubbish lime-ash of stove to be difficult to fall into the burnt off lime-ash portion and influence normal operating. The whole incinerator is made of a stainless steel shell, a ceramic fiber heat-insulating material is lined in the stainless steel shell, a hearth liner is made of a high-strength ceramic material, the incinerator is high-temperature resistant and corrosion resistant, an incinerator body can be prefabricated in two sections, batch production and field installation are facilitated, the incinerator is suitable for daily garbage disposal of 2-50 tons, and the incinerator is very suitable for garbage disposal of small towns, islands, tourist attractions and the like.

Meanwhile, it is preferable that the upper end of the incinerator is communicated with a screw conveyor, and the lower end is communicated with a water-cooled screw conveyor.

In this way, the upper end of the drying part is connected with a screw conveyor, the screw conveyor is connected with a chain conveyor, the chain conveyor has the function of sorting stones and construction wastes, the chain conveyor is used for sorting and recovering non-paramagnetic metal articles such as copper, aluminum and nickel by adopting an alternating current induction device, and sorting and recovering paramagnetic metal articles such as iron and other metal articles by adopting a direct current induction device, and then conveying the sorted wastes to the screw conveyor, the screw conveyor not only can continuously convey the sorted wastes to an incinerator by controlling the frequency through a PLC (programmable logic controller), but also can isolate the contact between the incinerator and the outside, and can reduce the production cost under the condition of ensuring that the temperature in the incinerator cannot be lost. The burnt-off ash part is communicated with the water-cooling screw conveyor, the water-cooling screw conveyor not only can control conveying frequency through a PLC (programmable logic controller), regularly discharges burnt ash, but also can effectively isolate the incinerator from external contact, and the production cost can be reduced under the condition that the temperature in the incinerator is not lost.

Preferably, the burning part is provided with a primary air port and a secondary air port, and the primary air port and the secondary air port are used for supplying air into the furnace to ensure sufficient combustion; wherein, the secondary tuyere inputs wind into the burning part, and the primary tuyere inputs wind into the burning part and the burnt ash part. The primary air port and the secondary air port are arranged in the incineration part, so that sufficient oxygen can be ensured during waste incineration, faults caused by excessive waste accumulation in the furnace due to harmful gas generated by insufficient combustion of waste and residues generated by incomplete incineration can be avoided, and the optimal volume ratio of air supply is 1: 1.6.

Preferably, a heat exchanger is included, the heat exchanger being in communication with the incinerator through the flue gas treatment duct; the heat exchanger cools the gas phase treated by the flue gas treatment pipeline through heat exchange, and simultaneously can utilize the heat energy thereof in the field.

Preferably, a spray tower is included, and the spray tower is communicated with the incinerator through the flue gas treatment pipeline; and the spraying tower is used for cooling, reducing dust, washing and deacidifying the gas phase treated by the flue gas treatment pipeline through spraying equipment arranged in the spraying tower.

Preferably, the spray tower is communicated with the gravity separation tower through a pipeline; and the gravity separation tower carries out dewatering treatment on the gas phase after the spraying and cooling.

Preferably, the gravity separation tower is communicated with the electrostatic dust collector through a pipeline; and the electrostatic dust collector is used for carrying out electrostatic dust collection treatment on the gas phase subjected to the gravity separation.

Preferably, the electrostatic dust collector is communicated with the thermal plasma cracker through a pipeline; the thermal plasma cracker generates plasma state high-temperature airflow at 3000-4000 ℃ by energy-gathering discharge of a high-frequency (10KHZ) high-voltage (100KV) high-power supply under a specific condition. VOCs organic gas is compressed and subjected to high-pressure energy-gathering discharge in a reactor to become thermal plasma. In the treatment process, the gas is rapidly increased from normal temperature to 3000-4000 ℃, the pressure of the reactor is increased, the gas volume is rapidly expanded, and the cracking process of the substances is completed in a very short time. When the waste gas is in a plasma state, all organic components are cracked into basic particles, and no pollution is discharged. And cracking the gas phase subjected to electrostatic dust removal by using a thermal plasma cracker to remove organic matters such as peculiar smell and dioxin.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is an isometric view of a thermal plasma torch waste incineration system according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a thermal plasma torch waste incineration system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of fig. 2.

Wherein:

1-a garbage feed hopper; 2-screw conveyor;

3-thermal plasma torch; 4-secondary air supply outlet;

5-primary air supply outlet; 6-water cooling screw conveyor;

7-a drying section; 8-a buffer;

9-an incineration section; 10-burning off the ash and slag part;

a-an incinerator; b, a flue gas treatment pipeline;

a C-heat exchanger; d-a spray tower;

e-a gravity separation column; f-an electrostatic precipitator;

g-thermal plasma cracker.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "in communication" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either fixed or removable communication, or integral communication; either mechanically or electrically; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is made in the form of specific embodiments.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the thermal plasma torch garbage incineration system of the present invention comprises: the incinerator A is communicated with the heat exchanger C through the flue gas treatment pipeline B, the heat exchanger is communicated with the spray tower D through a pipeline, the spray tower D is communicated with the gravity separator E through a pipeline, the gravity separator E is communicated with the electrostatic dust collector F through a pipeline, the electrostatic dust collector F is communicated with the thermal plasma cracker G through a pipeline, after garbage is incinerated through the incinerator A, generated ash enters a burnt ash part 10 and is discharged out of the incinerator through a water-cooling screw conveyor 6, gas phase generated by incineration removes tar and organic matters at high temperature of nearly 2000 ℃ through a thermal plasma torch 3 in the flue gas treatment pipeline B, and then the gas phase is subjected to preliminary temperature reduction through the heat exchanger C, the spray tower D is subjected to temperature reduction, The gravity separator E removes water, the electrostatic dust collector F removes dust, and the thermal plasma cracker G removes organic matters such as peculiar smell and dioxin. A plurality of thermal plasma torches 3 are distributed in the incinerator A and the flue gas treatment pipeline B, the maximum power of the thermal plasma torches 3 is 2kw, the central temperature of the flame is above 3000 ℃, and the service life of the thermal plasma torches is over 3000 hours.

The incinerator A is divided into a drying part 7, a buffer part 8, an incinerating part 9 and a burned ash and slag part 10, the diameter of the incinerating part 9 is larger than that of the drying part 7 and larger than that of the buffer part 8, and a plurality of obliquely arranged thermal plasma torches 3 are uniformly distributed at the upper end of the incinerating part 9 along the circumferential direction of the incinerating part. The drying part 7 can evaporate the moisture in the garbage after the garbage enters the furnace, can play a certain buffering role, then enters the incineration part 9 through the buffering part 8, incinerates under the effect of the thermal plasma torch 3, and has a heat gathering effect due to the incineration part 9, so that the treatment effect is greatly improved.

Burn burning furnace A's drying portion 7's upper end and screw conveyer 2 intercommunication, domestic waste gets into screw conveyer 2 by rubbish feeder hopper 1, then carry to drying portion 7 through screw conveyer 2, domestic waste is earlier through drying portion 7 drying, then get into through buffer 8 and burn portion 9 and fully burn, it is provided with primary air port 5 to burn portion 9, secondary air port 4 for to burning furnace A internal transfer can make the air of rubbish full combustion, the ash that remains after the rubbish burning is complete gets into burns out cinder portion 10, burn out cinder portion 10 and water-cooling screw conveyer 6 intercommunication, carry the ash after burning to the stove outside through water-cooling screw conveyer 6.

And, in order to the burning rubbish that can be more environmental protection, set up NCR denitrification facility in burning furnace A, spout the urea into the stove through the atomizer, carry out denitration treatment to by PLC control, with landfill leachate pump in burning furnace A carries out incineration disposal.

The flue gas treatment pipeline B is integrally Z-shaped, is communicated with the incinerator A and the spray tower C and can be detached, a plurality of thermal plasma torches 3 are arranged on the vertical pipe of the flue gas treatment pipeline B from top to bottom on the same side, and the thermal plasma torches 3 face horizontally.

The device provided by the invention also comprises a PLC control system, wherein the device realizes full automation of the processes of adjusting the servo motor by the servo driver under the control of the PLC, driving the screw conveyer 2, the water-cooling screw conveyer 6, the temperature sensor, the thermal plasma torch 3, the incinerator A, the flue gas treatment pipeline B, the heat exchanger C, the spray tower D, the gravity separator E, the electrostatic dust collector F, the thermal plasma cracker G and the like by the servo motor, and ensures stable working conditions.

Finally, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A thermal plasma torch waste incineration system, comprising: the device comprises an incinerator, a flue gas treatment pipeline communicated with the incinerator, and a thermal plasma cracker;

a plurality of heat source thermal plasma torches for igniting and maintaining the furnace temperature are arranged in the incinerator;

a plurality of thermal plasma torches for burning and removing tar and organic matters in the flue gas are arranged in the flue gas treatment pipeline;

the thermal plasma cracker is used for cracking and treating peculiar smell and dioxin in gas-phase tail gas, and realizes standard emission.

2. The thermal plasma torch garbage incineration treatment system of claim 1, wherein the thermal plasma torches arranged in the flue gas treatment pipeline are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in one of an opposite side arrangement mode and an identical side arrangement mode, and the orientation of the thermal plasma torches is one or a combination of a horizontal orientation mode, a vertical orientation mode and an inclined orientation mode.

3. The thermal plasma torch waste incineration disposal system of claim 2, wherein the flue gas treatment pipe is zigzag-shaped, the thermal plasma torch is arranged on the same side of the vertical section of the flue gas pipe, and the orientation of the thermal plasma torch is horizontal.

4. The thermal plasma torch waste incineration system of claim 1, wherein the incinerator includes a drying section and an incineration section;

the upper end of the burning part is uniformly distributed with a plurality of obliquely arranged thermal plasma torches along the circumferential direction.

5. The thermal plasma torch garbage incineration system according to claim 4, wherein a buffer portion is provided between the drying portion and the incineration portion, and a burned-off ash portion is provided at a lower end of the incineration portion;

the diameter of the incineration part is larger than that of the drying part and that of the buffering part.

6. The thermal plasma torch garbage incineration system according to claim 5, wherein the incineration section is provided with a primary tuyere and a secondary tuyere, and the primary tuyere and the secondary tuyere are used for supplying air into the furnace to ensure sufficient combustion;

wherein, the secondary tuyere inputs air into the burning part, and the primary tuyere inputs air into the burning part and the burnt ash part.

7. The thermal plasma torch waste incineration treatment system of claim 1, further comprising a spray tower in communication with the incinerator through the flue gas treatment duct;

and the spraying tower is used for cooling, reducing dust, washing and deacidifying the gas phase treated by the flue gas treatment pipeline through spraying equipment arranged in the spraying tower.

8. The thermal plasma torch waste incineration processing system of claim 7, wherein the spray tower is in communication with a gravity separation tower through a pipe;

and the gravity separation tower carries out dewatering treatment on the gas phase after the spraying and cooling.

9. The thermal plasma torch waste incineration processing system of claim 8, wherein the gravity separation column is in communication with an electrostatic precipitator through a conduit;

and the electrostatic dust collector is used for carrying out electrostatic dust collection treatment on the gas phase subjected to the gravity separation.

10. The thermal plasma torch waste incineration processing system of claim 9, wherein the electrostatic precipitator is in communication with the thermal plasma cracker through a conduit.